WO2007091146A1 - Procédé et dispositif de production de coke à partir de charbons non agglomérants - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de production de coke à partir de charbons non agglomérants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007091146A1
WO2007091146A1 PCT/IB2007/000283 IB2007000283W WO2007091146A1 WO 2007091146 A1 WO2007091146 A1 WO 2007091146A1 IB 2007000283 W IB2007000283 W IB 2007000283W WO 2007091146 A1 WO2007091146 A1 WO 2007091146A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feedstock
coke
products
coals
fire
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2007/000283
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gregory Abramovich Berezin
Alexander Arkadievich Teplitsky
Artem Valeriyovich Madatov
Original Assignee
Gregory Abramovich Berezin
Teplitsky Alexander Arkadievic
Artem Valeriyovich Madatov
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gregory Abramovich Berezin, Teplitsky Alexander Arkadievic, Artem Valeriyovich Madatov filed Critical Gregory Abramovich Berezin
Priority to CA002641968A priority Critical patent/CA2641968A1/fr
Priority to EP07705552A priority patent/EP1984474A4/fr
Priority to US12/278,614 priority patent/US20090032383A1/en
Publication of WO2007091146A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007091146A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
    • C10B47/20—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge according to the moving bed type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/04—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
    • C10B57/06—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition containing additives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to coke production in general and specifically to methods and devices for the production of metallurgical coke from noncaking coals.
  • the most wide-spread process is production of coke in multi-chamber ovens with periodic charging and discharging, using the feedstock essentially consisting of the well-caking coals, such as rich coals, coking coals and leaned caking coals.
  • the problem that resources of such coals are limited is becoming increasingly urgent.
  • use of noncaking coals, such as long-flame coals, brown coals, lean coals and gas coals as an addition to the feedstock, does not solve the problem of shortage of raw materials for the coke production industry.
  • addition of long-flame coals and gas coals to the feedstock results in reduction of the coke yield due to an increased yield of the volatile products of coking.
  • brown coals and long-flame coals are several times those of caking coals.
  • cost of said brown coals and long-flame coals is significantly lower than the cost of caking coals because they occur at shallow depths and are extracted by opencast mining.
  • production of metallurgical coke from brown coals, long-flame coals, or lean coals, which belong to the group of noncaking coals is impossible with the conventional processes because the products of pyrolysis of said coals do not contain liquid nonvolatile elements, which ensure formation of a plastic coal mass and formation of a solid coke body. Therefore, widespread use of brown coals, long-flame coals and lean coals, all of which are noncaking coals, in coke production is hindered because there is no process by which to produce coke from such coals that would ensure the desired quality.
  • the Russian Federation patent No. 2144555 describes a method and device for producing coke, wherein the device for carrying out the method of producing coke comprises a fire-resistant coking chamber, heating ducts, burners, means for charging the material to be coked, as well as a means for discharging the coke.
  • Said heating ducts are formed by an outer wall and an inner wall of said chamber and by the space between the walls in which the material to be coked is placed.
  • the fire-resistant chamber is provided with means functioning as a protective casing and making it possible to produce an excess pressure in the chamber during the coking process.
  • the means for charging the material to be coked comprise a hopper with a gate; and a piston pusher.
  • the means for discharging the coke comprises a hopper with a gate.
  • the principal disadvantages of said device for producing coke are the impossibility to employ the device of such design for producing coke from noncaking coals and also the impossibility to provide a safe and environment-friendly production of coke because of the untight design of the device.
  • the closest prior art for the present invention is a method of producing coke from noncaking coals described in an USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 920066, the method comprises metering, crushing and mixing of coal, an adhesion agent, and an organic waste to produce a uniform feedstock and subsequent heating of the feedstock.
  • a coking process is carried out under a pressure of above 600 kg/cm .
  • the adhesive agents are used the high boiling point and asphalt-containing tar and oil products, as well as the coal tar emulsion.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a method of and a device for producing coke from noncaking coals, which, due to its simplicity and effectiveness of the process and design, will ensure the possibility of an economic, safe and environment- friendly coke production from noncaking coals, and at the same time ensure high quality of the obtained product.
  • This objective is achieved through a method for producing coke from noncaking coals, the method comprising metering, crushing and mixing of coal, an adhesion agent, and an organic waste component to produce a uniform feedstock and subsequent heating of the feedstock, wherein as the adhesion agent are used the high boiling point products of plastic waste pyrolysis, which are added to the feedstock in an amount of 15% to 20% of the total feedstock volume and wherein the feedstock is heated in the temperature range 250 0 C tO l IOO 0 C.
  • the feedstock heating process is carried out in the temperature range of 25O 0 C to HOO 0 C.
  • a temperature lower than 25O 0 C structural changes resulting in the formation of a solid-coke body do not occur in the feedstock.
  • a temperature higher than HOO 0 C the coke formed lacks its quality characteristics this resulting in worse strength characteristics of the product.
  • medium-molecular- weight tar-like products are used, which are produced in the temperature range of 25O 0 C to 38O 0 C under atmospheric pressure in the presence of catalysts.
  • the heat treatment of a plastic waste mixture in the presence of catalysts at a temperature of 250 0 C to 38O 0 C results in pyrolytic reactions in the plastic waste and chemical interaction between the products of pyrolysis to form medium-molecular-weight tar-like products of aromatic structure.
  • said products of pyrolysis which are a chemical analogue of the primary tar of pyrolysis of coal, may also act as the so called liquid nonvolatile components of the plastic-coal mass and ensure the formation of a solid-coke body.
  • the medium-molecular- weight tar- like products act in the presence of catalysts so that, at the initial stage of pyrolysis of coal, said products act as a hydrogen-donating solvent, that is to say, they liquefy the coal.
  • the coal liquefaction products comprise a mixture of over five hundred individual chemicals of polycyclic and aromatic structure.
  • the medium-molecular- weight tar-like products act as plasticizing agents, because, owing to aromatic structure of their components, they are heat-resistant compounds and widen the temperature range of the plastic state of coal.
  • Derivatives of anthracene, phenanthrene, coronene, pyrene, fluorene, naphthalene contained in the medium-molecular-weight tar-like products increase content of nonvolatile components in the coal plastic mass and, in this way, increase the characteristics of the plastic-coal mass.
  • Said products also serve as hydrogen donators to the components of the plastic-coal mass thus preventing untimely start of condensation reactions of the products of coal pyrolysis. This also contributes to widening of the temperature range of the plastic state of coal and improving its coking properties. As a result, the action of the medium-molecular- weight tar-like products causes formation of the solid semi-coke from noncaking coals. As the heating temperature rises up to 1100 0 C during the coking process, the coke is formed from such semi-coke, which coke has high quality and may be used in the blast-furnace process.
  • the medium-molecular- weight tar- like products act as liquefiers, plasticizers, hydrogen donators, as well as caking additions to the coal. Therefore, addition of the medium-molecular- weight tar-like products to the feedstock composition enables production of the solid-coke body of desired high quality using noncaking coals of low cost; in this way cost efficiency of said method is achieved. Moreover, use of plastic waste to form the medium-molecular-weight tar-like products enables recycling of plastic waste on a large scale and, thus, helps to protect the environment.
  • Addition of the medium-molecular- weight tar-like products to the feedstock in an amount of less than 15% will not ensure sufficient plastic properties of the feedstock, this resulting in cracking and disintegration of the coke body formed during the process.
  • Addition of the medium-molecular- weight tar-like products to the feedstock in an amount of more than 20% of the feedstock volume is inexpedient because the content of the medium-molecular-weight tar-like products of 20% of the feedstock volume is sufficient to impart desired plastic properties to the feedstock.
  • Use of catalysts ensures a significant increase in both the effectiveness and the rate of formation of the medium-molecular-weight tar-like products during the chemical reaction. At that, another essential condition is presence of air oxygen, which is necessary for tarring of the products of the plastic waste pyrolysis into the medium-molecular- weight tar-like products.
  • transition metal oxides are used as the catalysts.
  • Said temperature range of 250°C to 38O 0 C for obtaining the medium-molecular- weight tar-like products is conditioned by the fact that chemical polycondensation reactions of the medium-molecular-weight tar-like products occur exactly in this temperature range.
  • a heating temperature of less than 250 0 C the polycondensation reactions of medium-molecular- weight tar-like products do not occur and, therefore, one of the basic conditions for performing this method of producing coke from noncaking coals is not ensured, namely formation of the medium-molecular- weight tar-like products used as the adhesion agent.
  • At a temperature of more than 380 0 C other chemical reactions occur, which do not relate to embodiment of this method since they do not result in formation of medium-molecular- weight tar- like products.
  • worn-out automobile tires waste is used as the organic waste. Addition of worn-out automobile tires waste contributes to intensification of chemical reactions occurred owing to polyconjugated unsaturated bonds in the products of pyrolysis of worn-out automobile tires. In addition, the fine carbon contained in worn-out automobile tires becomes included in the coke and contributes to an increase in the coke yield. Moreover, use of worn-out automobile tires to practice the method according to the invention enables large-scale recycling of the tires and thus contributes to improving the ecological situation in big cities.
  • the objective of this invention is also achieved by the device for producing coke from noncaking coals, the device comprising a fire-resistant coking chamber; heating ducts; burners; means for charging the material to be coked; means for discharging the coke; as well as a heating tank provided with a charging hole for charging plastic waste, organic waste, and catalysts; and a flight conveyor to remove undissolved residues from said heating tank.
  • the fire-resistant coking chamber is made in the form of a vertical tower, in the walls of which there are arranged peripheral descending air ducts and internal heating ducts ascending to a flue gas exhauster; in the bottom of the tower, the air ducts and heating ducts are connected to fire-chambers with burners; a gas collector being connected to the top of the chamber and the bottom of the tower being made tapered and provided with an inside gate, through which the chamber is connected to the quenching receiver.
  • the inside gate is provided with a pressure sensor so that said inside gate may only be opened by producing a signal to the opening mechanism of the inside gate when a sufficient quantity of coke is accumulated on the surface of the inside gate. Provision of the device according to the invention with the inside gate of such design makes it possible to ensure tightness of the fire-resistant chamber this, in turn, ensuring environmental safety of the device according to the invention and to improve the operators' working conditions.
  • the outer wall of the fire-resistant coking chamber is made of fire-clay brick.
  • Fire clay is a fired fire-resistant clay, containing the mullite 3AL2O3- 2SIO2 (40% Al 2 O 3 , the remainder SiO2); its fire resistance being 1670°C to 1750 ° C.
  • the fire clay is produced by firing fire-resistant or refractory clays at the temperature of 1000°C to 1400 0 C.
  • the air ducts are provided to ensure air supply to the burners. The air is fed to the burners from top to bottom this enabling heat recovery, i.e. reduction of the loss of heat used to heat the outer walls of the internal heating ducts.
  • both air ducts and heating ducts are connected to the fire-chambers with the burners, which are intended to burn the heating gas.
  • the heating gas the return coke oven gas may be used.
  • the heating ducts are connected to the flue gas exhauster, which is used to remove the flue gas, which is a product of the heating gas burning, from the heating ducts.
  • the heating ducts are made of a long length (up to 25 meters) to ensure effective utilization of the heat produced by burning the heating gas.
  • the tall height of the fire-resistant chamber made in the form of a vertical tower ensures the desired hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of a coke cake - up to 0.2 kgf/cm 2 to form a solid-coke body.
  • the fire-resistant chamber is provided, in its top, with a gas collector, which serves to remove and catch the steam and gas products of coking from the interior of the fire-resistant chamber, this also contributing to the environment safety of the device according to the invention.
  • a metering hopper and a screw-type feeder-gate are provided. Provision of such screw-type feeder-gate makes it possible to ensure continuous supply of the feedstock into the fire-resistant chamber this, in turn, being one of the conditions for ensuring continuous operation of the device for producing coke from noncaking coals according to the invention and resulting in a significant increase in the output of said device, as well as in a reduction of its operating costs.
  • the screw-type feeder-gate ensures a smokeless and flameless charging process, this significantly reducing the harmful effect of device operation on the environment.
  • an outside gate is employed as the means for discharging the coke.
  • Both the inside gate and the outside gate may be of any suitable design, for example, they may be made in the form of a slide gate, a sector gate or leaf shutter.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the charging part of the device for producing coke from noncaking coals according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the processing part of the device for producing coke from noncaking coals according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown the charging part of the device for producing coke from noncaking coals, which comprises the heating tank 1 for charging plastic waste, organic waste and catalysts, and which is provided with the charging hole 2. Also, the charging part of the device comprises a flight conveyor 3 for removing undissolved residues from said heating tank 1.
  • the processing part of the device for producing coke from noncaking coals which comprises means for charging material to be coked, the means comprising a metering hopper 4 and a screw-type feeder-gate 5.
  • the processing part of the device comprises a fire-resistant chamber 6 made in the form of a vertical tower.
  • the heating ducts 8 are connected, in the top part, to a flue gas exhauster 9.
  • the fire-resistant chamber 6 is provided with a gas collector 11 connected to the top of said chamber 6.
  • the fire-resistant chamber 6 also comprises the bottom part 12, which is tapered and connected, through an inside gate 14, to a quenching receiver 13 provided in the bottom part of said fire-resistant chamber 6.
  • the fire-resistant chamber 6 comprises an outside gate 15 to discharge coke.
  • Plastic waste, catalysts and worn-out automobile tires are charged into the heating tank 1 through the charging hole 2.
  • plastic waste is melted, the worn-out automobile tires are dissolved and, thus, pyrolysis of said materials and reactions to form medium-molecular-weight tar-like products are performed. Further, the undissolved residue is removed from the heating tank 1 with the flight conveyor 3 and then melted.
  • the medium-molecular-weight tar-like products, being in a liquid state, are pumped by means of a pump to the metering hopper 4, in which also the coal components are fed from the coal storage.
  • the feedstock is fed continuously, with the medium-molecular-weight tar-like products added, to the fire- resistant chamber 6 made in the form of a vertical tower.
  • the feedstock is heated by the walls of the fire-resistant chamber 6 that comprises air ducts 7 and heating ducts 8.
  • the air ducts 7 and the heating ducts 8 are connected to the fire- chambers with the burners 10, which serve for burning the heating gas.
  • Air is supplied to the burners 10, from top to bottom, through the air ducts 7.
  • Flue gas is removed from the heating ducts 8 through the flue gas exhauster 9. Steam and gas products of pyrolysis move from bottom to top.
  • Said steam and gas products are fed to the gas collector 11 connected to the top of the fire-resistant chamber 6. While being heated the feedstock moves gradually down through the fire-resistant chamber 6, at that the temperature in the fire-resistant chamber 6 gradually rises in the direction towards its bottom. The coke being formed during this movement is baked in the baking area located in the bottom of the fire-resistant chamber 6 where the temperature reaches 1100°C. During baking the coke shrinks and cracks, the coke volume being 50-55% that of the feedstock.
  • the formed coke moves through the tapered bottom 12 of the fire-resistant chamber onto the cover of the inside gate 14, which is provided with a pressure sensor, so that, when a sufficient quantity of coke is accumulated on the cover of the inside gate 14, the inside gate 14 opens in response to the signal sent to the opening mechanism of the inside gate 14. At that, the coke moves to the quenching receiver 13 where coke is quenched. After quenching, the coke is discharged through the outside gate 15 and then transported to the finished-product storage area. Steam and gas products collected in the gas collector 11 are directed for cleaning with subsequent extraction from them of marketable products, such as gas spirit, raw benzene, tar pitch, ammonium sulfate, sulfur, as well as other products. The return coke oven gas is fed to heat the fire- resistant chamber 6.
  • the present invention provides a method and a device for producing coke from noncaking coals, which, owing to simplicity and effectiveness of the process and design of the device, ensure economic, safe and environment-friendly production of coke from noncaking coals, and at the same time ensure high quality of the obtained product.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)

Abstract

De manière générale, l'invention concerne la production de coke, et plus particulièrement des procédés et des dispositifs de production de coke métallurgique à partir de charbons non agglomérants. Le procédé consiste à doser, broyer et mélanger du charbon, un agent d'adhésion et un composant de déchets organiques de manière à produire une charge d'alimentation uniforme, puis à chauffer cette charge d'alimentation, des produits à point d'ébullition élevé résultant d'une pyrolyse de déchets plastiques étant utilisés comme agent d'adhésion, ces produits étant ajoutés à la charge d'alimentation en quantité comprise entre 15% et 20% du volume total de la charge d'alimentation, ladite charge étant chauffée à une température comprise entre 250°C et 1100°C. Le dispositif comprend une chambre de cokéfaction résistante au feu, des conduits de chauffage, des brûleurs, des moyens pour charger la matière à cokéfier et des moyens pour décharger le coke. Il comprend en outre un réservoir de chauffage pourvu d'un orifice de chargement permettant de charger les déchets plastiques, les déchets organiques et les catalyseurs, et un transporteur à raclettes destiné à enlever les résidus non dissous du réservoir.
PCT/IB2007/000283 2006-02-08 2007-02-07 Procédé et dispositif de production de coke à partir de charbons non agglomérants WO2007091146A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002641968A CA2641968A1 (fr) 2006-02-08 2007-02-07 Procede et dispositif de production de coke a partir de charbons non agglomerants
EP07705552A EP1984474A4 (fr) 2006-02-08 2007-02-07 Procédé et dispositif de production de coke à partir de charbons non agglomérants
US12/278,614 US20090032383A1 (en) 2006-02-08 2007-02-07 Method and device for producing coke from noncaking coals

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAA200601235A UA90089C2 (ru) 2006-02-08 2006-02-08 Способ производства кокса из неспекающихся марок угля и устройство для его осуществления
UAA200601235 2006-02-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007091146A1 true WO2007091146A1 (fr) 2007-08-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2007/000283 WO2007091146A1 (fr) 2006-02-08 2007-02-07 Procédé et dispositif de production de coke à partir de charbons non agglomérants

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090032383A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1984474A4 (fr)
CA (1) CA2641968A1 (fr)
UA (1) UA90089C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007091146A1 (fr)

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CN105505423A (zh) * 2016-01-26 2016-04-20 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 下行床快速催化热解反应器
CN105567267A (zh) * 2016-02-23 2016-05-11 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 热解煤的系统和方法
CN114736696A (zh) * 2022-04-18 2022-07-12 高圆圆 一种石墨化多孔焦炭炼焦装置
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CN113322092A (zh) * 2021-07-06 2021-08-31 新疆吉泰低阶煤利用研究有限责任公司 一种低灰分高强度焦炭的制备方法

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CA2641968A1 (fr) 2007-08-16
EP1984474A1 (fr) 2008-10-29
UA90089C2 (ru) 2010-04-12
US20090032383A1 (en) 2009-02-05

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