Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
  • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
  • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
  • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
  • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
  • G01N21/648—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters using evanescent coupling or surface plasmon coupling for the excitation of fluorescence
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
  • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
  • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
  • G01N21/7703—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides
  • G01N2021/7706—Reagent provision
  • G01N2021/7709—Distributed reagent, e.g. over length of guide
  • G01N2021/7713—Distributed reagent, e.g. over length of guide in core

Definitions

• ZM VV arrays have been applied in a range of biochemical analyses and particularly in the field of genetic analysis.
• ZMWs typically comprise a nanoscale core, well or opening disposed in an opaque cladding layer that is disposed upon a transparent substrate. Due to the narrow dimensions of the core electromagnetic radiation that is of a frequenc ⁇ above a particular cut-off frequency w ilt be prevented from propagating all the way through the core. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the radiation w ill penetrate a limited distance into the core, providing a very small illuminated volume w ithin the core. By illuminating a v ery small volume, one can potentially interrogate verv small quantities of reagents, including, e.g.. single molecule reactions.
• the invention provides a zero mode waveguide substrate that comprises a transparent substrate layer having at least a first surface, a metal cladding layer disposed upon the first surface of the transparent substrate layer and an aperture disposed through the cladding layer to the transparent substrate layer, and forming a core region surrounded by the metal cladding layer, wherein the core is dimensioned to prevent electromagnetic radiation of a frequency greater than a cut-off frequency from propagating entirely through the core.
• the substrate also includes a sacrificial anode disposed upon the cladding layer.
• Figure 2 provides a schematic illustration of a ZMW including a sacrificial anode layer.
• analytical substrates generally comprise a rigid or semi-rigid solid substrate, typically substantially planar in overall configuration, upon which reactions of interest may be carried out and monitored, using an associated detection system, such as a fluorescence microscope, optical imaging system, or electrical signal detection system.
• an associated detection system such as a fluorescence microscope, optical imaging system, or electrical signal detection system.
• substrates may have additional functional components manufactured into the substrate or disposed upon a surface of the substrate.
• Such components include, e.g., molecular components, such as molecular binding moieties, e.g., antibodies, nucleic acids non-specific chemical coupling groups, binding peptides, or the like, or property altering groups such as hydrophobic or hydrophilic groups, to provide areas of relative hydrophobicity or h ⁇ drophilicity on the substrates.
• the substrates may have structural components fabricated onto or into the substrates, including, e.g., barriers, wells, posts, pillars, channels, troughs, electrical contacts, mask lavers, cladding layers or the like.
• the zero mode waveguides of the invention are typically fabricated into a substrate that includes a transparent substrate layer and an opaque cladding layer deposited upon the transparent substrate.
• the core portion of the waveguides comprises an aperture disposed through the cladding layer to the transparent layer to define a well having an open upper end and a lower end that is capped by the transparent substrate.
• a schematic illustration of such waveguides is shown in Figure 1.
• the overall substrate 100 includes a waveguide core 102 disposed within opaque cladding layer 104 and continuing through to the transparent substrate layer 106.
• ZMW fabrication can be carried out by a number of methods.
• the zinc layer may generally be co-deposited with the metal cladding layer or deposited as a subsequent layer on top of the metai cladding layer.
• the waveguide core would be disposed through both the galvanic anode and metal cladding layers.
• the anode layer will be from about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm thick, preferably from about 1 to about 100 nm thick, from about 1 to about 50 nm thick and in some cases from about 10 to about 50 nm thick.
• An example of a waveguide substrate in accordance with this aspect of the invention is shown in Figure 2.
• the overall ZMW device 200 again includes a core 102 disposed in cladding layer 104 that is. in turn, disposed on the surface of transparent substrate 106.
• a sacrificial anode layer 208 is disposed upon the upper surface of the cladding layer 104, and serves to prevent excessive galvanic corrosion of the metal cladding layer during application.
• a ZMW substrate 600 includes a core 602 disposed within a cladding layer 604 through to the transparent substrate layer 606.
• a transparent substrate 400 is provided having an upper surface 402.
• a resist layer 404 is then deposited over the surface 402.
• the resist is exposed and developed to yield a negative image of the desired waveguide cores, shown as pillars 406.
• a lajer of additional transparent material 408 is then deposited upon the exposed surface 402 of the substrate to build up the transparent substrate la>er around the pillar 406.
• the transparent material is preferabiy the same or similar in composition to the underlying transparent substrate 400.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
• Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
• Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
• Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-06-11 AU AU2007261114A patent/AU2007261114B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-06-11 JP JP2009515592A patent/JP2009539411A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-06-11 WO PCT/US2007/070901 patent/WO2007149724A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2007-06-11 US US11/761,251 patent/US7486865B2/en active Active
  • 2007-06-11 EP EP07845184.6A patent/EP2027253A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-06-11 CN CN2010102565357A patent/CN101915957B/zh active Active
  • 2007-06-11 CA CA2654470A patent/CA2654470C/en active Active
  • 2007-06-11 CN CN2007800218264A patent/CN101467082B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-06-11 EP EP14188883.4A patent/EP2857829B1/en active Active
• 2008
  • 2008-12-22 US US12/341,556 patent/US7907800B2/en active Active

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