Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
  • A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
  • A61K31/706—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/7064—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines
  • A61K31/7076—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides containing six-membered rings with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom containing condensed or non-condensed pyrimidines containing purines, e.g. adenosine, adenylic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
  • A61K47/542—Carboxylic acids, e.g. a fatty acid or an amino acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
  • A61K47/543—Lipids, e.g. triglycerides; Polyamines, e.g. spermine or spermidine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
  • A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
  • A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
  • A61K47/6905—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a colloid or an emulsion
  • A61K47/6911—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a colloid or an emulsion the form being a liposome
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/04—Antihaemorrhagics; Procoagulants; Haemostatic agents; Antifibrinolytic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
  • A61P7/08—Plasma substitutes; Perfusion solutions; Dialytics or haemodialytics; Drugs for electrolytic or acid-base disorders, e.g. hypovolemic shock
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/08—Vasodilators for multiple indications

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a drug delivery that is a conjugate of 1) a drug-carrying molecular assembly, 2) a linker, and 3) a substance that recognizes active platelets, blood vessel damage sites, and Z or inflammatory tissues. Concerning the body. More particularly, the present invention relates to a drug carrier useful as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent, diagnostic agent and reagent for diseases, particularly as a platelet replacement agent or antiplatelet agent.
• glycoproteins Various glycoproteins (glycoproteins; GP) exist on the surface of the platelet membrane and are involved in the expression of blood platelet functions.
• GPIb, GPIIb, GPIIIa, GPIIIb, GPIV, GPIX and the like are known.
• GPIb functions as a receptor for von Willebrand factor (vW factor).
• vW factor von Willebrand factor
• GPIb is a heterodimer with a molecular weight of 160,000, in which the a and j8 chains are disulfide-linked.
• a platelet substitute in which a functional polymer such as GPIb, a 45 kDa hydrophilic recombination body (rGPIb a), GPII bZlIIa, or the like is bound to the surface of some microparticles is known.
• rGPIb a a functional polymer such as GPIb, a 45 kDa hydrophilic recombination body (rGPIb a), GPII bZlIIa, or the like is bound to the surface of some microparticles
• those with rGPIb a are expected to work as platelet substitutes by having an adhesive action based on the interaction of rGPIb a and vW factor
• those with GPIIbZlIIa are expected to act as GPIIbZlIIa and Fibrino It is expected to act as a platelet substitute by having an aggregating action based on the interaction of gen and Z or vW factors.
• lipid membranes such as endoplasmic reticulum, human albumin or a polymer thereof, or human erythrocytes are known. It is described that rGPIba is bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.
• Patent Documents 2 and 3 describe conjugates in which a linker is inserted between GPIb or dodecapeptide and the endoplasmic reticulum, and are accumulated physiologically or pharmacologically by accumulating at the site of vascular injury. It is described that the conjugates described in these documents can be used as drug carriers for effective drugs.
• Non-Patent Document 2 describes an endoplasmic reticulum carrying adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
• ADP is a substance known to promote platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. This endoplasmic reticulum releases ADP by laser irradiation and causes platelet aggregation.
• Patent Documents 2 and 3 describe the use of the conjugates described in these documents as drug carriers, but do not describe specific embodiments thereof.
• Non-Patent Document 2 describes an ADP-loaded vesicle, but the vesicle requires laser irradiation and requires external means to release ADP.
• Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-208599
• Patent Document 2 Pamphlet of International Publication No. 01Z64743
• Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2004Z069862 Pamphlet
• Non-patent document 1 T. Nishiya et al., Thromb Haemost, 91, 1158-67 (2004)
• Non-patent document 2 B. Khoobehi et al., Lasers Surg Med., 12 (6), 609—14, 1 992
• an object of the present invention is to provide a drug carrier that releases a drug only at a desired location without requiring external means and exerts an effect on the drug.
• Means for solving the problem By combining a specific molecular assembly carrying a drug with a linker and a substance that recognizes activated platelets, sites of vascular injury, and Z or inflammatory tissue.
• the drug can be efficiently delivered to the desired cells (e.g. activated platelets) and Z or biological tissues (e.g.
• tissue and drug-carrying molecular aggregates interact through activated platelets bound to the drug-carrying molecular aggregates, vascular injury sites, and substances that recognize Z or inflamed tissues, which
• the present invention was completed by finding that a physical stimulus is received from cells and Z or biological tissue, whereby the drug is released from the drug-carrying molecular assembly, and the drug can exert a desired effect only at a desired location. Do It came to.
• the gist of the present invention is as follows.
• a drug carrier which is a conjugate of 1) a drug-carrying molecular assembly, 2) a linker, and 3) an active platelet, a vascular injury site and a substance that recognizes Z or inflammatory tissue.
• Linker Drug transporter according to [1] or [2], which is represented by (a substance that recognizes activated platelets, vascular injury sites and Z or inflamed tissues) .
• the linker includes an amphiphilic molecule that becomes a part of the components of the drug-carrying molecular assembly when bound to the drug-carrying molecular assembly, and the linker and the drug-carrying molecular assembly are interposed via the amphiphilic molecule.
• the drug carrier according to [3], wherein the body is bound.
• the drug is adenosine diphosphate, collagen, collagen-derived peptide
• Activated platelets, vascular injury sites and substances that recognize Z or inflamed tissue are integrin or selectin exposed to activated platelets, collagen exposed to vascular injury sites, exposed to vascular injury sites Recognizes the von Willebrand factor, the selectin exposed to the inflammatory thread and the tissue, and the select ligand exposed to Z or leukocytes. Substances taken up by the agglomerates, and substances that accumulate in Z or vascular injury sites and Z or inflamed tissues, ( ⁇ ) to [
• Activated platelets, sites of vascular injury and substances that recognize Z or inflamed tissues consist of H12, GPIba, GPIa / lIa, GPVI, MAC-1, fibrinogen, P-selectin and PS GL-1.
• a drug carrier which is a conjugate of 1) a drug-carrying molecular assembly, 2) a linker, and 3) an active platelet, a vascular injury site and a substance that recognizes Z or inflammatory tissue, A drug carrier in which a drug is released from a drug-carrying molecular assembly upon receiving physical stimulation when the cell or biological tissue reaches the cell or biological tissue.
• the cells are activated platelets or leukocytes, and the drug is selected from the group consisting of a platelet aggregation inducer, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a vasoconstrictor, a vasodilator, and an anti-inflammatory agent.
• the drug is selected from the group consisting of a platelet aggregation inducer, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a vasoconstrictor, a vasodilator, and an anti-inflammatory agent.
• the drug carrier according to [14].
• the living tissue is a vascular injury site or an inflamed tissue, and the drug induces platelet aggregation
• the drug carrier according to [14] which is selected from a group force consisting of an agent, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a vasoconstrictor, a vasodilator, and an anti-inflammatory agent.
• a diagnostic agent comprising the drug carrier according to any one of [1] to [16].
• a reagent comprising the drug carrier according to any one of [1] to [16].
• a platelet substitute containing the drug carrier according to any one of [1] to [16].
• An antiplatelet agent comprising the drug carrier according to any one of [1] to [16].
• the drug carrier of the present invention causes aggregation with inactive platelets or the like in blood vessels before reaching desired cells and Z or living tissue, thereby generating unnecessary thrombus and blood intravascular coagulation.
• the drug-carrying molecular assembly disintegrates and releases the drug only at the desired location without using external means such as a laser.
• the drug can be delivered to the desired cells and Z or living tissue. For this reason, the drug carrier of the present invention can remarkably reduce the side effect of high drug absorption efficiency.
• FIG. 1 is a synthesis scheme of Glu2C18, H12-MAL-PEG-Glu2C18 described in Example 1.
• FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the ADP concentration in lipid lOmgZmL and the ADP concentration during hydration (0, 10, 25, lOOmM).
• FIG. 3 is a graph showing the binding ratio of PAC-1 to platelets in the presence of H 12-PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum (black) or PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum (white).
• FIG. 4 H12—Change in permeability indicating the effect of promoting the aggregation of collagen-induced platelets by PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum.
• Collagen fc 0.4 ⁇ g / m
• Platinum 2.
• FIG. 5 A graph showing the hemostatic effect of HI 2 -PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum administration on tail bleeding time.
• H12 PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum dose: 1, 4, lOmgZkg (lipid equivalent).
• Yes: Platelet count (N 10). P ⁇ 0. 05.
• FIG. 6 is a graph showing the hemostatic effect of HI 2 -PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum administration and PRP on ear bleeding time.
• H12 PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum dose: 10, 20 mgZkg (lipid amount conversion).
• A: Platelet count (N 5-6). * P ⁇ 0. 05 vs. saline group.
• FIG. 8 is a graph showing the effect of ADP inclusion on PEG vesicles and H 12-PEG vesicles.
• FIG. 9 is a transmission electron microscope image of platelet aggregation.
• the arrow indicates the H12—PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum.
• FIG. 10 is a change in permeability indicating the effect of promoting ADP-induced platelet aggregation by CF-encapsulated H 12-PEG vesicles.
• the present invention relates to 1) a drug-carrying molecular assembly, 2) a linker, and 3) a substance that recognizes activated platelets, vascular injury sites, and Z or inflamed tissues (sometimes abbreviated as a recognition substance)
• a drug carrier also referred to as the drug carrier of the present invention!.
• the drug carrier of the present invention comprises (drug-loaded molecular assembly) (linker) (activated platelets, vascular injury site and
• each component is arranged in this order is preferable.
• a "drug-carrying molecular assembly” is a molecular assembly in which a drug is carried, and when it is used as a conjugate of a linker and a recognition substance, Cells and Z or biological tissues (eg, activated platelets, vascular injury sites, inflammatory tissues) release the carried drug, but do not release the carried drug elsewhere, and the drug effect It means a molecular assembly that is difficult to exert.
• Examples of such a molecular assembly include a biocompatible carrier capable of parenteral administration for medical use.
• Preferred materials for the molecular assembly include endoplasmic reticulum, micelles, polymer micelles, and microspheres. Of these, endoplasmic reticulum is particularly preferred.
• the endoplasmic reticulum is a particle composed of an artificial lipid membrane, and is produced as a strong lipid bilayer such as phospholipid, glyceglycoglycolipid, cholesterol and the like.
• phospholipid bilayer membrane endoplasmic reticulum is more preferred.
• the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain constituting the lipid bilayer membrane is preferably 12-18. It is also possible to adjust the strength of the membrane by introducing 1 to 3 unsaturated groups into the hydrocarbon chain. If the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain is too large, the strength of the film will be too high, making it difficult to release the drug when it is loaded.
• a mixed lipid containing (preferably consisting essentially of) phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, which is hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenated soybean lecithin, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, more specifically, ,
• a phospholipid bilayer membrane vesicle composed of a mixed lipid containing 20 to 100% of cholesterol in a molar ratio with respect to phosphatidylcholine which is hydrogenated egg yolk lecithin, hydrogenated soybean lecithin, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Is particularly preferred.
• the endoplasmic reticulum is produced by a known method such as a surfactant removal method, a hydration method, an ultrasonic method, a reverse-phase distillation method, a freeze-thaw method, an ethanol injection method, an extrusion method, and a high-pressure emulsification method. be able to. Details of the preparation of the endoplasmic reticulum are described in JP-A-9-208599 and T. Nishiya et al., Biochim. Biophys. Res. Commun., 224, 242-245, 1996.
• the particle size of the endoplasmic reticulum after the introduction of the linker and the recognition substance is 50 to 300 nm, or 100 to 270 nm in terms of the amount of the linker and the recognition substance introduced, their functional expression, and pharmacokinetics. 150 to 250 nm is most preferable.
• the particle size is the particle size of which particle size is controlled using a filter after introducing the linker and the recognition substance. When the particle diameter is smaller than 50 nm, it becomes difficult to release the drug with molecular assembly force when the drug is supported.
• the number of lipid bilayer membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum is preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 2, considering the bilayer membrane as one. When the number of layers is more than 4, it becomes difficult to release the drug from the molecular assembly when the drug is loaded.
• the number of layers is controlled by the pore size of the filter and the dispersion medium (pH, temperature, ionic strength) of the endoplasmic reticulum. I can do it.
• the number of layers can be measured by freezing cleaving, small-angle X-ray scattering, electron spin resonance (ESR) using spin-labeled lipid, measurement using 31 P-NMR, 6-p-toluidino 2— Examples include a measurement method using naphthalenesulfonic acid (TNS).
• lipid bilayer vesicle in which a drug is encapsulated in the inner aqueous phase is most preferable.
• linker refers to a substance capable of cross-linking a drug-carrying molecular assembly and a substance that recognizes activated platelets, vascular injury sites and Z or inflammatory tissues, and is biocompatible. If there is, there will be no particular limitation.
• the preferred linker is a saturated or unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or an aliphatic or aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon having a functional group that serves as a binding site for a drug-carrying molecular assembly or a recognition substance.
• the chain or ring may contain a hetero atom (for example, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom). Two or more different linkers may be used in combination.
• a compound having a functional group that reacts with any of the SH group, OH group, COOH group, and NH group is more preferable.
• linker examples include those synthesized from dicarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid, bismaleimide compound, bishalocarbole compound, halocarbolemaleimide compound, dithiomaleimide, dithiocarboxylic acid, maleimide carboxylic acid, and the like.
• a ligand having a functional group that reacts with any of the SH group, OH group, COOH group, and NH group examples include those synthesized from dicarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid, bismaleimide compound, bishalocarbole compound, halocarbolemaleimide compound, dithiomaleimide, dithiocarboxylic acid, maleimide carboxylic acid, and the like.
• a ligand having a functional group that reacts with any of the SH group, OH group, COOH group, and NH group examples of the linker include those synthesized from dicarboxylic acid, aminocarboxylic acid, bismaleimide compound, bishalocarbol
• N- (a maleimidoacetoxy) succinimide ester N-(a maleimidoacetoxy) succinimide ester
• the linker may include a spacer portion between the drug-carrying molecule assembly and the recognition substance and capable of adjusting the length between the drug-carrying molecule assembly and the recognition substance.
• the arrangement position of a part of the spacer may be a drug-carrying molecular assembly, a spacer-recognition substance, or a drug-carrying molecular assembly, a spacer, a linker-recognition substance. Also good.
• a part of the spacer may be inserted between the same or different linkers. That is, it may be a drug-carrying molecular assembly, a linker, a spacer, a linker, and a recognition substance.
• the spacer is not particularly limited as long as it has biocompatibility, but a substance selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene, polypeptide, polysaccharide, albumin, and antibody can be used. Recombinants may be used for albumin and antibodies.
• polyoxyethylene or a derivative thereof is particularly preferable.
• the linker includes an amphipathic molecule that becomes a part of a component of the drug-carrying molecular assembly when bound to the drug-carrying molecular assembly.
• Linker or spacer and drug-carrying molecular assembly are linked via a molecule, and the linker contains a hydrophobic molecule, and the linker or spacer and drug-carrying molecular assembly are Examples include those that bind to a drug-carrying molecular assembly via the hydrophobic molecule! /
• amphiphilic molecule and the hydrophobic molecule examples include dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine, distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, and the like.
• Glu2C18 represented by the following formula is particularly preferred as an amphiphilic molecule.
• lipid bilayer vesicle composed of a mixed lipid containing 20 to 100% of cholesterol in a molar ratio with respect to phosphatidylcholine, a linker and activated platelets, a vascular injury site and Z or inflamed tissue It is preferable that the conjugate with the substance to be recognized is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 20% with respect to the phosphatidylcholine! /.
• the “substance recognizing activated platelet, vascular injury site and Z or inflammatory tissue” means the drug of the present invention by recognizing activated platelet, vascular injury site and Z or inflammatory tissue. It refers to a substance that serves to direct the carrier to activated platelets, sites of vascular injury and Z or inflamed tissue and to accumulate the drug carrier of the present invention at these locations.
• the recognition substances include integrins or selectins exposed to active platelets, collagen exposed to vascular injury sites, von Willebrand factor that is exposed to vascular injury sites and bound to collagen.
• the recognition substances include H12 (HHLGG AKQAGDV, SEQ ID NO: 1), GPIb a, GPIaZlIa (integrin ⁇ 2 j8 1), GPVI, MAC-1, fibrinogen, P-selectin, PSGL— 1 or the like is preferable.
• H12, GPIba, GPIa / lIa, GPVI, MAC-1, Fibrinogen, P-selectin, and PSGL-1 are not limited in particular.
• the recognition substance used in the present invention is deleted in one or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence as long as the object of the present invention is achieved. Further, it may be subjected to any mutation such as substitution, addition or modification, for example, a natural recognition substance substitution, analog, mutant, modification, derivative, sugar chain adduct and the like.
• GPIba examples include GPIba [His (1) to Leu (610)], GPIba fragments such as a fragment of the vWF binding region of the ⁇ chain, and further GPIba fragments lacking a transmembrane site. More preferred in the present invention is a GPIba fragment lacking the transmembrane site. More specific GPIb a chain fragments include His (1) to Cys (485), His (1) to Pro (340), His (l) to Thr (304), His (l) to Ala (302), His (l) to Arg (293) [Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
• 13 ⁇ 45 (1) to 8 & (302) is also 0 ⁇ 11) 0; the chain fragment is obtained by substituting Gly (233) or Met (239) with Val, respectively. Illustrated [W093Z16712]. All of these GPIba chain fragments lack the transmembrane site. The transmembrane site corresponds to 1 ⁇ 11 (486) to 01 (514) in the GPIb a chain (? 1: 0 Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84 ⁇ , 5615-5619, 1987).
• the drug carrier of the present invention releases the drug from the drug-carrying molecular assembly when the drug-carrying molecular assembly receives a physical stimulus from the cell or the biological tissue when reaching the cell or the biological tissue. Is done. That is, the recognition substance constituting the drug carrier directs the drug carrier of the present invention to the target cell or the target biological tissue. When the drug carrier of the present invention reaches the target cell or the target biological tissue, the drug carrier of the present invention interacts with the target cell or the target biological tissue through the linker and the recognition substance, thereby causing physical stimulation. In response to this, the loaded drug is released from the molecular assembly.
• a recognition substance is attracted to a target cell or a target biological tissue, and a physical load is applied to the drug-carrying molecular assembly due to the morphological change of these cells or the biological tissue, and thereby the drug-carrying molecular assembly. Collapses and the drug is released.
• the target when the target is a cell, the target is preferably activated platelet or leukocyte.
• the drug carrier is engulfed in an aggregate of activated platelets and leukocytes, and the molecular aggregates are broken down and released by physical stimulation due to changes in the shape of the platelets and leukocytes.
• the target is a living tissue, the target is preferably a vascular injury site or an inflamed tissue.
• the number of molecules of the recognition substance bound on the drug-carrying molecular assembly is preferably high density. This is preferable because it increases the possibility of binding to vesicles or biological tissues, and the formation of aggregates proceeds rapidly.
• the number can be appropriately adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the desired degree of aggregation and aggregation rate.
• Preparation of a drug-carrying molecular assembly, a linker and a recognition substance conjugate is performed by binding the linker to the molecular assembly after the preparation of the molecular assembly, and then reacting the recognition substance.
• the reaction product of the linker and the recognition substance may be prepared in advance, and then the reaction product may be combined with the molecular assembly.
• the drug-carrying molecular assembly is linked to the drug-carrying molecular assembly via an amphiphilic molecule or a hydrophobic molecule that is part of the component of the drug-carrying molecular assembly.
• an amphiphilic molecule or a hydrophobic molecule that is part of the component of the drug-carrying molecular assembly.
• the drug may be first supported on the molecular assembly, or after the conjugate of the molecular assembly, the linker and the recognition substance is prepared, it may be finally supported on the molecular assembly.
• reaction conditions known conditions can be used according to the raw material of the molecular assembly.
• the mixing ratio between the drug-carrying molecular assembly and the recognition substance is adjusted according to the desired value of the density of the recognition substance in the final conjugate.
• the linker and the lipid bilayer endoplasmic reticulum are bound to the lipid bilayer endoplasmic reticulum via an amphipathic molecule that is a part of the component of the lipid bilayer membrane or via a hydrophobic molecule.
• an amphipathic molecule that is a part of the component of the lipid bilayer membrane or via a hydrophobic molecule.
• amphiphilic molecules which can be components of the bilayer membrane, are mixed in the organic solvent with lipids that make up the endoplasmic reticulum, and the endoplasmic reticulum is prepared by a conventional method, so that the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum can be used as a recognition substance. It can be modified.
• the conjugate prepared above is washed with a physiologically acceptable aqueous solution, sterilized, filtered, dispensed, etc. Or a suspension.
• Formulation can be performed according to a method known in the field of pharmaceutical production.
• after freezing the solution it can be dried under reduced pressure to obtain a freeze-dried preparation. wear.
• monosaccharides for example, glucose etc.
• disaccharides for example, sucrose
• polymers such as albumin, dextran, vinyl polymer, gelatin and hydroxylethyl starch may be added as stabilizers.
• the addition amount of the stabilizer is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of the lipid.
• the drug carried on the drug-carrying molecular assembly is not particularly limited as long as it is a drug that exhibits desired physiological activity in cells such as activated platelets and leukocytes, or in biological tissues such as vascular injury sites and inflamed tissues.
• a platelet aggregation inducer, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a vasoconstrictor, a vasodilator and an anti-inflammatory agent are preferred.
• a fluorescent reagent or contrast agent having no physiological activity can be carried.
• Platelet aggregation inducers include adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, collagen-derived peptides, convulxin, serotonin, epinephrine, vasopressin, carbazochrome, blood coagulation factors (FVIII, FIX), thrombin, antiplasmin agents (eg, ipsilon) —Aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid), protamine sulfate, ethanesylate, futonadione, conjugated estrogens (eg, sodium estrone sulfate, sodium equilin sulfate).
• ADP adenosine diphosphate
• collagen collagen-derived peptides
• convulxin serotonin
• epinephrine vasopressin
• carbazochrome blood coagulation factors
• FVIII, FIX blood coagulation factors
• thrombin antiplasmin agents
• antiplasmin agents
• Platelet aggregation inhibitors include mucopolysaccharides such as aspirin, dipyridamole, ticlovidin, cilostazol, beraprost, heparin, natural extracts such as coumarin anticoagulants and hirudin and their derivatives, thrombomodulin, active protein C, etc. And other physiologically active substances.
• vasoconstrictors examples include noradrenaline, norphenephrine, fe-rephrin, metallaminol, methoxamine, prostaglandin Fa, prostaglandin Fa, thromboxane
• vasodilator examples include prostaglandin E and prostaglandin I.
• Anti-inflammatory agents include steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone, predo-zolone, betamethasone, triamcinolone, methylpredo-zolone, etc.), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (indomethacin, acemetacin, flurbiprofen, aspirin, ibuprofen) , Flufenamic acid, ketoprofen, etc.).
• the drug carried on the drug-carrying molecular assembly include adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, collagen-derived peptide, convulxin, serotonin, aspirin, dipyridamole, ticlobidine, cilostazol and beraprost.
• ADP adenosine diphosphate
• the amount of the drug to be carried on the drug-carrying molecular assembly varies depending on the kind of drug to be carried and the purpose of use, and thus it is difficult to define it generally.
• ADP is included in the phospholipid bilayer membrane.
• the dosage of the preparation containing the drug carrier of the present invention is appropriately determined according to the amount of the drug to be carried, the sex, age, symptoms, etc. of the patient, and therefore cannot be determined generally. However, for example, about 0.001 per day: about LOOOmg can be administered.
• the preparation containing the drug carrier of the present invention is preferably administered parenterally, specifically by intravascular (intraarterial or intravenous) injection, continuous infusion, subcutaneous administration, local administration, intramuscular administration, etc. can do.
• the preparation containing the drug carrier of the present invention is useful as a platelet aggregation inducer, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a vasoconstrictor, a vasodilator, and an anti-inflammatory agent, and also a platelet substitute, antiplatelet, and vascular disorder , Prevention of blood vessel damage and thrombosis, etc. 'medicine such as therapeutic agents, diagnostic agents for platelet dysfunction such as platelet asthenia, biological or medical reagents, platelet substitutes and antiplatelet agents It is also useful as a reagent for diagnosis, a diagnostic agent or a therapeutic agent for examination of vascular injury sites and angiogenesis sites.
• the concentration of ADP or CF encapsulated is the concentration (mM) of ADP or CF encapsulated in lipid lOmgZmL.
• the black mouth form layer was collected, dehydrated with 5 g of sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 400 mL of methanol at 60 ° C and filtered if there were insoluble components, recrystallized at 4 ° C, filtered and dried to give white powder Glu2C18 (13.3 g, yield 85%).
• MAL-PEG-NHS - ⁇ - ⁇ -hydroxysuccinimidyl polyethylene glycol
• DMF dimethylformamide
• Ultracentrifugation (33000 rpm, 30 minutes) was performed twice and dispersed in 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to obtain an endoplasmic reticulum dispersion. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum dispersion was subjected to gel filtration (Sephadex G25) to completely remove ADP remaining in a trace amount in the outer aqueous phase.
• PBS phosphate buffered saline
• ADP-encapsulated H12—PEG endoplasmic reticulum (average particle size 250 ⁇ 80 nm, average number of layers 1.6; Glu2C18 is a part of the constituents of endoplasmic reticulum.
• PEG vesicles (average particle size 230 ⁇ 70 nm, average number of layers 1.8), ADP-encapsulated PE G vesicles (average particle size 240 ⁇ 90 nm, average number of layers 1.5), ADP-unencapsulated PEG vesicles (average A dispersion having a particle size of 250 ⁇ 90 nm and an average number of layers of 1.8) was obtained.
• the lipid concentration of the collected endoplasmic reticulum dispersion was quantified (Phospholipid C Test, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), the lipid concentration was 18 ⁇ 5 mgZmL.
• PBS was used to adjust the lipid concentration of each ER dispersion to 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, lOmg / mL at 4 mLZkg.
• the doses were 1, 4, 10, 20, and 40 mgZkg (lipid amount conversion).
• the number of endoplasmic reticulum layers was calculated as follows.
• the average number of layers was also calculated for the PEG vesicles, the ADP-encapsulated PEG vesicles, and the ADP-unencapsulated PEG vesicles.
• ADP-encapsulated H12-PEG vesicles and ADP-unencapsulated HI2-PEG vesicles prepared using H12-MAL-PEG-Glu2C18 and HI2-PEG (ADP) vesicles, HI2-PEG vesicles, respectively. write.
• ADP-encapsulated PEG vesicles and ADP-unencapsulated PEG vesicles prepared using PEG-Glu2C18 are referred to as PEG (ADP) vesicles and PEG vesicles, respectively.
• ADP was quantified by HPLC (Abs. 260 nm).
• Fig. 2 shows the relationship of the ADP concentration in lipid lOmgZmL to the ADP concentration (0, 10, 25, lOOmM) during hydration (preparation).
• the encapsulated ADP concentration was proportional to the ADP concentration at the time of hydration, and it was confirmed that the encapsulated concentration could be controlled.
• the particle size (250 ⁇ 80 nm) force was also almost equal to the ADP concentration during hydration when the ADP concentration in the inner aqueous phase was calculated.
• PPP HI 2—PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum with different ADP inclusion concentrations
• Lipid lmgZmL
• FITC-labeled PAC-1 20 ⁇ L
• formaldehyde formaldehyde
• the PA C 1 binding rate was almost the same, and it was confirmed that platelets were not activated (Fig. 3).
• the sample was administered, and 5 minutes after administration, a lcm site with a length of 2.5 mm and a depth of 1 mm was made from the tail tip.
• the wound was immersed in physiological saline, and the bleeding time was measured.
• the sample was applied at a rate of 0.5 mLZ, and 30 minutes after administration, the periauricular vein was injured with a length of 6 mm, and the part was immersed in physiological saline to measure the bleeding time. .
• Bleeding time was measured when PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum or HI 2 -PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum dispersion (10 mg Zkg (in lipid amount), ADP inclusion concentration 0, 1, 10 mM) was administered.
• the bleeding time was measured in the same manner as in 7. using normal rats and thrombocytopenia model rats.
• the results are shown in FIG. HI 2-PEG endoplasmic reticulum (that is, ADP inclusion concentration 0) administration system does not show the effect of shortening the bleeding time, but H12-PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum has a thrombocytopenia model rat physiological saline administration system.
• PEG vesicles, H12—PEG vesicles Endoplasmic reticulums with different ADP inclusion amounts (PEG (ADP) vesicles, H12—PEG (ADP) vesicles) were prepared.
• the ADP inclusion concentration was calculated by HPLC (260 nm) after solubilizing the endoplasmic reticulum with 2% lauryl ether.
• the effect of ADP inclusion was evaluated by a platelet aggregometer.
• PKT platelet-reduced plasma
• ADP 30-45 / z L, 10 L
• the added endoplasmic reticulum is a PEG (ADP) / J or HI 2-PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum that has an ADP inclusion concentration of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 10. OmM.
• the evaluation was performed based on the difference from the transmittance when PEG vesicles were added.
• Figure 8 shows the results when platelet aggregation was induced using ADP.
• the H12-PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum force-feeding system was confirmed to have an inclusion effect at an ADP inclusion concentration of ImM or higher, and the inclusion effect was almost the same at higher concentrations of the inclusion endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the inclusion effect of the PEG (ADP) endoplasmic reticulum-added cell system was not confirmed.
• N- [6-(Piotinamide) hexyl] 1-3, 1 (2, 1-pyridyldithio) propionamide (Bio—HPDP, 10 mg, 18.5 mol) is dissolved in 5 mL of DMF, and dithiothreitol water The solution (1M) was added with 20 L and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then MAL-PEG-Glu2C18 (73.0 mg, 18.5 mol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction solution was added dropwise to 250 mL of jetyl ether to recover insoluble components. After adding 250 mL of water to remove insoluble components, the solvent was removed with a freeze dryer to obtain a light yellow powder Bio-MAL PEG Glu2C 18 (Bio: piotin).
• Bio-MAL-PEG-Glu2C 18 was introduced into the H12-PEG (AD P) ER and the aggregate was frozen and ultrathin. Cut and observed by an immunoelectron microscope with a transmission electron microscope (FIG. 9). It is confirmed that the endoplasmic reticulum is involved between the platelets, and Bio-MAL PEG Glu2C 1 8 is scattered in each part of the platelet, so that the endoplasmic reticulum is disintegrated in the aggregate. It was suggested.
• Example 1 According to the procedure described in 1. to 3. of Example 1, 10 mM 5 (6) carboxyfluorescein (CF) encapsulated PEG vesicles and H12-PEG vesicles were prepared. The CF inclusion amount was quantified in the same manner as in Example 1, 4.
• CF carboxyfluorescein
• the fluorescence intensity (A) when the endoplasmic reticulum was soluble was measured and defined as 100%.
• the fluorescence intensity (B) in the supernatant (endoplasmic reticulum dispersion) was measured, and the rate of endoplasmic reticulum uptake into the platelet aggregate was calculated.
• the supernatant was centrifuged (33000 rpm, 45 minutes) to remove the endoplasmic reticulum, the fluorescence intensity (C) of the supernatant was measured, and CF released from the endoplasmic reticulum incorporated into the platelet aggregate. The rate was calculated.
• the uptake rates of CF-encapsulated PEG-endoplasmic reticulum and CF-encapsulated H12-PEG endoplasmic reticulum into platelet aggregates were 13 ⁇ 5 and 17 ⁇ 5%, respectively, which were almost the same. Therefore, the CF release rate from the incorporated endoplasmic reticulum was measured to be 0.6 ⁇ 0.5 and 10 ⁇ 1%, respectively (Table 1). This is because loading the H12 in the endoplasmic reticulum strengthened the binding between the endoplasmic reticulum and platelets, and the CF release rate increased with physical stimulation when the endoplasmic reticulum was involved in platelet aggregation. it is conceivable that.
• the drug carrier of the present invention exhibits selective binding to activated platelets, vascular injury sites, and Z or inflamed tissues, and releases the drug carried only at these locations. It is possible to express the effect of the loaded drug without adverse effects only on activated platelets, vascular injury sites and Z or inflamed tissues.
• the preparation containing the drug carrier of the present invention is useful as a platelet aggregation inducer, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a vasoconstrictor, a vasodilator, and an anti-inflammatory agent, and also a platelet substitute, antiplatelet, blood vessel Screening for pharmaceuticals such as preventive and therapeutic agents for disorders, blood vessel damage, thrombosis, etc., diagnostic agents for platelet dysfunction such as platelet asthenia, biological or medical reagents, platelet substitutes and antiplatelet agents It is also useful as a reagent for diagnosis, a diagnostic agent or a therapeutic agent for the examination of a vascular injury site and an angiogenesis site.
• SEQ ID NO: 1 Design peptide

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