WO2008031907A1 - Underground dwelling - Google Patents

Underground dwelling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008031907A1
WO2008031907A1 PCT/ES2007/000515 ES2007000515W WO2008031907A1 WO 2008031907 A1 WO2008031907 A1 WO 2008031907A1 ES 2007000515 W ES2007000515 W ES 2007000515W WO 2008031907 A1 WO2008031907 A1 WO 2008031907A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panels
modules
underground housing
constituted
underground
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2007/000515
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008031907A8 (en
Inventor
Antonio Martinez Navarrete
Rafael Martinez Navarrete
Maximino Martinez Navarrete
Original Assignee
Biovivienda, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biovivienda, S.L. filed Critical Biovivienda, S.L.
Priority to JP2009527850A priority Critical patent/JP2010503782A/en
Priority to EA200900386A priority patent/EA200900386A1/en
Priority to MX2009002744A priority patent/MX2009002744A/en
Priority to US12/441,033 priority patent/US20110131897A1/en
Priority to BRPI0716894-2A2A priority patent/BRPI0716894A2/en
Priority to EP07822922A priority patent/EP2063049A1/en
Priority to CA002663491A priority patent/CA2663491A1/en
Publication of WO2008031907A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008031907A1/en
Publication of WO2008031907A8 publication Critical patent/WO2008031907A8/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
    • E04H9/12—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls entirely underneath the level of the ground, e.g. air-raid galleries

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to an underground dwelling, which has been specially conceived as if it were a natural cave but with the advantage of being obtained modularly and therefore with the particularity of being able to industrialize, which so far has not been possible to perform.
  • the object of the invention is to provide the market and the public in general with the possibility of acquiring an underground dwelling whose construction is carried out modularly or prefabricated, being mostly covered by the surrounding land where it is installed, as if it were A natural cave BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Artificial caves are known as the one described in the Spanish utility model No. 248,970, which is based on a layer of material resulting from both sides on a metal or other armor that is rigid and with a convenient shape.
  • a fibrous product paper, fabric, fabric, asbestos or cotton on the branch
  • a forging or thermoforming product glue, plaster, plaster, mud, thermosetting plastic
  • the underground dwelling object of the invention can be considered as a cave-dwelling, but obtained by means of three-dimensional modules that can form all or part of the dwelling, thus giving the industrializable character to it.
  • the three-dimensional module preferably of concrete, equipped with at least one opening as a means of access to its interior, being able to
  • This prefabricated module will be affected by window openings, chimney holes, vents, light sockets, etc., all in the case that the module will determine the entire house itself, since it can be formed by several modules attached or assembled conveniently with each other, preferably by means of complementary tongue and groove elements provided in their wall-mounted walls, since the modules can be placed laterally between each other or even overlapping to form a house with two or more rooms, or form a set of houses more than placing and attaching the necessary modules prior to excavation of the land.
  • one or more modules will be provided with the aforementioned holes for chimneys, vents, etc., and be provided with the appropriate opening for Being able to communicate with each other, when it comes to two or more modules of a home.
  • the module or modules of the dwelling or dwellings will be covered, with the exception of the wall with the access opening and windows, by a thick layer of earth, thereby favoring the thermal conditions in both summer and winter.
  • modules can be formed by panels conveniently joined together to form the walls and ceiling.
  • underground houses, cave type can be obtained in an industrialized way, since they use prefabricated modules that are located in a cave or hole excavated in a land with an appropriate orography to allow the module or modules to remain covered with the layer of natural earth corresponding to the land where the excavation and corresponding implementation of the modules has been carried out.
  • the modules are preferably made of concrete, it is not ruled out to be able to use any other type of appropriate material, such as sandwich panels, even fireproof insulating materials, polyurethane, etc.
  • the house whether formed by a single module or by several, can present the panel or panels that form the facade of greater height than the rest, said greater height determining a frontal barrier for possible landslides, preventing them from falling on said front or front part of the house.
  • the house can incorporate a couple of apses in correspondence with its sides, which are part of the house, constituting an extension of this one in addition to providing a more flattened appearance to the whole set, diminishing the effects that erosion can produce.
  • the joint between side panels can be carried out by tongue and groove, by welding, by fitting between the edges of the panels to be joined, by anchoring one panel over another, etc., with or without complementary elements that secure the anchor , such as screws, rivets and the like, while for fixing between the panels of the upper enclosure or ceiling, tongue and groove plates are used with anchoring means known as those referred to above, that is, screws, rivets, etc.
  • the module or modules can be fixed to the ground by means of concrete blocks or footings, conveniently established on the ground, which are equipped on their upper surface with metal plates on which they will be fixed, by welding, other complementary plates provided opposite and the effect on the underside of the panel or panels that constitute the base of the corresponding module or modules.
  • joints that establish the joints between panels will be complemented with a filler of putty or with another product or material that prevents the passage of particles, insects, damp, etc., that is, providing insulation and waterproofing of the interior of the modules with respect to the outside.
  • the underground dwelling object of the invention constitutes or can consider a cave-dwelling, which allows different use and applications, in multiple materials, sizes and appearance, with the appropriate elements of doors, windows and accessories that are necessary and desired, being its manufacture without surface limitation and being able to perform different heights with the structure project, adapting to each home.
  • the underground housing that constitutes a kind of cave-dwelling offers a high quality, is ecological and of great craftsmanship, of low cost and enormous simplicity.
  • Figure 1. It shows a sectional view of a module implanted in a hole excavated in a field, the access opening to the housing that will form said module being seen in one of the walls or panels, as well as an upper vertical duct that can correspond to a fireplace, a vent, etc.
  • Figure 2. Shows a schematic plan view of an example of modulation in which several modules collaterally interconnected to intervene to form a house or several rooms, including several houses attached between them.
  • Figure 3. Shows a front perspective view of an example of several houses formed by different modules implanted in an excavation of land.
  • Figure 4. Shows a front perspective view of another example of an underground dwelling made in accordance with the object of the invention, where it can observe how the facade panels have a greater height than the rest of the panels of the different rear modules of the house or houses in question.
  • Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8.- They show two details corresponding to other forms of collateral fixation between the panels of the modules corresponding to the dwelling or underground dwellings.
  • Figure 9. Shows a detail of a possible way of fixing between ceiling panels.
  • Figure 10. Shows a detail of a preferred way of fixing the panel or base panels of a module to the floor.
  • a three-dimensional module 1, preferably of concrete, which in itself can constitute a dwelling, can be observed, which includes a housing opening 2 of access to the interior of the module and therefore of the housing, as well as one or more holes located superiorly for vertical ducts 3 that can correspond to chimneys 4, to vents with natural light socket 5, etc., such that
  • the module 1 is implanted in an excavation carried out for this purpose in the field 6 counting on one or several walls or side faces with complementary coupling elements 7 and 7 ', which in one case can be male and in another female, for the coupling between the adjacent modules, coupling that can be tongue and groove under that male and female configuration of the coupling means 7 and 7 'commented.
  • the housing obtained based on the three-dimensional module 1 can have several rooms, for which several modules 1 or even vertically will be coupled collaterally to each other, that is, at different heights, being able to see in figure 2 an example of modulation formed specifically by four equal modules 1 arranged in an arc or in a broken way, with the intersection of 1 'triangular modules to form that broken or arched path, forming what could be considered as a multi-room dwelling, or several semi-detached and collaterally coupled to each other through the complementary coupling means 7-7' provided on the walls sides thereof, that is, modules I and I 1 .
  • Figure 3 shows an example corresponding to a perspective of the implantation of several modules 1 located in an excavation or excavations carried out for this purpose in the field 6, according to special configurations in the configuration of said modules 1, being able to observe in one of they a gateway
  • Figure 4 shows an underground dwelling obtained in accordance with what has been described above, including a facade 10, an upper enclosure 11 and a covering 12 that can correspond to the terrain 6 of Figure 3, counting the facade 10 with the corresponding opening 13 for the access door to the interior, as well as the gaps for the windows 9 '.
  • the panels of the facade 10 have a greater height than the rest of the panels, that is, protruding from the upper enclosure 11 to form a barrier that prevents landslides from accessing precisely that facade or previous part of the house.
  • connection between ceiling panels 21 and 21 ' can be carried out by means of a tongue and groove 22 with the complement of anchoring elements 23 similar to the anchors 10 referred to above and provided in the joint of the side panels of figure 6.
  • connection of the base panel 24 of a module to the floor 25 is carried out by means of metal plates 26 provided on the upper surface of a shoe 27 established for this purpose on the floor 25, while the lower surface of the base panel 24 of the
  • the module has other metal parts 26 'facing the pieces 26 and complementary to them to be fixed with each other by welding, thus the module being perfectly secured by its base to the shoes 27 of the floor 25.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a dwelling formed by one or more preferably concrete three-dimensional modules (1 and 1') which are provided with complementary coupling means (7 and 7') so that the modules can be positioned side by side and/or on top of one another in order to form a dwelling with several rooms or even several dwellings. The invention includes an access (2) to the interior, windows (9) and ports for pipes (3) for chimneys (4), vents and lighting outlets (5). The constituent modules (1 and 1') of the dwelling(s) are installed in a trench or cave formed in suitable terrain (6) and, except for the access wall containing the door (8) and/or the windows (9), are covered completely with natural soil corresponding to the terrain (6) excavated in order to install the modules (1 and 1') and the dwelling(s).

Description

VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN UNDERGROUND HOUSING OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención, se refiere a una vivienda subterránea, que ha sido especialmente concebida como si se tratara de una cueva natural pero con la ventaja de obtenerse modularmente y por lo tanto con la particularidad de poderse industrializar, lo que hasta el momento no ha sido posible realizar.The present invention refers to an underground dwelling, which has been specially conceived as if it were a natural cave but with the advantage of being obtained modularly and therefore with the particularity of being able to industrialize, which so far has not been possible to perform.
El objeto de la invención es proporcionar al mercado y público en general la posibilidad de adquirir una vivienda subterránea cuya edificación se realiza modularmente o de forma prefabricada, quedando cubierta en su mayor parte por la tierra del entorno donde se instale, como si se tratara de una cueva natural. ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNThe object of the invention is to provide the market and the public in general with the possibility of acquiring an underground dwelling whose construction is carried out modularly or prefabricated, being mostly covered by the surrounding land where it is installed, as if it were A natural cave BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Se conocen cuevas artificiales como la descrita en el modelo de utilidad español n° 248.970, que se basa en que sobre una armadura metálica o de otro tipo que resulte rígida y con una forma conveniente, se aplica por ambas caras una capa de material resultante de mezclar un producto fibroso (papel, tela, tejido, amianto o algodón en rama) con un producto fraguante o termofraguante (cola, escayola, yeso, barro, plástico termoendurente) obteniéndose así un cuerpo hueco, irregular en su forma, abierto frontalmente y con partes salientes y entrantes que simulan rocas, e incluso estalactitas y estalagmitas, todo ello conformando un cuerpo que simula una cueva artificial .Artificial caves are known as the one described in the Spanish utility model No. 248,970, which is based on a layer of material resulting from both sides on a metal or other armor that is rigid and with a convenient shape. Mix a fibrous product (paper, fabric, fabric, asbestos or cotton on the branch) with a forging or thermoforming product (glue, plaster, plaster, mud, thermosetting plastic), thus obtaining a hollow body, irregular in shape, open frontally and with outgoing and incoming parts that simulate rocks, and even stalactites and stalagmites, all forming a body that simulates an artificial cave.
Dicho tipo de cueva, aunque está previsto para materializarse en distintos tamaños, su aplicación se reduce a la decorativa, pero nunca pensada ni constituida para poder ser utilizada como vivienda. No obstante, se conocen cuevas naturales que incluso se utilizan como vivienda, aunque están muy limitadas en numerosos aspectos de utilización, ya que están realizadas por simple excavación del terreno y por lo tanto no industrializables .This type of cave, although it is intended to materialize in different sizes, its application is reduced to the decorative, but never intended or constituted to be used as housing. However, natural caves are known that are even used as housing, although they are very limited in many aspects of use, since they are made by simple excavation of the land and therefore not industrializable.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La vivienda subterránea objeto de la invención puede considerarse como una vivienda-cueva, pero obtenida mediante módulos tridimensionales que pueden formar la totalidad o una parte de la vivienda, dando asi el carácter industrializable a ésta.The underground dwelling object of the invention can be considered as a cave-dwelling, but obtained by means of three-dimensional modules that can form all or part of the dwelling, thus giving the industrializable character to it.
En tal sentido, sobre una zona de terreno elevado, se realiza una excavación o caverna que será debidamente acondicionada y sobre la misma se ubica el módulo tridimensional, preferentemente de hormigón, dotado de al menos una abertura como medio de acceso a su interior, pudiendo ese módulo prefabricado estar afectado de huecos de ventanas, orificios para chimeneas, respiraderos, tomas de luz, etc., todo ello en el caso de que el módulo vaya a determinar en si mismo la totalidad de la vivienda, ya que ésta puede formarse por varios módulos unidos o ensamblados convenientemente entre si, preferentemente mediante elementos complementarios de machihembrado previstos en sus paredes adosables, pues los módulos pueden colocarse lateralmente entre si o incluso superpuestos para formar una vivienda de dos o más estancias, o bien formar un conjunto de viviendas sin más que colocar y acoplar los módulos necesarios previa excavación del terreno. En todos los casos, uno o más módulos irán dotados de los comentados orificios para chimeneas, respiraderos, etc., y estar dotados de la abertura oportuna para poderse comunicar entre ellos, cuando se trata de dos o más módulos de una vivienda.In this sense, on an area of high ground, an excavation or cavern is carried out that will be properly conditioned and on it there is located the three-dimensional module, preferably of concrete, equipped with at least one opening as a means of access to its interior, being able to This prefabricated module will be affected by window openings, chimney holes, vents, light sockets, etc., all in the case that the module will determine the entire house itself, since it can be formed by several modules attached or assembled conveniently with each other, preferably by means of complementary tongue and groove elements provided in their wall-mounted walls, since the modules can be placed laterally between each other or even overlapping to form a house with two or more rooms, or form a set of houses more than placing and attaching the necessary modules prior to excavation of the land. In all cases, one or more modules will be provided with the aforementioned holes for chimneys, vents, etc., and be provided with the appropriate opening for Being able to communicate with each other, when it comes to two or more modules of a home.
El módulo o módulos de la vivienda o viviendas, estarán cubiertos, a excepción de la pared con la abertura de acceso y ventanas, por una gruesa capa de tierra, favoreciendo con ello las condiciones térmicas tanto en verano como en invierno.The module or modules of the dwelling or dwellings, will be covered, with the exception of the wall with the access opening and windows, by a thick layer of earth, thereby favoring the thermal conditions in both summer and winter.
Es evidente que los módulos pueden estar formados por paneles convenientemente solidarizados entre sí para formar las paredes y techo.It is evident that the modules can be formed by panels conveniently joined together to form the walls and ceiling.
También es evidente que mediante la solución descrita se pueden obtener viviendas subterráneas, tipo cueva, de forma industrializada, ya que utilizan módulos prefabricados que se ubican en una caverna o hueco excavado en un terreno con una orografía apropiada para permitir que el módulo o módulos queden cubiertos con la capa de tierra natural correspondiente al terreno donde se haya realizado la excavación y correspondiente implantación de los módulos. Aunque los módulos sean preferentemente fabricados en hormigón, no se descarta poder utilizar cualquier otro tipo de material apropiado, tal como paneles tipo sandwich, de materiales aislantes incluso ignífugos, de poliuretano, etc. La vivienda, ya esté formada por un solo módulo o por varios, puede presentar el panel o paneles que forman la fachada de mayor altura que el resto, determinando dicha mayor altura una barrera frontal para posibles corrimientos de tierras, impidiendo que éstas caigan sobre dicha fachada o parte anterior de la vivienda.It is also evident that by means of the described solution, underground houses, cave type, can be obtained in an industrialized way, since they use prefabricated modules that are located in a cave or hole excavated in a land with an appropriate orography to allow the module or modules to remain covered with the layer of natural earth corresponding to the land where the excavation and corresponding implementation of the modules has been carried out. Although the modules are preferably made of concrete, it is not ruled out to be able to use any other type of appropriate material, such as sandwich panels, even fireproof insulating materials, polyurethane, etc. The house, whether formed by a single module or by several, can present the panel or panels that form the facade of greater height than the rest, said greater height determining a frontal barrier for possible landslides, preventing them from falling on said front or front part of the house.
Asimismo, la vivienda puede incorporar una pareja de ábsides en correspondencia con sus laterales, los cuales forman parte de la vivienda, constituyendo una ampliación de ésta además de proporcionar un aspecto más aplanado a todo el conjunto, disminuyendo los efectos que puede producir la erosión.Also, the house can incorporate a couple of apses in correspondence with its sides, which are part of the house, constituting an extension of this one in addition to providing a more flattened appearance to the whole set, diminishing the effects that erosion can produce.
También se ha previsto que la unión entre paneles laterales se pueda realizar por machihembrado, por soldadura, por encaje entre los bordes de los paneles a unir, por anclaje de un panel sobre otro, etc., con o sin elementos complementarios que afiancen el anclaje, como pueden ser tornillos, remaches y similares, mientras que para la fijación entre los paneles del cerramiento superior o techo se recurre a placas machihembradas con medios de anclaje conocidos como los anteriormente referidos, es decir, tornillos, remaches, etc.It has also been foreseen that the joint between side panels can be carried out by tongue and groove, by welding, by fitting between the edges of the panels to be joined, by anchoring one panel over another, etc., with or without complementary elements that secure the anchor , such as screws, rivets and the like, while for fixing between the panels of the upper enclosure or ceiling, tongue and groove plates are used with anchoring means known as those referred to above, that is, screws, rivets, etc.
La fijación del módulo o módulos al suelo se puede realizar mediante unos macizos o zapatas de hormigón, establecidas convenientemente sobre el terreno, las cuales están dotadas en su superficie superior de placas metálicas sobre las que se fijarán, mediante soldadura, otras placas complementarias previstas enfrentadamente y el efecto en la cara inferior del panel o paneles que constituyen la base del módulo o módulos correspondientes .The module or modules can be fixed to the ground by means of concrete blocks or footings, conveniently established on the ground, which are equipped on their upper surface with metal plates on which they will be fixed, by welding, other complementary plates provided opposite and the effect on the underside of the panel or panels that constitute the base of the corresponding module or modules.
Finalmente, decir que las juntas que establecen las uniones entre paneles se complementarán con un relleno de masilla o con otro producto o material que evite el paso de partículas, insectos, humedades, etc., es decir, proporcionando un aislamiento e impermeabilización del interior de los módulos con respecto al exterior.Finally, say that the joints that establish the joints between panels will be complemented with a filler of putty or with another product or material that prevents the passage of particles, insects, damp, etc., that is, providing insulation and waterproofing of the interior of the modules with respect to the outside.
La vivienda subterránea objeto de la invención, constituye o que puede considerar una vivienda-cueva, que permite uso y aplicaciones diferentes, en múltiples materiales, tamaños y aspecto, con los elementos de puertas, ventanas y accesorios apropiados que sean necesarios y se deseen, siendo su fabricación sin limitación de superficie y pudiéndose realizar diferentes alturas con el proyecto de estructura, adecuándose a cada vivienda . La vivienda subterránea que constituye un especie de vivienda-cueva, ofrece una gran calidad, resulta ecológica y de gran artesanía, de bajo coste y enorme simplicidad.The underground dwelling object of the invention constitutes or can consider a cave-dwelling, which allows different use and applications, in multiple materials, sizes and appearance, with the appropriate elements of doors, windows and accessories that are necessary and desired, being its manufacture without surface limitation and being able to perform different heights with the structure project, adapting to each home. The underground housing that constitutes a kind of cave-dwelling, offers a high quality, is ecological and of great craftsmanship, of low cost and enormous simplicity.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS Para complementar la descripción que seguidamente se va a realizar y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva de un juego de planos en base a cuyos dibujos se comprenderán más fácilmente las innovaciones y ventajas de la vivienda subterránea objeto de la invención.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complement the description that is going to be carried out below and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, the present descriptive report of a set of drawings based on whose drawings will be more fully understood Easily innovations and advantages of underground housing object of the invention.
Figura 1.- Muestra una vista en sección de un módulo implantado en un hueco excavado en un terreno, viéndose en una de las paredes o paneles la abertura de acceso a la vivienda que formará dicho módulo, así como un conducto vertical superior que puede corresponder a una chimenea, un respiradero, etc.Figure 1.- It shows a sectional view of a module implanted in a hole excavated in a field, the access opening to the housing that will form said module being seen in one of the walls or panels, as well as an upper vertical duct that can correspond to a fireplace, a vent, etc.
Figura 2.- Muestra una vista en planta esquemática de un ejemplo de modulación en el que intervienen varios módulos acoplados colateralmente entre sí para formar una vivienda o varias estancias, incluso varias viviendas adosadas entre ellas.Figure 2.- Shows a schematic plan view of an example of modulation in which several modules collaterally interconnected to intervene to form a house or several rooms, including several houses attached between them.
Figura 3.- Muestra una vista en perspectiva frontal de un ejemplo de varias viviendas formadas por diferentes módulos implantados en una excavación de terreno.Figure 3.- Shows a front perspective view of an example of several houses formed by different modules implanted in an excavation of land.
Figura 4.- Muestra una vista en perspectiva frontal de otro ejemplo de una vivienda subterránea realizada de acuerdo con el objeto de la invención, en donde puede observarse como los paneles de fachada presentan una mayor altura que el resto de los paneles de los distintos módulos posteriores de la vivienda o viviendas en cuestión. Figuras 5, 6, 7 y 8.- Muestran sendos detalles correspondientes a otras tantas formas de fijación colateral entre los paneles de los módulos correspondientes a la vivienda o viviendas subterráneas .Figure 4.- Shows a front perspective view of another example of an underground dwelling made in accordance with the object of the invention, where it can observe how the facade panels have a greater height than the rest of the panels of the different rear modules of the house or houses in question. Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8.- They show two details corresponding to other forms of collateral fixation between the panels of the modules corresponding to the dwelling or underground dwellings.
Figura 9.- Muestra un detalle de una posible forma de fijación entre paneles de techo.Figure 9.- Shows a detail of a possible way of fixing between ceiling panels.
Figura 10.- Muestra un detalle de una forma preferente de fijación del panel o paneles de base de un módulo al suelo.Figure 10.- Shows a detail of a preferred way of fixing the panel or base panels of a module to the floor.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN A la vista de las comentadas figuras, y haciendo alusión concretamente a las figuras 1, 2 y 3, puede observarse un módulo tridimensional 1, preferentemente de hormigón, que por si mismo puede constituir una vivienda, el cual incluye una abertura 2 de acceso al interior del módulo y por tanto de la vivienda, así como uno o más orificios situados superiormente para conductos verticales 3 que pueden corresponder a chimeneas 4, a respiraderos con toma de luz natural 5, etc., de manera tal que el módulo 1 se implanta en una excavación realizada al efecto en el terreno 6 contando en una o varias paredes o caras laterales con elementos de acoplamiento complementarios 7 y 7 ' , que en un caso pueden ser macho y en otro hembra, para el acoplamiento entre los módulos adyacentes, acoplamiento que puede ser machihembrado en virtud de esa configuración macho y hembra de los medios de acoplamiento 7 y 7 ' comentados .PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION In view of the aforementioned figures, and specifically referring to figures 1, 2 and 3, a three-dimensional module 1, preferably of concrete, which in itself can constitute a dwelling, can be observed, which includes a housing opening 2 of access to the interior of the module and therefore of the housing, as well as one or more holes located superiorly for vertical ducts 3 that can correspond to chimneys 4, to vents with natural light socket 5, etc., such that The module 1 is implanted in an excavation carried out for this purpose in the field 6 counting on one or several walls or side faces with complementary coupling elements 7 and 7 ', which in one case can be male and in another female, for the coupling between the adjacent modules, coupling that can be tongue and groove under that male and female configuration of the coupling means 7 and 7 'commented.
La vivienda obtenida en base al módulo tridimensional 1, puede tener varias estancias, para lo cual se acoplarán colateralmente entre sí varios módulos 1 o incluso en vertical, es decir, a distintas alturas, pudiéndose ver en la figura 2 un ejemplo de modulación formado concretamente por cuatro módulos iguales 1 dispuestos en arco o de forma quebrada, con la intersección de módulos triangulares 1 ' para formar esa trayectoria quebrada o arqueada, formando lo que pude considerarse como una vivienda de varias estancias, o bien varias viviendas adosadas y acopladas colateralmente entre sí a través de los medios de acoplamiento complementarios 7-7 ' previstos en las paredes laterales de las mismas, es decir, de los módulos I y I1.The housing obtained based on the three-dimensional module 1, can have several rooms, for which several modules 1 or even vertically will be coupled collaterally to each other, that is, at different heights, being able to see in figure 2 an example of modulation formed specifically by four equal modules 1 arranged in an arc or in a broken way, with the intersection of 1 'triangular modules to form that broken or arched path, forming what could be considered as a multi-room dwelling, or several semi-detached and collaterally coupled to each other through the complementary coupling means 7-7' provided on the walls sides thereof, that is, modules I and I 1 .
Como es evidente, los módulos 1 y en su caso los módulos 1' serán módulos prefabricados, preferentemente de hormigón, sin descartar otros materiales apropiados, constituyendo en cualquier caso una vivienda subterránea tipo cueva al quedar el módulo o módulos cubiertos por tierra natural del terreno 6 donde se ha realizado la excavación para la implantación subterránea tipo cueva. En la figura 3 se muestra un ejemplo correspondiente a una perspectiva de la implantación de varios módulos 1 ubicados en una excavación o excavaciones realizadas al efecto en el terreno 6, según unas configuraciones especiales en la configuración de dichos módulos 1, pudiéndose observar en uno de ellos una puerta de accesoAs is evident, modules 1 and, where appropriate, modules 1 'will be prefabricated modules, preferably of concrete, without discarding other appropriate materials, constituting in any case an underground cave-like dwelling when the module or modules are covered by natural land of the land 6 where excavation for underground cave-type implantation has been carried out. Figure 3 shows an example corresponding to a perspective of the implantation of several modules 1 located in an excavation or excavations carried out for this purpose in the field 6, according to special configurations in the configuration of said modules 1, being able to observe in one of they a gateway
8 que estará emplazada en el correspondiente hueco o abertura 2 del módulo 1, contando igualmente con ventanas8 which will be located in the corresponding recess or opening 2 of module 1, also having windows
9 previstas en otras aberturas establecidas igualmente en el módulo prefabricado 1 correspondiente, viéndose también en esta figura 3 las chimeneas 4 que corresponden a los conductos 3 de la figura 1, y respiraderos o tomas de luz 5 establecidos en esos conductos 3, todo ello de manera tal que cuando los módulos se adosan entre sí, como se ve en la figura 2, o incluso en la figura 3, si se trata de una única vivienda, serán cerrados o únicamente tendrán la abertura 2 para la correspondiente puerta de acceso 8, mientras que si corresponde a una o varias estancias de una misma vivienda, esos módulos tendrán aberturas para poderse comunicar entre sí los mismos o comunicar las distintas estancias de la vivienda.9 provided in other openings also established in the corresponding prefabricated module 1, also seeing in this figure 3 the chimneys 4 corresponding to the ducts 3 of Figure 1, and vents or sockets 5 established in those ducts 3, all of so that when the modules are attached to each other, as seen in figure 2, or even in figure 3, if it is a single dwelling, they will be closed or they will only have the opening 2 for the corresponding access door 8, while if it corresponds to one or several rooms of a same housing, these modules will have openings to be able to communicate with each other or communicate the different rooms of the house.
En la figura 4 se muestra una vivienda subterránea obtenida de acuerdo con lo descrito anteriormente, incluyendo una fachada 10, un cerramiento superior 11 y un recubrimiento 12 que puede corresponder al propio terreno 6 de la figura 3, contando la fachada 10 con la correspondiente abertura 13 para la puerta de acceso al interior, así como los huecos para las ventanas 9'.Figure 4 shows an underground dwelling obtained in accordance with what has been described above, including a facade 10, an upper enclosure 11 and a covering 12 that can correspond to the terrain 6 of Figure 3, counting the facade 10 with the corresponding opening 13 for the access door to the interior, as well as the gaps for the windows 9 '.
En esta figura 4, los paneles de la fachada 10 presentan una mayor altura que el resto de lo paneles, es decir, que sobresalen respecto del cerramiento superior 11 para formar una barrera que impide que los corrimientos de tierra puedan acceder precisamente a esa fachada o parte anterior de la vivienda.In this figure 4, the panels of the facade 10 have a greater height than the rest of the panels, that is, protruding from the upper enclosure 11 to form a barrier that prevents landslides from accessing precisely that facade or previous part of the house.
Lateralmente presenta uno ábsides 14 que además de dotar de mayor planitud al aspecto general de la vivienda, proporcionan una ampliación de la misma y una protección contra la erosión.Laterally, there is one apse 14 that, in addition to providing greater flatness to the overall appearance of the house, provides an extension of the same and protection against erosion.
En cuanto a las uniones entre los distintos paneles laterales, referenciados en las figuras 5, 6, 7 y 8, con los números 15 y 15 ' , puede realizarse de muy distintas maneras . Así, en la figura 5, puede verse como los paneles 15 y 15' incluyen un doble escalonamiento en zig-zag 16 que determina un medio de acoplamiento o unión entre sí de tales paneles. Sin embargo, en la figura 6 puede observarse como esos paneles 15 y 15' se unen mediante alojamiento del borde superior del panel 15 en un canal 17 establecido en el panel 15', afianzándose su acoplamiento o fijación mediante elementos de anclaje 18, tales como tornillos, remaches o similares.As for the joints between the different side panels, referenced in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8, with the numbers 15 and 15 ', it can be done in very different ways. Thus, in Figure 5, it can be seen how panels 15 and 15 'include a double zig-zag step 16 that determines a means of coupling or joining each other of such panels. However, in Figure 6 it can be seen how those panels 15 and 15 'are joined by housing the upper edge of the panel 15 in a channel 17 established in the panel 15', their coupling or fixation being secured by means of anchoring elements 18, such as screws, rivets or the like.
En la figura 7 puede observarse como los paneles 15 y 15' están fijados mediante soldadura 19, mientras que en la figura 8 la unión se realiza por elementos de anclaje 20 que son pasantes, por ejemplo, por el panel 15' y que emergen o se fijan en el panel 15 o viceversa.In Figure 7 it can be seen how the panels 15 and 15 'are fixed by welding 19, while in Figure 8 the connection is made by anchoring elements 20 that are through, for example, by the panel 15' and emerging or They are fixed on panel 15 or vice versa.
Por su parte, la unión entre paneles de techo 21 y 21 ', como se representa en la figura 9, puede realizarse mediante un machihembrado 22 con el complemento de elementos de anclaje 23 similares a los anclajes 10 anteriormente referidos y previstos en la unión de los paneles laterales de la figura 6.On the other hand, the connection between ceiling panels 21 and 21 ', as shown in Figure 9, can be carried out by means of a tongue and groove 22 with the complement of anchoring elements 23 similar to the anchors 10 referred to above and provided in the joint of the side panels of figure 6.
Finalmente, la unión del panel de base 24 de un módulo al suelo 25, se realiza mediante placas metálicas 26 previstas en la superficie superior de una zapata 27 establecida al efecto en el suelo 25, mientras que la superficie inferior del panel de base 24 del módulo presenta otras piezas metálicas 26' enfrentadas a las piezas 26 y complementarias a éstas para fijarse entre sí mediante soldadura, quedando así perfectamente afianzado el módulo por su base a las zapatas 27 del suelo 25. Finally, the connection of the base panel 24 of a module to the floor 25 is carried out by means of metal plates 26 provided on the upper surface of a shoe 27 established for this purpose on the floor 25, while the lower surface of the base panel 24 of the The module has other metal parts 26 'facing the pieces 26 and complementary to them to be fixed with each other by welding, thus the module being perfectly secured by its base to the shoes 27 of the floor 25.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, que estando prevista para su implantación en una excavación realizada en un terreno apropiado, se caracteriza porque se constituye mediante uno o más módulos (1 y 1') tridimensionales, preferentemente de hormigón, dotados de, al menos, una abertura (2-13) de acceso a su interior o para su comunicación con otro u otros módulos adyacentes, así como orificios y/o conductos 3 para chimeneas (4), respiraderos o ventanas de toma de luz natural (5) ; habiéndose previsto que cada módulo (1 y I1) incluya en una o más paredes del mismo medios complementarios de acoplamiento (7-7') para su unión con otro u otros módulos adyacentes en orden a formar una vivienda con más de una estancia o varias viviendas adosadas entre sí, quedando el módulo o módulos (I y I1), a excepción de la abertura de acceso (2-13) , y en su caso de las ventanas (9) , cubiertos por la capa de tierra correspondiente al terreno excavado y de implantación. 1.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, which being planned for its implantation in an excavation carried out in an appropriate terrain, is characterized in that it is constituted by one or more three-dimensional modules (1 and 1 '), preferably of concrete, equipped with at least one opening (2-13) of access to its interior or for communication with another or other adjacent modules, as well as holes and / or ducts 3 for chimneys (4), vents or windows for natural light (5); having provided that each module (1 and I 1 ) includes in one or more walls of the same complementary coupling means (7-7 ') for its union with another or other adjacent modules in order to form a dwelling with more than one room or several houses attached to each other, leaving the module or modules (I and I 1 ), with the exception of the access opening (2-13), and where appropriate the windows (9), covered by the layer of earth corresponding to the excavated and implantation land.
2.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicación 1, caracterizada porque los medios de acoplamiento (7-7 ') entre módulos (1 y 1') están constituidos preferentemente por salientes y entrantes complementarios de machihembrado . 2.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling means (7-7 ') between modules (1 and 1') are preferably constituted by complementary projections and recesses of tongue and groove.
3.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque el módulo o módulos (1 y 1') son prefabricados.3.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to previous claims, characterized in that the module or modules (1 and 1 ') are prefabricated.
4.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque los módulos (1 y 1') son susceptibles de acoplarse colateramente entre si o superpuestos en vertical para formar una vivienda con varias estancias en la misma o en distintas plantas, o bien para formar varias viviendas adosadas colateralmente o superpuestas con distintas estructuras.4.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to previous claims, characterized in that the modules (1 and 1 ') are capable of collaterally engaging with each other or superimposed vertically to form a house with several rooms in the same or on different floors, or either to form several houses collaterally or overlapping with different structures.
5.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizada porque los paneles que forman la fachada (10) presentan mayor altura que el resto de paneles, determinando una barrera de contención ante posibles corrimientos de tierra, habiéndose previsto medios de unión para paneles laterales (15 y 15'), así como medios de unión para paneles (21 y 21') del cerramiento superior o techo, y medios de unión del panel o paneles de base (24) sobre el suelo (25)5.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to previous claims, characterized in that the panels that form the facade (10) have a greater height than the rest of the panels, determining a containment barrier against possible landslides, joining means for side panels ( 15 and 15 '), as well as joining means for panels (21 and 21') of the upper enclosure or ceiling, and joining means of the panel or base panels (24) on the ground (25)
6.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicación 5, caracterizada porque sobre los laterales de la vivienda se han previsto sendos ábsides (14) formando parte de la propia vivienda, contribuyendo a proporcionar un aspecto más aplanado al conjunto.6.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claim 5, characterized in that apses (14) are provided on the sides of the house, forming part of the house itself, contributing to provide a more flattened appearance to the whole.
7.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones 5 y7.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claims 5 and
6, caracterizada porque los medios de unión entre paneles6, characterized in that the joining means between panels
(15 y 15') están constituidos por conformaciones escalonadas complementarias (16) previstas en los bordes de los propios paneles (15 y 15')(15 and 15 ') are constituted by complementary stepped conformations (16) provided on the edges of the panels themselves (15 and 15')
8.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones 5 y 6, caracterizada porque los medios de unión entre paneles (15 y 15'), están constituidos por una conformación acanalada (17) establecida en un panel para anclaje del borde correspondiente a otro panel destinado a unirse con el anterior.8.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the joining means between panels (15 and 15 '), are constituted by a ribbed conformation (17) established in a panel for anchoring the edge corresponding to another panel destined to Join with the previous one.
9.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones 5 y 6, caracterizada porque los medios de unión de paneles (15 y 15 ' ) están constituidos por medios de anclaje tales como tornillos, remaches y similares (20) .9.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the joining means of panels (15 and 15 ') are constituted by anchoring means such as screws, rivets and the like (20).
10.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones 5 y 6, caracterizada porque los medios de unión entre paneles laterales (15 y 15') están constituidos por soldadura (19) , sobre chapas metálicas previstas en los bordes de enfrentamiento de tales paneles (15 y 15 ' ) .10.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the joining means between Side panels (15 and 15 ') are constituted by welding (19), on metal sheets provided on the facing edges of such panels (15 and 15').
11.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones 7 a 10, caracterizada porque los medios de unión son susceptibles de complementarse con elementos de anclaje11.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the joining means are capable of being complemented with anchoring elements
(18) que fortalecen la unión o sujeción entre paneles(18) that strengthen the joint or clamping between panels
(15 y 15') .(15 and 15 ').
12.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones 5 y 6, caracterizada porque lo medios de unión entre paneles (21 y 21') del cerramiento superior o techo, están constituidos por conformaciones complementarias de machihembrado (22), establecidas en los cantos de enfrentamiento o unión de los paneles (21 y 21'), siendo susceptibles de complementarse con elementos de anclaje12.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the means of joining between panels (21 and 21 ') of the upper enclosure or ceiling, are constituted by complementary conformations of tongue and groove (22), established in the facing edges or joining of the panels (21 and 21 '), being able to complement with anchoring elements
(5) para potenciar la fijación correspondiente.(5) to enhance the corresponding fixation.
13.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones 5 y 6, caracterizada porque los medios de unión del panel o paneles de base (24) al suelo (25) están constituidos por soldadura entre placas metálicas (26 y 26'), previstas enfrentadamente en la superficie superior de una zapata (27) establecida en el suelo (25) , y en la cara interior del panel o paneles de base (24) .13.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the means of joining the panel or base panels (24) to the ground (25) are constituted by welding between metal plates (26 and 26 '), provided oppositely in the upper surface of a shoe (27) established on the ground (25), and on the inside of the panel or base panels (24).
14.- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicaciones 5 a 13, caracterizada porque se incluyen medios de sellado de las uniones entre paneles (15-15', 21-21' y 24-27) para establecer un aislamiento entre el interior y el exterior.14.- UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claims 5 to 13, characterized in that sealing means of the joints between panels (15-15 ', 21-21' and 24-27) are included to establish an insulation between the interior and the exterior.
15,- VIVIENDA SUBTERRÁNEA, según reivindicación 14, caracterizada porque los medios de sellado están formados por masilla, silicona, espuma o similares. 15, - UNDERGROUND HOUSING, according to claim 14, characterized in that the sealing means are formed by putty, silicone, foam or the like.
PCT/ES2007/000515 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Underground dwelling WO2008031907A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009527850A JP2010503782A (en) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Underground dwelling
EA200900386A EA200900386A1 (en) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 UNDERGROUND HOUSING
MX2009002744A MX2009002744A (en) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Underground dwelling.
US12/441,033 US20110131897A1 (en) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Underground dwelling
BRPI0716894-2A2A BRPI0716894A2 (en) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 UNDERGROUND HOUSING FOR INSTALLATION IN AN APPROPRIATE LAND EXCAVATED PLACE.
EP07822922A EP2063049A1 (en) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Underground dwelling
CA002663491A CA2663491A1 (en) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Underground dwelling

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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ESP200602324 2006-09-13
ES200602324A ES2301383B1 (en) 2006-09-13 2006-09-13 UNDERGROUND HOUSING.
ESP200700772 2007-03-23
ES200700772A ES2310472B1 (en) 2006-09-13 2007-03-23 IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PATENT OF INVENTION N P 200602324, BY: UNDERGROUND HOUSING.

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WO2008031907A1 true WO2008031907A1 (en) 2008-03-20
WO2008031907A8 WO2008031907A8 (en) 2009-02-19

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JP (1) JP2010503782A (en)
CN (1) CN101535581A (en)
AR (1) AR062780A1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0716894A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2663491A1 (en)
EA (1) EA200900386A1 (en)
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ES2396519B1 (en) * 2012-09-05 2013-12-26 Jaime VEGA-HAZAS REBOLLO Prefabricated semi-underground energy-efficient building
RU174314U1 (en) * 2017-04-03 2017-10-11 Юрий Вячеславович Орельский UNDERGROUND MODULE
CN107905806B (en) * 2017-11-15 2023-08-29 长安大学 Device for improving cave dwelling performance and installation method thereof

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MA30770B1 (en) 2009-10-01
ES2301383B1 (en) 2009-04-01
EA200900386A1 (en) 2009-08-28
AR062780A1 (en) 2008-12-03
CA2663491A1 (en) 2008-03-20
MX2009002744A (en) 2009-03-26
ES2310472B1 (en) 2009-11-10
ES2301383A1 (en) 2008-06-16
EP2063049A1 (en) 2009-05-27
CN101535581A (en) 2009-09-16
WO2008031907A8 (en) 2009-02-19
ES2310472A1 (en) 2009-01-01
BRPI0716894A2 (en) 2013-10-22
US20110131897A1 (en) 2011-06-09
JP2010503782A (en) 2010-02-04

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