WO2008009451A1

WO2008009451A1 - Highly elastic rail fastening system for track systems

Info

Publication number: WO2008009451A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/006432
Authority: WO
Inventors: Roland Buda
Original assignee: Schwihag Ag
Priority date: 2006-07-21
Filing date: 2007-07-19
Publication date: 2008-01-24
Also published as: EP2044265B1; DE102007033968A1; ATE524611T1; EP2044265A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a highly elastic rail fastening system for track systems, which comprises clip-type tensioning elements (4a, 4b) that are fastened, when mounted, to a steel plate (5) by means of at least one spike (7) each, said plate being configured as a support for a rail base (2), and exert a clamping force maintaining the rail (1) in position, the steel plate (5) being connected to a base, such as a tie body (3), especially a concrete tie, via rail anchors (6a, 6b), an elastic plate (8) being interposed. The invention is characterized in that the spikes (7) fastening the tensioning elements (4a,4b) and the rail anchors (6a, 6b) are superimposed at a distance (s).

Description

Highly elastic rail fastening for track systems

The invention relates to a highly elastic rail fastening for track systems, the clamping-like clamping elements has, which are fastened in the mounted state by means of a screw on a trained as a support for a rail steel plate and exert a rail holding in position clamping force, the steel plate with the interposition of a elastic plate is connected to a substrate, such as a threshold body, in particular a concrete sleeper, threshold anchor or the like screw means.

In a rail fastening known from DE 34 00 110 C2 come with torsion legs clamp-like clamping elements made of elastic material, in particular hardened steel used, which are arranged in the assembled state between a retaining plate and a fastening anchor. The clamping element has two legs, which are designed as torsion elements.

From DE 39 18 091 C2, a rail fastening is known in which widen portions of the outer leg of epsilon-shaped clamping elements enlarging the distance from the inner legs against the rail foot. The successive free ends of the clamping element end outside of the inner legs. The clamping element is further designed so that a central web comes to lie in the mounting position at a small distance above the rail and rests in the pre-assembly with its inside on the shaft of the threshold or anchor bolt. It is known to provide using such or other clamp-like clamping elements (rail clamps) indirect, non-positive elastic rail fasteners. These are used in the single-track superstructure when increased elasticity and / or damping is necessary. On solid roads (concrete roadway without gravel), the elasticity of the ballast is reproduced by the highly elastic rail fastening; On tunnels in urban areas, the vibrations can be significantly reduced by means of elastic rail fastenings.

In practical operation, indirect rail fasteners of this type are used in various variants. The common feature is that the rail is first fixed to the rib or base plate (steel or cast plate) via its rail foot, and then the ribbed plate is then separately connected to the threshold body (made of wood or concrete) or (on bridges) a concrete slab or a steel beam is connected. These indirect, elastic rail fasteners require to prestress the at least one intermediate, elastic plate two threshold anchor (threshold or through bolts or anchor bolt with lock nut) and to clamp the two clamping elements or rail terminals two separate screws, z. B. hook screws. The threshold anchor and the clamping elements screws are arranged laterally apart.

By DE 10 2004 031 632 A1 Although an indirect, non-positively elastic rail fastening has become known, the total only two threshold or through screws needed. However, these must always be set slightly outwards by a mounting hole provided in the holders and the elastic intermediate layer or the intermediate layers into the sleeper body. You are not in the middle or directly under the clamping elements, but below the torsion leg. This is a mounting or dismounting of the threshold / through screws with built-in clamping elements not possible. Apart from the space required for this rail fastening system larger installation space results in a more complex design and an overall unfavorable force.

But also known from practical use, above-described indirect high-elastic rail fasteners have disadvantages. Thus, the horizontal force component generated by the railway wheel is absorbed by the threshold anchor or anchor bolt, which at the clamping point of the threshold anchor in the sleeper body a bending moment, in addition to shear, is caused, which often leads to fractures at this point. Furthermore, the intermediate elastic plate is biased relatively strong by screwing the clamping elements, which limits their work considerably. The thereby inevitably high bias of the elastic plate, which may be about 12 to 14 kN, caused in the long term, a creep of the elastic material, thus automatically leading to a hardening of the system and thus to the significant loss of effect of the elasticity or damping.

The known next to such indirect, non-positively elastic rail fasteners direct elastic rail fasteners, as known from DE 102 33 784 A1, solve the problem of horizontal force component in that the force is transmitted via an angled guide plate on a cusp or a shoulder in the threshold body , However, by the direct tension of the rail with the threshold body on the clamping elements on the intermediate, elastic plate exerted an even higher bias, which may be between 18 and 24 kN. The creep of the elastomer is thereby reinforced, whereby the elasticity is not permanent. Another disadvantage of this direct elastic attachment is that the clamping elements holding the rail must follow the sinking movements of the entire system and thus be subjected to a vibration cycle stress. are set. Depending on the load and environmental influences (rust etc.), this leads to material fatigue and considerable loss of clamping force under real conditions.

Based on an indirect, non-positive-elastic or highly elastic rail fastening, the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a generic rail fastening without the disadvantages described, i. in particular to avoid the high bias of the intermediate, elastic plate while allowing a compact, cost-effective fastening system.

This object is achieved in that the clamp-like clamping elements fastening screws and the threshold anchors or screw means of the steel plate are arranged at a distance from each other superimposed. It can hereby achieve a fastening system that combines the advantages of indirect and direct rail fastening while avoiding their disadvantages. In that the rail is indirectly fastened to the steel plate via the tensioning elements acted upon by the screws on its rail foot and in turn is connected to the sleeper body separately via threshold anchors, the sleeper anchor axles preferably being aligned with the axes of the screws arranged above them , which serve to fasten the clamping elements, are arranged, however, a slight lateral offset would be possible, it can be achieved that the clamping elements or their mounting screws are exposed to no vibration cycling, thus only purely static load. Apart from the very compact design also the high bias of the elastic or highly elastic plate is also avoided. Because this is no longer clamped with the clamping force of the tension clamp, but with the threshold anchors or an anchor system (eg anchor bolt with self-locking nut and stop or similar constructions with screw and spring) with very low biasing force of only a few kN. As clamp-like clamping element is any kind of tension clamp, in the simplest case, a steel plate as a clamping plate. Because the connection of the clamping element / the clamp with the rail and the steel plate is rigid, so that there is hardly any relative movement between the rail and the steel or cast plate to which the clamp is attached, there. The clamping element / clamp thus does not oscillate and therefore does not need to be elastic. The clamping element may only not come loose, which can be achieved by a self-locking nut or a screw, with or without spring ring. With an optional, resilient clamp, the spring force can be used as a safeguard against loosening.

The exploitation of the advantages of an indirect and direct rail fastening are favored according to a preferred embodiment of the invention further characterized in that the steel plate is supported on two parts, in vertical plane adjacent angular guide plates on shoulders of the threshold body. On the one hand, the angled guide plates, in interaction with the shoulders of the threshold body, absorb the horizontal or transverse force. On the other hand, the two-part design of the angle guide plates, which are made of plastic, in contrast to one-piece angled guide plates has the advantage that the plate members slide against each other when the system is loaded by the axle loads. The already achieved long service life of the fastening system according to the invention is thereby further promoted.

The horizontal forces can also be absorbed without a lateral angled guide element, if a bolt of long length and high strength is used as the lower screw means, whereby a much lower transverse force application point and thus much smaller lever arm can be achieved so that the bending moment acting on the anchor bolt is significantly lower. Such an anchor bolt attachment is particularly suitable for solid roads that consist of simple concrete slabs without thresholds. An embodiment of the invention provides that the outer, a shoulder immediately adjacent angled guide plate is formed with a lift-off. This can be a Schraubankerhalterung or, for example, geometrically integrated in the threshold body. In any case, the installation position is guaranteed by the lift-off protection.

If, according to an advantageous proposal of the invention, the mutually facing ends of the screws and the threshold anchors are designed as headers, the heads of the threshold anchors provide an automatic limitation in Überlastfall. For as soon as the distance, occupying the clamping element screw and threshold anchor in the initial mounting position, is overcome, the threshold anchor head piece applies to the opposite screw.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the head of the screws in the steel or cast plate on which the rail is set, possibly with the addition of an intermediate plate or -läge, screwed or locked therein or wedged, z. B. by means of a bayonet closure, be. In any case, a secure coupling of the upper screw is guaranteed.

It can advantageously be screwed onto the end remote from the head end of the upper screws a standard nut, for the results in conjunction with an elastic clamping element a self-locking seat, or in conjunction with a clamping plate a lock nut.

If the upper screws are formed according to a proposal of the invention with a through hole, can be in a simple way a direct access to the lower screw or the threshold anchor / anchor bolt by means of a tool, for. B. hexagon socket tool, which can engage in a hexagon socket of the lower head piece reach. It is proposed according to the invention that the head piece of the threshold anchor is arranged with radial clearance in the through hole of the steel plate. Thus, when the rail is loaded, the threshold anchors are free to approach the clamping element bolts screwed into the through-hole.

In this case, it is recommended according to advantageous embodiments of the invention, under the head piece of the threshold anchor, a spring element, e.g. Spring ring, spring, plate spring, disc spring package, coil spring, coil spring, rubber ring or elastomer spring to provide and assign the threshold anchors below their head pieces in the through holes an insulating collar or sliding bushing. This spring element is advantageously an elastic counter bearing for the arranged on the highly elastic intermediate plate steel / cast plate. The abutment for the spring element is the head piece, possibly in the form of a screwed, self-locking nut, possibly with washer, the threshold anchor.

Further details and features of the invention will become apparent from the claims and the following description of an embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings. Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the principle of the rail fastening system according to the invention.

Fig. 2 in plan view as a detail according to the system of FIG. 1 below

Using a in the embodiment with torsion legs clamp-like clamping element mounted rail;

3 shows the rail fastening system in cross section along the line IH-III of Fig. 2. and Fig. 4 the circled circled detail of FIG. 3rd

Fig. 1 shows the principle of a fastening system with indirect and direct attachment in the longitudinal direction of a rail 1 seen. The rail 1 is in this case attached with its rail 2 indirectly to a threshold body 3, and indeed it is fixed with clamp-like clamping elements 4a, 4b to a plate 5 made of steel or cast iron. The steel plate 5 in turn is separately connected to the threshold body 3 via threshold anchors 6a, 6b. The clamp-like clamping elements 4a, 4b are braced by upper screws 7 with nut screwed against the rail 2. Below the steel plate 5 is here an elastic plate 8 and between the rail 2 and the steel plate 5 is a rigid intermediate plate 9 is arranged. The screws 7 of the clamp-like clamping elements 4a, 4b and the threshold anchors 6a, 6b are provided in a line, in alignment and at a distance s, thus one above the other, in holder housings 10 (see Fig. 3) formed at both ends of the steel plate 5 ,

The holder housings 10 have a through hole 11 for receiving the screws 7 and the threshold anchors 6a, 6b, which passes into a threshold anchor bore with a smaller diameter. The screws 7 (see Fig. 4) screwed into the holder housing 10 with a head piece 12 or latched therein produce on the clamp-like clamping elements 4a, 4b a clamping force Fs which corresponds to the force Fv of the screw connection. The steel plate 5 separately connecting to the threshold body 3 threshold anchor 6a, 6b generate an anchor force Fa, which corresponds to the oppositely acting spring force Ff one of their head pieces 13, possibly provided as Aufschraubmuttern arranged and an abutment performing, spring element 14 corresponds. This highly elastic rail fastening system for track systems, with a combination of indirect and direct fastening, makes use of the horizon- Talkraftkomponeπte Fh harmless for the threshold anchor 6a, 6b derived in the threshold body 3.

As can be seen in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 4, the transverse or horizontal force Fh of angle members 15a, 15b, which adjoin one another in the vertical plane and which adjoin one another in the vertical plane, adjoins cusps or shoulders 16 of the threshold body 3 supported, recorded and transmitted over it into the threshold body 3. Due to the bipartite, the individual angled guide plates 15a, 15b slide against each other as soon as the system is loaded by the railway wheels. The depression is hereby automatically limited in Überlastlastfall because after overcoming the distance Δs the head pieces 12 of the screws 7 of the clamping elements 4a, 4b on the head pieces 13 in the through hole 11 of the holder housing 10 of the rib plate 5 with radial clearance and thus movement play arranged threshold anchor 6a, 6b impinge. As further shown in Fig. 4, the threshold anchors 6a, 6b are arranged and guided over a cylindrical portion in Isolierkragenbuchsen or sliding bushes 17, which are provided below the spring element 14 of the head pieces 13. The each one shoulder 16 of the threshold body 3 directly facing angled guide plate 15b is associated with a lift-off 18, which is formed in the embodiment as an anchor.

FIG. 2 shows a screw 7 of the clamping elements 4a, 4b and threshold anchors 6a, 6b (not visible in the figure) with the screws 7 lying in one line above the steel plate 5 and thus both indirectly and directly mounted on the sleeper body 3 with its Rail 2 fixed rail 1. This mounting system is very compact and therefore cost. It combines in particular the advantages of a direct and indirect rail fastening with harmless recording of the horizontal force components, which are advantageously absorbed by two-part angled guide plates 15a, 15b via shoulders 16 or introduced into the threshold body 3, and allows one lower bias of provided between the steel plate 5 and the sleeper body 3, elastic plate 8 (see Fig. 3). In addition, oscillatory alternating stresses of the clamp-like clamping elements 4a, 4b are avoided, which also contributes to an increase in the service life of the fastening system.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 rail

2 rail foot

3 threshold body

4a, b clamping element

5 steel plate or cast plate

6a, b threshold anchor

7 screw (the clamping elements)

8 elastic plate

9 rigid intermediate plate / liner

10 holder housing

11 through hole

12 head piece

13 head piece (threshold anchor)

14 spring element

15; 15a, b angled guide plate

16 shoulder

17 insulating collar bush

18 lift-off protection

s; Δs distance

Fs tension

Fv bolting force

Fa anchor force

Ff spring force

Fh horizontal force component

For Resulting force from the railway wheel

Claims

claims

1. Highly elastic rail fastening for track systems, the clamping-like clamping elements (4a, 4b), which are fastened in the mounted state by means of a screw (7) on a support for a rail (2) steel plate (5) and one rail (1) holding in position clamping force, wherein the steel plate (5) with interposition of an elastic plate (8) with a substrate, such as a threshold body (3), in particular a concrete schwel Ie, via threshold anchor (6a, 6b) or the like screw means is connected, characterized in that the clamping elements (4a, 4b) fixing screws (7) and the threshold anchors (6a, 6b) at a distance (s) are arranged one above the other.

2. Rail fastening according to claim 1, characterized in that the screws (7) of the clamping elements (4 a, 4 b) and the threshold anchors (6 a, 6 b) are arranged with their longitudinal axes on a line, running in alignment.

3. Rail mounting according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the steel plate (5) via two-piece, in vertical plane adjacent angular guide plates (15 a, 15 b) on shoulders (16) of the threshold body (3) is supported.

4. Rail fastening according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer, a shoulder (16) immediately adjacent angled guide plate (15 b) is formed with a lift-off (18).

5. Rail fastening according to claim 3 or 4, characterized by angle guide plates made of plastic (15 a, 15 b).

6. Rail fastening according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mutually facing ends of the screws (7) and the threshold anchor (6a, 6b) as head pieces (12; 13) are formed.

7. Rail fastening according to claim 6, characterized in that the head piece (12) of the screw (7) screwed into the steel plate (5), is locked or wedged therein.

8. Rail fastening according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that on the side facing away from the head piece (12), the upper end of the screws (7), a nut is screwed up against the clamping element (4 a, 4 b).

9. rail fastening according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the screws (7) are formed with a through hole.

10. rail fastening according to claim 6, characterized in that the head piece (13) of the threshold anchor (6 a, 6 b) with a radial clearance in the through hole (11) of the steel plate (5) is arranged.

11. Rail fastening according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized by a below the head piece (13) of the threshold anchor (6 a, 6 b) provided spring element (14).

12. Rail fastening according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the threshold anchors (6 a, 6 b) below their head pieces (13) in the through holes (11) is associated with a Isolierkragenbuchse (17).