US3605399A - Strings - Google Patents
Strings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3605399A US3605399A US717457A US3605399DA US3605399A US 3605399 A US3605399 A US 3605399A US 717457 A US717457 A US 717457A US 3605399D A US3605399D A US 3605399DA US 3605399 A US3605399 A US 3605399A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- core
- string
- strings
- lubricant
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trichloroethane Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 for example Polymers 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010480 babassu oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010499 rapseed oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000004244 Cucurbita moschata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009854 Cucurbita moschata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009852 Cucurbita pepo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K91/00—Lines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B51/00—Stringing tennis, badminton or like rackets; Strings therefor; Maintenance of racket strings
- A63B51/02—Strings; String substitutes; Products applied on strings, e.g. for protection against humidity or wear
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/14—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable
- D07B1/141—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising liquid, pasty or powder agents, e.g. lubricants or anti-corrosive oils or greases
- D07B1/142—Ropes or cables with incorporated auxiliary elements, e.g. for marking, extending throughout the length of the rope or cable comprising liquid, pasty or powder agents, e.g. lubricants or anti-corrosive oils or greases for ropes or rope components built-up from fibrous or filamentary material
Definitions
- This invention relates to strings, especially to strings for use in stringing racquets for use in ball games, for example, badminton, squash and tennis.
- This invention is based on the observation that strings for games racquets, which strings are made from longchain synthetic polymeric materials, are more pliable and have a considerably longer life, under normal conditions of use, if a lubricant is incorporated in the string during manufacture.
- the string is a cored string made up from a core consisting of at least one monofilament of a long-chain synthetic polymeric material and at least one helical wrapping of a long chain synthetic polymeric material.
- the core consists of a number of monofilaments
- the monofilaments may be longitudinally aligned or twisted or plaited together.
- the monofilaments forming the core may be solid or have one or more axial bores extending along the whole of their length.
- the strings may be made by methods known in the art or published in the literature for making such strings. Thus, for example, they may be made by coating the core with an adhesive suitable for bonding together the synthetic materials used for the core and the wrapping, for example an adhesive based on a solution of nylon in a solvent, for example a mixture of phenol and 1,1,2-trichloroethane, helically winding onto the core one or more layers of a synthetic long-chain polymer textile material and heating the combination to dry the adhesive, preferably while the string is under tension.
- an adhesive suitable for bonding together the synthetic materials used for the core and the wrapping for example an adhesive based on a solution of nylon in a solvent, for example a mixture of phenol and 1,1,2-trichloroethane, helically winding onto the core one or more layers of a synthetic long-chain polymer textile material and heating the combination to dry the adhesive, preferably while the string is under tension.
- the adhesive is preferably a solution consisting of about 16% of nylon flake, in a mixture of about.32% of phenol and about 52% of 1,l,2-trichloroethane, the percentages being calculated on the weight of the solution.
- the completed string comprising the core and the helically wound wrapping is preferably dried by passing it through a tube through which a stream of air at a temperature within the range of from 60 C. to 70 C. is also passed.
- each layer When two or more layers of textile material are wound onto the core the direction of winding of each layer is 3,605,399 Patented Sept. 20, 1971 "ice preferably in a direction opposite to the direction of winding of the previous layer.
- Suitable materials for both the core and the wrapping are,.for example, polyamides, for example, a nylon, or polyesters, for example, polyethylene terephthalate.
- the material of the core may be the same as or different from the materialof the windings.
- the lubricant may be contained, as applicable, between the wrapping and the core, between the individual monofilaments forming the core or in the bore or bores in the monofilaments forming the core or in all these positions, as the construction of the string allows.
- the lubricant may be applied in any desired manner.
- the core and the wrapping are not to be adhesively bonded together it can be applied to the outer surface of the core prior to application of the helical wrappings but such a method will generally not be practicable.
- the lubricant is therefore preferably injected into the core, either into the bore or bores in the monofilament or monofilaments or into the spaces between the individual monofilaments by inserting an injector into the core and forcing the lubricant into the core under high pressure, preferably while simultaneously applying a reduced pressure to the other end of the string.
- an injector into the core and forcing the lubricant into the core under high pressure, preferably while simultaneously applying a reduced pressure to the other end of the string.
- a string for games racquets comprising a core consisting of at least one monofilament of a long chain synthetic polymeric material and at least one helical wrapping of a long chain synthetic polymeric material, said at least one monofilament having at least one axial bore extending along the whole of its length, which bore is filled with a lubricant.
- a string for games racquets as claimed in claim 1 in which said polymeric material is nylon.
- a string for games racquets as claimed in claim 1 comprising an adhesive between said core and wrapping, said adhesive consisting essentially of a solution of nylon in a mixture of phenol and 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
- a string for games racquets as claimed in claim 7 in which said solution comprises about 16% nylon, in a 3 mixture containing about 32% phenol and 52% of 1,1,2- trichloroethane, said percentages being by weight and based on the solution.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Strings for games racquets are provided which comprise a core consisting of one or more monofilaments of synthetic long chain polymeric material and one or more helical wrappings of a synthetic long chain polymeric material, and in which a lubricant is contained in the core or between the wrapping and the core.
Description
Unie S ate Patent .0"
U.S. Cl. 57-149 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Strings for games racquets are provided which comprise a core consisting of one or more monofilaments of a synthetic long chain polymeric material and one or more helical wrappings of a synthetic long chain polymeric material, and in which a lubricant is contained in the core or between the wrapping and the core.
This invention relates to strings, especially to strings for use in stringing racquets for use in ball games, for example, badminton, squash and tennis.
It has been proposed to use synthetic long-chain polymeric materials, for example nylon and polyesters, for example, polyethylene terephthalate, as a material for use in producing strings for games racquets but it has been found that such strings have the disadvantage that after a while they become hard and brittle and break. Further, the strings are very stiff and stringing of racquets with the strings is diflicult because of the difliculty in tightening the string to obtain the requisite degree of tension.
This invention is based on the observation that strings for games racquets, which strings are made from longchain synthetic polymeric materials, are more pliable and have a considerably longer life, under normal conditions of use, if a lubricant is incorporated in the string during manufacture.
The string is a cored string made up from a core consisting of at least one monofilament of a long-chain synthetic polymeric material and at least one helical wrapping of a long chain synthetic polymeric material. When the core consists of a number of monofilaments, the monofilaments may be longitudinally aligned or twisted or plaited together. The monofilaments forming the core may be solid or have one or more axial bores extending along the whole of their length.
The strings may be made by methods known in the art or published in the literature for making such strings. Thus, for example, they may be made by coating the core with an adhesive suitable for bonding together the synthetic materials used for the core and the wrapping, for example an adhesive based on a solution of nylon in a solvent, for example a mixture of phenol and 1,1,2-trichloroethane, helically winding onto the core one or more layers of a synthetic long-chain polymer textile material and heating the combination to dry the adhesive, preferably while the string is under tension.
The adhesive is preferably a solution consisting of about 16% of nylon flake, in a mixture of about.32% of phenol and about 52% of 1,l,2-trichloroethane, the percentages being calculated on the weight of the solution. When using such an adhesive the completed string comprising the core and the helically wound wrapping is preferably dried by passing it through a tube through which a stream of air at a temperature within the range of from 60 C. to 70 C. is also passed.
When two or more layers of textile material are wound onto the core the direction of winding of each layer is 3,605,399 Patented Sept. 20, 1971 "ice preferably in a direction opposite to the direction of winding of the previous layer.
Suitable materials for both the core and the wrapping are,.for example, polyamides, for example, a nylon, or polyesters, for example, polyethylene terephthalate. The material of the core may be the same as or different from the materialof the windings.
The lubricant may be contained, as applicable, between the wrapping and the core, between the individual monofilaments forming the core or in the bore or bores in the monofilaments forming the core or in all these positions, as the construction of the string allows.
The lubricant may be applied in any desired manner. Thus, for example, if the core and the wrapping are not to be adhesively bonded together it can be applied to the outer surface of the core prior to application of the helical wrappings but such a method will generally not be practicable.
The lubricant is therefore preferably injected into the core, either into the bore or bores in the monofilament or monofilaments or into the spaces between the individual monofilaments by inserting an injector into the core and forcing the lubricant into the core under high pressure, preferably while simultaneously applying a reduced pressure to the other end of the string. -In those strings in which the core is formed from a number of monofilaments, it is also possible to coat the monofilaments with the lubricant before they are brought together to form the core and to remove the lubricant on the surface of the core before applying and adhesively bonding the wrappings to the core.
The lubricant may be any oleaginous material which does not adversely affect the properties of the material or materials from which the string is made. Preferably the lubricant is a mineral oil or grease, for example, parafiin liquid, paraffin or a vegetable oil or grease, for example, soy bean oil, babassu oil, palm Kernel oil, palm oil, olive oil, coconut oil, castor oil, peanut oil or rape oil.
I claim:
1. A string for games racquets comprising a core consisting of at least one monofilament of a long chain synthetic polymeric material and at least one helical wrapping of a long chain synthetic polymeric material, said at least one monofilament having at least one axial bore extending along the whole of its length, which bore is filled with a lubricant.
2. A string for games racquets as claimed in claim 1 in which said polymeric material is nylon.
3. A string as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core consists of a plurality of monofilaments of circular cross section and a lubricant is contained in spaces between the monofilaments forming the core.
4. A string as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is more than one helical wrapping and the direction of winding of each wrapping is opposite to the direction of winding of the previous wrapping.
5. A string as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material for the core and the wrapping is a nylon.
6. A string as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lubricant is a lubricant selected from the group consisting of paraffin, liquid parafiin, soy bean oil, babassu oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, olive oil, coconut oil, castor oil, peanut oil and rape oil.
7. A string for games racquets as claimed in claim 1 comprising an adhesive between said core and wrapping, said adhesive consisting essentially of a solution of nylon in a mixture of phenol and 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
. 8. A string for games racquets as claimed in claim 7 in which said solution comprises about 16% nylon, in a 3 mixture containing about 32% phenol and 52% of 1,1,2- trichloroethane, said percentages being by weight and based on the solution.
References Cited 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5/1938 Chittenden et a1. 57149 5/1946 Smith 57140 2/ 1956 Crandall 57149X 10 11/1958 Crandall 57-149X 3/1962 Vaughan 57--162 4 Ross 57164X Speakman 264209 Paliyenko 28--75X Scott 264209X Parsey et a1. 57149 US. Cl. X.R.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1580767 | 1967-04-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3605399A true US3605399A (en) | 1971-09-20 |
Family
ID=10065837
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US717457A Expired - Lifetime US3605399A (en) | 1967-04-06 | 1968-03-29 | Strings |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3605399A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1703132C3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1228171A (en) |
NL (1) | NL144161B (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4016714A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1977-04-12 | Ashaway Line & Twine Mfg. Co. | String construction |
US4297835A (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1981-11-03 | Mituo Shimizu | Synthetic strings |
US4344279A (en) * | 1979-07-13 | 1982-08-17 | Tamanosuke Ohara | Hollow strings containing gelatinous oil |
US4377620A (en) * | 1982-06-21 | 1983-03-22 | Edward Alexander | Gut for tennis racket and the like and method of making same |
US4660364A (en) * | 1985-07-22 | 1987-04-28 | Alpha Sports, Inc. | Racket string construction |
US20080124546A1 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-29 | Nano-Proprietary, Inc. | Buffer Layer for Strings |
US20080206559A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-08-28 | Yunjun Li | Lubricant enhanced nanocomposites |
US8713906B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2014-05-06 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Composite coating for strings |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS569496Y2 (en) * | 1977-04-11 | 1981-03-03 | ||
KR830001509B1 (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1983-08-08 | 스카라 그레이드 리미티드 | Racket Lines |
FR2532553A1 (en) * | 1982-09-02 | 1984-03-09 | Explosifs Prod Chim S | ROPE FOR TENNIS RACKETS, AND RACKETS SO EQUIPPED |
DE3619447C2 (en) * | 1985-06-10 | 1994-02-17 | Gosen Kk | String for tennis rackets and the like |
DE4402630C1 (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1995-08-03 | Lozetex Zwirne Gmbh | Fishing line |
DE19744780C2 (en) * | 1997-10-12 | 1999-12-02 | Schwarz Hans Joachim | String for sports equipment |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1070533B (en) * | 1959-12-03 | Dunlop Rubber Company Limited, London | Tension thread, especially for the covering of Tennisod. like. ball rackets | |
DE396088C (en) * | 1923-03-25 | 1924-05-26 | Nikolaus Ban | String protection for tennis racket strings |
US1770794A (en) * | 1927-07-09 | 1930-07-15 | Johnson & Johnson | Tennis string |
US1699174A (en) * | 1927-11-05 | 1929-01-15 | Herbert L Whittemore | Wire rope |
US2028157A (en) * | 1934-09-17 | 1936-01-21 | Walter D Hodson | Wire rope |
US2074956A (en) * | 1935-09-13 | 1937-03-23 | American Steel & Wire Co | Wire rope |
US2401291A (en) * | 1943-06-11 | 1946-05-28 | Du Pont | Racket string |
CH278315A (en) * | 1948-04-24 | 1951-10-15 | Lycon As | Metal string with several strands twisted together. |
US2649833A (en) * | 1949-04-14 | 1953-08-25 | Ashaway Line & Twine Mfg | Manufacture of lines for racquets |
US2712263A (en) * | 1949-09-07 | 1955-07-05 | Julian T Crandall | Manufacture of strings |
DE1028920B (en) * | 1951-08-09 | 1958-04-24 | Ashaway Line & Twine Mfg Compa | String for tennis rackets, badminton rackets and batons with strings as well as musical instruments or the like. |
US3075241A (en) * | 1955-03-08 | 1963-01-29 | Schiesser Ag Trikotfabriken | Multiple hole spinning nozzle and process of manufacture |
CH355247A (en) * | 1956-03-16 | 1961-06-30 | Trikotfabriken J Schiesser Ag | Process for the production of an artificial thread and its use |
FR1190769A (en) * | 1958-01-23 | 1959-10-15 | Babolat Maillot Witt | Improvements in the manufacture of vibrating strings |
US3226773A (en) * | 1960-09-26 | 1966-01-04 | Celanese Corp | Method and apparatus for opening and applying finishes to multifilament tows |
-
1967
- 1967-04-06 GB GB1580767A patent/GB1228171A/en not_active Expired
-
1968
- 1968-03-29 US US717457A patent/US3605399A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1968-04-05 DE DE1703132A patent/DE1703132C3/en not_active Expired
- 1968-04-05 NL NL686804833A patent/NL144161B/en unknown
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4016714A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1977-04-12 | Ashaway Line & Twine Mfg. Co. | String construction |
US4344279A (en) * | 1979-07-13 | 1982-08-17 | Tamanosuke Ohara | Hollow strings containing gelatinous oil |
US4297835A (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1981-11-03 | Mituo Shimizu | Synthetic strings |
US4377620A (en) * | 1982-06-21 | 1983-03-22 | Edward Alexander | Gut for tennis racket and the like and method of making same |
US4660364A (en) * | 1985-07-22 | 1987-04-28 | Alpha Sports, Inc. | Racket string construction |
US20080124546A1 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-29 | Nano-Proprietary, Inc. | Buffer Layer for Strings |
US8713906B2 (en) | 2006-11-16 | 2014-05-06 | Applied Nanotech Holdings, Inc. | Composite coating for strings |
US20080206559A1 (en) * | 2007-02-26 | 2008-08-28 | Yunjun Li | Lubricant enhanced nanocomposites |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1228171A (en) | 1971-04-15 |
DE1703132A1 (en) | 1972-02-17 |
DE1703132B2 (en) | 1980-03-27 |
DE1703132C3 (en) | 1983-12-22 |
NL144161B (en) | 1974-12-16 |
NL6804833A (en) | 1968-10-07 |
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