EP1830002B1 - Track structure adapted for tramways - Google Patents

Abstract

The track element has a prefabricated track support plate (1), with two rails (3) fastened at the track support plate (1) with an attachment mechanism (4). The prefabricated track support plate has two parallel channels (2) for the rails (3) in which the rails are taken up in each case over the majority of their height. Each rail has arranged attachment parts (5) fastened to the attachment mechanisms (4) in the channel (2). The attachment mechanism has a spring element (16) which affects the foot of the rail (13) of the assigned rail. The spring element has an upper-lateral protective cover.

Description

The invention relates to a track element for the tram area and the like. The track element according to the invention can in principle be used for different types of rails or tracks, for example also for railroad tracks or railroad tracks.

From practice, it is known to relocate and fix such rails on at certain distances from each other arranged sleepers. Furthermore, it is also known to lay these rails on a continuous solid surface and to fix. The well-known from practice laying and installation work are usually time consuming and expensive. This is especially true for track sections that must be run over or crossed by other vehicles, such as road intersections and the like. The entire track area is usually filled in the lower part of the rails with a concrete layer. Other layers such as bituminous layers or asphalt layers are then normally applied to this concrete layer, so that the rail is essentially accommodated in the layers. These measures are on the one hand consuming and on the other hand, the track sections produced in this way often do not meet all requirements. This can in particular lead to undesirable bumps or unwanted later settlements. Furthermore, in the measures known from practice, the adjustment of the rails or the adjustment of the track of the rails usually relatively expensive. In addition, the tracks produced by the known measures are characterized by a disadvantageous high sound emission both in terms of structure-borne noise and in terms of airborne sound.

By the EP 1 264 932 A2 the rail fastening has become known for a rail with a base plate. These are on the side of the rail foot fitting clamping brackets are provided for the rail foot. Each clamp has at least one pressure spring acting on the rail foot and additionally at least one sleeper screw for fastening the rail and for prestressing the compression spring. The definition of the respective rail is conventionally carried out at associated thresholds.

As part of the EP 1 279 770 A2 a support device for rails is described, which refers to two edge-side sleepers and a central plate, between which receiving channels for the rails are formed. The rails themselves rest on trusses. Due to the large number of components is expected in this case with complex assembly work.

In contrast, the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a track element of the aforementioned type, with which the above disadvantages are avoided and which can be laid, adjusted and mounted in particular in a less expensive manner.

To solve this technical problem, the invention is a track element for tram rails u. Like., - With a prefabricated track plate, at least two rails attached to the track plate, and with fastening devices for fastening the rails,
the prefabricated track base plate having at least two parallel receiving channels for the rails, in which the rails are respectively received over at least the major part of their height,
wherein each rail is fastened to a plurality of fastening points spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the associated receiving channel with the fastening devices at the bottom in the receiving channel,
in that the prefabricated track carrier plate has, at the attachment point, at least one base plate which is fixed to the bottom of the respective receiving channel, and
wherein the respective fastening device has at least one spring element acting on the rail foot of the associated rail, and this spring element has an upper-side protective cover.

An inventive track element is thus a construction of a track plate and the rails attached thereto. To produce a track, a plurality of track elements according to the invention is arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the track. The track elements according to the invention can be used for different types of rails, in particular for tram rails or railroad tracks. The track elements are used in particular where overriding or crossing of the track by other vehicles is necessary, for example at intersections and the like. The rails attached to the track plate may be, for example, grooved rails or head rails (Vignole rails).

It is essential in the context of the invention that a prefabricated track plate is used for a track element. In such a track plate according to the invention is therefore a factory prefabricated finished part. In the prefabricated track base plate, the receiving channels for the rails are already provided. The rails are expediently fastened or mounted only after the laying of the prefabricated track slabs in the receiving channels. Preferably, the rails are completely or substantially completely received in the receiving channels with respect to their height. Height of a rail means the extension of the rail from the bottom of the rail foot to the highest point of the rail head. Conveniently, the rails are over at least 85%, preferably taken up over at least 90% and very preferably over at least 95% of its height in the receiving channels of the track plate. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the rails are taken over more than 95% of their height in the receiving channels.

Upper protective cover of the spring element means in particular that this protective cover is set up so that when embedding or concreting the rail no embedding material or no concrete reaches the spring element and the spring function of the spring element is protected in this respect.

It is within the scope of the invention that the track base plate made of reinforced concrete, preferably made of reinforced concrete or consists essentially of reinforced concrete, preferably substantially made of reinforced concrete. A track base plate according to the invention differs significantly from the thresholds known from the prior art for laying. The track plate has on the one hand the already factory provided receiving channels for the rails and is also much longer than thresholds in the longitudinal direction of the track. A track support plate has with respect to its longitudinal direction a plurality of attachment points, which are arranged at greater intervals one behind the other.

It is within the scope of the invention that the length of the prefabricated track plate is at least 80 cm, preferably at least 100 cm. Conveniently, the length of the track plate is greater than 100 cm, preferably greater than 150 cm. The track slabs according to the invention may have a length of up to 800 cm, preferably up to 700 cm and preferably up to 600 cm. Length of the track plate means the extension of the track plate in the longitudinal direction of the receiving channels or the rails. The width of a track plate according to the invention is suitably 100 to 600 cm, preferably 120 to 550 cm and preferably 140 to 520 cm. The height the track base plate is suitably 25 to 70 cm, preferably 30 to 65 cm and preferably 35 to 60 cm.

It is within the scope of the invention that the attachment points in a receiving channel of the track plate have a mutual distance of at least 30 cm, preferably of at least 35 cm. Preferably, the distance between two fastening points in the longitudinal direction of a receiving channel is more than 35 cm, and more preferably more than 40 cm. As already stated above, the rails are fastened to these attachment points in the receiving channel or expediently at the bottom of the receiving channel.

Further advantageous embodiments will be described below. Thus, the prefabricated track blocks already have the fixed base plates which are fixed in or at the bottom of the respective receiving channel. A base plate is expediently embedded in the bottom of the associated receiving channel. In this case, a base plate is generally present at each attachment point of the receiving channel. The rail to be fixed in the receiving channel is fastened to these base plates. Conveniently, the prefabricated track base plate at its attachment points already embedded in the track base plate or embedded concrete anchors on. When mounting the rails in the receiving channels corresponding mounting screws can then be screwed into the fixing dowels. It is within the scope of the invention that the fastening screws associated openings are provided in the base plate. Preferably, at least one fixing dowel is embedded or embedded in concrete on an attachment point on each side of the rail to be mounted.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a rail has an extending in the rail longitudinal direction Elastomerummantelung on. The elastomer sheathing preferably surrounds the rail foot and expediently, the rail web is formed elastomer sheathed. It is within the scope of the invention that only acted upon by rail vehicles top of the rail head is free of the Elastomerummantelung. Preferably, the entire rail is otherwise provided with the Elastomerummantelung. The elastomer is preferably rubber. In principle, however, it is also possible to use another elastomer for the elastomer coating. The aforementioned embodiment with the elastomer sheathing has proven particularly useful, especially with regard to a surprisingly low acoustic emission.

It is within the scope of the invention that each fastening device comprises at least one fixing element, wherein the fixing element a Fixing portion for fixing the fixing element to the track plate and a rail has the cross-section holding portion. Conveniently, the fixing portion of the fixing element is fastened with at least one fastening screw on the track plate, wherein the fastening screw is then preferably screwed into an anchored in the track plate mounting dowel. It is also within the scope of the invention that the holding portion of the fixing element engages over the rail foot by clamping. It is recommended that at least two fixing elements are provided at each attachment point of a receiving channel and that expediently at least one fixing element on each side of the rail. The holding portions of these opposing fixing elements then engage at an attachment point in each case the rail foot on opposite sides of the rail.

It is also within the scope of the invention that the holding portion of a fixing element has or forms the protective cover for the spring element. The holding section or the protective cover, as it were, presses the spring element onto the rail foot. In other words, the spring element is set during the fastening of the rail at the attachment point under bias. The holding portion or the protective cover of the fixing element is expediently made of steel. In the holding portion of the fixing element, a receiving space for the spring element is preferably formed. By selecting the height of this receiving space, the bias of the spring element can be adjusted in the assembled state of the fixing element.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the protective cover covers the spring element in the assembled state on the top and side. In this embodiment, the receiving space of the holding portion for the spring element is thus formed closed on all sides and only open at the bottom towards the rail foot. - Appropriately, at least one fixing element is provided on each of the two sides of the rail at an attachment point of a receiving channel. It is also within the scope of the invention that at least one holding section and at least one spring element associated with the holding section is provided on such an attachment point on each side of the rail.

A very preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the spring element consists of an elastomer. The spring element is then an elastomer spring. This embodiment has proven particularly useful. Appropriately, rubber or rubber rubber is used as the elastomer. In principle, however, it is also possible to use another elastomeric material for the spring element.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an adjustment slot is provided in the fixing section of a fixing element, which is penetrated in the mounted state by a fastening element or by a fastening screw. It is within the scope of the invention that it is an oblique slot whose longitudinal axis forms an angle of 5 ° to 30 ° with the longitudinal axis of the receiving channel. Appropriately, such a slot is provided in each of the two fixing elements on the two opposite sides of the rail at an attachment point. With the help of slots, the track width of the rails or the track can be adjusted very effectively and precisely.

The invention is based on the finding that with the track elements according to the invention a very fast installation, adjustment and installation of tracks is possible. Therefore, the creation of tracks with the track elements according to the invention by a small effort and thus also by a low cost. Due to the short creation times, the areas in which the track is to be created are advantageously blocked only briefly for the rest of traffic. The track elements according to the invention are outstandingly suitable for areas in which the track to be created is to be crossed by other vehicles, that is to say in particular for road intersections and the like. The track areas produced with the track elements according to the invention are characterized by a very uniform and even surface and thus provide an optimum surface for crossing areas available. Undesirable settlements can be effectively avoided in the track areas provided with the track elements according to the invention. The track elements of the invention also allow a very reliable and precise attachment of the rails and a secure and uniform embedding of the rails in the finished track element. With the track elements according to the invention a very precise adjustment of the track is possible and in particular the track of the rails can be easily adjusted or adjusted. The track elements according to the invention are further characterized in operation by a surprisingly low noise. The inventive design of the track elements can be significantly reduced when driving both the structure-borne noise and the airborne sound.

Fig.1

eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Gleiselement,

Fig. 2

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus der Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

einen Querschnitt durch den Gegenstand nach Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus der Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

den Gegenstand der Fig. 3 in einer anderen Ausführungsform und

Fig. 6

einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus der Fig. 5.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. In a schematic representation:

Fig.1

a plan view of a track element according to the invention,

Fig. 2

an enlarged section of the Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3

a cross section through the object after Fig. 1 .

Fig. 4

an enlarged section of the Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5

the object of Fig. 3 in another embodiment and

Fig. 6

an enlarged section of the Fig. 5 ,

The figures show an inventive track element for tram rails and the like. To create a track is a plurality of example in Fig. 1 Track elements shown arranged in the longitudinal direction one behind the other. A track element initially has a prefabricated track base plate 1, which can be delivered and laid as a finished part. This prefabricated track base plate 1 is suitably made of reinforced concrete, preferably made of reinforced concrete. In the exemplary embodiment, it already has prefabricated parallel receiving channels 2 for the rails 3 at the factory. The rails 3 are preferably first adjusted and fixed on site in the receiving channels 2 of the track plate 1 and with fasteners 4. In the exemplary embodiment, the rails 3 are quasi their entire height h in the receiving channels 2 of the track plate 1 recorded (see in particular Fig. 4 and 6 ). The rails can protrude slightly above from the receiving channel 2. Each rail 3 is attached to a plurality of in the longitudinal direction of the associated receiving channel 2 spaced attachment points 5 with the fasteners 4 in the receiving channel 2 and that expediently attached to the bottom 6 of the receiving channel 2. The distance between two attachment points 5 is preferably and in the embodiment greater than 25cm.

According to a preferred embodiment and in the embodiment, the prefabricated track base plate 1 at each attachment point 5 on a base plate 7 which is fixed to the bottom 6 of the respective receiving channel 2 and although preferably there is cast in the track plate 1. According to this embodiment, therefore, the track support plate 1 used as a finished part already has the cast-in base plates 7. The rails 3 are mounted on these base plates 7. Preferably and in the exemplary embodiment, two fastening dowels 8 are provided at each attachment point 5, namely one attachment dowel 8 on each side of the rail 3 to be fastened. According to a preferred embodiment and in the exemplary embodiment, these attachment dowels 8 are cast in the prefabricated track base plate 1. In other words, the track carrier plate 1 used as a finished part already has the fastening anchors 8 embedded in the concrete. Each fixing dowel 8 is assigned a fastening screw 9 for fastening the rail 3. A fastening screw 9 passes through in the mounted state (see in particular Fig. 4 and 6 ) An opening of a fixing element 10 and an opening 11 in the base plate. 7

Each fastening device 4 for the rails 3 has in the exemplary embodiment, in addition to the base plate 7, the fastening dowels 8 and the fastening screws 9 at least two fixing elements 10. In the exemplary embodiment 5 two fixation elements 10 are provided at each attachment point and that in each case a fixing element 10 on each side of the rail to be fastened 3. A fixing element 10 has a fixing portion 12 in which the opening is located, which passes through the fastening screw 9 in the mounted state , The fixing element 10 further comprises a rail section 13 cross-holding portion 14. In the assembled state, ie when tightened fastening screw 9, this holding portion 14 covers the rail 13 clamped.

In this way, the rail 3 is fixed with the fixing elements 10 and with their adhesive portions 14.

In the exemplary embodiment, each fixing element 10 or each holding section 14 of the fixing element 10 has a receiving space 15 for a spring element 16. The spring element 16 is pressed in the mounted state of the fixing element 10 of the holding portion 14 against the rail 13. As a result, the spring element 16 is set under pretension. Due to the height of the receiving space 15 in the holding portion 14, the bias of the spring element 16 can be adjusted specifically. The spring element 16 is according to a very preferred embodiment of the invention and in the exemplary embodiment is an elastomeric element or an elastomeric spring. The elastomer spring is as well as the receiving space 15 of the holding portion 14 in the embodiment cylindrical in shape. The holding portion 14 forms as it were a protective cover for the spring element 16 and for the elastomer spring. When the rail 3 is to be embedded in the associated receiving channel 2 or to be embedded in concrete, the holding section 14 (protective cover) protects the elastomer spring against penetrating embedding material or from penetrating concrete. Also, otherwise, the holding portion 14 forms an effective protective cover and ensures long-term resilient action of the spring element 16. In the embodiment, the holding portion 14 covers the spring element 16 on the top and side, so that the receiving space 15 is opened only down to the rail 13.

In the Fig. 2 It can be seen that, according to a preferred embodiment and in the embodiment, the opening provided in the fixing section 12 of the fixing element 10 for the fastening screw 9 is designed as a slot 17. The longitudinal axis of the elongated hole 17 is preferably arranged obliquely to the longitudinal axis of the receiving channel 2. The Longitudinal axis of the elongated hole 17 forms advantageously with the longitudinal axis of the receiving channel 2 and with the longitudinal axis of the rail 3 to be fastened an angle of 5 ° to 30 °, preferably an angle of 10 ° to 20 °. The two opposite at an attachment point 5 slots 17 allow for used, but not yet fully tightened mounting screws 9 a displacement of the fixing elements 10 in the direction of the longitudinal axes of the slots 17. Thus, the rail to be fastened 3 can be precisely adjusted and in this way can the track width a track can be set very accurately. The outer edge 18 of the fixing elements 10 is also preferably also formed obliquely and preferably parallel to the longitudinal axis of the associated elongated hole 17. This outer edge 18 is conveniently located on a likewise parallel to the longitudinal axis of the associated slot 17 arranged inclined stop 19. The fixing element 10 can then be displaced functionally against the oblique stop 19 during a displacement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the elongated hole 17 with its outer edge 18. The oblique stop 19 may be part of the cast-in base plate 7 by this oblique stopper 19 projects from the surface of the base plate upwards. However, the oblique stop 19 may also be formed by the material or by the concrete of the prefabricated track base plate. Then the oblique stops 19 are already part of a used as a finished track support plate. 1

According to a particularly preferred embodiment and in the exemplary embodiment, the rails 3 have an elastomer casing 20 extending in the rail longitudinal direction. The elastomer sheathing 20 is expediently provided continuously in the longitudinal direction of a rail 3 or provided substantially continuously. Preferably, and in the exemplary embodiment, the rail foot 13, the rail web 21 and the underside of the rail head 22 are provided with the elastomer sheathing 20. Prefers also has the underside of the rail foot 13, this elastomer sheath 20, so that an elastomer layer between rail 13 and base plate 7 is arranged. The embodiment with the elastomer sheathing 20 has proven particularly useful in the context of the invention, specifically in combination with the spring element 16 or with the spring element 16 designed as an elastomeric spring. The elastomer sheathing 20 is preferably made of rubber rubber.

In the Fig. 1 Incidentally, it can be seen that the receiving channels 2 have lateral widenings 23 at the attachment points 5. In other words, a receiving channel 2 at the attachment points 5 expediently wider than in its other areas. In the Fig. 3 to 6 It can be seen that the receiving channels 2 preferably have a trapezoidal cross-section, wherein the width of a receiving channel 2 tapers from the bottom 6 upwards. If the rails 3 are mounted in the receiving channels 2 at the attachment points 5, then the receiving channels 2 are then suitably filled with an embedding material, for example, filled with concrete. - In the embodiment of the Fig. 3 and 4 are used as rails grooved rails. In contrast, in the embodiment of the FIGS. 5 and 6 Head rails (Vignole rails) used as rails 3. Both types of rails are well suited for the track elements according to the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A track element for tramway tracks and the like, with a prefabricated track support plate (1), with at least two rails (3) that are mounted on the track support plate (1), and with mounting devices (4) for mounting the rails (3), characterized in that
   the prefabricated track support plate (1) features at least two parallel receptacle channels (2) for the rails (3), in which the rails (3) are respectively accommodated over at least the majority of their height, in that
   each rail (3) is mounted on the bottom (6) in the receptacle channel (2) by means of the mounting devices (4) at several mounting points (5) that are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the assigned receptacle channel (2) and spaced apart from one another
   by providing the prefabricated track support plate (1) with at least one base plate (7) at the mounting point (5), wherein said base plate is fixed on the bottom (6) of the respective receptacle channel (2), and in that
   the respective mounting device (4) features at least one spring element (16) that acts upon the rail base (13) of the assigned rail (3) and this spring element (16) features a protective cover on the top.
2. The track element according to Claim 1, wherein the track support plate (1) consists of reinforced concrete, preferably of ferroconcrete.
3. The track element according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the track support plate (1) has a length of at least 80 cm, preferably at least 100 cm.
4. The track element according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the mounting points (5) in a receptacle channel (2) are mutually spaced apart by at least 30 cm, preferably by at least 35 cm.
5. The track element according to one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein a rail (3) features an elastomer coating (20) that extends in the longitudinal direction of the rail.
6. The track element according to one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein a mounting device (4) comprises at least one fixing element (10), and wherein the fixing element (10) features a fixing section (12) for being mounted on the track support plate (1) and a holding section (14) that overlaps the rail base (13).
7. The track element according to one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein the holding section (14) features the protective cover for the spring element.
8. The track element according to one of Claims 1 to 7, wherein the protective cover covers the spring element (16) on the top and on the side.
9. The track element according to one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the spring element (16) consists of an elastomer.
10. The track element according to one of Claims 6 to 9, wherein the fixing section (12) of the fixing element (10) is provided with an elongated hole (17) that is penetrated by a mounting element.

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