WO2007025481A1 - Process for preparing (s)-n-ethyl-n-methyl-3-[1-(dimethylamino) ethyl]-phenyl carbamate and tartrate thereof - Google Patents

Process for preparing (s)-n-ethyl-n-methyl-3-[1-(dimethylamino) ethyl]-phenyl carbamate and tartrate thereof Download PDF

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WO2007025481A1
WO2007025481A1 PCT/CN2006/002246 CN2006002246W WO2007025481A1 WO 2007025481 A1 WO2007025481 A1 WO 2007025481A1 CN 2006002246 W CN2006002246 W CN 2006002246W WO 2007025481 A1 WO2007025481 A1 WO 2007025481A1
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salt
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Dawei Ma
Qiangbiao Pan
Song Pan
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Shanghai Aobo Bio-Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd
Shanghai Institute Of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C269/00Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C269/04Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups from amines with formation of carbamate groups
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C211/00Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/01Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C211/26Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C211/29Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an unsaturated carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C211/00Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/43Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C211/44Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C211/49Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel synthesis of (S)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-3-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-carbamic acid phenyl ester (1) and its tartrate ( ⁇ ) method.
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • the symptoms are mainly caused by the loss of memory and cognitive ability of patients and the disorder of behavioral activities.
  • Rivastigmine (chemical name (S)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-3-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-carbamic acid phenyl ester) (I), and its tartrate ( ⁇ ) has the following structural formula:
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,602,176 discloses a process for the preparation of racemic rivastigmine which is then salted with hydrazine, ⁇ '-di-p-toluoyl tartaric acid monohydrate, crystallized to give optically pure (S)-Kabala Ting.
  • World Patent WO 2004037771 discloses the use of m-methoxyacetophenone as a starting material to prepare racemic 3-(1-(indolyl-dimethylamino)ethyl)-phenol by a multi-step reaction. It is purified by resolution to obtain optically pure 3-(l-(S)-(,N-dimethylamino)ethyl)-phenol, which is then reacted with N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl chloride. Get (S) - rivastigmine.
  • British Patent GB 2409453 discloses the use of m-hydroxyacetophenone as a starting material for the first reaction with N-methylethylcarbamoyl chloride, followed by conversion to racemic rivastigmine, which is then optically pure by dissection. S) - rivastigmine.
  • the present invention provides a novel preparation of (S)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-3-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-carbamic acid phenyl ester (I And a method for the tartrate salt thereof (II), which comprises the compound (IV) by using the compound (III) or a salt thereof and phosgene, diphosgene or triphosgene under a basic substance, and the compound (IV) is not purified.
  • the compound (I) is prepared by directly reacting with N-methyl-N-ethylamine, and the compound (I) is reacted with L-(+)-tartaric acid (V) to prepare the tartrate (11).
  • the specific reaction is as follows.
  • the basic substances used in the reaction are exemplified as follows: inorganic bases (such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium amide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride); alkali metal alcohol compounds (such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium t-butoxide); Organic bases (such as triethylamine, pyridine, quinoline, diisopropylethylamine).
  • inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium amide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride
  • alkali metal alcohol compounds such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium t-butoxide
  • Organic bases such as triethylamine, pyridine, quinoline, diisopropylethylamine.
  • the solvent used in the reaction is an inert solvent, such as: ether (such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxane); aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, xylene); halogenated hydrocarbons (such as Dichloromethane, trichloromethane, dichloroethane).
  • ether such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxane
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as Dichloromethane, trichloromethane, dichloroethane
  • the compound ( I ) is prepared by using any inert solvent, lower alcohols (such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol); ethers (such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxins); aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, xylene); halogenated hydrocarbons (such as dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane); dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide; ketones, etc.
  • lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
  • ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxins
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane
  • the reaction of the compound (IV) with N-methyl-N-ethylamine is preferably carried out by adding a basic substance to facilitate the progress of the reaction.
  • a basic substance which can be added are as follows: Inorganic bases (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, amino group) Sodium, sodium hydride); alkali metal alcohol compounds (such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium t-butoxide); organic bases (such as triethylamine, pyridine, quinoline, diisopropylethylamine).
  • the reaction solvent is any inert solvent such as ether (such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxane); aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene, xylene); halogenated hydrocarbons (such as dichloromethane, three Methyl chloride, dichloroethane); dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide; acetone, and the like.
  • ether such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxane
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, three Methyl chloride, dichloroethane
  • dimethylformamide dimethylacetamide
  • acetone and the like.
  • the compound (III) or its salt hydrazine is obtained by the following reaction. method one:
  • Compound (3) A bismethyl group can be introduced onto the amino group by a well-known method, including formaldehyde/formic acid, dimethyl sulfate system.
  • Compound (4) selectively introduces a nitro group at the 3-position of the benzene ring, and the nitrification condition which can be used is a nitric acid/sulfuric acid system.
  • the nitrification reagent added in the reaction is controlled.
  • the amount used and the temperature at which the reaction is applied, the reaction temperature does not exceed 50 Torr, preferably does not exceed 40 ° C, and the maximum temperature controlled varies depending on the reaction system and the amount of different nitrating reagents.
  • the nitro group in the compound (5) can be subjected to a conventional reduction method including catalytic hydrogenation and chemical reduction.
  • the diazotization reaction of the compound (6), the hydrolysis can be carried out by a conventional method to obtain the compound (111), and the compound (III) can be converted into an alkali salt or an acid salt as needed.
  • R is acetyl, propionyl, benzoyl or phenylacetyl.
  • Compound (3) A bismethyl group can be introduced onto the amino group by a well-known method, including formaldehyde/formic acid, dimethyl sulfate system.
  • the compound (4) is selectively introduced into the acyl group at the 3-position of the benzene ring, and the acylation conditions may be acetyl chloride, propionyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, phenylacetyl chloride system in the presence of a Lewis acid or a protic acid, preferably B.
  • Acyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, phenylacetyl chloride system in order to control the selective introduction of an acyl group on the benzene ring, the acylation test used in the acylation reaction
  • the amount of the agent is controlled to be 1 mole amount of the compound (4), and the amount of the acylating agent is preferably 1.1-10.0 moles, preferably 1.1 to 2.0 moles.
  • Compound (7) is reacted with Baeyer-Villar oxidant in a conventional Baeyer-Villager oxidation reaction system to prepare compound (8), including m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, trifluoroperoxyacetic acid system.
  • the compound (8) is hydrolyzed or subjected to alcoholysis under basic conditions to give the compound (III) or a salt thereof, and the compound (III) can be converted into an alkali salt or an acid salt as needed.
  • the compound (3) may be subjected to a substitution reaction of a nitro group or an acyl group, and the obtained compound is further reacted with a conventional aminomethylating agent, wherein the acyl group may be an acetyl group, a propionyl group or a benzene group. Formyl or phenylacetyl, the resulting product is subjected to subsequent reactions.
  • the compound (3) can be introduced into a bismethyl group by a well-known method, including a formaldehyde/formic acid, dimethyl sulfate system.
  • the compound (4) is introduced into the sulfonic acid group at the 3-position of the benzene ring, and the sulfonating reagent which can be used is a sulfuric acid system or a chlorosulfonic acid system.
  • the amount of the sulfonating agent to be added to the reaction and the temperature of the reaction can be controlled.
  • the compound (11) is obtained by melting under a strong alkali to obtain a compound (111), and the strong base used in the reaction may be sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide.
  • the compound (III) can be converted into an alkali salt or an acid salt as needed.
  • the compound (3) introduces a sulfonic acid group at the 3-position of the benzene ring, and the sulfonating reagent which can be used is a sulfuric acid system or a chlorosulfonic acid system.
  • the sulfonating reagent which can be used is a sulfuric acid system or a chlorosulfonic acid system.
  • Compound (11) is melted by a strong base to obtain compound (12), and the strong base used for the reaction may be sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide.
  • the amino group in the compound (12) can be introduced into the amino group by a well-known method to obtain the compound (III), including a formaldehyde/formic acid system.
  • the compound (III) can be converted into an alkali salt or an acid salt as needed.
  • the synthetic process of the invention has reasonable selection, no complicated resolution and purification, convenient source of raw materials, simple operation, convenient chemical yield, high optical purity, and an economical preparation of the compound (I) and its tartrate ( ⁇ ). Methods.
  • the invention also provides a novel compound intermediate (5) having the following structural formula:
  • the invention further provides a novel compound intermediate (6) having the following structural formula: detailed description
  • triphosgene (15.9 g, 53.5 mmol) was dissolved in 400 mL of tetrahydrofuran, and 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl)-phenolate was added under cooling in an ice salt bath. (25 g, 133.7 mmol), stirred at 0 ° C for 20 minutes, then heated to 55-60 ° C for 4 hours, the remaining phosgene was purged with nitrogen, filtered, and filtered to give an oily liquid (30 g). Without purification, go directly to the next step.
  • the oily liquid GO g obtained in Example 1 was dissolved in 200 mL of anhydrous diethyl ether under ice-cooling, and the solution was added dropwise to triethylamine (18.7 mL), methylethylamine (7.9 g, 133.7 mmol). And a mixture of 300 mL of anhydrous ether. Stirring was continued for 20 minutes while cooling under ice water, and then allowed to react at room temperature overnight. Filtration to remove triethylamine hydrochloride The salt is washed with saturated brine (2 ⁇ 200 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and evaporated, evaporated, evaporated, evaporated, evaporated, evaporated. g, two-step yield 80%).
  • rivastigmine can be prepared by directly reacting with methyl ethylamine (refer to Example 2 for the procedure).
  • Absolute anhydrous pyridine (8.85 g, 110 mmol) was slowly added dropwise to a double phosgene ( 14.2 mL, 200 mmol) at 0 ° C, then 3-(l-(S)-(N,N- A solution of dimethylamino)ethyl)-phenol (16.5 g, 100 mmol) in dry diethyl ether (30 mL) was evaporated, and then stirred at 0 ° C for 1 hour, then warmed to room temperature for 8 hours. Hydrogen chloride gas and excess phosgene were removed under reduced pressure, and then 200 mL of anhydrous diethyl ether was added, filtered and concentrated to give an oily liquid (23 g). Without purification, rivastigmine can be prepared by directly reacting with methyl ethylamine (refer to Example 2 for the procedure).
  • the rivastigmine (2.0 g, 8.0 mmol) and L-(+)-tartaric acid (1.2 g, 8.0 mmol) were dissolved in 5 mL of methanol, heated to 60 ° C, stirred until clear, then the solution was cooled to room temperature. Acetone (about 50 mL) was added, and the crystals were crystallized at 5 ° C overnight. The crystals were filtered, washed with acetone (2 ⁇ 10 mL), and dried in vacuo at 40 ° C to give white crystals of rivastigmine tartrate (2.56 g, 80%) .
  • reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, stirring was continued for half an hour, and then the pH was adjusted to 9-10 with a 5 N NaOH solution, followed by extraction with chloroform (3 x 200 mL), and the organic phase was combined with saturated brine. (2 x 200 mL) EtOAc (EtOAc m.)
  • Example 8 The yellow oil (20 g, 103 minol) obtained in Example 8 was dissolved in 100 mL of ethanol, heated to 50 ° C, and SnCl 2 .2H 2 0 (76.5 g, 339 mmol) of hydrochloric acid was added dropwise (5 N, 240 mL) was added dropwise maintaining the reaction temperature during 50 ⁇ 60 Q C, after the addition was complete the reaction at 50 Q C for two hours. Part of the ethanol in the system was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the pH was adjusted to 9-10 with 5 N NaOH solution, then extracted with chloroform (3 200 mL). The organic phases were combined and washed with brine (2 ⁇ 200 mL). Drying over anhydrous sodium sulfate, EtOAc (EtOAc m.)
  • Example 10 The ethyl acetate extract obtained in Example 10 was added to 1 N hydrochloric acid (100 mL), and stirred at room temperature for half an hour. The aqueous layer was separated and the organic layer was washed with EtOAc EtOAc (EtOAc) Phenol hydrochloride (8.0 g, 80%).
  • EtOAc EtOAc
  • reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, stirring was continued for half an hour, and then the pH was adjusted to 9-10 with a 5 N NaOH solution, followed by extraction with chloroform (3 x 200 niL), and the organic phase was combined with saturated brine. (2 x 200 mL), EtOAc (EtOAc m.)
  • Example 13 The yellow oil obtained in Example 13 (13.3 g, 80 mmol) was weighed, and then cooled with ice-water bath, and then, formic acid (12.6 g, 240 mmol) and formaldehyde 15.7 g (200 mmol) were added, and the mixture was heated under reflux for 12 hours and cooled to At room temperature, adjust to pH 2-3 with 5N hydrochloric acid, extract with ethyl acetate (3 100 mL) to remove impurities, and adjust the aqueous phase to pH 9-10 with 5 N NaOH solution.
  • the system was neutralized with a 5 N aqueous solution of NaOH to pH 12, extracted with chloroform (3 x 200 mL), and the organic phase was combined with saturated brine (2 ⁇ 100 mL) The mixture was washed with anhydrous sodium sulfate and dried to give the product of the product (3.4 g, 75%).
  • Example 17 The mixture of 1,2 and 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl)-phenylacetate obtained in Example 17 (5 g, 24.7 mmol) was weighed. Dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL), then a solution of NaOH (1.48 g, 37 mmol) in water (10 mL).
  • reaction solution was poured into ice (150 g), gradually heated to 100 ° C for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature, adjusted to pH 12 with 5 N NaOH solution, the water in the system was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then It was extracted with hot ethanol GOO mL), and the resulting mother liquid was concentrated by hot filtration to give a mixture (20.5 g, 92%) of an off-white solid 1,2 and sodium 3-(5)-1-phenylethylamine.
  • reaction solution was poured into ice (350 g), then gradually heated to 100 ° C for 1 hour, adjusted to pH 12 with 5 N NaOH solution, and the water in the system was concentrated under reduced pressure, then hot ethanol ( After extraction with 500 mL), the obtained mother liquid was concentrated to give a white solid (1,2) and a mixture of sodium acetophenone sulfonate (41.1 g, 92%).
  • the aqueous sodium sulfate was dried (MgSO4), evaporated,jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

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Description

(S)-N-乙基 -N-甲基 -3-「1- (二甲氨基)乙基] -氨基甲酸苯酯 ( I )及其酒石酸盐(II ) 的 制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及 (S)-N-乙基 -N-甲基 -3- [ 1- (二甲氨基)乙基] -氨基甲酸苯酯(1 )及其酒石 酸盐 (Π ) 的一种新合成方法。 技术背景
阿尔茨海默氏病(简称 AD)是一种由于脑神经细胞死亡而造成的神经性疾病, 其症 状表现主要是病人记忆和认知能力不同程度丧失, 行为活动发生障碍。
卡巴拉汀 (Rivastigmine, 化学名 (S)-N-乙基 -N-甲基 -3- [ 1- (二甲氨基)乙基] -氨基 甲酸苯酯) ( I ), 及其酒石酸盐 (Π )具有如下结构式:
Figure imgf000003_0001
卡巴拉汀酒石酸盐(II )是一种用于缓解 AD病情发展的有效药物, 其作用机理是抑 制人脑中的乙酰胆碱酯酶, 提高中枢神经介质乙酰胆碱的含量, 适用于轻度至中度患者 的治疗, 可有效改善患者记忆, 副作用较少。 卡巴拉汀 ( I ) 的制备方法如下所述, 但 是到目前为止无法获得令人满意的结果。
美国专利 US 5602176公开了一种方法, 是先制备消旋的卡巴拉汀, 再与 Ο,Ο'-二对 甲苯甲酰基酒石酸单水合物成盐, 结晶得到光学纯的 (S) -卡巴拉汀。
世界专利 WO 2004037771公开了采用间甲氧基苯乙酮为起始原料通过多步反应制备 得到消旋的 3-(1-(Ν,Ν-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚,再经拆分纯化得到光学纯的 3-(l-(S)-( ,N- 二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚, 然后再与 N-甲基 -N-乙基氨基甲酰氯反应制备得到(S) -卡巴拉 汀。
英国专利 GB 2409453公开了采用间羟基苯乙酮为起始原料先与 N-甲基 乙基氨基 甲酰氯反应, 然后转化为消旋的卡巴拉汀, 再通过拆,分制得光学纯的 (S) -卡巴拉汀。
这些拆分方法意味者至少浪费掉 50%的 (R)-异构体, 从而使得该方法的总收率低, 成本较高。 ' 发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺陷,本发明提供一种新的制备 (S) - N-乙基 -N-甲基 -3- [ 1- (二 甲氨基)乙基] -氨基甲酸苯酯( I )及其酒石酸盐( II )的方法,该方法采用化合物(III) 或其盐与光气、 双光气或三光气在碱性物质作用下得到化合物(IV), 化合物(IV )不经 纯化直接与 N-甲基- N-乙基胺反应制备化合物( I ), 化合物( I )与 L-(+)-酒石酸(V) 在反应制备其酒石酸盐 (11), 具体反应如下,
Figure imgf000004_0001
反应中所采用的碱性物质举例如下: 无机碱类(如碳酸钠、 碳酸钾、 氨基钠、 氢化 钠、氢化钾); 碱金属醇化合物 (如甲醇钠、 乙醇钠、 叔丁醇钾); 有机碱类(如三乙胺、 吡啶、 喹啉、 二异丙基乙基胺)。 反应所采用的溶剂为惰性溶剂, 举例如下: 如醚(如四 氢呋喃、 乙醚、 乙二醇二甲醚、 二恶烷); 芳香烃类(如苯、 甲苯、二甲苯); 卤代烃(如 二氯甲垸、 三氯甲垸、 二氯乙烷)。 反应的温度控制在 0°C到溶剂沸点的温度。 制备化合 物( I ) 时采用任意惰性溶剂, 低级醇类(如甲醇、 乙醇、 丙醇、 丁醇); 醚类(如四氢 呋喃、 乙醚、 乙二醇二甲醚、 二恶垸); 芳香烃类(如苯、 甲苯、 二甲苯); 卤代烃类(如 二氯甲垸、 三氯甲烷、 二氯乙烷); 二甲基甲酰胺, 二甲基乙酰胺; 酮等。
化合物(IV)和 N-甲基- N-乙基胺反应最好加入碱性物质, 以利于反应的进行, 可 加入的碱性物质举例如下: 无机碱类(如碳酸钠、 碳酸钾、 氨基钠、 氢化钠); 碱金属醇 化合物类(如甲醇钠、 乙醇钠、 叔丁醇钾); 有机碱类(如三乙胺、 吡啶、 喹啉、 二异丙 基乙基胺)。 反应溶剂采用任意惰性溶剂如醚(如四氢呋喃、 乙醚、 乙二醇二甲醚、 二恶 烷); 芳香烃类(如苯、 甲苯、 二甲苯); 卤代烃 (如二氯甲垸、 三氯甲烷、 二氯乙烷); 二甲基甲酰胺, 二甲基乙酰胺; 丙酮等。
化合物( I ) 与 L-(+)-酒石酸(V)根据常规的方法制备化合物(11)。
本发明中化合物 (III)或其盐釆用如下反应得到, 方法一:
化合物 (3) 可以采用众所周知的方法在氨基上引入双甲基, 其中包括甲醛 /甲酸、 硫酸二甲酯体系。
Figure imgf000005_0001
化合物 (4)在苯环 3号位选择性引入硝基, 可釆用的硝化条件为硝酸 /硫酸体系, 为了选择性地在苯环 3号位引入硝基, 控制反应中所加入的硝化试剂的用量和反应所釆 用的温度, 反应的温度不超过 50Ό, 优选的不超过 40°C, 不同的反应体系、 不同的硝化 试剂的用量, 所控制的最高温度有所不同。
化合物 (5) 中的硝基, 可采用常规还原方法, 包括催化氢化和化学还原。
化合物 (6) 的重氮化反应, 水解可采用常规的方法进行, 制得化合物(111), 化合 物(III)可根据需要转化为碱盐或者酸盐。
方法二-
Figure imgf000005_0002
其中 R为乙酰基、 丙酰基、 苯甲酰基或者苯乙酰基。
化合物 (3) 可以采用众所周知的方法在氨基上引入双甲基, 其中包括甲醛 /甲酸、 硫酸二甲酯体系。
化合物(4)在苯环 3号位选择性的引入酰基, 可以采用的酰化条件为路易斯酸或质 子酸存在下的乙酰氯、 丙酰氯、 笨甲酰氯、 苯乙酰氯体系, 优选的为乙酰氯、 苯甲酰氯、 苯乙酰氯体系; 为了控制反应在苯环上选择性的引入酰基, 酰化反应中所使用的酰化试 剂的用量控制在 1摩尔量的化合物(4)釆用 1.1-10.0摩尔量的酰化试剂量,优选的 1.1-2.0 摩尔量。
化合物(7) 与 Baeyer- Villager氧化剂在常规 Baeyer-Villager氧化反应体系中反应制 备化合物 (8), 包括间氯过氧苯甲酸、 三氟过氧乙酸体系。
化合物(8)在碱性条件下水解或者醇解制得化合物(III)或其盐, 化合物(III)可 根据需要转化为碱盐或者酸盐。
上述方法一到方法二中, 化合物(3)可先进行硝基或酰基的取代反应, 所得到的化 合物再与常规的氨甲基化试剂进行反应, 其中酰基可为乙酰基、 丙酰基、 苯甲酰基或者 苯乙酰基, 所得到的产物进行后续的反应。
方法三:
Figure imgf000006_0001
III
化合物 (3 ) 可以釆用众所周知的方法在氨基上引入双甲基, 其中包括甲醛 /甲酸、 硫酸二甲酯体系。
化合物(4)在苯环 3号位引入磺酸基, 可以釆用的磺化试剂为硫酸体系或者氯磺酸 体系。 为了控制反应在苯环上选择性的引入磺酸基, 可以控制反应中所加入的磺化试剂 的用量和反应的温度。
化合物 (9) 采用在强碱作用下熔融制得化合物 (111), 反应所采用的强碱可为氢氧 化钠和 /或者氢氧化钾。 化合物 (III)可根据需要转化为碱盐或者酸盐。
方法四:
Figure imgf000006_0002
III 化合物(3)在苯环 3号位引入磺酸基, 可以釆用的磺化试剂为硫酸体系或者氯磺酸 体系。 为了控制反应在苯环上选择性的引入磺酸基, 控制反应的磺化试剂的用量和反应 的温度。
化合物(11 )在强碱作用下熔融制得化合物(12), 反应所釆用的强碱可为氢氧化钠 和 /或者氢氧化钾。
化合物 (12) 中的氨基, 可以采用众所周知的方法在氨基上引入双甲基得到化合物 (III), 包括甲醛 /甲酸体系。
化合物(III)可根据需要转化为碱盐或者酸盐。
本发明合成工艺选择合理, 无需进行复杂的拆分纯化, 原料来源方便, 操作简单, 便于获得化学收率髙, 光学纯度高, 是一种经济的制备化合物 (I)及其酒石酸盐 (Π) 的方法。
本发明还提供了一种新的化合物中间体(5), 结构式如下:
Figure imgf000007_0001
本发明又提供了一种新的化合物中间体(6), 结构式如下:
Figure imgf000007_0002
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,这些实施例并非是对本发明范围或精神 的限制。
实施例一 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯基氯甲酸酯的制备
将三光气 (15.9 g, 53.5 mmol) 溶于 400 mL 四氢呋喃中, 在冰盐浴冷却下加入 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚钠 (25 g, 133.7 mmol), 0°C搅拌 20分钟, 然后加热 至 55-60°C反应 4小时, 用氮气吹走剩余光气, 过滤掉氯化钠, 浓缩得油状液体(30 g)。 不经提纯, 直接进入下一步反应。
实施例二卡巴拉汀的制备
冰水浴冷却下, 将实施例一中所得的油状液体 GO g)溶于 200 mL无水乙醚, 将此 溶液滴加至三乙胺(18.7 mL)、 甲基乙基胺(7.9 g, 133.7 mmol)和 300 mL的无水乙醚 的混合液中。 继续在冰水冷却下搅拌 20分钟, 然后室温反应过夜。 过滤除去三乙胺盐酸 盐, 用饱和食盐水 (2x200 mL)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩得无色油状液体, 减压蒸 馏, 收集 120-122 °C馏分 (约 0.5毫米汞柱), 得卡巴拉汀 (26.8 g, 两步收率 80%)。
实施例三 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯基氯甲酸酯的制备
将氢氧化钠 (3.18 g, 79.5 mmol)溶于 100 mL乙醇中, 慢慢滴加入 3-(l-(S)- (Ν,Ν- 二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚盐酸盐 (8 g, 39.7 mmol)的 100 mL乙醇溶液, 室温搅拌 1小时后, 浓缩蒸干乙醇和水。 冰盐浴冷却下, 将所得固体慢慢加至三光气 (4.7 g, 15.9 mmol) 的 四氢呋喃 (120 mL)溶液中, 0°C搅拌 20分钟, 然后加热至 55-60QC反应 4小时, 氮气 吹走剩余光气, 过滤掉氯化钠, 浓缩得油状液体(9 g)。不经提纯, 可直接与甲基乙基胺 反应制备卡巴拉汀 (操作步骤参照实施例二)。
实施例四 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯基氯甲酸酯的制备
将绝对无水吡啶(8.85 g, 110 mmol)慢慢滴加至 0°C的双光气( 14.2 mL, 200 mmol) 中,然后滴加 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚(16.5 g, 100 mmol)的无水乙醚 (30 mL) 溶液, 滴毕后, 0°C搅拌 1小时,然后升温至室温反应 8小时。减压去除氯化氢气体和多 余的光气, 再加入 200 mL无水乙醚, 过滤, 浓缩得油状液体(23 g)。 不经提纯, 可直 接与甲基乙基胺反应制备卡巴拉汀 (操作步骤参照实施例二)。
实施例五卡巴拉汀酒石酸盐的制备
将卡巴拉汀 (2.0 g, 8.0 mmol)和 L-(+)-酒石酸 (1.2 g, 8.0 mmol)溶于 5 mL甲醇中, 加热至 60°C, 搅拌至澄清, 然后将溶液冷却至室温, 加入丙酮(约 50 mL), 于 5°C过夜 析晶, 滤出所析晶体, 用丙酮清洗(2x10 mL), 40 °C真空干燥, 得白色晶体卡巴拉汀酒 石酸盐 (2.56 g, 80%)。
实施例六(S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的制备
冰水浴冷却下, 在 (5)-1-苯乙胺中 (100 g, 0.825 mol) 滴加甲酸( 129 g, 2.47 mol), 再加入甲醛(162 g, 2.06 mol),然后加热回流 12小时,冷却至室温, 5M盐酸调至 pH=2, 然后用 ml乙酸乙酯 (3x250 mL)提取除去杂质, 水相用 5M NaOH溶液调至 pH=9-10, 采用乙酸乙酯 (3x400 mL)提取, 有机相饱和食盐水洗涤两次, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 真空 除去溶剂, 减压蒸馏得无色透明液体(86.1 g, 70%)。
实施例七硝基取代的 0S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的制备
将 (5 N,N-二甲基小苯乙胺(30 g, 201 mmol) 溶于 150 mL氯仿中, 冰水浴冷却下 滴加到浓硫酸(52 mL)中, 控制溶液温度在 25QC以下, 然后在室温下搅拌 20分钟。滴 加浓硝酸( 15 mL, 221 mmol)和浓硫酸( 15 mL)的混酸溶液,滴加时控制温度在 30~35QC 左右。滴毕后将反应液冷却至室温, 继续搅拌半小时, 然后用 5 N的 NaOH溶液调节 pH 值至 9-10, 然后用氯仿(3 x 200 mL)萃取, 有机相合并后, 用饱和食盐水(2 x 200 mL) 洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩, 得黄色油状物(37.1 g, 95%, HPLC显示间位取代的产物 含量为 65%)。
实施例八硝基取代的 (5)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的制备
将 S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺 (20 g, 134 mmol)溶于 50 mL的 CHC13中, 冰水浴冷却 下滴加到浓硫酸 (40 mL)中, 保持溶液温度低于室温, 然后室温搅拌 20分钟。 滴加浓硝 酸 (11 mL), 滴加过程中保持溶液温度在 30-35^左右。 滴毕, 反应体系搅拌至室温, 用 5 N的 NaOH溶液调节 pH值至 9-10,然后用氯仿(3 x 250 mL)萃取,有机相合并后, 用饱和食盐水(2 150 mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,得黄色油状物(23.5g, 90%, HPLC显示间位取代的产物含量为 63%)。
实施例九 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯胺的制备
将实施例八中所得到的黄色油状物(20 g, 103 minol)溶于 100 mL乙醇中, 加热至 50°C, 滴加 SnCl2.2H20 (76.5 g, 339 mmol) 的盐酸(5 N, 240 mL)溶液, 滴加过程中保 持反应温度为 50〜60QC,滴加完毕后再于 50QC反应两小时。减压蒸掉体系中的部分乙醇, 用 5 N NaOH溶液调 pH值为 9-10, 然后用氯仿 ( 3 200 mL)萃取, 有机相合并后, 用 饱和食盐水(2 X 200 mL)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩, 柱层析分离得淡黄色油状物 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯胺(9.3 g, 55%)。
实施例十 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚的制备
将 17 mL浓 H2S04溶于 50 mL水中, 冰水浴冷却下加入 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基) 乙基) -苯胺 (8.1 g, 49.39 mmol), 滴加时保持温度在 25QC以下, 滴加完后继续室温搅拌 30分钟。 然后将反应体系用冰盐浴冷却, 滴加亚硝酸钠 (3.9 g, 56.5 mmol) 的 20 mL水 溶液, 滴加时保持反应体系温度在 5QC以下, 滴加完毕后, 在冰盐浴冷却下继续搅拌 1 小时, 得一淡黄色重氮盐溶液。 接着, 将该淡黄色重氮盐溶液滴加至 120 的 30 mL浓 硫酸和 15 mL的水的混合溶液中, 控制温度在 120-125GC, 滴加完毕后, 冷却至室温, 用 5 N的 NaOH溶液中和至 pH值为 9-10, 用乙酸乙酯 (2 100 mL) 萃取, 饱和食盐水 (2 x 50 mL)洗涤, 减压蒸干溶剂, 柱层析分离, 得淡黄色固体 3-(l-(S)- (N,N-二甲基胺 基)乙基) -苯酚(6.53 g, 80%)。
实施例十一 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚盐酸盐的制备
将实施例十中所得的乙酸乙酯萃取液加入 1 N的盐酸(lOO mL) , 室温搅拌半小时, 分出水层, 有机层再用 1N 的盐酸 (50 mL ) 洗涤, 合并水层, 浓缩得淡黄色固体 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚盐酸盐(8.0 g, 80%)。
实施例十二 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚钠的制备
称取钠(0.92 g, 40 mmol)溶解在 100 mL绝对无水乙醇中, 然后加入实施例十中所 得的 3-(l-(S)- (N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚(6.58 g, 39.9 mmol),室温搅拌半小时,浓缩, 得 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚钠 (7.45 g, 100%)。
实施例十三硝基取代的 苯乙胺的制备
称取 0S)-1-笨乙胺 20 g (165 mmol)溶于 50 mL的 CHC13中, 冰水浴冷却下, 滴加入 35 mL浓硫酸中, 滴加时保持温度 25QC以下, 滴毕后室温搅拌 20分钟。 滴加 13.5 mL 浓 HN03 (d = 1.4)和 13.5 mL浓硫酸配制而成的混酸, 滴加时控制温度在 30~35QC左右。 滴毕后将反应液冷却至室温, 继续搅拌半小时, 然后用 5 N的 NaOH溶液调节 pH值至 9-10, 然后用氯仿 (3 x 200 niL) 萃取, 有机相合并后, 用饱和食盐水(2 x 200 mL)洗 涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩, 得黄色油状物(24.9 g, 91%, HPLC显示间位取代的产物含 量为 64%)。
实施例十四 硝基取代的 (S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的制备
称取实施例十三所得的黄色油状物(13.3 g, 80 mmol),冰水浴冷却下,加入甲酸(12.6 g, 240 mmol)和甲醛 15.7 g (200 mmol), 加热回流反应 12小时, 冷却至室温, 用 5N的 盐酸调至 pH至 2-3, 用乙酸乙酯 (3 100 mL)提取除去杂质, 水相用 5 N的 NaOH 溶液调至 pH至 9-10, 再用乙酸乙酯(3 x 200 mL)提取, 有机相合并, 用饱和食盐水洗 涤 (2 x 500 mL), 无水硫酸钠干燥, 真空除去溶剂, 得黄色油状物 (12.4 g, 80%)。
实施例十五(<S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的乙酰基化产物的制备
在一装有冷凝器和氮气入口的 250 mL圆底烧瓶中加入三氯化铝(30.7 g, 230 mmol), 二硫化碳(150 mL)和乙酰氯(3.8 mL, 48 mmol),搅拌下将 (5)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺(5.5 g, 37 mmol) 分批加到此混合液中 (约 15分钟), 再将反应物搅拌 10分钟, 然后回流两 小时。将反应物冷却, 加到冰中充分搅拌, 用 5 N的 NaOH水溶液中和体系至 pH为 12, 用氯仿(3 x 200 mL)萃取, 有机相合并后, 用饱和食盐水(2 x l00 mL)洗涤, 无水硫 酸钠干燥, 得到乙酰化产物(5.66 g, 80%)
实施例十六 0S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的苯甲酰化产物的制备
在一装有冷凝器和氮气入口的 250 mL圆底烧瓶中加入三氯化铝(15.4 g, 115 mmol) , 二硫化碳(75 mL)和苯甲酰氯 (2.1 mL, 24 mmol) , 于 15分钟内将 ( -N,N-二甲基 -1- 苯乙胺(2.7 g, 18 mmol)分批加到此搅拌的混合物中, 再将反应物搅拌 10分钟, 然后回 流两小时。 将反应物冷却, 加到冰中充分搅拌, 用 5 N的 NaOH水溶液中和体系至 pH 为 12, 用氯仿 (3 x 200 mL) 萃取, 有机相合并后, 用饱和食盐水 (2 x l00 mL)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 经干燥后得到笨甲酰化产物 (3.4 g, 75%)。
实施例十七 0S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的乙酰化产物的 Baeyer-Villager氧化
将实施例十六中所得的 (S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的乙酰基化产物(6 g, 31.4 mmol) 溶于二氯甲烷(400 mL) 中, 加入磷酸二氢钠 (4.46 g, 31.4 mmol), 冰水浴冷却下, 加 入间氯过氧苯甲酸(29.5 g, 55%, 94.2 mmol), 0°C下搅拌 12小时。然后加入饱和 Na2S03 溶液(lOO mL),室温搅拌 5小时。用饱和碳酸氢钠调节 pH值至 9,用氯仿(3 x 200 mL) 萃取, 有机相合并后, 饱和食盐水(2 x 200 mL)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩, 柱层析 分离, 得 1,2和 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯基乙酸酯混合物 (5.2 g, 80%)。
实施例十八(S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的苯甲酰化产物的 Baeyer-Villager氧化
(S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺苯甲酰化产物(10.6 g, 41.8 mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(500 mL) 中, 加入磷酸二氢钠(5.94 g, 41.8 mmol), 冰水浴冷却下, 加入间氯过氧苯甲酸(39.3 g, 55%, 125.4 mmol), 0°C搅拌过夜, 然后加入饱和 Na2S03溶液 (120 mL), 室温下搅拌 5小时。用饱和碳酸氢钠调节 pH值至 9, 用氯仿(3x 300 mL)萃取, 有机相合并后, 饱 和食盐水(2x200 mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离,得 1,2和 3-(l-(S)-(N,N- 二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯基苯甲酸酯混合物(5.51 g, 49%)
实施例十九 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚的制备
称取实施例十七中所得的 1,2和 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯基乙酸酯混合物 (5 g, 24.7 mmol), 溶于四氢呋喃 (lOO mL) 中, 然后加入 NaOH (1.48 g, 37 mmol)的水 ( 10 mL)溶液。室温搅拌 3小时,然后用 NaHC03饱和溶液调 pH值至 9,乙酸乙酯 (3x150 mL)萃取, 有机相合并, 饱和食盐水 (2x150 mL)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩, 柱层 析分离, 得 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚(2.03 g, 51%)。
实施例二十 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚的制备
称取实施例十八中所得的 1,2和 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯基苯甲酸酯混合 物(7 g, 26 mmol), 溶于四氢呋喃 (lOO mL) 中, 然后加入 NaOH (1.48 g, 37 mmol)的水 ( 10 mL)溶液。室温搅拌 3小时,然后用 NaHC03饱和溶液调 pH值至 9,乙酸乙酯 (3x150 mL)萃取, 有机相合并, 饱和食盐水(2x150 mL)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩, 柱层 析分离, 得 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚(2.10 g, 49%)。 实施例二十一(5)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的磺化
称取(5 N,N-二甲基小苯乙胺 (23 g, 154 mmol) 溶于 150 mL氯仿中, 室温下滴入 氯磺酸 (30.8 mL, 462 mmol), 反应放热, 温度很快升至 60°C, 20分钟滴加完, 自然冷 却至室温。 将反应液倾入冰中 (300 g), 逐渐升温至 100°C加热 1小时, 冷却至室温后, 用 5 N的 NaOH溶液调 pH值至 12, 将体系中的水旋去, 然后用乙醇(500 mL)热提取, 热过滤后将所得母液浓缩,得灰白色固体 1,2和 3-(S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺磺酸钠的混合 物(30.9 g, 80%)。
实施例二十二(S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺的磺化
称取 (5}-N,N-二甲基小苯乙胺(20 g, 134 mmol)溶于 150 mL氯仿中,通 HC1气体至 全部成盐, 蒸干溶剂, 红外烘干, 得白色固体 (S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺盐酸盐 (24.9 g,134 mmol)。
将氯磺酸(13.4 mL, 201 mmol)加热至 140°C, 向其中加入上述所得的 (S -N,W-二甲 基 -1-苯乙胺盐酸盐, 加料完毕后于 140°C反应一小时。 自然冷却至室温, 将反应液倾入 冰中 (300 g), 然后逐渐升温至 100°C加热 1小时, 用 5 N的 NaOH溶液调 pH值至 12, 将体系中的水减压浓缩掉, 然后用热乙醇(500 mL)溶解, 热过滤后将所得母液浓缩, 得灰白色固体 1,2和 3-(S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺磺酸钠的混合物 (30.30 g, 90%)
实施例二十三(5)-N,N-二甲基- 苯乙胺的磺化
将浓硫酸 (50 g, 500 mmol)加热至 180DC, 加入 (5)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺(14.9 g, 100 mmol), 反应液在 180°C反应一小时, 自然冷却至室温。 将反应液倾入冰中 (200 g), 用 5 N的 NaOH溶液调 pH值至 12, 将体系中的水减压浓缩掉, 然后用热乙醇(350 mL) 溶解, 热过滤后将所得母液浓缩, 得 1,2和 3-(<S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺磺酸钠的混合物 (21.6 g, 86%)。
实施例二十四 (5 -1-苯乙胺的磺化
称取 (S)小苯乙胺(12.1 g, 100 mmol)溶于 150 mL氯仿中, 室温下滴入氯磺酸(20.0 mL, 300 mmol), 反应放热, 温度很快升至 60°C, 20分钟滴加完, 自然冷却至室温。 将 反应液倾入冰中( 150 g),逐渐升温至 100°C加热 1小时,冷却至室温后,用 5 N的 NaOH 溶液调 pH值至 12, 将体系中的水减压浓缩掉, 然后用热乙醇 GOO mL)提取, 热过滤 后将所得母液浓缩, 得灰白色固体 1,2和 3-(5)- 1-苯乙胺磺酸钠的混合物 (20.5 g, 92%)。
实施例二十五 (S)-l-苯乙胺的磺化
称取 (S)-l-苯乙胺 (24.2 g, 200 mmol)溶于 150 mL氯仿中, 通通 HC1气体至全部成 盐, 蒸千溶剂, 红外烘干, 得白色固体 (》S)-1-苯乙胺盐酸盐 (31.5 g, 200 mmol)。 将氯磺酸 (40.0 mL, 600 mmol)加热至 140°C, 加入上述所得的 (5)-1-苯乙胺盐酸盐, 加 料完毕后于 140°C反应一小时, 自然冷却至室温。将反应液倾入冰中(350 g), 然后逐渐 升温至 100°C加热 1小时, 用 5 N的 NaOH溶液调 PH值至 12, 将体系中的水减压浓缩 掉,然后用热乙醇(500 mL)提取,热过滤后将所得母液浓缩,得灰白色固体 1,2和 3-0S)- 1-苯乙胺磺酸钠的混合物 (41.1 g, 92%)。
实施例二十六 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚的制备
将实施例二十一、二十二和二十三中所得的 1,2和 3-0S)-N,N-二甲基 -1-苯乙胺磺酸钠 的混合物(25.1 g, lOOmmol)和 NaOH (40 g, 1 mol)溶于少量水中(70 mL),加热至 120 °C 将水蒸干, 继续升温至 280 °C, 体系进入熔融状态, 继续反应 5分钟, 停止加热, 自然 冷却至室温, 加水(200 mL), 用 6 N盐酸溶液调 pH至 9,然后用乙酸乙酯(3 χ 200 mL) 萃取, 有机相合并后, 用饱和食盐水 (2 X 200 mL)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩, 柱层 析分离, 得 3-(l-(S)-( ,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚(7.93 g, 48%)。
实施例二十七 3-(l-(S)-胺基乙基) -苯酚的制备
将实施例二十四和二十五中所得的 1,2和 3-0SH-苯乙胺磺酸钠 (22.3 g, 100 mmol) 和 NaOH (40 g, 1 mol)溶于少量水中 (70 mL), 加热至 120 °C将水蒸干, 再继续升温至 280°C,体系进入熔融状态,继续反应 5分钟,停止加热,自然冷却至室温,加水(200 mL), 用 6 N盐酸溶液调 pH至 9, 然后用乙酸乙酯 (3x 200 mL)萃取, 有机相合并后, 用饱 和食盐水 (2 200 mL)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 浓缩, 柱层析分离, 得 3-(l-(S)-胺基乙 基) -苯酚(7.54 g, 55%)。
实施例二十八 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚的制备
称取实施例二十七中所得的 3-(l-(S)-胺基乙基) -苯酚( 11.0 g, 80 mmol),冰水浴冷却 下, 加入甲酸( 12.6 g, 240 mmol)和甲醛 15.7 g (200 mmol), 加热回流反应 12小时, 冷 却至室温, 用 5N的盐酸调至 pH至 2-3, 用乙酸乙酯 G x lOO mL)提取除去杂质, 水 相用 5N的 NaOH溶液调至 pH至 9-10, 再用乙酸乙酯 (3 x 200 mL)提取, 有机相合 并,用饱和食盐水洗涤(2 x 500 mL),无水硫酸钠干燥,真空除去溶剂,得 3-(l-(S)-(N,N- 二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚(10.4 g, 79%)。
实施例二十九 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚盐酸盐的制备
将 25.5 mL浓 H2S04溶于 75 mL水中,冰水浴冷却下加入 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基) 乙基) -苯胺 (12.15 g, 74 mmol) , 滴加时保持温度在 25。C以下, 滴加完后继续室温搅拌 30分钟。 然后将反应体系用冰盐浴冷却, 滴加亚硝酸钠 (5.85 g, 84.75 mmol) 的 30 mL 水溶液, 滴加时保持反应体系温度在 5QC以下, 滴加完毕后, 在冰盐浴冷却下继续搅拌 1 小时, 得一淡黄色重氮盐溶液。 接着, 将该淡黄色重氮盐溶液滴加至 120QC的 30 mL浓 硫酸和 15 mL的水的混合溶液中, 控制温度在 120-125QC, 滴加完毕后, 冷却至室温, 用 5 N的 NaOH溶液中和至 pH值为 9-10, 用氯仿 (3 x 200 mL) 萃取, 有机相合并后, 用 饱和食盐水(2 x 200 mL)洗涤, 无水硫酸钠干燥, 将体系真空浓缩至约 200 mL, 通 HC1 气体 30 分钟。 浓缩得淡黄色固体 3-(l-(S)-(N,N-二甲基胺基)乙基) -苯酚盐酸盐 (12.7 g, 85%)。

Claims

权利要求
1、S)-N-
Figure imgf000015_0001
的制备方法,
Figure imgf000015_0002
(III)的化合物或其盐与光气、双光气 或者三光气在碱性物质作用
Figure imgf000015_0003
( IV ), 化合物(IV ) 不经纯化直接与 N-甲基- N-乙基胺反应制备化合物 ( I )。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中所述式 (III)化合物或其盐经如下反应制得: a.起始原料化合物 (3)
Figure imgf000015_0004
与氨甲基化试剂反应, 得化合物 (4) b.化合物 (4) 与硝化试剂反应, 得化合物(5) c化合物 (5) 与还原试剂反应, 得化合物 (6)
Figure imgf000015_0005
d.化合物(6)与亚硝酸盐在酸性条件下进行重氮化反应,然后水解得到化合物(III); e.根据需要, 将化合物 (III)转变成相应的碱盐或者酸盐。
3、 权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中所述式 (III)化合物或其盐经如下反应制得: a.化合物(3 )在氨甲基化条件下反应制备化合物 (4);
b. 化合物 (4 ) 与酰化试剂在路易斯酸或质子酸存在下反应制备合物 (7 )
Figure imgf000015_0006
其中 R为乙酰基、 丙酰基、 苯甲酰基或者苯乙酰基; c.化合物(7)经 Baeyer-Villager氧化制备化合物(8)
Figure imgf000015_0007
, 其中 R为乙 酰基、 丙酰基、 苯甲酰基或者苯乙酰基;
d.化合物 (8) 经水解得到化合物 (ΠΙ);
e.根据需要, 将化合物(III)转变成相应的碱盐或者酸盐。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中所述化合物(III) 或其盐经如下反应进行, a. 化合物 (3 )在氨甲基化条件下反应制得化合物 (4);
b.化合物 (4) 与磺化试剂反应, 得化合物(9 ) c化合物(9)在氢氧化钠和 /或氢氧化钾作用下碱
Figure imgf000016_0001
熔得到化合物(III)
d.根据需要, 将化合物 (III)转变成相应的碱盐或者酸盐。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中所述化合物(III)或其盐经如下反应进行, a. 化合物 (3 ) 与磺化试剂反应得到化合物 (11 ) b.化合物(11 )在氢氧化钠和 /或氢氧化钾存在下碱
Figure imgf000016_0002
熔制得化合物(12) c. 化合物 (12)在氨甲基化条件下反应制得化合物 (III)
Figure imgf000016_0003
d.根据需要, 将化合物 (III)转变成相应的碱盐或者酸盐。
6、 如权利要求 2或者 3所述的方法, 其中所述化合物 (3 )先与硝化试剂引入硝基 或酰化试剂反应引入酰基, 所得产物再与氨甲基化试剂反应, 其中酰基为乙酰基、 丙酰 基、 苯甲酰基或者苯乙酰基。
7、如权利要求 1所述的方法,其中所述碱性物质选自包括碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氨基钠、 氢化钠、 氢化钾的无机碱类; 包括甲醇钠、 乙醇钠、 叔丁醇钾的碱金属醇化合物; 和包 括三乙胺、 吡啶、 喹啉、 二异丙基乙基胺的有机碱类 。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中从化合物(IV)制备化合物( I ) 的反应在碱性 物质中进行, 所述碱性物质选自包括碳酸钠、 碳酸钾、 氨基钠、 氢化钠的无机碱类; 包 括甲醇钠、 乙醇钠、 叔丁醇钾的碱金属醇化合物; 和包括三乙胺、 吡啶、 喹啉、 二异丙 基乙基胺的有机碱类。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 从化合物 (III )制备化合物 (IV) 的反应在惰性溶 剂中进行, 所述惰性溶剂选自包括四氢呋喃、 乙醚、 乙二醇二甲醚、 二恶烷的醚类, 包 括苯、 甲苯、 二甲苯的苯类; 及丙酮; 从化合物(IV)制备化合物(I ) 的反应在惰性溶 剂中进行, 所述惰性溶剂选自包括甲醇、 乙醇、 丙醇、 丁醇的低级醇; 包括四氢呋喃、 乙醚、 乙二醇二甲醚、 二恶垸的醚类; 包括苯、 甲苯、 乙苯的苯类; 二氯甲烷、 三氯甲 烷、 二氯乙烷的卤代烃类; 二甲基甲酰胺; 二甲基乙酰胺; 及丙酮。
10、 一种化合物( I )的酒石酸盐(II )的制备方法, 化合物( I )与 L-(+)-酒石酸 (V) 反应制备化合物 (11 )。
11、 一种结构式如下的化合物 (5)
12、 一种结构式如下的化合物 (6)
Figure imgf000017_0001
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