Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
  • A61K8/731—Cellulose; Quaternized cellulose derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
  • A61K8/23—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
  • A61K8/442—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof substituted by amido group(s)
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
  • A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
  • A61Q5/10—Preparations for permanently dyeing the hair
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
  • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
  • A61K2800/54—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties
  • A61K2800/542—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge
  • A61K2800/5426—Polymers characterized by specific structures/properties characterized by the charge cationic

Definitions

• the present invention relates to quaternized cellulose ethers suitable for rheological modification of personal care products.
• rheology modifiers are used to adjust a composition's rheological properties (including viscosity, flow rate, stability of viscosity over time or with increased temperature, and the composition's ability to suspend particles).
• rheology of a formulation can have significant impact on consumer perceptions of the product.
• Known polymeric thickeners often show poor thickening efficiency or poor surfactant compatibility, and associative thickeners, while not suffering from these faults, display undesirable characteristics like reduced spreadability, poor viscosity maintenance at increased temperatures, and reduction of lather/foam.
• the present invention provides personal care compositions, comprising a combination of surfactants, comprising at least two of ammonium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, decylglucoside, and cocamidopropyl betaine; and at least one derivatized quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, wherein the quaternized cellulose ether comprises fewer than 4000 anhydroglucose repeat units, an average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents from about 0.005 to about 0.3 moles of substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit, a nitrogen percentage from about 0.3 to about 3.0, provided that the average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents is less than the average substitution level of cationic substituents.
• a combination of surfactants comprising at least two of ammonium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulf
• the present invention provides methods for increasing viscosity of a personal care composition including a combination of surfactants without concommitant increases in stringiness and reduced spreadability, comprising combining with the personal care composition at least one derivatized quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, wherein the quaternized cellulose ether comprises fewer than 4000 anhydroglucose repeat units, an average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents from about 0.005 to about 0.3 moles of substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit, a nitrogen percentage from about 0.3 to about 3.0, provided that the average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents is less than the average substitution level of cationic substituents.
• the present invention provides personal care compositions, comprising a combination of surfactants, comprising at least two of ammonium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, decylglucoside, and cocamidopropyl betaine; and at least one derivatized quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, wherein the quaternized cellulose ether comprises fewer than 4000 anhydroglucose repeat units, an average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents from about 0.005 to about 0.3 moles of substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit, a nitrogen percentage from about 0.3 to about 3.0, provided that the average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents is less than the average substitution level of cationic substituents.
• a combination of surfactants comprising at least two of ammonium laureth sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulf
• the present invention provides methods for increasing viscosity of a personal care composition including a combination of surfactants without concommitant increases in stringiness and reduced spreadability, comprising combining with the personal care composition at least one derivatized quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, wherein the quaternized cellulose ether comprises fewer than 4000 anhydroglucose repeat units, an average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents from about 0.005 to about 0.3 moles of substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit, a nitrogen percentage from about 0.3 to about 3.0, provided that the average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents is less than the average substitution level of cationic substituents.
• Quaternized cellulose ethers refers to cellulose ether derivatives containing quaternary ammonium groups.
• the cellulose ether component comprises anhydroglucose repeat units derivatized with certain ethers.
• M.S. (hydroxy ethyl) designates the average number of moles of hydroxy ethyl groups which have been attached by an ether linkage per mole of anhydroglucose unit.
• cellulose ethers used to make quaternized cellulose ethers of the present invention have an M.S.
• the quaternized cellulose ethers of the present invention have a nitrogen percentage (%N - average weight percent of nitrogen per anhydroglucose repeat unit) from about 0.3 to about 3.0.
• the cellulose ethers used to make quaternized cellulose ethers of the present invention generally have at least 250 anhydroglucose repeat units, preferably at least 350 anhydroglucose repeat units.
• the cellulose ethers have fewer than 4000 anhydroglucose repeat units, preferably fewer than 3750, preferably fewer than 3500, preferably fewer than 3250, preferably fewer than 3000, preferably fewer than 2500 and more preferably fewer than 2000 anhydroglucose repeat units.
• Such cellulose ethers are readily commercially available.
• such cellulose ethers can be prepared from cellulose by methods known to those skilled in the art.
• Typical cellulose ethers include for example, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl carboxylmethyl cellulose.
• Preferred cellulose ethers include hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose.
• the most preferred cellulose ethers suitable for preparing the quaternized cellulose ethers comprise hydroxyethyl groups.
• cellulose ethers are derivatized with a hydrophobic substituent and a cationic nitrogen-containing substituent to form quaternized cellulose ethers of the present invention.
• the hydrophobic substituent has the formula (I):
• R 1 and R 2 are each, independently, methyl or ethyl
• R 3 is -CH 2 -CHOH-CH 2 - or -CH 2 CH 2 -
• R 4 is an alkyl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, and most preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms
• a z ⁇ is an anion
• z is 1, 2 or 3.
• the hydrophobic substituent is derived from glycidyl ethers, such as nonylphenyl glycidyl ether or dodecylphenyl glycidyl ether; or alpha-olefm epoxides, such as 1,2-epoxy hexadecane and their respective chlorohydrins, or alkyl halides, e.g., dodecyl bromide, and mixtures thereof.
• both R 1 and R 2 are methyl.
• R 3 is -CH 2 -CHOH-CH 2 - .
• R 4 is -C n H (2n+ i), where n is from 8 to 30, more preferably n is 12.
• the most preferred aliphatic R 4 is the dodecyl group, which is most preferably straight-chained.
• a ⁇ is phosphate, nitrate, sulfate or halide, most preferably chloride.
• z is 1 or 2, most preferably 1.
• the average substitution level of the hydrophobic substituent is from about 0.005 to about 0.3, more preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.2, more preferably from about 0.02 to about 0.15 mole or from about 0.01 to about 0.1 moles of substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit.
• the cationic nitrogen containing substituent basically has the formula (I) above, except that R 4 is now methyl or ethyl instead of a hydrophobic group.
• the average substitution level of the cationic substituent is from about 0.005 to about 0.7 moles of the substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit, preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.5 moles, more preferably from about 0.02 to about 0.35 moles, most preferably from about 0.025 to about 0.2 moles.
• Methods for derivatizing cellulose ethers to contain such cationic substituents are known to those skilled in the art, see for example, U.S. Patent No. 4,663,159.
• the quaternized cellulose ether is a hydroxyethyl cellulose ether.
• the hydroxyethyl cellulose ether has a 2 wt. % Brookf ⁇ eld viscosity greater than 500 cps, more preferably greater than 1000 cps, more preferably greater than 2000 cps, more preferably greater than 3000 cps, and most preferably greater than 4000 cps.
• this derivatized quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ether comprises fewer than 4000 anhydroglucose repeat units, has an average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents from about 0.005 to about 0.3 moles of substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit, and a nitrogen percentage from about 0.3 to about 3.0, provided that the average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents is less than the average substitution level of cationic substituents.
• Such a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ether has a relatively high molecular weight. It is well known in the art that higher molecular weight cellulose ethers tend to be stringy.
• the quaternized cellulose ether is of the formula (II):
• compositions of the invention provide greater thickening efficiency as compared to previous compositions.
• a concentration of about 0.02 % to about 1.0 % by weight, more preferably about 0.05 % to about 0.5 % by weight, of the quaternized cellulose ether of the invention based on the total weight of the personal care composition is used.
• Personal care refers to compositions that are to be topically applied to a person.
• personal care compositions include skin care and cosmetic products (e.g., facial cream, moisturizers, cleansers, lotions, night creams, sunscreens, tanning, foundation, mascara, eye-liner, lipstick, and the like), nail care products (such as polish and conditioners), toothcare products (e.g., toothpaste and rinses), and hair care products (including styling gels and hairsprays).
• skin care and cosmetic products e.g., facial cream, moisturizers, cleansers, lotions, night creams, sunscreens, tanning, foundation, mascara, eye-liner, lipstick, and the like
• nail care products such as polish and conditioners
• toothcare products e.g., toothpaste and rinses
• hair care products including styling gels and hairsprays.
• Examples of personal care actives include vitamins, silicone oils, sun screens, as well as solvents, diluents, and adjuvants such as water, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, higher alcohols, glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol, preservatives, surfactants, menthol, eucalyptus oil, other essential oils, fragrances or viscosity adjusters.
• Such personal care products are commercially available and known to those skilled in the art.
• the quaternized cellulose ethers described herein provide favorable rheological modification properties when formulated in personal care products, including high thickening efficiency at low concentrations with reduced viscosity loss with increasing temperature.
• the formulations containing these polymers also show reduced stringiness and improved spreadablity compared to other associative thickeners.
• the quaternized cellulose ethers also provide personal care products with improved skin and hair sensory appeal and lather performance (e.g., increased foam). Improved properties include improved softness, smoothness, silkiness, moisturizing, and/or wet and dry combing properties.
• the quaternized cellulose ethers of the present invention are cosmetically acceptable, that is, no more toxic, irritating, or unpleasant smelling when present in the amounts typically found in personal care compositions than any other typical personal care ingredients.
• the quaternized cellulose ethers of the present invention comprise both the hydrophobic substituent and the cationic substituent, advantageously in the preferred weight ranges disclosed above.
• the hydrophobic substituent and the cationic substituent can be reacted with the cellulose ether in any order or simultaneously in a known manner.
• the reaction is carried as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,407,919 or WO
• the molar ratio between the hydrophobic substituent and the anhydroglucose units of the cellulose ether is from 0.002 to 0.4, more preferably from 0.02 to 0.2.
• the molar ratio between the cationic substituent and the anhydroglucose units of the cellulose ether is from 0.05 to 2.0, more preferably from 0.2 to 0.7.
• the quaternized cellulose ethers which are used in the compositions and the methods of the present invention, derivatized quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose ethers, wherein the quaternized cellulose ether comprises fewer than 4000 anhydroglucose repeat units, and the average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents is less than the average substitution level of cationic substituents, have a different structure than commercially availible quaternized cellulose ethers.
• SOFTCATTM Polyquaternium-67 available from Amerchol Corporation, has more than 4000 anhydroglucose repeat units. This quaternized cellulose ether has been used in personal care products with great success in the past as a conditioner, however, it has not shown any rheological modification properties.
• the cationic associative polymer disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,673,124 specifically the quaternized laurylhydroxyethylcellulose which is sold under the name QUATRISOFT LM 200 by Amerchol Corporation, is a quaternized cellulose ether with fewer than 4000 anhydroglucose repeat units, however, it has an average substitution level of hydrophobic substituents that is equal to or greater than the average substitution level of cationic substituents. As shown in the attached examples, no rheological modification property has been observed for this polymer either.
• the quaternized cellulose ethers which are used in the present invention are typically water-soluble.
• water-soluble means that at least 1 gram, and preferably at least 2 grams of the cellulose ether derivative are soluble in 100 grams of distilled water at 25 0 C and 1 atmosphere.
• the extent of water- solubility can be varied by adjusting the extent of ether substitution on the cellulose ether and by adjusting the substitution level of the hydrophobic substituent and the cationic substituent. Techniques for varying the water solubility of cellulose ethers are known to those skilled in the art.
• Example 1 Quaternized cellulose ethers of the present invention are the result of combining the following components listed in TABLE 1 :
• HEC-I A hydroxyethyl cellulose having a viscosity of about 200 cps (mPas), about 500 anhydroglucose repeat units and an average number of moles of hydroxyethyl groups per mole of anhydroglucose unit, designated as M. S. (hydroxyethyl), of about 2.2.
• M. S. hydroxyethyl
• the molecular weight of the hydroxyethyl cellulose below is given as viscosity measured as a 5 weight percent aqueous solution at 25°C using a Brookfield LVT viscometer.
• This hydroxyethyl cellulose is commercially available as CELLOSIZETM QP-3L hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) from The Dow Chemical Company.
• HEC-2 A hydroxyethyl cellulose having a viscosity of about 500 cps (mPas), about 1500 anhydroglucose repeat units and an average number of moles of hydroxyethyl groups per mole of anhydroglucose unit, designated as M.S. (hydroxyethyl), of about 2.0.
• M.S. hydroxyethyl
• the molecular weight of the hydroxyethyl cellulose below is given in viscosity measured as a 2 weight percent aqueous solution at 25°C using a Brookfield LVT viscometer.
• This hydroxyethyl cellulose is commercially available as CELLOSIZETM QP-300 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) from The Dow Chemical Company.
• HEC-3 A hydroxyethyl cellulose having a viscosity of about 5000 cps (mPa's), about 2000 anhydroglucose repeat units and an average number of moles of hydroxyethyl groups per mole of anhydroglucose unit, designated as M.S. (hydroxyethyl), of about 2.0.
• M.S. hydroxyethyl
• the molecular weight of the hydroxyethyl cellulose below is given in viscosity measured as a 2 weight percent aqueous solution at 25°C using a Brookf ⁇ eld LVT viscometer.
• This hydroxyethyl cellulose is commercially available as CELLOSIZETM QP-4400 hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) from The Dow Chemical Company.
• Cationic substituent A 70 weight percent aqueous solution of 2,3- epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, commercially available from Degussa Corporation as QU ABTM 151. This contributes a cationic moeity to the cellulose ether.
• Hydrophobic substituent A 40 weight percent aqueous solution of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyldodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, commercially available from Degussa Corporation as QUABTM 342. This contributes one hydrophobic moeity and one cationic moeity to the cellulose ether.
• a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, condenser, addition funnels, and nitrogen supply is charged with HEC (as listed) and acetone or IPA.
• the system is purged with nitrogen.
• An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (for Batch 1, 4.9 g dry/0.12 mol) is added drop wise via syringe. After stirring for 30 minutes at ambient temperature, QUAB 342 is added drop wise. Then QUAB 151 is added drop wise.
• the slurry is heated to 55 0 C over 30 minutes. After holding for 3 hours, the slurry is cooled to less than 4O 0 C and neutralized with 2.7 g acetic acid.
• the slurry is transferred and washed three times with a mixture of 80 weight percent acetone and 20 weight percent water, once with a mixture of 90 weight percent isopropyl alcohol and 10 weight percent water, and once with acetone containing a small amount of glyoxal and acetic acid. After drying in a vacuum oven at about 30-35 0 C, the product is passed through a 30-mesh sieve screen and analyzed.
• Batches 1-7 can be represented by the formula (II) above, wherein n is about 500- 2000, x is chosen that the hydroxyethyl substitution M.S. is about 2.0 to 2.4 and y and z are chosen such that the batches have the levels of percent nitrogen and hydrophobic substitution (HS) listed in TABLE 2.
• Nitrogen content, % N The average weight percent of nitrogen per anhydroglucose repeat unit is determined analytically by using an automated Buchi Kjeldahl distillation unit and titrating with an automated titrimeter. The average number of moles of the hydrophobic substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit is designated as hydrophobic substitution (HS).
• the HS is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (IH-NMR, 400 MHz, sodium trimethylsilyl propionate as a standard and deuterium oxide as a solvent at room temperature).
• the average number of moles of the cationic substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit is designated as cationic substitution (CS) and is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (IH-NMR, 400 MHz, sodium trimethylsilyl propionate as a standard and deuterium oxide as a solvent at room temperature) and/or by calculating the difference between the total nitrogen content and the nitrogen content due to the HS.
• the HS was determined by %N for those examples in which only QUAB 342 was used and for the others where both QUAB 342 and QUAB 151 were used, the examples were run first with only QUAB 342 to determine the %N incorporation and the HS, and then the examples were run with both QUAB 342 and QUAB 151.
• the %N and CS from the QUAB 151 were calculated by subtracting the %N due to the QUAB 342 from the reference run from the total nitrogen.
• Viscosity 2 or 5 percent The viscosity of a 2 or 5 weight percent aqueous solution at 25°C is measured using a Brookf ⁇ eld LTV viscometer at 30 rpm (revolutions per minute) and spindle No. 2, 3, or 4. Unless otherwise indicated, viscosity is given in centipoises (cPs).
• compositions of the present invention include quaternized cellulose ethers from Example 1 , having the components recited in TABLE 3 :
• Example 5 Personal care compositions were made substantially according to the protocols of Examples 3 and 4, and were tested as noted.
• hydrophobically modified cationic HEC containing formulation can maintain viscosity much better than the DOE- 120 containing formulation at higher temperatures such as 40 0 C.
• the formulations were tested for product aesthetics by panel study. Four panelists were asked to give product aesthetics scores on these two formulations on 1-5 scale (5 being the best). Features such as ease-of- spreading and stringiness were part of the product aesthetics evaluation.
• the average score for Batch F was 4, while the average score for the comparative Batch G was 2, with Batch F showing a clear advantage in ease-of-spreading in particular.
• compositions of the present invention have the components recited in TABLE 9: "Deceth-3" is the polyethylene glycol ether of decyl alcohol, conforming to the formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) 8 CH 2 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) n OH (where n has an average value of 3), available from Sidobre Sinnova.
• Oxidation dye compositions are prepared by adding the oxidative developer to the oxidative dye precursor and shaking vigorously.
• the viscosities of the resulting dyeing compositions were measured at 25°C using a Brookfield LTV viscometer at 10 rpm (revolutions per minute) and spindle No. 4.
• the results illustrate that the polymer of the invention (Batch K) provided excellent thickening efficiency in the oxidation dye composition (viscosity 9600 cps), while GLUCAMATE LT (“LT”) showed no thickening benefit (1400 cps as compared to the control 2200 cps).
• QUATRISOFT LM-200 (“LM-200”) was significantly less efficient (6200 cps). Efficient thickening is an essential attribute of oxidative dye compositions, as it keeps the colorant product on the application area and prevents it from running onto the face or outside the desired color zones.
• compositions of the present invention have the components recited in TABLE 10:
• QP-100M is a commercially available hydroxyethyl cellulose polymer containing at least 5000 anhydroglucose units.
• the viscosity for QP-100MH is typically about 5,500 cps for a
• each recited range includes all combinations and subcombinations of ranges, as well as specific numerals contained therein. Additionally, the disclosures of each patent, patent application, and publication cited or described in this document are hereby incorporated herein by reference, in their entireties.

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