Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
  • F01L1/02—Valve drive
  • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
  • F01L1/047—Camshafts
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B11/00—Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
  • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
  • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
  • F01L13/0036—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction
  • F01L2013/0052—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
  • Y10T29/49286—Crankshaft making
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
  • Y10T74/21—Elements
  • Y10T74/2101—Cams

Definitions

• the invention relates to a shaft with a fixed component.
• Such waves are used in particular as camshafts for example for internal combustion engines for controlling valves.
• the invention does not only relate to camshafts, but can be used wherever there are manufacturing and cost benefits resulting from their use and quality advantages.
• camshafts are known, which are made of cast iron or hard shell cast in one piece.
• these components have the disadvantage that from the production of the green body to the ready-to-install camshaft costly and time-consuming processing steps, such as cam grinding, thermal treatment and straightening must be performed.
• Another manufacturing process is the production of a multi-piece camshaft.
• Such camshafts are referred to as built camshafts.
• the shaft body and the cams are manufactured separately.
• the essentially finished cams can then be fixed on the shaft body.
• DE4121951 C1 describes such a built camshaft.
• the shaft body and the cams are made separately.
• the shaft body has in sections compared to the other areas of the shaft body an enlarged diameter, on which the cams are pushed.
• the fixation of the cams on the shaft body is achieved by a force or frictional engagement between the enlarged diameter portions of the shaft body and the cams.
• the disadvantage of this manufacturing method is the correct positioning of the cam in the radial direction with respect to the camshaft body. An incorrect positioning of the cams relative to each other can have far-reaching effects, in particular in internal combustion engines, since even with a very small deviation of the position of the cams, in particular the control the valves of the internal combustion engine can no longer be guaranteed.
• other non-positive or frictional connections are known.
• a known method is the production of the connection between the component and the shaft by means of a cylindrical interference fit. However, this is a complex and costly process.
• a hollow shaft body must be used, which has a corresponding wall thickness. If the hollow shaft bodies are too thin, plastic deformation may occur.
• DE2838995 shows a built camshaft, wherein the cams are radially fixed by a profiling. By brazing the cam is firmly connected to the shaft body at your intended position.
• a disadvantage of this variant is the influence of heat on the material by brazing. This joining technique causes high stress concentrations at the seams, which limit the load capacity of the entire camshaft. This disadvantage also arises in other connection techniques of both components, in which heat is discharged, such as sintering or welding. To compensate for the high stress concentrations are further costly processing steps of the camshaft, such as Tempering or stress relief annealing, necessary, which severely limit the economics of the process.
• the object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved and cheaper generic device that does not have the disadvantages listed above.
• the basic idea of the invention is to produce the connection between a shaft body and a component by a combined material and form closure, wherein the material connection is provided by means of a heat-poor joining method by means of a high-strength structural adhesive.
• the material connection is provided by means of a heat-poor joining method by means of a high-strength structural adhesive.
• the shaft body can be designed with a specific profile, such as a polygonal profile, or one or more grooves.
• the component to be fixed on a corresponding profile or one or more projections which engage in the corresponding counterparts of the shaft body.
• a form-locking connection is symmetrical to the shaft axis, so that the forces to be transmitted are distributed uniformly.
• the fixed connection of the shaft body and component by a heat-poor Joining process by means of fabric closure.
• High-strength structural adhesives are used here.
• this cohesive connection fixes the component on the shaft body in the axial direction with respect to the shaft body and in addition to the positive engagement in the radial direction. Under operating conditions on the component attacking forces are thus transmitted both via the cohesive, as well as via the positive connection.
• the known high-strength structural adhesives are suitable. These are in particular selected from 1-component or 2-component adhesives based on crosslinking polyurethanes, epoxy resins and / or anaerobically crosslinking acrylate-containing adhesives. It is also possible to use temperature-stable polyimide adhesives. The adhesives should be stable to temperature and solvents under the conditions of use.
• Epoxy resin adhesives are adhesives based on epoxy group-containing oligomers or polymers which can crosslink with nucleophilic or electrophilic curing agents, such as, for example, polyamines, polyamides, polymercaptans, polyols or polyphenols.
• Anaerobic curing adhesives are understood to include those containing oligomers or polymers having unsaturated double bonds, such as acrylate groups, and wherein free radical crosslinking is initiated by activator / initiator systems and initiated under anaerobic conditions.
• activators redox systems are known, in particular metal-containing systems are suitable.
• Polyurethane adhesives are to be understood as meaning reactive adhesives based on isocyanate-group-containing polyurethanes which may be present as a 2 -K system or as a 1 -K system.
• 1-K systems crosslink with water or latent hardeners are activated under the influence of heat.
• isocyanate-containing prepolymers are reacted with curing agents containing nucleophilic, isocyanate-reactive groups, such as OH, NH, SH, COOH groups.
• Suitable adhesive systems are described, for example, in the "Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology” (published by Wiley, 2005) in the chapter “structural adhesives.”
• Such adhesives can be mixed with known further auxiliaries and additives, for example catalysts, fillers, reactive diluents, adhesion promoters, via the specific properties of the adhesive can be influenced.
• the gap between the component and shaft body, in which the high-strength structural adhesive layer is located is preferably kept as small as possible.
• a use of a gap between the component and the shaft body has proven to be below 500 microns. In this way, the adhesive is prevented from shearing under the forces acting on the component under operating conditions and the cohesive connection is destroyed.
• both solid and hollow shaft bodies come into question.
• a shaft body to provide a hollow shaft tube.
• the hollow shaft tube can also be used in particular for oil transport.
• very high dynamic torques can be transmitted as with massive shaft bodies.
• the shaft body may in the present invention of metallic or non-metallic materials, in particular iron-carbon material, alloyed or unalloyed iron, lamellar or Kugelgrafiteisen, cast steel or injection molding and a depending on the purpose of the shaft expedient materials.
• Another advantage is the use of a shaft body as a hollow shaft tube with means for balancing.
• the shaft body can already be formed vibrationally balanced in its production in a predetermined manner. It is conceivable here, for example, a cast shaft body having a lower or stronger wall thickness in the form of indentations or bulges in areas. Thus, the shaft can already be made balanced according to the predetermined vibration characteristics in this first production cycle of the shaft body.
• a corresponding inner profiling of the shaft body designed as a hollow shaft tube according to the necessary for the positive connection with the components outer profiling is conceivable. If, for example, the outer profile of the shaft body is formed as a polygonal profile, it is advantageous to make the inner profile inverted to the outer profile of the shaft body.
• Another advantage is the production of shaft body and at least one component made of different materials.
• high-quality and / or functional materials can be used for the components connected to the shaft body, which better withstand the load requirements.
• the shaft body and / or less loaded components can be fabricated from less expensive and / or easier-to-work materials, so that an additional savings potential can be achieved while high load capacity.
• Extremely wear-resistant ball bearing steels, cast steel, cast iron, ceramic or sintered materials can be used in particular for the highly stressed components.
• Another advantage is the use of components made of sintered material.
• Sintered technology can be used to produce components of any shape that are ready for installation without any mechanical aftertreatment.
• An example is the use of the components and the shaft body in a camshaft with a profiled shaft body, for example an oval, an ellipse or a polygon.
• the openings of the components such as cams or other controls, with which they are pushed onto the shaft body, depending on the profile of the shaft body and depending on the radial position of the components on the shaft body with respect to the axis of the shaft body, designed.
• Further advantageous types of production of the components may be sintering, casting or forging.
• the shaft is a camshaft, as can be used, for example, in internal combustion engines.
• the shaft body may be a camshaft tube and the components may be, for example, cams, sprocket receivers, thrust bearings, thrust bearing shoulders, signalers, eccentrics and / or gears.
• Figure 1 shows a sectional side view of a shaft according to the invention with components.
• Figure 2 shows a shaft according to the invention with component in cross section.
• a section of a shaft according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is used as a built-up camshaft and is generally designated 1.
• the camshaft 1 has a shaft body 2, which is designed as a hollow shaft tube.
• the shaft body 2 is made of a steel pipe.
• cam 3 With the shaft body 2 separately produced cam 3 are firmly connected.
• an anaerobic curing adhesive is used in the present embodiment as a high-strength structural adhesive.
• one- or two-component epoxy resin adhesives or polyurethanes can also be used.
• camshaft 1 To complete the camshaft 1, other not shown components such as a hub, Kettenradability, a thrust bearing with shoulder and usually also an asymmetric position sensor and / or other controls are usually positioned on the camshaft 1 in addition.
• bulges 6 and indentations 5 are provided on the inside of the shaft body designed as a hollow shaft tube 2. These can, as shown in the present embodiment, both on the inner surface of the hollow shaft tube 2, as well as on the outer surface.
• the use of a hollow shaft body 2 is recommended, so that 2 and 1 bulges are already provided in the manufacture of the shaft body 2, so that the shaft body 2 is vibrationally balanced in a predetermined manner.
• FIG. 2 shows a camshaft 1 according to the invention in section through the shaft body 2 and the cam 3.
• the shaft body 2 according to the invention has a recess 8. This recess is designed such that when mounting cam 3 and shaft body 2 in this recess provided on the inner surface of the cam 3 projection 7 can engage. As a result, a positive connection between the shaft body 2 and 3 cam is made.
• the positive connection shown in the embodiment can of course be realized by other forms. Conceivable here would be a polygonal profile of the shaft body 2 and a corresponding profile of the opening of the cam 3 with the cam 3 is pushed onto the shaft body 2.
• the inner surface of the opening of the cam 3 may have one or more projecting extensions, which engage in corresponding gaps in the outer surface of the shaft body 2.
• the cam 3 is positioned in the radial direction with respect to the shaft body 2 in the correct position.
• the different phase positions of a plurality of cams 3 fixed on the shaft body 2 can already be determined by the production of a cam 3.
• the projections 8 of the cams 3 are formed according to the desired phase position at different locations on the opening of the cams 3.
• the cams 3 are produced in the sintering process and provided depending on the predetermined phase position with the appropriate shape.
• the camshaft 1 has an adhesive layer 4 between the cam 3 and the shaft body 2. This adhesive layer 4 is used for fixing in the axial direction with respect to the shaft body 2 and in addition to the positive connection in the radial direction.
• the cam 3 is pushed onto the shaft body 2 in the predetermined angular position with respect to the shaft axis.
• the shaft body 3 may have an arbitrary profile adapted to the application area and the opening of the cam 3 may be profiled in each case in an inverted manner.
• the adhesive application for the adhesive layer between the cam 3 and the shaft body 4 can be applied only when using a flowable, low-viscosity adhesive only when the cam 3 has arrived at the intended position on the shaft body 2. Nevertheless, it is conceivable, in particular in the case of a more viscous adhesive, to carry out the application even before the intended position of the cam 3 is reached.
• the camshaft 1 may include other components not illustrated, such as cams, sprocket receivers, thrust bearings, thrust bearing shoulders, signalers or the like.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Gears, Cams (AREA)
• Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
• Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
• Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=38441359

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (14)

Citations (7)

Family Cites Families (15)

• 2006
  • 2006-06-14 DE DE102006027494A patent/DE102006027494A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-06-06 ES ES07729962T patent/ES2428157T3/es active Active
  • 2007-06-06 PT PT77299626T patent/PT2027170E/pt unknown
  • 2007-06-06 EP EP07729962.6A patent/EP2027170B1/de not_active Revoked
  • 2007-06-06 PL PL07729962T patent/PL2027170T3/pl unknown
  • 2007-06-06 WO PCT/EP2007/055588 patent/WO2007144301A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2007-06-06 KR KR1020087030379A patent/KR20090027632A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2007-06-06 JP JP2009514755A patent/JP2009540240A/ja active Pending
• 2008
  • 2008-12-09 US US12/330,940 patent/US20090139368A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (7)

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