WO2007134558A1 - Elektrische antriebseinheit - Google Patents
Elektrische antriebseinheit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007134558A1 WO2007134558A1 PCT/DE2006/000890 DE2006000890W WO2007134558A1 WO 2007134558 A1 WO2007134558 A1 WO 2007134558A1 DE 2006000890 W DE2006000890 W DE 2006000890W WO 2007134558 A1 WO2007134558 A1 WO 2007134558A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drive unit
- electric drive
- wedge brake
- electric motor
- braking torque
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
- H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
- H02P3/26—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by combined electrical and mechanical braking
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
- H02P3/02—Details of stopping control
- H02P3/04—Means for stopping or slowing by a separate brake, e.g. friction brake or eddy-current brake
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/106—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with dynamo-electric brakes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric drive unit with an electric motor and a brake for generating a mechanical braking torque.
- an electric motor can in principle be decelerated in a purely electrical manner by generating a regenerative braking torque
- the combination of electric drives with mechanically acting brakes is widespread both in the industrial environment and in traffic engineering.
- the maximum possible braking torque is limited by the design of the electric motor.
- the braking effect decreases in the lower speed range of the electric motor.
- a holding torque can not be achieved in a regenerative manner at a standstill and in the event of a sudden power failure, the regenerative braking effect finally fails completely.
- the mentioned disadvantages can be reduced.
- Such electromagnetically actuated brakes are generally designed as spring-applied brakes and are used in simple applications. Their mechanically generated braking or holding torque is constant and defined by the spring force. The excitation needed during operation of the electric motor The brake solenoid required to hold the brake consumes additional energy.
- hydraulically controlled brakes are generally used.
- a mechanical braking torque can be controlled or regulated via a hydraulic or pneumatic circuit.
- an electromechanical brake for braking a motor vehicle in which a self-reinforcing and controllable braking effect can be achieved by the use of at least one wedge.
- a brake is also called a wedge brake.
- the invention has for its object to allow a controlled mechanical braking of an electric motor as low as possible arm.
- the invention is based on the finding that the electronically controlled wedge brake, which is nowadays used in particular from vehicle technology for the controlled braking of a motor vehicle (also known as brake by wire), can be combined with an electric motor in a very advantageous manner in order to achieve this to be able to decelerate with a controllable mechanical braking torque.
- the use of the electronically controlled wedge brake for generating a mechanical braking torque for the electric motor has the advantage over conventional mechanically deceleratable drive units that excellent controllability of the braking torque purely electrical ways can be achieved without additional hydraulic or pneumatic circuits must be provided.
- To set the desired Bremsm ⁇ mentes one or more wedges of one or more servomotors are moved into a position by which a certain frictional force and thus the desired desired braking torque is set within the brake system.
- the power consumption of such a wedge brake is minimal, since energy is consumed only during the adjusting operations by the servomotors. Due to the self-reinforcing effect of the wedge brake a required braking force can be achieved with only about 10% of the energy of a comparable, usually hydraulically actuated disc brake. Even compared to known from the prior art electromagnetically actuated spring-applied brakes, the electronically controlled wedge brake is characterized by a significantly lower energy consumption. In the case of an electromagnetically actuated spring-loaded brake, the excitation of a coil actuating the spring-pressure brake must be continuously maintained during operation of the electric motor, which leads to continuous energy consumption at the desired braking torque zero. This is not the case with the electronically controlled wedge brake, since energy is only consumed during the setting processes. Above all, however, the electromagnetically actuated spring pressure brake known from the prior art is not suitable for controlled braking of the electric motor due to its two-point action.
- a particularly compact design of the electric drive unit is achieved in that the electronically controlled wedge brake for is provided directly braking the rotor shaft of the electric motor, wherein the electronically controlled wedge brake and the electric motor are integrated in particular in a common housing.
- the braking force of the wedge brake is thus exerted directly on the shaft of the electric motor and not on a z. B. via a transmission and / or a propeller shaft coupled element.
- electric motors are controlled by power-electronic modules, for example, to be able to set different speeds or to be able to control a controlled run-up of the electric motor.
- this has a power electronic module driving the electric motor as well as a control unit for generating first control signals for the power electronic module and second control signals for the wedge brake.
- a targeted and coordinated operating behavior of the electric motor and the wedge brake can be adjusted by the control unit which is the parent of the electric motor and the wedge brake.
- the power electronic assembly is designed as a converter, in particular as a frequency converter.
- a converter for a three-phase electrical machine in the form of a three-phase inverter with DC intermediate circuit can be performed.
- This makes it possible to provide different input voltages for the electric motor over a wide frequency range and thus set different speeds of the electric motor.
- both a motor and a generator operation of the electric motor can be realized in a very simple manner. For example, by recuperative braking of the electric motor, even energy which is generated as a generator when the engine is decelerating can be fed back into a feeding network.
- An alternative embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the electronic module is designed as a soft starter.
- Such a soft starter is carried out depending on the power class of the electric motor either with triacs or with thyristors, is used for smooth startup of the electric motor.
- the soft starter also makes it possible, in addition to a defined startup of the motor, to operate the electric motor as an engine brake when switching off.
- an embodiment of the electric drive unit is advantageous in which the first control signals for generating a genera toric braking torque during braking of the electric motor are provided. In this way, the electric drive unit can be braked both regeneratively and mechanically via the wedge brake.
- the control unit is provided for coordinated control of the regenerative braking torque and the mechanical braking torque generated by the wedge brake during the braking process.
- the higher-level control unit can determine the optimum distribution of the required braking torque with respect to regenerative and mechanical braking as a function of the current operating case and the specified setpoint value for the braking torque. For example, initially at a very high speed of the electric motor, the control unit would provide a regenerative generation of the braking torque, while the wedge brake would participate more and more in the deceleration process with decreasing speed of the engine due to the decreasing effect of the generatori Effective braking torque.
- the braking process as gentle as possible and - especially when a recuperative braking is provided - are carried out energy-saving.
- this has at least one servomotor.
- the power electronic assembly is provided for power supply at least one servo motor of the wedge brake, which is provided for adjusting the mechanical braking torque of the wedge brake.
- an embodiment of the electric drive unit is advantageous, in which the electric drive unit has a monitoring unit for detecting a power failure and specifying an emergency braking torque for the wedge brake in the event of a power failure the emergency braking torque, in particular the maximum braking torque of the wedge brake corresponds.
- a further embodiment of the invention is advantageous in which the wedge brake is provided for applying a holding torque for the electric motor.
- an embodiment of the electrical drive unit is advantageous in which the electric drive unit has means for manual specification of the mechanical braking torque.
- the means for manual specification of the mechanical braking torque for canceling the mechanical Bremsmo- mentes are provided for the purpose of ventilating the wedge brake.
- FIG. 1 shows an integrated embodiment of the electric drive unit according to the invention with a wedge brake
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a mechanically braked electric drive unit known from the prior art
- FIG. 3 shows a further integrated embodiment of the electric drive unit according to the invention with a wedge brake and a monitoring unit
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of the monitoring unit.
- the electric drive unit 1 shows an integrated embodiment of the electric drive unit according to the invention with a wedge brake 2.
- the said wedge brake 2 is integrated together with an electric motor 1 in a common housing.
- the electric drive unit further comprises a control unit 4, the first control signals 5 for a power electronic
- the power electronic module 3 is designed, for example, as a three-phase frequency converter, which generates a three-phase three-phase system of variable frequency for the electric motor 1.
- the frequency of the three-phase system to be generated and thus the rotational speed of the electric motor 1 and / or the torque to be generated by the electric motor 1 can be predetermined via the first control signals 5.
- the power electronic module 3 embodied as a frequency converter comprises a subordinate control, not shown here, which derives 5 switching signals for the drivers of the components of the frequency converter from the first control signals.
- About the first control signals 5 can be determined directly or indirectly, whether the electric motor 1 should operate in motor operation or in generator operation. In generator operation, the electric motor 1 is electrically braked.
- the electrical energy obtained in this case can either be converted into heat in a braking resistor or fed back into a supplying network.
- a recuperative brakes Such recuperative braking is characterized by the energy return feed as particularly economical and is also low in wear, since no mechanical abrasion takes place. However, the effect of the generatori Operating braking process decreases with decreasing engine speed continuously. Finally, a holding torque for the electric motor 1 can not be generated by generative braking.
- the electric drive unit comprises the mechanically acting wedge brake 2, which is also controlled by the higher-level control unit 4.
- the control unit 4 for example, speed-dependent on the first and second control signals 5.6 to each operating point before an individual division between generatori Service and electric braking torque.
- the advantage of the illustrated electric drive unit lies in particular in the electrical controllability of the mechanically acting wedge brake 2.
- the second control signals 6 can be converted by a servo motor of the wedge brake 2 directly into a corresponding position for the braking wedge or the braking wedges of the wedge brake 2.
- electrical energy is consumed exclusively during the control process of the servomotors.
- mechanical brakes for controlled braking of an electric drive pneumatic or hydraulic hauler auxiliary circuits that go to the detriment of the compactness of such a drive unit and cause additional costs and increased maintenance.
- the matching of the electrical and the mechanical brake torque is in the illustrated drive unit particularly simple because no detour over a complex hydraulic or pneumatic is necessary to generate the mechanical braking torque and the second control signals can be used in particular directly for controlling the servomotors NEN ,
- the drive unit 2 shows a known from the prior art embodiment of a mechanically braked drive unit with an electric motor 1, which is fed by a power electronic module 3 variable speed.
- the drive unit has a mechanical brake unit designed, for example, as a hydraulic disc brake 8.
- the drive unit is controlled via a control unit 4 which, in the form of first and second control signals 5, 6 during a deceleration process, determines the division between regenerative and mechanical braking torque.
- the second control signals 6, which determine the mechanical part of the braking process are supplied to a hydraulic control 9, which controls a hydraulic auxiliary circuit in accordance with the second control signals 6.
- FIG. 3 shows a further integrated embodiment of the electric drive unit according to the invention with a wedge brake 2 and a monitoring unit 7.
- the illustrated integrated embodiment of the electric drive unit essentially corresponds to that already shown in FIG.
- a monitoring unit 7 was added, which is provided to secure the phase-out phase of a braking operation and to set a holding torque in case of power failure.
- the monitoring unit 7 enables manually controlled release of the wedge brake 2.
- the wedge brake 2 is supplied with the power required for adjusting the servomotors of the wedge brake 2 by the power electronic module 3, which is designed in particular as a soft starter. Since the monitoring unit 7 is also provided for detecting a power failure, the power supply line 10 is initially guided by the soft starter 3 to the monitoring unit 7 and only then to the wedge brake 2. In this way, the monitoring unit 7 can detect a power failure and, for example via a
- Emergency power supply specify the holding torque for the wedge brake 2.
- An output signal 11 of the monitoring unit 7 would, in such a case, determine the holding torque for the wedge brake 2 instead of the second control signal 6 predetermined by the control unit 4.
- the monitoring unit 7 is connected on the input side to the second control signals 6 and the power supply line 10.
- the second control signals 6 predetermined by the control unit are looped through to the output of the monitoring unit 7.
- an emergency command value 13 is output at the output of the monitoring unit 7 instead of the second control signal 6.
- the monitoring unit 7 has means for manually releasing the wedge brake. With their help, a user can specify a desired air value 14, which takes the place of the second control signal 6 specified by the control unit.
- the setpoints for these two special cases described can either be defined in advance or parameterized depending on the application via the higher-level control unit 4.
- the monitoring unit 7 has a super-capacitor 15 serving as an energy store, which is charged in normal operation and, in the event of a power failure, makes available the energy required for setting the emergency setpoint 13.
- a super-capacitor 15 also called super cap
- the supercapacitor 15 can of course also be used a battery.
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of the monitoring unit 7 as an example of a hardware implementation.
- the monitoring unit 7 is supplied with the second control signal 6 and the power supply line 10 on the input side.
- the monitoring unit 7 provides the operating voltage U B for the wedge brake.
- the monitoring unit 7 comprises a voltage monitoring circuit 16 which is intended to monitor a failure of the mains voltage. Even in case of power failure, the operating voltage U 5 can be provided by the monitoring unit 7, since the monitoring unit 7 for this purpose has a supercapacitor 15 which is charged to the value of the operating voltage U B.
- a series resistor Rvz / an optocoupler OK and via a zener diode D whose breakdown voltage U 2 of the operating voltage U B corresponds to a current so that on the receiver side of the optocoupler the operating voltage U B via a pull up resistor is applied to the illustrated NAND gate.
- the LED of the optocoupler OK goes out.
- the signal changes from high (H) to low (L) when mains failure is detected.
- the two switching functions for the setpoints are symbolized in this example with the second control signal 6, which is specified by the higher-level control unit 4, with a NAND or AND gate.
- this setpoint controls the wedge brake to a maximum braking torque, which then remains at standstill as a holding torque.
- the functions of the monitoring unit can also be implemented by software technology using a digital signal processor.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2006/000890 WO2007134558A1 (de) | 2006-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Elektrische antriebseinheit |
DE112006003968T DE112006003968A5 (de) | 2006-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Elektrische Antriebseinheit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2006/000890 WO2007134558A1 (de) | 2006-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Elektrische antriebseinheit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007134558A1 true WO2007134558A1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
Family
ID=37603287
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2006/000890 WO2007134558A1 (de) | 2006-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Elektrische antriebseinheit |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE112006003968A5 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2007134558A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109968733A (zh) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-05 | 扬力集团股份有限公司 | 一种双驱动节能型伺服压力机的控制系统 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0223080A (ja) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-25 | Meidensha Corp | ロボットの制動方式 |
EP0758591A1 (de) * | 1994-12-06 | 1997-02-19 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Bremsregelvorrichtung für ein elektrisches motorfahrzeug |
WO1999031792A1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-06-24 | Unique Mobility, Inc. | Electric motor with internal brake |
DE10003692A1 (de) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-02 | Moeller Gmbh | Elektrisches Schaltgerät |
WO2003065546A2 (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2003-08-07 | Michael Frederick Johnson | Electric motor drive assembly and its use in a hybridvehicle |
WO2004003401A1 (de) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-01-08 | Estop Gmbh | Einspurfahrzeug mit elektromechanischer scheibenbremse |
DE102004048758A1 (de) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-05-04 | Siemens Ag | Schaltgerät mit Überlastfunktion |
-
2006
- 2006-05-23 DE DE112006003968T patent/DE112006003968A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-05-23 WO PCT/DE2006/000890 patent/WO2007134558A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0223080A (ja) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-25 | Meidensha Corp | ロボットの制動方式 |
EP0758591A1 (de) * | 1994-12-06 | 1997-02-19 | Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Bremsregelvorrichtung für ein elektrisches motorfahrzeug |
WO1999031792A1 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-06-24 | Unique Mobility, Inc. | Electric motor with internal brake |
DE10003692A1 (de) * | 2000-01-28 | 2001-08-02 | Moeller Gmbh | Elektrisches Schaltgerät |
WO2003065546A2 (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2003-08-07 | Michael Frederick Johnson | Electric motor drive assembly and its use in a hybridvehicle |
WO2004003401A1 (de) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-01-08 | Estop Gmbh | Einspurfahrzeug mit elektromechanischer scheibenbremse |
DE102004048758A1 (de) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-05-04 | Siemens Ag | Schaltgerät mit Überlastfunktion |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109968733A (zh) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-05 | 扬力集团股份有限公司 | 一种双驱动节能型伺服压力机的控制系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112006003968A5 (de) | 2009-04-23 |
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