EP2229479B1 - Support for a rail fastening system and rail fastening system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a support for a system for fastening a rail to a substrate with a support bracket, which has a base portion with a contact surface associated with the respective ground, with a standing on the base portion support portion, which is at its free, the rail to be fastened associated front has a contact surface, and with a molded-in in the base portion through hole for performing a particular for fixing the support bracket on the ground fastener.

Moreover, the invention relates to a system for fastening a rail on a substrate with a guide plate for laterally supporting the rail to be fastened, with a spring element which is supported on the guide plate and has at least one spring arm, which is provided to an elastic holding force to exercise the foot of the rail, with a clamping means for tensioning the spring element and with a support which is intended to be firmly connected to the ground and in the mounting position, the guide plate laterally against the Override the rail to support occurring lateral forces.

A support and a system of this kind are for example from the DE-AS 26 00 416 known.

The known systems are used in particular for fastening rails on a solid, flat surface in which no recesses are formed or elevations are formed, at which the support of the rail could take place against the transverse forces occurring when crossing the rail in the respective attachment point.

Solid substrates on which systems of the type according to the invention are mounted are also referred to in practice as "fixed carriageway". In contrast to a track superstructure formed from loose gravel, they do not have their own flexibility. Typically, the solid lanes are formed by concrete slabs on which also cast concrete sleepers are laid, which in turn carry the rails.

The lateral support of the rails on such a solid surface is usually carried out with the aid of support means, which are positioned on both sides of the rail foot between the rail and each one laterally spaced from the rail foot stop. This stop is usually formed for this purpose in the form of a support shoulder or the like to the respective solid ground.

Thus, the concrete sleepers typically used for fastening rails on a solid roadway usually have lateral stop shoulders, against which the guide plates intended for laterally guiding the respective rail are supported. By suitable fasteners, usually screws, these guide plates are either fixed directly to the solid ground or the respective threshold. A corresponding system is known in practice, for example, under the name "System 300".

Usually, the fastening elements are additionally used for tensioning a spring element, which exerts a directed in the direction of the solid ground holding force on the rail of the rail to be fastened. Depending on the shape of the substrate and the fasteners used, additional pads and fasteners are needed to properly align and hold the rails.

On road surfaces that are just trained, so no stop shoulders for lateral support of the guide plates offer fastening systems of the type described above can not be used. Instead, supports are required there, as indicated in the beginning DE-AS 26 00 416 are described.

The basic requirement for the proper functioning of a fastening system of the type described above is that the rail is held laterally substantially free of play. Relative movements between the rail and The background on which it stands would otherwise result in massive abrasive wear in the contact area of the rail foot.

To ensure this, the support used in the known system comprises a support bracket which is screwed by means of a guided through the opening formed in its base opening fastening screw on the respective substrate. The guide plate associated with the contact surface of the support bracket is bevelled.

At the obliquely oriented contact surface of the support bracket, the guide plate of the known fastening system with a corresponding obliquely oriented support surface is tight, wherein between the contact surface and the support surface, an insulating layer may be present to produce an electrical insulation between the support bracket and the guide plate. At the same time, if appropriate, the guide plate also rests laterally on the rail foot via a correspondingly insulating intermediate layer with its contact surface assigned to the rail.

The attachment of the guide plate on the respective substrate is carried in the known system also via a plugged through a corresponding through hole bolts, which is screwed in case of attachment to a solid road, for example, in a dowel inserted into the ground. About a screwed onto the bolt nut not only the guide plate is held, but also the Tension clamp clamped, which exerts the required holding force on the ribbed plate.

A problem in the attachment of rails in the above-described, from the DE-AS 26 00 416 known type is that it does not allow precise alignment of the individual parts involved in the attachment. This concerns in particular the relative positions of guide plate and support bracket.

Practical experience has shown that such precision of positioning under the conditions prevailing in practice often can not be guaranteed with the necessary reliability. This is especially true when a large number of fasteners of this type are to be mounted in mass operation to assemble time-saving long track distances can.

Against this background, the object of the invention was to provide a support and a system for securing rails, with which even with increased tolerance of the positioning of the individual components of such attachment a reliable grip of the rail is guaranteed.

With respect to the support, this object has been achieved according to the invention that such a support is designed according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of this system are specified in the dependent claims on claim 1.

With regard to the system for fastening a rail, the solution according to the invention is that such a system is designed according to claim 17.

A support according to the invention comprises, like the support known from the prior art, a support bracket, the contact surface and contact surface are arranged at an angle to each other, wherein in the base portion also a through hole is formed through which the respective also belonging to the support fastener is guided.

According to the invention, this passage opening is now shaped so that the fastening element sits loosely in the passage opening in at least one direction in the assembly position, so that the support angle can still be displaced in the relevant direction even when the fastening element is seated in the respective base. For this purpose, the through-opening, at least in a direction aligned parallel to the contact surface, has the usual oversize for the simple insertion of the fastening element relative to the circumference of the fastening element. This is at least 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the fastener.

A "passage opening" here means all openings or recesses which are designed so that the respective fastening element can be guided through them to the respective substrate. Accordingly, the term "passage opening" in the context of the invention, for example, also recesses, which are formed in the base portion of the support bracket and laterally bounded by a respective projecting portion of the base portion, so that it is possible to postpone the support angle in the manner of a shoe from a lateral direction on a correspondingly pre-assembled fastener.

It is only essential that the relevant "passage opening" is formed in at least one direction so that in each case at least one aligned parallel to the plane of the footprint of the fastener movement direction is no positive connection between the border of the through hole and the fastener. This inventive design of the passage opening of the support bracket allows pre-assemble the support bracket and the fastener and the other components of the respective fastening system and only then move the support bracket in its proper position, in which the support bracket and possibly supported by him component largely free of play on the Rest foot of the rail to be fastened. Then then each occupied position of the adjustment angle can be fixed by final adjustment of the fastener of the support so in its position that a reliable side support of the rail is guaranteed.

For this purpose, the support according to the invention comprises an additional locking piece cooperating with the fastening element, by means of which the support angle in a respective by a Relative displacement reached relative position of fastener and support bracket can be fixed.

A fastening system according to the invention is accordingly characterized in that the support provided in it is designed in the manner according to the invention.

In principle, it is conceivable to design the locking piece in such a way that with its aid the relative position of fastening element and supporting angle achieved after aligning the support angle can be determined by adhesion, in particular frictional engagement.

With regard to the reliability and ease of assembly, however, it proves to be particularly advantageous if the fixing of the respective position of the support bracket relative to the fastening means by means of positive engagement. For this purpose, the locking piece may have at least one molding element which is provided to enter into a positive engagement with a correspondingly shaped molding element of the support bracket.

In order to allow the largest possible variation of the positioning of the support bracket relative to the fastening element, the locking piece may have a plurality of such form elements. Alternatively or additionally, it may be favorable for the same purpose, even if a corresponding form element is formed on the support bracket and the number of the form elements of the locking piece is smaller than the number of corresponding form elements of Support bracket. In this way, the support angle can be moved for example over a distance which is longer than the length of the locking piece, are distributed over the mold elements, and for the final fixation of the position of the support bracket yet on the locking piece a secure fit between the support bracket and the fastener be made in all directions of movement.

It is also conceivable, however, that initially only on the locking piece a form-fitting required for the form-fitting is formed and digs this shape element with appropriate on the fastener force application into the surface of the support member so as to correspond in the respective surface required for the positive connection Shaping shape element of the support bracket. This possibility exists in particular if the support bracket is made of a plastic material and the locking piece of a higher-strength material, such as steel.

A particularly secure positive fixing of the support bracket can be achieved in that extend the form elements of the support bracket and locking piece transverse to the direction in which the support bracket is displaceable by the inventive shape of the through hole in the preassembled state relative to the fastener.

A first way of arranging the for a positive connection between support bracket and Locking piece required form elements is that the relevant mold element is formed on the underside of the locking piece, which is associated in the assembled state of the free upper side of the base portion of the support bracket. The corresponding form elements can then be formed on the upper side of the base portion of the support bracket.

Alternatively or additionally, the locking piece may also have a side surface on which the respective form element required for the generation of the positive connection is formed. The support bracket can then also have a laterally aligned surface, on which the respective corresponding, cooperating with the mold element of the locking piece forming element is formed. A form-fitting connection between the locking piece and the support element, which can withstand even very high loads, can thereby be ensured by the locking piece having a second side face, which is opposite the first side face and on which a shaped element is likewise formed, and the support bracket has a second side face, arranged so spaced from the first side surface and provided with form elements, that the locking piece is insertable between the two side surfaces of the support bracket and in positive locking between the two side surfaces locking a fit between the mutually corresponding form elements of the mutually associated side surfaces is made.

The latter embodiment proves to be practical in particular when the support angle is at least two Stiffening ribs, which extend between the support portion and the base portion and laterally define a space between them, in which the locking piece is held at least partially positively locking with fully assembled support.

The connection between the locking piece and fastener can be made particularly simple, characterized in that the locking piece has a passage opening for the fastening element, in which the fastening element sits in the assembled state with little play.

The positional alignment and fixation of the support bracket relative to the fastener by means of the locking piece can be supported by the fact that markings are present on the locking piece and / or the support angle at which the respective relative position of the support bracket and locking piece and, consequently, of support bracket and fastener can be read ,

In practice, the positive engagement of fastening element and support bracket produced via the locking piece can be accomplished, for example, by the fact that the shaped elements of locking piece and support bracket interact in the manner of a latching connection.

A particularly simple and at the same time reliable operation permitting embodiment of the invention provides that the inventive excess of the passage opening of the support angle only in the for particular application required sliding direction is provided. For this purpose, the passage opening may be formed as a slot. In order to detect the most common in practice case of readjustment in a direction aligned transversely to the rail alignment, the longitudinal axis of the slot may be aligned substantially perpendicular to the contact surface of the support portion.

Fig. 1

ein System zum Befestigen einer Schiene in einer Ansicht von oben;

Fig. 2

einen Stützwinkel und zwei Arretierstücke einer in dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten System eingesetzte Abstützung in Montagestellung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;

Fig. 3

die in Fig. 2 gezeigten Bauteile in einer Explosionsdarstellung;

Fig. 4

die in dem in Fig. 1 eingesetzte Abstützung mit den in den Figuren 2 und 3 gezeigten Bauteilen in einem Längsschnitt.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing illustrating an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1

a system for securing a rail in a view from above;

Fig. 2

a support bracket and two locking pieces one in the in Fig. 1 shown system used support in mounting position in a perspective view;

Fig. 3

in the Fig. 2 shown components in an exploded view;

Fig. 4

which in the in Fig. 1 used support with the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 shown components in a longitudinal section.

The system 1 for fastening a rail 2 on a solid, formed for example by a concrete slab or concrete sleeper solid surface 3 comprises an elastic intermediate plate, not shown here, the rests directly on the continuous flat surface of the solid surface 3.

On the intermediate plate here is also not shown, made of steel base plate covering the intermediate plate and in practical use when driving over the rail 2 by a rail vehicle not shown here, acting on the rail 2 on the base plate in the direction of gravity loads acting on the Distributed intermediate plate.

On the base plate another, not shown here intermediate layer is launched. Whose width corresponds at most to the width of the rail foot 4 of the rail 2, which stands with its underside on the intermediate layer.

In order to adjust an optionally required inclination of the rail 2 with respect to the flat surface of the fixed base 3, the base plate may have a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape, with their upper side associated with the rail foot 4 enclosing the intermediate plate associated underside of the base plate at an acute angle.

For lateral support of the rail 2 relative to the transverse forces FQ occurring when driving over, a guide plate 5, 6 is arranged on each side of the rail foot 4. The guide plates 5, 6 each have a contact surface resting on the rail foot 4 and are provided with corresponding support sections on the flat surface of the fixed base 3.

At its lower, adjacent to the surface of the solid substrate 3 section can be formed on the support surface of the guide plates 5,6 a cam-shaped projection not shown here, which projects into a correspondingly shaped, also not shown here recess of the elastic intermediate plate and thereby under the Base plate engages. In this way, the respective guide plate 5.6 is held positively in the vertical direction V, so that a lifting of the guide plates 5.6 from the substrate 3 is excluded even with the occurrence of unfavorable in this regard longitudinal forces FL or shear forces FQ.

On their free tops, the guide plates 5.6 in a conventional manner shaped molded elements, the guides for each serve as a spring element for bracing the rail 2 on the solid surface 3 serving ω-shaped clamps 8.9. To tighten the clamps 8.9 clamping means in the form of screws 10,11 are provided, which are each screwed into a introduced into the solid surface 3, not shown here dowel. The screws 10,11 load on their screw head the middle portion of the clamps 8.9 in a conventional manner such that the tension clamp 8.9 on the free, resting on the top of the rail 4 ends of their arms the required spring-elastic holding force on the rail 4 exercise.

The lateral support of the guide plates 5.6 is carried out in each case via a support 12,13.

De supports 12,13 each comprise a support bracket 14, two locking pieces 15,16 and two fastening means 17,18. The fastening means 17, 18 are here respectively formed by a screw bolt 19 and a nut 20 screwed onto the bolt. If necessary, further means, such as spring rings or washers, may be present to distribute the holding force FH consumed by the fastening means 17, 18 to the locking pieces 15, 16.

The support brackets 14 of the supports 12,13 can each be made in one piece from a fiber-reinforced plastic. In the same way, they can, for example, also have been produced by forging from a steel material.

As in the Figures 2-4 As shown by the support 12, the supports 12, 13 each have a planar contact surface 21 resting against the guide plate 5, 6 respectively assigned to them. The support surface 21 is formed on the free end face of a support portion 22 of the support bracket 18,19, which is perpendicular to a resting with its footprint 23a on the upper side of the fixed base 3 base portion 23 of the support bracket 14 at the front, the respective guide plate 5.6 assigned Side is erected.

Compared to the base portion 23 of the support portion 22 is supported by three substantially perpendicularly outgoing from him, in the side view triangular stiffening portions 24,25,26 whose free Top from the top of the support portion 22, starting obliquely downwards. Of the stiffening sections 24, 25, 26, one is formed on one of the outer edges and one in the middle of the support angles 14.

In the area between the stiffening sections 24,25,26 remaining, of the stiffening sections 24,25,26 laterally delimited free spaces 27,28 in the base portion 23 of the support bracket 14 each formed as a slot through opening 29 is formed. The longitudinal axis LD of the passage openings 29 is aligned substantially perpendicular to the contact surface 21 of the support portion 22. The length of the passage openings 29 measured in the longitudinal direction L corresponds approximately to twice the diameter of the bolts 19 of the fastening elements 17, 18.

In the spaces 27, 28, a shoulder 30, 31 projecting parallel to one another is formed at the foot of the stiffening sections 24, 25, 26, each with a side face 32 which is oriented parallel to one another.

At the respective side surface 32 of the paragraphs 30,31 each closely spaced sealing elements 33 are formed at regular intervals. The shaped elements 33 are designed in the manner of latching projections and aligned perpendicular to the upper side of the base section 23 and substantially parallel to the contact surface 21 of the support section 22. In the area of the side surfaces 32 of the paragraphs 30,31 laterally delimited surface portion of the top are on the Base portion 23 also formed in the manner of locking projections formed molding elements 34 which extend between the shoulders 30,31 and accordingly transversely to the longitudinal direction L of the through holes 27. Each mold element 34 goes into a corresponding mold element 33 of the paragraphs 30,31.

The locking pieces 15,16 are cuboid shaped and each have a from its top to its the top of the base portion 23 associated bottom leading through hole 35, the diameter of which is adapted to the diameter of the bolts 19 of the fasteners 17,18 that they are lightweight Game can be placed on the bolts. The width of the locking pieces 15,16 is adapted to the existing between the paragraphs 30,31 each free width.

At their side surfaces 36,37 assigned to the shoulders 30,31, the locking pieces 15,16 each have shaped elements 38,39 designed in the manner of locking projections, which are adapted with respect to their shape and arrangement to the shape and arrangement of the shaped elements 33 of the shoulders 30,31 are. Likewise, the locking pieces each have on their underside mold elements 40, which are adapted in terms of their shape and arrangement to the shape and arrangement of the formed on the top of the base portion 23 form elements 34.

During assembly of the fastening system 1, first the guide plates 5, 6 and the clamping elements 8, 9 are preassembled, so that the guide plates 5, 6 are in the correct position are aligned and the clamping elements 8,9 are in a retracted position in which their spring arms do not reach into the room, in which then the rail 4 is set. Then the bolts 19 of the fasteners 17,18 of the supports 12,13 are screwed in place previously set in the ground 3, not shown here dowels and the respective support bracket 14 is placed on the ground 3, that the bolts 19 by their respective assigned Through opening 29 of the respective support bracket 19 protrudes.

Subsequently, the support brackets 14 are displaced in the longitudinal direction L of the passage openings 29 until they rest tightly against the respectively associated guide plate 5, 6. Then, the locking pieces 15,16 are placed on the bolts 19 and pushed into the existing between the respective paragraphs 30,31 space that their form elements 39,40 form-fitting with the form elements 33 of the paragraphs 30,31 and the top of the base paragraph 23 existing form elements 34 cooperate. From this moment on, the relative position of the support bracket 14 to its associated fasteners 17,18 by means of the locking pieces 15,16 in the longitudinal direction L, ie in the aligned transversely to the longitudinal extent of the rail direction, already secured by positive locking. On the top of the paragraphs 30,31 and the locking pieces 15,16 attached marks 41 indicate whether the displacement of the support bracket 14 is carried out in a permissible tolerance range. Then the nuts 20 are screwed onto the bolts 19 to pass through Tangle to prevent lifting of the support bracket 14.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

System for fastening the rail 2

2

rail

3

underground

4

rail

5, 6

guide plates

8, 9

tension clamp

10, 11

screw

12, 13

supports

14

support bracket

15, 16

locking pieces

17, 18

fastener

19

bolt

20

mother

21

support surface

22

Support section of the support bracket 14

23

Basic section of the support bracket 14

24, 25, 26

stiffening sections

27, 28

Spaces between the stiffening sections 24, 25, 26

29

Through openings

30, 31

paragraphs

32

Side surfaces of paragraphs 30, 31

33, 34

Form elements of the support bracket 14th

35

Through opening of the locking pieces 15, 16th

36, 37

Side surfaces of the locking pieces 15, 16

38, 39, 40

Form elements of the locking pieces 15, 16th

41

marks

FH

holding force

FL

longitudinal forces

FQ

transverse forces

LD

Longitudinal axis of the passage openings 29

L

longitudinal direction

V

vertical direction

Claims (17)

1. Support for a system (1) for fastening a rail (2) on a substrate (3), comprising an angle bracket (14), which has a base section (23) with a contact surface (23a) associated with the respective substrate (3), also comprising a supporting section (22), standing on the base section (23), which on its free front side associated with the rail (2) to be fastened has a bearing surface (21), and also having a through hole (29) formed in the base section (23) for inserting a fastening element (17, 19) intended for fixing the angle bracket (14) on the substrate (3), characterized in that the through hole (29) at least in a direction aligned parallel to the contact surface (23a) has an over-measure in relation to the circumference of the part, in the assembled condition sitting in the through hole, and characterized in that an additional locking piece (15, 16), cooperating with the fastening part (19), is provided for fixing the angle bracket (14) in a particular relative position, obtained by relative movement of fastening part (17, 18) and angle bracket (14).
2. Support according to claim 1, characterized in that the through hole (29) is formed as slotted hole.
3. Support according to claim 2, characterized in that the longitudinal axis (L) of the through hole (29) is aligned substantially perpendicularly to the supporting surface (21) of the supporting section (22).
4. Support according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the locking piece (15, 16) has at least one profile element (38, 39, 40), which is intended to make a positive connection to a correspondingly formed profile element (33, 34) of the angle bracket (14).
5. Support according to claim 4, characterized in that the locking piece (15, 16) has a plurality of profile elements (38, 39, 40).
6. Support according to claim 5, characterized in that the number of profile elements (38, 39, 40) of the locking piece (15, 16) is less than the number of corresponding profile elements (33, 34) of the angle bracket (14).
7. Support according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the locking piece (15, 16) has a lower side associated with the upper side, free in the assembled condition, of the base section (23) and the profile element (40) is embodied on this lower side.
8. Support according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the locking piece (15, 16) has a side surface (36, 37), in that a profile element (38, 39) is embodied on this side surface (36, 37) and in that the angle bracket (14) has a likewise laterally aligned surface (32), on which the respective corresponding profile element (33) is embodied.
9. Support according to claim 8, characterized in that the locking piece (15, 16) has a second side surface (36, 37), which lies opposite the first side surface (37, 36) and on which a profile element (38, 39) is likewise embodied, and the angle bracket (14) has a second side surface (32), which is arranged at a distance from the first side surface (32) and is equipped with profile elements (33), so that the locking piece (15, 16) can be inserted between the two side surfaces (32) of the angle bracket (14) and with the locking piece (15,16) sitting between the two side surfaces (32), a positive connection is made between the profile elements (33, 38, 39) of the side surfaces (32, 36, 37) associated with one another.
10. Support according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the angle bracket (14) has at least two reinforcement ribs (24, 25, 26), which extend between the supporting section (22) and the base section (23) and between one another laterally border an area, in which the locking piece (15, 16), when the support (12, 13) is finally assembled, is held positively at least in sections.
11. Support according to any one of above claims, characterized in that the locking piece (15, 16) has a through hole (29) for the fastening part (17, 18).
12. Support according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the locking piece (15, 16) is in the shape of a cuboid.
13. Support according to any one of above claims, characterized in that markings (41) are provided on the locking piece (15,16) and/or the angle bracket (14), from which the particular relative position of angle bracket (14) and locking piece (15, 16) can be read.
14. Support according to any one of claims 4 to 13, characterized in that the profile elements (33, 34, 38, 39, 40) of locking piece (15, 16) and angle bracket (4) form a snap-lock.
15. Support according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the fastening part (17, 18) in each case is formed by a threaded bolt (19) and a nut (20), to be screwed onto the bolt (19), which in the finally assembled condition acts on the locking piece (15, 16).
16. Support according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the fastening part (17, 18) is formed by a bolt, which in the finally assembled condition, with its bolt head, acts on the locking piece (15,16).
17. System for fastening a rail (2) on a substrate (3) comprising a guide plate (5, 6) for lateral support of the rail to be fastened (2), also comprising a spring element (8, 9), which is supported on the guide plate (5, 6) and having at least one spring arm, which is intended to exert a flexible retention force onto the foot (4) of the rail (2), and also comprising means (10, 11) to clamp the spring element as well as a support (12, 13), which is intended to be firmly connected to the substrate (3) and in the assembled position to laterally support the guide plate (5, 6) against transverse forces (FQ) arising when the rail is driven over, characterized in that the support (12, 13) is embodied according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

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