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  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel compounds, their preparation, their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
• WO2005/079802 describes bipyridylamides and their use as modulators of metabotrobic glutamate receptor-5.
• the compounds show valuable properties, but also have disadvantages.
• the invention relates to a compound of formula
• X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 , CO, N, NR 2 , O and S,
• R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl, or R 1 and R 2 form together with the atoms to which they are attached a hydrocarboncycle, a substituted hydrocarboncycle, a heterocycle or a substituted heterocycle,
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of OH, halogen, alkyl, trifluoralkyl, alkoxy, trifluoralkoxy, and CN; and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, salts, solvates, hydrates, and N-oxides thereof.
• the five member ring has 6 Pi-electrons with the proviso that the C-atom and three of the moieties of X1 , X2, X3, X4 contribute each 1 fl-electron and one moiety of X1 , X2, X3, X4 contribute 2 Pi-electrons to the 6 Pl-electrons of the five member ring,
• X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of CR 1 ,
• R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, benzyl, substituted benzyl, phenyl and substituted phenyl, or R 1 and R 2 form together with the atoms to which they are attached a hydrocarbon cycle, a substituted hydrocarbon cycle, a heterocycle or a substituted heterocycle,
• Y represents CH or CR 3 or N
• V represents CH, CR 4 Or N
• Q represents CH, CR 5 Or N
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of OH, halogen, alkyl, trifluoralkyl, alkoxy, trifluoralkoxy, and CN; and pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, salts, solvates, hydrates, and N-oxides thereof.
• Alkyl represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, preferably represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C 1-12 alkyl, particularly preferably represents a straight-chain or branched-chain Ci -6 alkyl; for example, methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert- butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, with particular preference given to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl.
• cycloalkyl refers to optionally substituted monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon groups of 3-12 carbon atoms, each of which may contain one or more carbon to carbon double bonds, or the cycloalkyl may be substituted by one or more substituents, such as alkyl, halo, oxo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl, acylamino, carbamoyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, thiol, alkylthio, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, sulfamoyl, heterocyclyl and the like.
• substituents such as alkyl, halo, oxo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkanoyl, acylamino, carbamoyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, thiol, alkylthio, cyano, carboxy
• Exemplary monocyclic hydrocarbon groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl and cyclohexenyl and the like.
• Alkandiyl represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkandiyl group bound by two different Carbon atoms to the molecule, it preferably represents a straight-chain or branched- chain C 1-12 alkandiyl, particularly preferably represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C 1-6 alkandiyl; for example, methandiyl (-CH 2 -), 1 ,2-ethanediyl (-CH 2 -CH 2 -), 1 ,1-ethanediyl ((- CH(CH 3 )-), 1 ,1-, 1 ,2-, 1 ,3-propanediyl and 1 ,1-, 1 ,2-, 1 ,3-, 1 ,4-butanediyl, with particular preference given to methandiyl, 1 ,1-ethanediyl, 1 ,2-ethanediyl, 1 ,3-propanediyl, 1
• alkyl part of "alkoxy”, “alkoxyalkyl”, “alkoxycarbonyl”, “alkoxycarbonylalkyl” and “halogenalkyl” shall have the same meaning as described in the above-mentioned definition of “alkyl”.
• Alkenyl represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkenyl group, preferably C 2-6 alkenyl, for example, vinyl, allyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, etc. and preferably represents C 2-4 alkenyl.
• Alkynyl represents a straight-chain or branched-chain alkynyl group, preferably C 2-6 alkynyl, for example, ethenyl, propargyl, 1-propynyl, isopropenyl, 1- (2- or 3) butynyl, 1- (2- or 3) pentenyl, 1- (2- or 3) hexenyl, etc. .preferably represents C 2-4 alkynyl and particularly preferably represents ethynyl.
• Aryl represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group, preferably a C 6- io aromatic hydrocarbon group; for example phenyl, naphthyl, especially phenyl.
• Alkyl denotes an "Aryl” bound to an “Alkyl” (both as defined above) an represents, for example benzyl, ⁇ -methylbenzyl, 2-phenylethyl, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl, especially benzyl.
• ⁇ eterocycle represents a saturated, partly saturated or aromatic ring system containing at least one hetero atom.
• heterocycles consist of 3 to 1 1 ring atoms of which 1-3 ring atoms are hetero atoms.
• Heterocycles may be present as a single ring system or as bicyclic or tricyclic ring systems; preferably as single ring system or as benz-annelated ring system.
• Bicyclic or tricyclic ring systems may be formed by annelation of two or more rings, by a bridging atom, e.g. Oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen or by a bridging group, e.g. alkandediyl or alkenediyl.
• heterocyclic moieties are: pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrazoline, pyrazolidine, imidazole, imidazoline, imidazolidine, triazole, triazoline, triazolidine, tetrazole, furane, dihydrofurane, tetrahydrofurane, furazane (oxadiazole), dioxolane, thiophene, dihydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiophene, oxazole, oxazoline, oxazolidine, isoxazole, isoxazoline, isoxazolidine, thiazole, thiazoline, thiazlolidine, isothiazole, istothiazoline, isothiazolidine, thiadiazole, thiadiazoline, thiadiazolidine, pyridine, piperidine, pyridazine, pyrazine
• Hetero atoms are atoms other than Carbon and Hydrogen, preferably Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O) or Sulfur (S).
• Halogen represents Fluoro, Chloro, Bromo or lodo, preferably represents Fluoro, Chloro or Bromo and particularly preferably represents Chloro.
• one of the moieties X-i, X 2 , X3, and X 4 represents N
• another one of the moieties Xi, X2, X3, and X 4 represents NR 2
• a further one of the moieties Xi, X 2 , X3, and X 4 represents CR 1 and the remaining one of the moieties X-i, X 2 , X3, and X 4 represents either CH or N.
• the moieties Xi, X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 are defined as follows: Xi represents N, X 2 is CH, X 3 is CH or CCH 3 , and X 4 is NR 2 with R 2 being a C 1 to C 4 alkyl, and optionally R 1 and R 2 form together with the atoms to which they are attached a six member ring.
• R 1 preferably represents H, straight-chain or branched-chain C 1-6 alkyl; for example, methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n- octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, with particular preference given to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl.
• R 2 preferably represents straight-chain or branched-chain C 1-6 alkyl; for example, methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, iso-, sec- or tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n- nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, with particular preference given to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and iso-propyl.
• R represents preferably cyclohexyl or cyclopropylmethyl.
• R 3 preferably represents halogen or alkyl.
• R 4 preferably represents halogen or alkyl.
• R 5 particularly preferably represents alkyl.
• Y preferably represents CH or CR 3
• Y particularly preferably represents CH or CCI.
• Q preferably represents CH or N.
• W preferably represents CH.
• V preferably represents CCI or CCH 3 .
• R 1 and R 2 form together with the Nitrogen atom at position X 4 to which R 2 is attached and with the carbon atom at position X 3 to which R 1 is attached an unsubstituted heterocycle having 6 ring atoms and one nitrogen.
• radical definitions apply both to the end products of the formula (I) and also, correspondingly, to the starting materials or intermediates required in each case for the preparation. These radical definitions can be combined with one another at will, i.e. including combinations between the given preferred ranges. Further, individual definitions may not apply. Preference according to the invention is given to compounds of the formula (I) which contain a combination of the meanings mentioned above as being preferred.
• Still more preferred compounds are selected from the group consisting of
• R 1 represents H or CH 3 and R 2 represents CH 3 , ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isopropylmethyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl and benzyl.
• R 7 is alkyl or aryl as defined above; including pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, salts, solvates, hydrates, and N-oxides thereof.
• Particular preferred compounds of formula (I) are the following:
• R 7 is alkyl or aryl as defined above; including pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, salts, solvates, hydrates, and N-oxides thereof.
• the invention provides process for the production of the compounds of formula (I) and their salts as defined above.
• the process comprises at least one of the steps (A), (B) or (C) as defined below.
• the process step (A) is as follows:
• step (A) Preferably in step (A) additionally Na 2 CO 3 , methanol and inert solvent, more preferably benzene is used.
• a preferred halogen (Hal) brome is used.
• Process step (B) is as follows:
• step (B) takes place in the presence of B(Oalkyl) 3 , more preferred B(OiPr) 3 , and BuLi in hexane.
• step (B) takes place in advance of step (A).
• Process step (C) is as follows:
• step (C) takes place in the presence of a reaction auxiliary, as NaH, and recovering the resulting compound in free base or acid addition salt form.
• a reaction auxiliary as NaH
• step (C) takes place in advance of step (A) or step (B).
• moieties in the formulae given in the steps (A), (B) and (C) are the same as defined for the formula (I), in particular the moieties are as follows: (i) Y is CH or CCI (ii) Q is CH or N (iii) W is CH (iv) V is CCI or CCH 3 , and
• one of the moieties X-i, X 2 , X3, and X 4 is N, another one of the moieties X-i, X 2 , X3, and X 4 is NR 2 , a further one of the moieties X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is CR 1 and the remaining one of the moieties X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 is either CH or N.
• One or more functional groups may need to be protected in the starting materials by protecting groups.
• the protecting groups employed may already be present in precursors and should protect the functional groups concerned against unwanted secondary reactions, such as acylations, etherifications, esterifications, oxidations, solvolysis, and similar reactions. It is a characteristic of protecting groups that they lend themselves readily, i.e. without undesired secondary reactions, to removal, typically by solvolysis, reduction, photolysis or also by enzyme activity, for example under conditions analogous to physiological conditions, and that they are not present in the end-products.
• the specialist knows, or can easily establish, which protecting groups are suitable with the reactions mentioned hereinabove and hereinafter.
• Acid addition salts may be produced from the free bases in known manner, and vice- versa.
• Compounds of formula (I) in optically pure form can be obtained from the corresponding racemates according to well-known procedures, e.g. HPLC with chiral matrix. Alternatively, optically pure starting materials can be used.
• Stereoisomeric mixtures e.g. mixtures of diastereomers, can be separated into their corresponding isomers in a manner known per se by means of suitable separation methods. Diastereomeric mixtures for example may be separated into their individual diastereomers by means of fractionated crystallization, chromatography, solvent distribution, and similar procedures. This separation may take place either at the level of a starting compound or in a compound of formula I itself.
• Enantiomers may be separated through the formation of diastereomeric salts, for example by salt formation with an enantiomer-pure chiral acid, or by means of chromatography, for example by HPLC, using chromatographic substrates with chiral ligands.
• Suitable diluents for carrying out the above- described are especially inert organic solvents. These include, in particular, aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic, optionally halogenated hydrocarbons, such as, for example, benzine, benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, petroleum ether, hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether or ethylene glycol diethyl ether; ketones, such as acetone, butanone or methyl isobutyl ketone; nitriles, such as acetonitrile propionitrile or butyronitrile; amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,
• mixtures of diluents may be employed.
• water or diluents constaining water may be suitable. It is also possible to use one a starting material as diluent simultaneously.
• Reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range.
• the processes are carried out at temperatures between 0°C and 150°C, preferably between 10°C and 120°C.
• Deprotonation reactions can be varied within a relatively wide range.
• the processes are carried out at temperatures between -150°C and +50°C, preferably between -75°C and 0°C.
• the reactions are generally carried out under atmospheric pressure. However, it is also possible to carry out the processes according to the invention under elevated or reduced pressure - in general between 0.1 bar and 10 bar.
• agents of the invention exhibit valuable pharmacological properties and are therefore useful as pharmaceuticals.
• the agents of the invention exhibit a marked and selective modulating, especially antagonistic, action at human metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).
• mGluRs human metabotropic glutamate receptors
• This can be determined in vitro for example at recombinant human metabotropic glutamate receptors, especially PLC-coupled subtypes thereof such as mGluR ⁇ , using different procedures like, for example, measurement of the inhibition of the agonist induced elevation of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in accordance with L. P. Daggett et al., Neuropharm. Vol. 34, pages 871-886 (1995), P. J. Flor et al., J. Neurochem. Vol.
• the agents of the invention are therefore useful in the treatment of disorders associated with irregularities of the glutamatergic signal transmission, and of nervous system disorders mediated full or in part by mGluR ⁇ .
• the agents of the invention are therefore useful in the prevention, treatment or delay of progression of disorders associated with irregularities of the glutamatergic signal transmission, of the gastro-intestinal and urinary tract and of nervous system disorders mediated full or in part by mGluR ⁇ .
• disorders associated with irregularities of the glutamatergic signal transmission are for example epileptogenesis including neuronal protection after status epilepticus, cerebral ischemias, especially acute ischemias, ischemic diseases of the eye, muscle spasms such as local or general spasticity, skin disorders, obesity disorders, and, in particular, convulsions or pain.
• GSD Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease
• Functional Gastro-intestinal Disorders include Post-operative Ileus.
• FGIDs Functional Gastro-intestinal Disorders
• a cardinal symptom present in many FGIDs is visceral pain and/or discomfort.
• FGIDs include functional dyspepsia (FD), functional heartburn (a subset of GERD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional bloating, functional diarrhea, chronic constipation, functional disturbancies of the biliary tract as well as other conditions according to Gut 1999; Vol. 45 Suppl. II.
• Post-operative Ileus is defined as failure of aboral passage of intestinal contents due to transient impairment of Gl motility following abdominal surgery.
• disorders of the Urinary Tract comprise conditions associated with functional disturbancies and/or discomfort/pain of the urinary tract.
• disorders of the urinary tract include but are not limited to incontinence, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, detrusor hyperreflexia, outlet obstruction, urinary frequency, nocturia, urinary urgency, overactive bladder (OAB), pelvic hypersensitivity, urge incontinence, urethritis, prostatodynia, cystitis, idiopathic bladder hypersensitivity and the like.
• OAB is a syndrome characterized by urgency, with or without urinary incontinence, and usually with increased voiding frequency and nocturia.
• Inflammatory diseases such as pain, inflammation and/or oedema consequential to trauma, for example associated with burns, sprains, fractures or the like
• inflammatory airways diseases such as COPD, asthma, rhinitis, inflammatory bowel disease, cystitis, uveitis, inflammatory skin disorders, such as psoriasis or eczema, rheumatoid arthritis, use as a smooth muscle relaxant, for example for the treatment of spasms of the gastro-intestinal tract or uterus, for example in the therapy of Crohn's disease, ulcerative collitis or pancreatitis, or for the treatment of muscle spasticity and tremor, for example in multiple sclerosis, teno-synovitis, gout, ocular disorders, for example glaucoma, cough.
• Nervous system disorders mediated full or in part by mGluR ⁇ are for example acute, traumatic and chronic degenerative processes of the nervous system, such as Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's dyskinesia, senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and fragile X syndrome, substance-related disorders, psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, affective and anxiety disorders, attention deficit disorders and cognitive dysfunction associated with these and other CNS disorders.
• Substance-related disorders include substance abuse, substance dependence and substance withdrawal disorders, e.g. nicotine withdrawal.
• Anxiety disorders includes panic disorder, social and specific phobias, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
• Affective disorders include depressive (major depression, dysthymia, depressive disorders NOS) and bipolar disorders (bipolar I and Il disorders).
• Cognitive dysfunction associated with these and other CNS disorders include deficits and abnormalities in attention and vigilance, executive functions and memory (for instance working memory and episodic memory). Other disorders which are mediated fully or in part are pain and itch.
• a further disorder is migraine.
• the compounds and compositions of the present invention may also be useful for treating cognitive impairment and/or attention deficit disorder.
• Cognitive dysfunction include deficits and abnormalities in attention and vigilance, executive functions and memory (for instance working memory and episodic memory).
• Other disorders relating to cognitive dysfunction include sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD), behavioral impairments, information processing deficits and age-related disorders.
• SRBD sleep related breathing disorders
• behavioral impairments information processing deficits and age-related disorders.
• ADHD Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
• childhood ADHD childhood ADHD
• adult ADHD excess daytime somnolence
• sleep apnea shift-worker's sleep-wake cycle disruption
• traumatic brain injury neurodegenerative disorders with associated memory and cognitive problems (such as Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, senile dementia, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease), chronic fatigue syndrome, fatigue associated with sleep deprivation or prolonged wakefulness, age-related decline in memory and cognitive function (such as mild cognitive impairment), cognitive impairment associated with mood disorders (such as depression) and anxiety, schizophrenia, day time sleepiness associated with narcolepsy.
• the compounds of the present invention may provide treatment for or improve of the cognitive enhancement of a subject.
• cognitive enhancement includes, but is not limited to, cognition enhancement, vigilance, counteracting effects of fatigue, enhancing alertness, attention, memory (working, episodic), learning ability, reaction time, cognitive performance enhancement, excess daytime somnolence, reversal of information processing deficits, improvement of disorganization, i.e. improving organizational skills/level of organizational ability.
• the compounds and compositions of the present invention may also be useful for the delay of progression of the above-mentioned conditions and disorders.
• Activity of the agents of the invention in anxiety can be demonstrated in standard models such as the stress-induced hyperthermia in mice [cf. A. Lecci et al., Psychopharmacol. 101 , 255-261].
• selected agents of the invention reverse the stress-induced hyperthermia.
• selected agents of the invention show reversal of Freund complete adjuvant (FCA) induced hyperalgesia [cf. J. Donnerer et al., Neuroscience 49, 693-698 (1992) and CJ. Woolf, Neuroscience 62, 327-331 (1994)].
• FCA Freund complete adjuvant
• TLESRs gastric distension-induced transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations
• Agents of the invention in functional dyspepsia can be demonstrated a model of fasted gastric tone and gastric accommodation to meal in dogs.
• selected agents of the invention increase the gastric volume in fasting conditions indicative of a reduced gastric tone.
• agents of the invention in visceral hyperalgesia can be demonstrated in standard rat models according to modified methods by Tarrerias, A. et al., Pain (2002) 100: 91-97, Schwetz, I. et al., Am. J. Physiol. (2005) 286: G683-G691 , of La, J. et al., World J. Gastroenterol. (2003) 9: 2791-2795.
• selected agents of the invention reduce the exaggerated abdominal striated muscle contractions, indicative of a visceral antinociceptive activity.
• agents of the invention in visceral sensation/pain of the urinary bladder can be demonstrated in a standard mouse model according to a modified method by Ness TJ and Elhefni H. J Urol. (2004) 171 :1704-8.
• selected agents of the invention reduce the EMG (visceromotor) response, indicative of a visceral antinociceptive and /or hyposensitivity.
• agents of the invention in overactive bladder and urge incontinence can be demonstrated in standard cystometry models in rats according to modified method by Tagaki-Matzumoto et al J. Pharmacol. Sci. (2004) 95 : 458-465.
• selected agents of the invention increased threshold volumes eliciting bladder contractions indicative of therapeutic potential in conditions with bladder dysfunctions.
• the appropriate dosage will of course vary depending upon, for example, the compound employed, the host, the mode of administration and the nature and severity of the condition being treated. However, in general, satisfactory results in animals are indicated to be obtained at a daily dosage of from about 0.05 to about 100 mg/kg animal body weight. In larger mammals, for example humans, an indicated daily dosage is in the range from about 5 to 1500 mg, preferably about 10 to about 1000 mg of the compound conveniently administered in divided doses up to 4 times a day or in sustained release form.
• the present invention also provides in a further aspect an agent of the invention for use as a pharmaceutical, e.g. in the treatment of disorders associated with irregularities of the glutamatergic signal transmission, and of nervous system disorders mediated full or in part by mGluR ⁇ .
• the invention also provides the use of an agent of the invention, in the treatment of disorders associated with irregularities of the glutamatergic signal transmission, and of nervous system disorders mediated full or in part by mGluR ⁇ .
• the invention provides the use of compounds of formula (I) as modulators of metabotrobic Glutamate Receptors, Subtype 5 ("mGluR ⁇ - Modulators").
• the invention provides the use of an agent of the invention for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition designed for the treatment of disorders associated with irregularities of the glutamatergic signal transmission, and of nervous system disorders mediated full or in part by mGluR ⁇ .
• the invention relates to a method of treating disorders mediated full or in part by mGluR ⁇ , which method comprises administering to a warm-blooded organism in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of an agent of the invention.
• compositions comprising an agent of the invention in association with one or more pharmaceutical carrier or one or more pharmaceutically acceptable diluent.
• the pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention are compositions for enteral, such as nasal, rectal or oral, or parenteral, such as intramuscular or intravenous, administration to warm-blooded animals (human beings and animals) that comprise an effective dose of the pharmacological active ingredient alone or together with a significant amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the dose of the active ingredient depends on the species of warm-blooded animal, body weight, age and individual condition, individual pharmacokinetic data, the disease to be treated and the mode of administration.
• compositions comprise from approximately 1 % to approximately 95%, preferably from approximately 20% to approximately 90%, active ingredient.
• Pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may be, for example, in unit dose form, such as in the form of ampoules, vials, suppositories, dragees, tablets or capsules.
• compositions of the present invention are prepared in a manner known per se, for example by means of conventional dissolving, lyophilizing, mixing, granulating or confectioning processes.
• properly isotope-labeled agents of the invention exhibit valuable properties as histopathological labeling agents, imaging agents and/or biomarkers, hereinafter "markers", for the selective labeling of mGluR ⁇ . More particularly the agents of the invention are useful as markers for labeling the central and peripheral mGlu5 receptors in vitro or in vivo.
• compounds of the invention which are properly isotopically labeled are useful as ligands to image mGlu5 receptors in vivo or in vitro studies.
• Suitable radionuclides that may be incorporated in the agents of invention include: 3H, 1 1C, 13N, 150, 18F, 1231, 1251, 1311, 75Br, 76Br, 77Br, 82Br, 99mTc and 21 1At.
• the choice of radionuclide to be incorporated into compounds of formula (I) will depend on the specific analytical or pharmaceutical application. Therefore, for in vitro labeling of mGlu ⁇ receptors and for competition assays compounds that incorporate 3H, 1251 or 77Br would be preferred.
• diagnostic and investigating imaging agents PET or SPECT
• compounds that incorporate a radionuclide selected from 11 C, 18F, 1231 or 76Br are preferred.
• the agents of the invention are therefore useful, for instance, for determining the levels of receptor occupancy of a drug acting at mGluR ⁇ , or diagnostic purposes for diseases resulting from an imbalance or dysfunction of mGluR5, and for monitoring the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies of such diseases.
• the present invention provides an agent of the invention for use as a marker for neuroimaging.
• the present invention provides a composition for labeling brain and peripheral nervous system structures involving mGlu5 receptors in vivo and in vitro comprising an agent of the invention.
• the present invention provides a method for labeling brain and peripheral nervous system structures involving mGluR ⁇ in vitro or in vivo, which comprises contacting brain tissue with an agent of the invention.
• the method of the invention may comprise a further step aimed at determining whether the agent of the invention labeled the target structure.
• Said further step may be effected by observing the target structure using positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), or any device allowing detection of radioactive radiations.
• PET positron emission tomography
• SPECT single photon emission computed tomography
• Example 1 (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[5-(1 -ethyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-amine.
• Example 1 (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[5-(1-isopropyl-1 H-imidazol-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-amine MS (LC/MS): 313 [M+H] TLC Rf: 0.28 (EtOAc/EtOH/NH 4 OH 9:1 :0.1 )
• Example 21 (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[3-chloro-5-(1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-amine
• 5-chloro-6-(4-chloro-phenylamino)-nicotinonitrile 1.0 g, 3.71 mmol
• tributyltin azide 2.85 ml, 10.6 mmol
• Purification by flash chromatography DCM/MeOH 100:0 to 80:20
• crystallization from EtOAc gave the desired product as beige crystals (0.60 g, 53 %).
• Example 22 (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[3-chloro-5-(1-propyl-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-amine
• Example 29 r3-Chloro-5-(2.5-dimethvl-2H-pvrazol-3-vl)-pvridin-2-vll-(4-chloro-phenvl)-amine Methyl hydrazine (49.1 mg, 1.04 mmol) in MeOH (0.3 ml) was acidified with HCI in /-PrOH to pH 1-2 and the mixture was stirred at rt for 30 min.
• Example 31 [3-Chloro-5-(1 ,5-dimethyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-(4-chloro-phenyl)- amine
• Example 30 Another regioisomer, [3-chloro-5-(1 ,5-dimethyl-1 H- imidazol-2-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-(4-chloro-phenyl)-amine, could be isolated by preparative TLC (Hex/EtOAc 1 :1 ) as a white solid (16 mg, 10%).
• Example 37 [5-(5-terf-Butyl-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-chloro-py ⁇ din-2-yl]-(4-chloro-phenyl)-amine
• 5-chloro-6-(4-chloro-phenylamino)-nicotinamidine (37% pure, 1.0 g, 1.32 mmol
• 1-chloro-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone (252 ⁇ l, 2.63 mmol)
• KHCO 3 (1.33 g, 13.2 mmol
• [5-Chloro-6-(4-chloro-phenylamino)-pyridin-3-yl]-methanol A suspension of [Pd(OAc) 2 ] (201 mg, 0.88 mmol) and rac-BINAP (561 mg, 0.88 mmol) in degassed toluene (200 ml) was stirred for 10 min at rt, prior to adding (5,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)- methanol (5.0 g, 27.5 mmol) and 4-chloroaniline (5.32 g, 41.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred for another 10 min at rt and K 2 CO 3 (19.2 g, 138 mmol) was then added.
• Example 46 (4-Chloro-phenyl)-[3-chloro-5-(5-propyl-3H-[1 ,2,3]triazol-4-yl)-pyridin-2-yl]-amine
• 3-chloro-5-pent-1-ynyl-pyridin-2-yl)-(4-chloro-phenyl)-amine 550 mg, 1.80 mmol
• sodium azide 592 mg, 9.02 mmol
• DMSO 10 ml
• Example 50 Biological Testing.

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