WO2007138604A2 - Système et procédé de traitement par dénitrification - Google Patents

Système et procédé de traitement par dénitrification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007138604A2
WO2007138604A2 PCT/IL2007/000670 IL2007000670W WO2007138604A2 WO 2007138604 A2 WO2007138604 A2 WO 2007138604A2 IL 2007000670 W IL2007000670 W IL 2007000670W WO 2007138604 A2 WO2007138604 A2 WO 2007138604A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
biofilter
stream
denitrification
degassing chamber
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Application number
PCT/IL2007/000670
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English (en)
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WO2007138604A3 (fr
Inventor
Alon Singer
Shmuel Parnes
Asher BRENNER
Amir Sagi
Original Assignee
Ben-Gurion University Of The Negev Research And Development Authority
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Application filed by Ben-Gurion University Of The Negev Research And Development Authority filed Critical Ben-Gurion University Of The Negev Research And Development Authority
Priority to US12/227,863 priority Critical patent/US20100012581A1/en
Publication of WO2007138604A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007138604A2/fr
Priority to IL195543A priority patent/IL195543A0/en
Publication of WO2007138604A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007138604A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to an apparatus and method for treating water, and in particular, to an apparatus and method for the denitrification of wastewater.
  • the present invention aims to provide a compact water treatment system for the removal of nitrate (and nitrite) , which is particularly useful for aquaculture (aquafarming) systems including, but not limited to, small, remote and urban systems.
  • a popular and economically feasible method to remove ammonia/ammonium, by nitrification, is through the use of trickling filters.
  • the importance of bed substrate in nitrifying biofilters is immense (Kim, S. K. et al., Removal of ammonium-N from a recirculating aquaculture system using an immobilized nitrifier, Aquacultural Engineering, 2000, Vol. 21, pp. 139-150) . If efficient nitrification is to take place, the bed substrate needs to be porous, durable, and low in cost, have a high surface area to volume ratio, not to clog easily, and to supports a homogenous flow of water.
  • Denitrification the process wherein Nitrate is reduced to Nitrogen gas (also through nitrite) , is defined by:
  • the process of biological denitrification is carried out by facultative anaerobic bacteria, which in the presence of a carbon source, and in the absence of dissolved gaseous oxygen carry out the process. Furthermore, denitrification serves to increase the buffering capacity of the system (vanRijn, 1996) . Additionally, providing an anaerobic environment not only serves to remove Nitrate, but can also reduce the total system phosphate concentrations (Barak, Y., vanRijn, J., Biological phosphate removal in a prototype recirculating aquaculture treatment system, Aquacultural Engineering, 2000, Vol. 22, pp. 121-136) , and be applied for the removal of various contaminants present in water and wastewater.
  • the two major problems characterizing the existing denitrification systems used nowadays are: i) the addition of the correct amounts of soluble carbon compounds (such as methanol) to support bacterial growth is difficult to maintain (due to fluctuations of water flow rate and nitrate levels) and therefore, might leach and contaminate the system water; and ii) high levels of oxygen in the biofilter inflow (close to saturation due to intensive aeration of the ponds) inhibit denitrification and cause partial aerobic degradation of the organic carbon applied.
  • these denitrification systems require larger systems in order to compensate lose of organic matter in aerobic metabolism.
  • the existence of inorganic soluble Nitrogen compounds is one of the by products of the aquaculture industry.
  • a biological treatment comprises two processes, i.e. a nitrification process for converting Ammonia to Nitrate, and a denitrification process for converting Nitrate to Nitrogen gas.
  • This biological treatment is the source of some difficulties which are due to the fact that the two different reaction vessels needed (i.e., nitrification and denitrification) require different physical conditions.
  • additional difficulties to be resolved in these systems are due to the negative influence (reduction in growth) the residual concentrations of dissolved oxygen in system water (following aeration in the aquaculture ponds where oxygen reaches saturation) has on the denitrifying bacteria.
  • the currently known denitrifying systems require an external source of carbon.
  • This source is usually chosen to be a simple and cheap soluble material such as methanol, ethanol or glucose (Sauthier et al., Biological denitrification applied to a marine closed aquaculture system, Water Research, 1998, Vol. 32, pp. 1932-1938).
  • Anason et al ⁇ Limited water exchange production systems for ornamental fish, Aquaculture Research, 2003, Vol. 34, pp. 937-941 made a rudimentary attempt to see if building a recirculating system is possible using only the most minimal of capital investments. This study showed that by providing even the most basic of biological filters, it becomes possible to decrease the amount of water needed in order to deal with inorganic nitrogen accumulation.
  • a nitrogen treating method and system for a nitrogen compound is described in US 6,984,326, which attempts to reduce the size and cost of the treatmnet apparatus by a treatment process based on an electrochemical technique, wherein a cathode reaction region and an anode reaction region are defined by a cation exchange membrane interposed between a cathode and an anode.
  • a system for the treatment of wastewater includes a conventional septic tank and two sanitization modules connected in series and automatically controlled by a controller, wherein the first sanitization module includes a cylindrical container and a filtering pouch, and wherein said cylindrical container includes small polymer balls used as a non-clogging media to attract the bacteria injected in the wastewater.
  • 6320182 describes denitrification means for removing nitrogen from water wherein a number of contact filter media consisting of the nonwoven fabric coated with an insoluble pyridinium type resin are attached to a water- permeable container at intervals, said contact filter media are obtained by forming a string or paper strip on a porous nonwoven fabric consisting of fibers such as rayon, cotton, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., having its surface coated with an insoluble pyridinium type resin having halogenated pyridinium group in the molecule.
  • the present invention generally relates to the treatment of nitrate rich water, particularly aquaculture pond water.
  • the present invention provides a two-stage treatment process, wherein in the first stage a degassing chamber is used to remove dissolved oxygen from a stream of water flowing out of the aquaculture system, and in the second stage the stream of water obtained from said degassing chamber is flown into a denitrifying biofilter comprising a biofilter media which functions as a biological growth media and as a carbon source, wherein said denitrifying biofilter is capable of biologically reducing both nitrate and nitrite compounds into nitrogen gas.
  • the inventors of the present invention discovered that denitrification of water can be carried out efficiently utilizing relatively small (e.g., 45 liter biofilter for a 13 m 3 aquaculture pond) treatment vessels, while minimizing release of organic residuals, preventing inhibition of denitrification, and simplifying maintenance and reducing costs .
  • the present invention is directed to a denitrification apparatus comprising a degassing chamber adapted to remove dissolved oxygen from a stream of water flown thereinto, and an anoxic biofiltering means capable of carrying out denitrification of a stream of water received from said degassing chamber.
  • the degassing chamber may be implemented by a relatively small
  • a degassing apparatus such 8S 1 a vacuum pump (e.g., venturi vacuum pump) connected to an upper portion of said tank, preferably to its ceiling, is used for applying negative pressure conditions (e.g., 0.1-0.3 bars) thereinside.
  • a vacuum pump e.g., venturi vacuum pump
  • the anoxic biofiltering means may be implemented by an elongated vessel comprising a water inlet and a water outlet provided in opposing sides thereof such that water streamed therethrough is flown along the length of said vessel, one or more biofilter medias disposed along the length of said vessel covering cross-sectional sections thereof such that water flown thereinside is forced to pass through said biofilter medias, and a plurality of spacer elements filling sections of said vessel.
  • the biofilter medias preferably comprise materials (e.g., cotton) capable of functioning as growth media and as a Carbon source.
  • the spacer elements are preferably small (e.g., having a diameter of about 5-8 mm) porous balls or beads.
  • a water pump may be used for supplying the stream of water to the degassing chamber.
  • the present invention is directed to a method for denitrifying water, the method comprising: providing a stream of water, removing dissolved oxygen from said stream of water and thereafter filtering said stream of water by means of one or more biofilter medias capable of functioning as growth media and as a Carbon source.
  • the filtering is carried out in an elongated vessel having the one or more biofilter medias installed along its length, wherein the water is flown along the length of said elongated vessel.
  • a uniform water stream may be obtained in the elongated vessel by means of a plurality of spacer elements filling portions of said elongated vessel.
  • the present invention is directed to a water treatment system comprising: a source of water, a degassing chamber adapted to receive a stream of water from said water source and remove dissolved oxygen therefrom, an anoxic biofiltering means adapted to denitrify a stream of water received from said degassing chamber by means of a biofilter media capable of functioning as a biological growth media and as a carbon source, an aerobic biofiltering means adapted to receive water stream from said water source and from said anoxic biofilter and to provide a nitrified stream (ammonia-free filtrate - following biological nitrification) to a water filtering means connected thereto.
  • the water filtering means is preferably a type of particle sand filter aimed at purifying the water from suspended and colloid residuals for producing clear water.
  • the anoxic biofiltering means is implemented by an elongated vessel one or more of the biofilter media disposed along its length and a plurality of spacers filling sections of said elongated vessel.
  • the water treatment system of the invention may be further used for removing excess CO 2 from the aquaculture system.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a water treatment system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a possible embodiment of the degassing chamber
  • Fig. 3A schematically illustrates a preferred embodiment of the denitrifying biofilter
  • Fig. 3B is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the biofilter media
  • Figs. 4A and 4B are graphs showing nitrate concentrations obtained with two experimental implementations of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results obtained with an implementation of the invention without the degassing chamber .
  • the present invention relates to a Nitrogen treatment system and method for treating water containing inorganic Nitrogen (Nitrate and nitrite) , such as nitrate rich aquaculture water.
  • the Nitrogen treatment of the present invention incorporates a two-stage approach in carrying out the denitrification process. In the first stage, dissolved oxygen is removed from the water by a degassing chamber, thereafter the water is flown from the degassing ⁇ chamber into a denitrifying biofilter, wherein the biofilter media (e.g., cotton-wool), is used as a biological growth media and as a carbon source, which serves as a primary electron donor.
  • the biofilter media e.g., cotton-wool
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a water treatment system 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Water treatment system 10 circulates the water in pond 11 through three treatment subsystems: i) an anoxic denitrification subsystem 10a; ii) an aerobic nitrification filtration subsystem 12; and iii) a physical filtration system 13.
  • the three sub-systems may be operated independently.
  • the water stream 17s obtained from anoxic denitrification subsystem 10a is fed into aerobic nitrification filtration subsystem 12.
  • aerobic nitrification filtration subsystem 12 receives two water feeds: i) a water stream 11s provided directly from pond 11; and ii) water stream 17s obtained from aerobic nitrification filtration subsystem 12.
  • This flow arrangement enables complete removal of nitrites (which is a more toxic substance of the two, nitrate and nitrite) by a two fold action: denitrification (reduction of nitrite into nitrogen gas) in the anoxic biofilter 17 provided in anoxic denitrification subsystem 10a; and nitrification (oxidation of nitrite to nitrate) in aerobic nitrification filtration subsystem ' (aerobic biofilter) 12.
  • Anoxic denitrification subsystem 10a comprises a vacuum degassing chamber 16, which receives a stream of pond water lip from pond 11, and an anoxic biofilter 17, which receives a stream of water obtained from vacuum degassing chamber 16 and outputs a water stream 17s supplied to aerobic nitrification filtration subsystem 10b.
  • Aerobic nitrification filtration subsystem 12 comprises an aerobic trickling biofilter which provides a stream of water (the obtained filtrate) to physical filtration unit 13, said aerobic nitrification filtration subsystem 12 receives a stream of pond water 11s (containing ammonia) and outputs a stream of water 12s which is supplied to said physical filtration unit 13.
  • a water stream 13t provided by filtration unit 13 is reintroduced into pond 11, and a portion of this stream 13s is supplied to protein fractionator 14, which is used for removing organic matter and fine solids therefrom.
  • vacuum degassing chamber 16 comprises a water tank 21 having a water inlet 23 preferably provided in an upper portion of said water tank 21, a water outlet 24 preferably provided in a lower portion of said water tank 21, and vacuum pump 22 provided in an upper portion of said water tank 21, preferably in its ceiling.
  • a water pump 28 may be used for streaming water from pond 11 into water tank 21, via water inlet 23.
  • Said water inlet 23 is connected to a spray nozzle 25 assembled inside water tank 21. In this way the water stream (lip) supplied by water pump 28 is sprinkled inside water tank 21 via spray nozzle 25 such that dissolved gaseous O 2 is effectively stripped therefrom by means of vacuum pump 22.
  • degassing chamber 16 may be used to resolve further problems associated with intensive aquaculture systems wherein there is accumulation of carbon dioxide gas in the system water. Namely, the CO2 accumulated in the water can be stripped simultaneously with the stripped oxygen and thus reduce quantities of chemicals needed for pH control.
  • Pond 11 is typically a man made water reservoir capable of holding water volumes needed for growth and reproduction of a variety of aquaculture products.
  • the water in pond 11 may comprise mixtures of freshwater and seawater (up to 40 g/1) to enable growing of marine and freshwater organisms (e.g fish, crustacean invertebrates or algae) .
  • the shapes of the tanks and the drainage systems should be specifically adapted to each production scheme.
  • Water tank 21 may be any type of metallic or plastic vessel capable of maintaining the needed pressure conditions needed for the oxygen stripping to take place.
  • water tank 21 employed is a relatively simple system designed to occupy a volume of about 10 liters (e.g., for handling a 13 m 3 aquaculture pond), operated with a very low vacuum of about 1 psi. With such operational parameters oxygen concentrations in the treated water may be reduced from saturation to zero.
  • Vacuum pump 22 may be implemented by any suitable pressure pump capable of applying negative pressure conditions in water tank 21.
  • said pressure conditions is in the range of 100 to 500 mbar, preferably about 100 mbar if oxygen stripping only is required.
  • vacuum pump 22 is a type of venturi vacuum pump, such as, but not limited to, JD-100M-STAA4 manufactured by Vaccon (USA) .
  • water pump 28 may be implemented by a small pump capable of providing flow rates in the range of 10 to 30 liters/h, preferably about 20 liters/h.
  • Degassing chamber 16 may be placed above anoxic biofilter 17.
  • anoxic biofilter 17 which comprises an elongated vessel 30 having a water inlet 33 and a water outlet 32, said water inlet 33 and water outlet 32 are preferably provided in opposing sides of said elongated vessel 30 in order to obtain liquid flow along its length.
  • water inlet 33 is centered in the side of elongated vessel 30 opposing the side wherein water outlet 32 is located.
  • the biofilter media 36 located inside elongated vessel 30 should fit into cross sectional portions thereof such that the liquid stream passing thereinside is forced to pass through said biofilter media 36.
  • the space between adjacent biofilter media 36 sections inside elongated vessel 30, and between said biofilter media 36 and the sides of elongated vessel 30, is filled with beads 35, which are used to increase the surface area of biofilter 17 and thereby provide a uniform liquid flow along the length of elongated vessel 30, and for providing support for biofilter media 36 disposed thereinside.
  • This structure of anoxic biofilter 17 increases biofilter media 36 surface area despite compression, by preventing pressure drops and enabling simple replacement of the filtering media 36.
  • elongated vessel 30 is a cylindrical elongated vessel and biofilter media 36 disposed thereinside, as illustrated in Fig. 3B, is shaped in a form of a disk 36d having a circumferential projection 36p at the boundaries of one side thereof. In this way water can continuously flow through elongated vessel 30 without occurrence of pressure drops and compaction of the biofilter media 36.
  • Elongated vessel 30 may be any type of metallic or plastic vessel.
  • elongated vessel 30 is a cylindrical vessel having a volume in the range of 30 to 80 liters, preferably about 50 liters, having a length generally in the range of 50 to 80 cm, preferably about 65 cm, and a radius generally in the range of 10 to 20 cm, preferably about 15 cm.
  • the width of biofilter media (modules) 36 may be in the range of 10 to 20 cm, and the number of modules disposed along elongated vessel 30 is preferably in the range of 5 to 10.
  • Biofilter media 36 preferably comprise materials that can serve as a solid carbon source, such as, but not limited to, raw cotton or straw, preferably cotton wool.
  • Biofilter media 36 may be encased in a metallic/plastic net configured in a desirable shape, such as shown in Fig. 3B, said metallic/plastic may have aperture size in the range of 50 to 100 mm, preferably about 80 mm.
  • biofilter media 36 is made entirely from cotton wool, which serves dually as biological growth media and as carbon source for denitrification bacteria.
  • Beads 35 are preferably small porous balls having a diameter generally in the range of 5 to 10 mm, preferably about 8 mm. Beads 35 may be made from plastic. Beads 35 serve as spacers, for reducing biofilter media 36 overall compressibility, and also serve to homogenize the liquid flow through elongated vessel 30.
  • the flow rate through anoxic biofilter 17 may generally be in the range of 10 to 30 liter/h, preferably about 20 liter/h.
  • Anoxic biofilter 17 may be placed directly under the degassing chamber 16.
  • Aerobic trickling biofilter of aerobic nitrification filtration subsystem 12 may be any type of aerobic trickling biofilter as commonly used in the aquaculture industry.
  • the physical filtration 13 is preferably carried out by means of a particulate sand filter, for example, Astral 750, manufactured by Astarlpool (Spain) .
  • Protein fractionator 14 may be implemented by any suitable fractionator as commonly used in the aquaculture industy.
  • Example The following non-limiting example presents results obtained in an experimental setup of the present invention.
  • the anoxic biofilter (-50 liter) was constructed from a PVC pipe that was filled with commercial cotton wool (such as commercially available in pharmacies), and plastic beads packed in the manner illustrated in Fig. 3A.
  • Cotton wool served as the main carbon source for the denitrifying bacteria as well as its growth medium due to its low cost, availability, low water solubility, and due to the fact that it does not breakdown into other organic compounds.
  • the beads served primarily as spacers, which help to reduce the overall compressibility of the cotton. This increased the active zone (zone which the denitrification takes place) and thereby increased overall effectiveness.
  • the total amount of beads in the column was approximately 26 liter, and the total cotton wool content was about 1.1 kg.
  • a small (10 liter) plastic degassing chamber which was placed above the cotton-wool- filled column, was used for physically stripping the water of dissolved gaseous O 2 by means of a Venturi vacuum tube (Vaccon JD-100M-STAA4) , thereby eliminating the need for other degassing techniques such as the bubbling of Nitrogen gas.
  • the influent pipe of the degassing chamber comprise a spray-like ending inside degassing chamber, containing a number of small holes; thereby increasing the surface-area to volume ratio of the water to be deoxygenated. Using this approach an effective and low maintenance system was produced which enabled effective denitrification.
  • the experimental set-up was situated in a greenhouse at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. Beer- Sheva is located inland approximately 60km from the nearest coastline. Two artificial shrimp ponds were located inside a dark room (6*12 m) that occupied half of the greenhouse. Water from the ponds was allowed to flow out of the dark room into separate water treatment facilities that occupied the other half of the greenhouse. Each water treatment facility included: an aerobic biofilter, a pump (UltraFlow, Pentair Pool Products, USA) , a particulate sand filter (Astral 750, Astarlpool, Spain) .
  • the denitrifying biofiltration system and a foam fractionator (Fresh-Skim 200, Sander, Germany) were assembled in parallel to the main water flow.
  • a small aquarium pump fed the water from the shrimp pond directly to the denitrifying biofiltration system, and the water stream obtained from its outlet was flown to the aerobic biofilter (Fig. 3A) .
  • the aerobic biofilter comprised a polyethylene container ( ⁇ 100 liter) filled with plastic beads (Aridal Bio- Balls, 860 m 2 of surface area and 160 kg per cubic meter, Aridal, Israel) .
  • Each pond was filled with 13 m 3 synthetic brackish water and was maintained at 29+l°C.
  • Synthetic brackish water was prepared by raising the salinity of local tap water to 4 ppt (Atkinson and Bingman, 1997 (Atkinson, M.J., Bingman, C, 1997. Elemental composition of commercial seasalts. J. Aquaricult. Aquatic. Sci. 8, 39-43.) with synthetic sea salts (Red Sea Salt, Red Sea, Israel) . Pond biomass density was approximately 590 g/m 3 , and dry feed constituted approximately 3.5 % of total biomass a day.
  • Figs. 4A-4B show the results obtained with both systems after 115 days, wherein Fig. 4A shows the N-Nitrate concentrations in the first experimental system and Fig. 4B shows the N- Nitrate concentrations in the second experimental system.
  • the results of both systems suggest that maintaining a low nitrate level in system water is possible. Starting Nitrate levels were very high and a sharp decline was evidenced after approximately 2 weeks. After the sharp decline, nitrate levels remained stable at approximately 6-7 mgN/1.
  • Fig. 5 shows the results of the preliminary system, without the degassing chamber.
  • Starting N- Nitrate levels were low initial N-Nitrate concentrations.
  • the system reached a final steady-state concentration of approximately 60 mg/1 as N.
  • the present invention provides efficient nitrate removal scheme for water treatment processes, wherein the facilities used for carrying out the denitrification are of relatively small sizes and employs relatively inexpensive means.
  • the facilities used for carrying out the denitrification are of relatively small sizes and employs relatively inexpensive means.
  • the following are particularly desirable in aquaculture systems:
  • the denitrification system of the invention is simple to construct and maintain and that this innovative biofilter system may be easily enlarged by the addition of bed modules to cope with increasing flow rates.
  • the present invention may be employed in other applications involving anaerobic bio-filters for the treatment of water and wastewater.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de traitement en deux étapes, pour le traitement d'eau riche en nitrates, en particulier de l'eau d'étang pour aquaculture, dans lequel à la première étape, une chambre de dégazage est utilisée pour éliminer l'oxygène dissous d'un courant d'eau s'écoulant hors du système d'aquaculture, et à la seconde étape, le courant d'eau obtenu à partir de ladite chambre de dégazage, s'écoule dans un biofiltre de dénitrification comprenant un milieu de biofiltre qui fonctionne comme milieu de croissance biologique et comme source de carbone, ledit biofiltre de dénitrification étant capable de réduire biologiquement les composés de nitrate et de nitrite en gaz d'azote.
PCT/IL2007/000670 2006-06-01 2007-05-31 Système et procédé de traitement par dénitrification WO2007138604A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/227,863 US20100012581A1 (en) 2006-06-01 2007-05-31 Denitrification treatment system and method
IL195543A IL195543A0 (en) 2006-06-01 2008-11-26 Denitrification treatment system and method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80983206P 2006-06-01 2006-06-01
US60/809,832 2006-06-01

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WO2007138604A3 WO2007138604A3 (fr) 2016-06-09

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US20130345488A1 (en) * 2011-03-08 2013-12-26 Diversified Technologies Services, Inc. Organic nitrate explosive treatment system
CN107601665A (zh) * 2017-10-31 2018-01-19 沈阳建筑大学 一种污水厂尾水总氮的去除装置及方法
CN110204044A (zh) * 2019-06-24 2019-09-06 鞍钢集团工程技术有限公司 一种强化反硝化脱总氮的方法及装置
CN110467259A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2019-11-19 山西大学 一种生物质反硝化固态碳源的制备方法与应用
CN111704240A (zh) * 2020-06-24 2020-09-25 安徽环境科技集团股份有限公司 一种负压反冲洗生物滤池及清洗方法
CN111704240B (zh) * 2020-06-24 2021-11-02 安徽环境科技集团股份有限公司 一种负压反冲洗反硝化生物滤池及清洗方法

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