Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
  • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
  • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
  • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
  • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
  • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
  • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
  • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
  • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
  • G09G3/2018—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals
  • G09G3/2022—Display of intermediate tones by time modulation using two or more time intervals using sub-frames
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
  • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
  • G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
  • G09G3/2077—Display of intermediate tones by a combination of two or more gradation control methods
  • G09G3/2081—Display of intermediate tones by a combination of two or more gradation control methods with combination of amplitude modulation and time modulation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
  • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
  • G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
  • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
  • G09G2310/0229—De-interlacing
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
  • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
  • G09G2320/0247—Flicker reduction other than flicker reduction circuits used for single beam cathode-ray tubes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
  • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
  • G09G2320/0261—Improving the quality of display appearance in the context of movement of objects on the screen or movement of the observer relative to the screen
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
  • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
  • G09G2320/0266—Reduction of sub-frame artefacts
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
  • G09G2320/10—Special adaptations of display systems for operation with variable images
  • G09G2320/106—Determination of movement vectors or equivalent parameters within the image
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
  • G09G2360/02—Graphics controller able to handle multiple formats, e.g. input or output formats

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for displaying an image on an active matrix organic light emitting dis ⁇ play. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an apparatus for displaying an image comprising an active matrix compri-sing a plurality of organic light emitting cells, a row driver for selecting line by line the cells of said active matrix, a column driver for receiving data signals to be applied to the cells for displaying grayscale levels of pixels of the image during a video frame and a digital processing unit for generating said data signals and control signals to control the row driver .
• Fig. 1 it comprises :
• an active matrix 1 containing, for each cell, an association of several TFTs Tl, T2 with a capacitor C con- nected to an OLED material.
• the capacitor C acts as a memory component that stores a value during a part of the video frame, this value being representa ⁇ tive of a video information to be displayed by the cell 2 during the next video frame or the next part of the video frame.
• the TFTs act as switches enabling the se ⁇ lection of the cell 2, the storage of a data in the ca ⁇ pacitor and the displaying by the cell 2 of a video in ⁇ formation correspon-ding to the stored data; - a row or gate driver 3 that selects line by line the cells 2 of the matrix 1 in order to refresh their content;
• a digital processing unit 5 that applies required video and signal processing steps and that delivers the required control signals to the row and column drivers 3, 4.
• each digital video information sent by the digital processing unit 5 is converted by the column drivers 4 into a current whose amplitude is pro ⁇ portional to the video information. This current is pro ⁇ vided to the appropriate cell 2 of the matrix 1.
• the digital video information sent by the digital processing unit 5 is converted by the column drivers 4 into a voltage whose amplitude is proportional to the video information. This current or voltage is provided to the appropriate cell 2 of the matrix 1.
• an OLED is current driven so that each voltage based driven system is based on a voltage to current converter to achieve appropriate cell light ⁇ ing .
• the column driver 4 represents the real active part and can be considered as a high level digital to analog converter.
• the displaying of a video information with such a structure of AM-OLED is symbolized in Fig. 2.
• the input sig ⁇ nal is forwarded to the digital processing unit that de- livers, after internal processing, a timing signal for row selection to the row driver synchronized with the data sent to the column driver 4.
• the data transmitted to the column driver 4 are either parallel or serial. Additionally, the column driver 4 disposes of a refer- ence signaling delivered by a separate reference signal ⁇ ing device 6.
• This component 6 delivers a set of refer ⁇ ence voltages in case of voltage driven circuitry or a set of reference currents in case of current driven cir ⁇ cuitry. The highest reference is used for the white and the lowest for the smallest gray level. Then, the column driver 4 applies to the matrix cells 2 the voltage or current amplitude corresponding to the data to be dis ⁇ played by the cells 2.
• Fig. 3 illustrates an example based on a split of the original video frame in 6 sub-frames (SFO to SF5) . This number is only given as an example.
• the six sub-frames SFO to SF5 have respective durations DO to D5. During each of the sub-frames SFO to SF5 a re ⁇ spective elementary data signal corresponding to the signal amplitude is used for displaying a grayscale level. In Fig. 3 the independent analog amplitude is in- dicated by double arrows.
• a threshold C max represents the maximum data value of the sub-frames.
• the amplitude of each elementary data sig ⁇ nal, i.e. the amplitude depicted in Fig. 3 for each sub- frame, is either C b iack or higher than C min , wherein C b iack designates the amplitude of the elementary data signal to be applied to a cell for disabling light emission.
• C min which is higher than Cbiack, is a threshold that represents a value of a data signal above which the working of the cell is considered as good (fast ride, good stability) .
• a refresh cycle is applied between two sub-frames in order to update the informa ⁇ tion stored in the capacitor C (compare Figure 1) .
• the sub-frame structure of Fig. 4 would lead to a light emission similar to that of a CRT whereas the emission of white based on the sub-frame structure of Fig. 5 is similar to conventional methods.
• Fig. 4 Another main advantage of the solution of Fig. 4 is that the analog amplitude of a sub-frame is defined via a driver as presented on Fig. 2. If the driver is a 6-bit driver for instance, for each sub-frame there is the possibility to have a 6-bit resolution on its analog am ⁇ plitude. Finally, due to the split of the frames in many sub-frames, each one being on 6-bit basis, one can dis ⁇ pose of much more bits due to the combination of sub- frames .
• the retina is a non-homogeneous neurosensory layer. Its central part (fovea) provides a maximal acuity in terms of spatial resolution whereas the peripheral region is more sensi- tive to movement (temporal resolution) .
• This peripheral sensitivity to temporal frequencies is graphically de- scribed in Fig. 7 for different levels of luminance. This eye behavior is the source of the large-area flick ⁇ ering effect that appears on the visual field periphery only. In addition, this effect strongly evolves with the luminance of the scene.
• this object is solved by a method for displaying an image in an active matrix organic light emitting display (AMOLED) comprising a plurality of cells, wherein a data signal is applied to each cell for displaying a first grayscale level of a pixel of the image during a first group of sub-frames and for displaying at least a second grayscale level of a pixel of the image during at least a second group of sub-frames, the first group of sub-frames and the at least second group of sub-frames are constituting a video frame, each group of sub-frames is divided into a plurality of sub-frames, each the first group of sub- frames and the second group of sub-frames are belon-ging to a separate complete image on the display (AMOLED) , and the data signal of a cell comprises plural independ ⁇ ent elementary data signals, each of said elementary data signals being applied to the cell during a sub- frame and the grayscale level displayed by the cell dur ⁇ ing the respective group of sub-
• an apparatus for display ⁇ comprising an active matrix comprising a plurality of organic light emitting cells, a row driver for selecting line by line the cells of said active ma ⁇ trix; a column driver for receiving data signals to be applied to the cells for displaying grayscale levels of pixels of the image during a video frame, and a digital processing unit for generating said data signals and control signals to control the row driver, wherein the video frame is divided into a first group of sub-frames and at least a second group of sub-frames, each group of sub-frames is divided into a plurality of sub-frames, and each the first group of sub-frames and the second group of sub-frames are belonging to a separate complete image to be displayed on the active matrix, and the data signals each comprising plural independent elementary data signals can be generated by said digital processing unit, each of said elementary data signals being appli ⁇ cable via the column driver to a cell during a sub- frame, the grayscale level displayed by the cell during the respective group of sub-frames
• each cell of the active matrix organic light emitting display is driven at least two times in ⁇ dependently during one video frame period.
• each cell produces at least two gray levels during a single video frame.
• each video frame may also be di ⁇ vided in three, four or more groups of sub-frames.
• the numbers of sub-frames in two of the groups of sub-frames of one video frame are equal. How ⁇ ever, the numbers of sub-frames in two of the groups of sub-frames of one video frame also may be different. This allows more flexibility for a picture coding.
• Corresponding sub-frames of two groups of sub-frames of one video frame may have similar but not exactly the same duration. This also enhances the flexibility for a picture coding.
• the first and the second group of sub-frames of one video frame are identical.
• the same picture is represented twice during a video frame period. Consequently, large area flicker is less visible.
• each group of sub-frames may belong to an independent image of a 100Hz progressive source. This en- ables displaying of complete pictures at least two times during a video frame period.
• the inventive apparatus may additionally be provided with a controller for switching the active matrix to a first video mode, wherein one video frame is used for a group of sub-frames, and a second video mode, wherein one video frame is divided into at least two groups of sub-frames.
• the controller can choose the right display driving depending on the input format or user selection .
• controller may allow switching into a PC-mode, wherein one video frame is represented by a single sub-frame. This is useful when driving simple PC monitors .
• Fig. 1 a principal diagram of the electronics of an AMOLED
• Fig. 2 a principal diagram of AMOLED drivers
• Fig. 3 an AMOLED grayscale rendition with analog sub- frames
• Fig. 4 a specific grayscale rendition with analog sub-frames
• Fig. 5 an alternative grayscale rendition with analog sub-frames
• Fig. 6 a functional specification of the human retina
• Fig. 7 the eye temporal response
• Fig.8 an AMOLED grayscale rendition with frequency- doubling on analog sub-frames
• Fig. 9 a concept of implementation.
• the essential idea of the present invention resides in a new analog sub-frame distribution.
• This analog sub-frame distribution is based on two groups of sub-frames having similar temporal duration and being located in two half- frame periods as shown in Fig. 8.
• This (solution) leads to an artificial frequency doubling.
• the input frame is split in two equivalent half- frames, each of them being split again in a certain amount of sub-frames (two times 6 in this example) .
• sub-frames SFn and SF' n have simi- lar duration but not automatically exactly the same.
• the number of sub-frames in both half-frames may also be different as far as the total duration of both half- frames is nearly the same.
• the amplitudes of the corresponding sub-frames in both half-frames for example SFO and SF' 0 may be slightly different. This al ⁇ lows even more flexibility by picture coding. However, if the durations are exactly the same the quality in terms of flickering is better. A suitable compromise for the targeted application has to be found.
• Fig. 8 shows a blanking period at the end of each half- frame. This blanking period is not mandatory but serves as margin of the half-frames.
• the application is not only limited to low frequencies like 50Hz. It is also suitable for close-to- eye applications (portable device) or for larger screens that use higher frequencies but that more affect the eye periphery and thus are more critical.
• the inventive encoding enables to reduce the large area flickering by an artificial frequency doubling when controlling an AMOLED with analog sub-frame encoding.
• the picture source is 50Hz interlaced and the signal is converted to progressive 50Hz signal by an intermediate block.
• This new 50Hz pro ⁇ gressive signal is used as an input for the encoding presented in Fig. 8.
• both groups of sub- frames SFn and SF' n are based on the same input picture. This will introduce a judder as it was the case in for ⁇ mer 100Hz CRTs.
• An improved version is based on a 100Hz TV chassis (or similar front-end block) that delivers a 100Hz- interlaced signal. This signal must be then converted to a 10OHz progressive signal which uses all lines of a picture. In that case all sub-frames SFn of the first group will correspond to one odd delivered picture whereas all sub-frames SF' n of the second group will correspond to the even delivered picture.
• Fig. 9 illustrates a possible implementation of the ana- log sub-frame encoding concept for an AMOLED.
• the input signal 11 is coming from a TV chassis (or front-end unit) with an interlaced format (50Hz or 100Hz) .
• This input signal 11 is then converted, for example by so called PROSCAN conversion to a progressive format (in the TV chassis / front-end or in an additional block) leading to a progressive signal 12 with 50Hz or 100Hz refresh-rate.
• This progressive signal 12 is forwarded to the standard OLED processing block 13 as usual.
• the out ⁇ put of this block 13 is forwarded then to a transco-ding table within an analog sub-frame encoding block 14 that can work in two modes:
• the transcoding table delivers n+n' values for a given pixel, n being the number of analog sub-fields for the first and n' for the second part of the displayed frame as shown on Fig. 8.
• n being the number of analog sub-fields for the first and n' for the second part of the displayed frame as shown on Fig. 8.
• the sub-frames for the first period (T/2) and for the second period are extracted from the same video value.
• the whole system is working on a basis of 20ms. The same can be applied to a 60Hz source if needed.
• the sub-frames for the first period (T/2) and for the second period are extracted from different video values, one coming from odd frames and one from even frames.
• the whole system is working on a basis of 10ms.
• the last concept has the advantage of offering a flicker-free and very high-level of motion rendition. The same can be applied to a 120Hz source if needed.
• All outputs from the encoding block 14 are stored at different positions of the sub-field memory 15 that fi ⁇ nally contains n+n' frames, each one with the resolution required by the column driver 17. Afterwards, an OLED driving unit 16 is reading all pixel values of a given sub-frame k before reading the same information of the sub-frame k+1 from memory 15. The OLED driving unit 16 is in charge of updating all pixels of the display 18 with this information and also it is in charge of the duration time between two display operations (duration Dn of a given sub-frame, compare Fig. 3) .
• the memory 15 must contain two areas for information storage: one area for writing and one for reading to avoid any conflict. The areas are permuted from frame to frame.
• the OLED driving unit transmits column driving data to the column driver 17 and row driving data to a row driver 19. Both, the column driver 17 and the row driver 19, drive the AMOLED display 18.
• a controller 20 is responsible for choosing the right display format:
• Video-mode 1 for non flicker critical inputs (>60Hz and small display, higher frame rate) using a greyscale rendition without frequency doubling;
• the controller 20 is connected to the OLED processing block 13, the sub-frame encoding block 14 and the OLED driving unit 16. Furthermore, the controller 20 is con- nected to a reference signalling block 21 for delivering a set of reference voltages or currents, respectively, to the column driver 17. The highest reference is used for the white and the lowest or the smallest gray level.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
• Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
• Control Of El Displays (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-12-20 EP EP05292759A patent/EP1801775A1/en not_active Withdrawn
• 2006
  • 2006-12-13 US US12/086,681 patent/US8564511B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-12-13 WO PCT/EP2006/069624 patent/WO2007071597A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2006-12-13 CN CN200680048415XA patent/CN101341525B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-12-13 EP EP06841338.4A patent/EP1964092B1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2006-12-13 KR KR1020087014572A patent/KR101293583B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-12-13 JP JP2008546381A patent/JP5583910B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

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