WO2007133912A2 - Utilisation de polymères fluorés dans le frittage par laser - Google Patents

Utilisation de polymères fluorés dans le frittage par laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007133912A2
WO2007133912A2 PCT/US2007/067454 US2007067454W WO2007133912A2 WO 2007133912 A2 WO2007133912 A2 WO 2007133912A2 US 2007067454 W US2007067454 W US 2007067454W WO 2007133912 A2 WO2007133912 A2 WO 2007133912A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
fluoropolymer
polymer
polyvinylidene fluoride
copolymers
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2007/067454
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007133912A3 (fr
Inventor
Marc Audenaert
Neil Lehman
Original Assignee
Arkema Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arkema Inc. filed Critical Arkema Inc.
Publication of WO2007133912A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007133912A2/fr
Publication of WO2007133912A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007133912A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
    • B29K2027/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluorethene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluorethene

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of fluoropolymers, and in particular polyvinylidene fluoride and its copolymers, or polychlorotrifluoroethylene and its copolymers, in a laser sintering process.
  • Fluoropolymer powder provides many advantages over polymers currently used in that it intrinsically possesses flame- retardancy, as well as excellent chemical resistance and thermal resistance.
  • the technology of sintering polymer powders under a laser beam is used for the manufacture of objects in three dimensions, such as prototypes and models.
  • the selective laser sintering process is described in US Patent Number 4,863,568.
  • a fine layer of polymer powder is deposited on a horizontal plate held in a chamber heated to a temperature lying between the crystallization temperature Tc and the melting point Tm of the polyamide powder.
  • the laser sinters powder particles at various points of the powder layer according to a geometry corresponding to the object, for example using a computer which has the shape of the object in its memory and which reconstructs it in the form of slices.
  • the horizontal plate is subsequently lowered by a value corresponding to the thickness of a layer of powder (for example, between 0.05 and 2 mm and generally of the order of 0.1 mm) and then a new layer of powder is deposited and the laser sinters powder particles according to a geometry corresponding to this new slice of the object.
  • the procedure is repeated until the complete object has been manufactured.
  • a block of powder consisting of polymer powder and melt is obtained within which the object is present.
  • the parts that have not been sintered have thus remained in the powder state.
  • the combination is gently cooled and the object solidifies as soon as its temperature falls below the crystallization temperature Tc. After cooling is complete, the object is separated from the powder, which can be recycled and used in another sintering operation.
  • the powder it is recommended for the powder to have a difference Tm - Tc that is as large as possible in order to avoid deformation (or curling) phenomena during manufacture. This is because, at time to immediately after the action of the laser beam, the temperature of the sample is greater than the crystallization temperature (Tc) of the powder but the introduction of a new colder powder layer causes the temperature of the component to rapidly fall below Tc and results in deformations.
  • Tc crystallization temperature
  • an enthalpy of fusion which is as high as possible is required in order to obtain good geometrical definition of the components manufactured. This is because, if the enthalpy of fusion is too low, the energy supplied by the laser is sufficient to cake, by thermal conduction, the powder particles close to the walls being constructed, and thus the geometrical precision of the component is no longer satisfactory.
  • US 6,245,281 discloses the use of polyamide-12 (PA 12) powders in the technology of the sintering of powders under a laser beam. These powders are such that their Tm is between 185 and 189°C, their Tc is between 138 and 143 0 C and their ⁇ Hf has a value of 112 ⁇ 17 J/g. These powders are manufactured according to the process disclosed in Patent US 4 334 056.
  • US-2005-0197446 Describes a polyamide 12 designed specifically for a laser sintering operation.
  • US20050003189 describes the use of a blend of a thermoplastic powder
  • 3D printing uses an inkjet printer rather than a laser to produce prototype articles.
  • fluoropolymers and copolymers can be used in a laser and infra-red (IR) sintering process, providing material properties to the formed article that are much better than those of currently used materials, such as flame retardency, chemical resistance and thermal resistance.
  • the invention relates to a process for forming a three-dimensional object comprising the steps of: a) applying a layer of a fluoropolymer or co-polymer powder at a target surface; b) directing energy at selected locations of said polymer powder layer to sinter said powder at those selected points; c) repeating steps a) and b) over multiple layers to form an object; d) removing the unsintered powder from said object.
  • the invention relates to the use of fluoropolymer and copolymers in a laser sintering process or other means of achieving a layer-by-layer construction, such as by IR sintering.
  • fluoromonomer or the expression “fluorinated monomer” means a polymerizable alkene which contains at least one fluorine atom, fluoroalkyl group, or fluoroalkoxy group attached to the double bond of the alkene that undergoes polymerization.
  • fluoropolymer means a polymer formed by the polymerization of at least one fluoromonomer, and it is inclusive of homopolymers, copolymers, terpolymers and higher polymers which are thermoplastic in their nature, meaning they are capable of being formed into useful pieces by flowing upon the application of heat, such as is done in molding and extrusion processes.
  • the thermoplastic polymers typically exhibit a crystalline melting point.
  • fluoropolymers for a laser sintering application include polymer and copolymers of polyvinylidene fluoride or polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • copolymers and terpolymers include those containing at least 50 mole percent of vinylidene fluoride copolymerized with at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, vinyl fluoride, pentafluoropropene, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, perfluoropropyl vinyl ether and any other monomer that would readily copolymerize with vinylidene fluoride.
  • copolymers composed of from at least about 70 and up to 99 mole percent vinylidene fluoride, and correspondingly from 1 to 30 percent tetrafluoroethylene; and about 70 to 99 percent vinylidene fluoride and 1 to 30 percent hexafluoropropene (as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,178,399); and about 70 to 99 mole percent vinylidene fluoride and 1 to 30 mole percent trifluoroethylene.
  • Terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene and tetrafluoroethylene such as described in U.S. Patent No.
  • 2,968,649 and terpolymers of vinylidene fluoride, trifluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene are also representatives of the class of vinylidene fluoride copolymers which can be used in the process embodied herein.
  • a preferred PVDF copolymer for laser sintering would have a reasonable amount of crystalinity to present a distinct melt point, yet would have a small amount of non-crystallinity to reduce the brittleness of a formed article.
  • An example of such a copolymer would be a random copolymer composed of 80-97 weight percent of vinylidene fluoride monomer units and 3-20 parts by weight of hexafluoropropane monomer units.
  • the term "polychlorotrifluoroethylene”, as used herein includes both normally solid, high molecular weight homopolymers, copolymers and terpolymers.
  • Such copolymers and terpolymers include those containing at least 50 mole percent of chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymerized with at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene, vinyl fluoride, pentafluoropropene, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, perfluoropropyl vinyl ether and any other monomer that would readily copolymerize with vinylidene fluoride.
  • comonomer selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene, vinyl fluoride, pentafluoropropene, perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, perfluoropropyl vinyl ether and any other monomer that would readily copolymerize with vinylidene fluoride.
  • the fluoropolymers useful for laser sintering could also include a blend of a fluoropolymers or copolymer with an acrylic or methacrylic polymer.
  • the fluoropolymer powder may be blended with small amounts up to 10% by weight, based on the amount of polymer, of a reinforcing powder whose melting point is considerably higher than that of the polymer, or a glass powder. This blend forms a polyvinylidene fluoride laser sinterable composition.
  • Fluoropolymer powders of the present invention can be directly formed into powders from emulsion or suspension polymerization through the use of spray drying, freeze-drying, and other methods of powder formation.
  • the powder average particle size is less than 100 microns, typically in the range of 40 to 80 microns.
  • Particle size can be adjusted and optimized for the laser sintering process by known means, such as by cryogenic grinding and by sieving and/or classifying.
  • the polyvinylidene fluoride polymers and copolymers of the invention show melting and recrystallization characteristics with minimum overlap. They can be used in place of currently used powders in the laser sintering process.
  • a homopolymer or copolymer of PVDF can be selected to match the physical properties desired in the laser sintering operation, and in the formed article.
  • PVDF powders have intrinsic flame retardant properties, and PVDF show higher chemical and thermal resistance than polyamide. PVDF powders are far more flame retardant than polyamides any other materials currently used in a laser sintering operation.
  • Sintered parts made of polyvinylidene fluoride powder can be used in aggressive chemical and thermal environments, and also whenever flame retardant properties are required. Additionally, parts made of VF 2 -VF 3 copolymers (80/20 to 60/40) can show piezoelectric properties.
  • a three-dimensional object is formed by a) applying a layer of a fluoropolymer or co-polymer powder at a target surface, then b) directing energy at selected locations of said polymer powder layer to sinter said powder at those selected points, and then repeating steps a) and b) over multiple layers to form an object.
  • the unsintered powder form said object.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation d'un polymère fluoré et de ses copolymères dans un procédé de frittage par laser. Une poudre à base de polymère fluoré procure plusieurs avantages par rapport aux polymères d'utilisation courante en ce qu'il possède un caractère ignifuge, ainsi qu'une excellente résistance chimique et thermique.
PCT/US2007/067454 2006-05-10 2007-04-26 Utilisation de polymères fluorés dans le frittage par laser WO2007133912A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US79938606P 2006-05-10 2006-05-10
US60/799,386 2006-05-10

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WO2007133912A2 true WO2007133912A2 (fr) 2007-11-22
WO2007133912A3 WO2007133912A3 (fr) 2008-07-17

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017127569A1 (fr) 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Traitement additif de fluoroélastomères
WO2018149758A1 (fr) * 2017-02-16 2018-08-23 Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. Procédé de fabrication d'un objet tridimensionnel
WO2018149757A1 (fr) * 2017-02-16 2018-08-23 Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. Élastomère thermoplastique perfluoré
WO2019016739A2 (fr) 2017-07-19 2019-01-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Traitement additif de fluoropolymères
WO2019016738A3 (fr) * 2017-07-19 2019-03-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Procédé de fabrication d'articles polymères et de composites polymères par fabrication additive et articles polymères et composites
US20190127500A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2019-05-02 Arkema Inc. 3-d printed fluoropolymer structures
WO2019138201A1 (fr) 2018-01-15 2019-07-18 Arkema France Poudre de polymere fluore adaptee au prototypage rapide par frittage laser
WO2019138199A1 (fr) * 2018-01-15 2019-07-18 Arkema France Poudre de polymere fluore a fenetre de frittage elargie par traitement thermique et son utilisation dans le frittage laser
EP3546501A1 (fr) 2018-03-27 2019-10-02 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Procédé de production d'une population de particules de difluorure de polyvinylidène ou de particules d'un copolymère comprenant du difluorure de polyvinylidène
WO2019208760A1 (fr) 2018-04-27 2019-10-31 ダイキン工業株式会社 Poudre de moulage
EP3744503A4 (fr) * 2018-01-23 2021-09-08 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Mise en forme de poudre
WO2021214664A1 (fr) 2020-04-21 2021-10-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Particules comprenant du polytétrafluoroéthylène et procédé de fabrication d'un article tridimensionnel
US11248071B2 (en) 2016-04-01 2022-02-15 Arkema Inc. 3-D printed fluoropolymer structures
US11577458B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2023-02-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Additive layer manufacturing method and articles

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050280179A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-22 Ralph Stankowski Method for the manufacture of a composite filter plate

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050280179A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2005-12-22 Ralph Stankowski Method for the manufacture of a composite filter plate

Cited By (50)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11230053B2 (en) 2016-01-21 2022-01-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Additive processing of fluoropolymers
WO2017127572A1 (fr) 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Traitement additif de fluoropolymères
KR102639373B1 (ko) * 2016-01-21 2024-02-23 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 플루오로중합체의 적층 가공
WO2017127561A1 (fr) 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Traitement additif de fluoropolymères
WO2017127569A1 (fr) 2016-01-21 2017-07-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Traitement additif de fluoroélastomères
CN108495877A (zh) * 2016-01-21 2018-09-04 3M创新有限公司 含氟聚合物的增材加工
KR20180104668A (ko) * 2016-01-21 2018-09-21 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 플루오로중합체의 적층 가공
US11179886B2 (en) 2016-01-21 2021-11-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Additive processing of fluoropolymers
US20190030794A1 (en) * 2016-01-21 2019-01-31 3M Innovative Properties Company Additive processing of fluoroelastomers
JP2019503907A (ja) * 2016-01-21 2019-02-14 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー フルオロエラストマーの積層プロセス
TWI745339B (zh) * 2016-01-21 2021-11-11 美商3M新設資產公司 氟聚合物之加成性加工
JP2019510094A (ja) * 2016-01-21 2019-04-11 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー フルオロポリマーの積層プロセス
US11148361B2 (en) 2016-01-21 2021-10-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Additive processing of fluoroelastomers
KR20190060897A (ko) * 2016-01-21 2019-06-03 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 플루오로탄성중합체의 적층 가공
CN108495877B (zh) * 2016-01-21 2021-06-08 3M创新有限公司 含氟聚合物的增材加工
KR102243695B1 (ko) * 2016-01-21 2021-04-26 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 플루오로탄성중합체의 적층 가공
US11248071B2 (en) 2016-04-01 2022-02-15 Arkema Inc. 3-D printed fluoropolymer structures
US20190127500A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2019-05-02 Arkema Inc. 3-d printed fluoropolymer structures
US10633468B2 (en) * 2016-04-01 2020-04-28 Arkema Inc. 3-D printed fluoropolymer structures
CN110300768A (zh) * 2017-02-16 2019-10-01 索尔维特殊聚合物意大利有限公司 用于制造三维物体的方法
CN110312746B (zh) * 2017-02-16 2023-01-20 索尔维特殊聚合物意大利有限公司 全氟化热塑性弹性体
CN110312746A (zh) * 2017-02-16 2019-10-08 索尔维特殊聚合物意大利有限公司 全氟化热塑性弹性体
US11279788B2 (en) 2017-02-16 2022-03-22 Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. Perfluorinated thermoplastic elastomer
WO2018149757A1 (fr) * 2017-02-16 2018-08-23 Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. Élastomère thermoplastique perfluoré
WO2018149758A1 (fr) * 2017-02-16 2018-08-23 Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. Procédé de fabrication d'un objet tridimensionnel
WO2019016738A3 (fr) * 2017-07-19 2019-03-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Procédé de fabrication d'articles polymères et de composites polymères par fabrication additive et articles polymères et composites
US11760008B2 (en) 2017-07-19 2023-09-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Additive processing of fluoropolymers
WO2019016739A2 (fr) 2017-07-19 2019-01-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Traitement additif de fluoropolymères
FR3076832A1 (fr) * 2018-01-15 2019-07-19 Arkema France Poudre de polymere fluore a fenetre de frittage elargie par traitement thermique et son utilisation dans le frittage laser
WO2019138199A1 (fr) * 2018-01-15 2019-07-18 Arkema France Poudre de polymere fluore a fenetre de frittage elargie par traitement thermique et son utilisation dans le frittage laser
FR3076833A1 (fr) * 2018-01-15 2019-07-19 Arkema France Poudre de polymere fluore adaptee au prototypage rapide par frittage laser
WO2019138201A1 (fr) 2018-01-15 2019-07-18 Arkema France Poudre de polymere fluore adaptee au prototypage rapide par frittage laser
CN111511808A (zh) * 2018-01-15 2020-08-07 阿科玛法国公司 适用于通过激光烧结的快速原型制作的含氟聚合物粉末
CN111511808B (zh) * 2018-01-15 2024-04-23 阿科玛法国公司 适用于通过激光烧结的快速原型制作的含氟聚合物粉末
US11845847B2 (en) 2018-01-23 2023-12-19 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Shaping powder
EP3744503A4 (fr) * 2018-01-23 2021-09-08 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Mise en forme de poudre
EP4223485A1 (fr) * 2018-01-23 2023-08-09 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Objet façonné en fluoro-résine
WO2019185583A1 (fr) 2018-03-27 2019-10-03 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Procédé de production d'une population de particules de difluorure de polyvinylidène ou de particules d'un copolymère comprenant du difluorure de polyvinylidène
US11945919B2 (en) 2018-03-27 2024-04-02 Evonik Operations Gmbh Method for producing a population of particles of polyvinylidene difluoride or of particles of a copolymer comprising polyvinylidene difluoride
CN112119113A (zh) * 2018-03-27 2020-12-22 埃朗根-纽伦堡 弗里德里希-亚历山大大学 生产聚偏二氟乙烯颗粒或包含聚偏二氟乙烯的共聚物颗粒的方法
EP3546501A1 (fr) 2018-03-27 2019-10-02 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Procédé de production d'une population de particules de difluorure de polyvinylidène ou de particules d'un copolymère comprenant du difluorure de polyvinylidène
CN112119113B (zh) * 2018-03-27 2023-11-17 赢创运营有限公司 生产聚偏二氟乙烯颗粒群或包含聚偏二氟乙烯的共聚物颗粒群的方法
US20210115199A1 (en) * 2018-03-27 2021-04-22 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Method for producing a population of particles of polyvinylidene difluoride or of particles of a copolymer comprising polyvinylidene difluoride
JP2021519369A (ja) * 2018-03-27 2021-08-10 フリードリヒ−アレクサンダー−ウニベルジテート・エアランゲン−ニュルンベルク ポリ二フッ化ビニリデンの粒子の、またはポリ二フッ化ビニリデンを含むコポリマーの粒子の集団を生産するための方法。
US11555098B2 (en) 2018-04-27 2023-01-17 Daikin Industries. Ltd. Molding powder
KR20200087873A (ko) 2018-04-27 2020-07-21 다이킨 고교 가부시키가이샤 조형용 분말
WO2019208760A1 (fr) 2018-04-27 2019-10-31 ダイキン工業株式会社 Poudre de moulage
US11866570B2 (en) 2018-04-27 2024-01-09 Daikin Industries, Ltd. Molding powder
US11577458B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2023-02-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Additive layer manufacturing method and articles
WO2021214664A1 (fr) 2020-04-21 2021-10-28 3M Innovative Properties Company Particules comprenant du polytétrafluoroéthylène et procédé de fabrication d'un article tridimensionnel

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