Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
  • B63C1/00—Dry-docking of vessels or flying-boats
  • B63C1/02—Floating docks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
  • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to offshore oil and gas exploration and production systems, and in a specific, non-limiting embodiment, to a system and method of capturing, lifting and coupling a plurality of sea vessels using a centralized wet docking station, so that relative deck sizes are effectively increased, and equipment packages and other facilities are exchanged between the decks of captured vessels in a stable and efficient manner.
• an FPSO system 100 similar to those presently being employed in the field is depicted, wherein the FPSO comprises a large deck surface ⁇ e.g., in excess of about 20,000 square feet) capable of accommodating useful operational structures such as a helicopter pad 101; officer, crew and control rooms 102; a water treatment facility 103; one or more fluid injection pumps 104; one or more oil, gas, sand and water separators 105; a gas treatment injection facility 106; a power generator 107; and a gas flare 108.
• a helicopter pad 101 e.g., in excess of about 20,000 square feet
• the FPSO has deck space for uploading additional equipment packages from other vessels on an as-needed basis, and serves as a central station for the entire exploration and production operation.
• the FPSO is held in place during operations by a mooring system using a plurality of mooring lines (not shown) that are tied off to other vessels, mooring buoys, etc.
• the FPSO is moored to a turret, so that it essentially revolves around a fixed point; and in a further embodiment, the FPSO is dynamically positioned, so that it is allowed to move in response to wave and swell actions, while still being held in position relative to the support vessels and drilling sites in the surrounding area.
• a modern FPSO used to service subsea production wells 110 and/or injection wells 111 will typically have a keel length of between about 900 and 1,500 feet, with a storage section 109 having a storage capacity of between about 500,000 barrels and about four million barrels disposed beneath the ship's deck surface.
• the vessel is instead called a floating production unit (FPU). While relatively effective in deepwater environments, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that FPSO systems also have several major drawbacks.
• a modern FPSO can take as long as eight to ten years from start-up to completion before it can be used at sea, and the total cost associated with manufacturing the vessel can run in excess of one billion dollars.
• an FPSO is so large and expensive to manufacture, only very large field operations (e.g., those producing about 50,000 barrels a day or more) will economically justify an operator's investment in such a vessel. Consequently, a great many lesser fields (for example, fields have the capacity to yield only about 10,000 barrels a day) are known by explorers to contain reserves, but are not being worked by producers because the cost of production using an FPSO would exceed the profits that could be obtained from recoverable reserves.
• U.S. Letters Patent No. 853,328 to Wiking discloses a pontoon-type floating dock, which captures and lifts one or more vessels so as to serve as an extension of an attendant dry dock.
• the Wiking system is deficient, however, in that it is useful "only for small vessels,” lacks the buoyant capacity to capture and lift vessels of any significant size and weight (which is, of course, a critical aspect of any modern exploration and production system), and utterly fails to contemplate the coupling of multiple deck surfaces in order to form a larger, unified deck from which exploration and production operations can be carried out.
• 6,336,419 to Breivik discloses a barge having one or more docking stations formed at either end in which captive ships can be docked, but fails to appreciate the advantages of lifting and coupling two or more vessels so that their respective deck surfaces are combined into a larger, unitary surface from which exploration and production operations can be carried out with maximum efficiency and safety.
• a wet docking station for exploring and producing offshore energy sites includes at least: a buoyant central docking station; an adjustable buoyancy chamber for adjusting the buoyancy of the buoyant central docking station; and at least one subordinate docking station for capturing and lifting at least one sea vessel.
• a method of exploring and producing offshore energy sites using a wet docking station includes at least: disposing a buoyant central docking station in communication with an adjustable buoyancy chamber, wherein said adjustable buoyancy chamber is used to adjust the buoyancy of said buoyant central docking station; and disposing the buoyant central docking station in communication with at least one subordinate docking station, wherein the subordinate docking station is used to capture and lift at least one sea vessel.
• Figure 1 is a side view of a floating production and storage offtake vessel presently known in the prior art.
• Figure 2 is a side view of an example wet docking station according to the invention.
• Figure 3 is a rear view of a combined central stabilizer and bumper guard structure useful with the wet docking station depicted in Figure 2.
• Figure 4 is the wet docking station depicted in Figure 3, shown after two vessels have been captured within the docking station.
• Figure 5 is a rear view of a portion of the docking station depicted in Figure 4, shown with two ships that have already been captured being lifted and pinched between a central divider and a plurality of side stabilizers.
• Figure 6 is an elevated depiction of a wet docking station according to the invention.
• Figure 7 is an elevated view of a wet docking station having additional storage capacity according to the invention.
• Figure 8 is a rear view of a wet docking station used to load and offload equipment, material, supplies, etc., between the decks of captured vessels.
• Figure 9 is a front view of a wet docking station having additional storage capacity and additional deck surface for accommodating and storing equipment packages, technical facilities, etc.
• Figure 10 is a top view of an alternative wet docking system according to the invention, in which a plurality of individual wet docks are coupled together.
• Figure 11 is a front view of the wet docking station depicted in Figure 10, wherein vessels of different sizes are shown captured, lifted and coupled together, so that associated deck surfaces are combined into a single, unitarywhole.
• the present invention is directed to an offshore docking system in which a number of multifunctional sea vessels are captured, lifted and coupled in a central "wet" dock using one or more adjustable buoyancy chambers.
• a wet docking station is defined as a docking station capable of rising up from beneath sea level to capture and couple one or more vessels, so that greater deck and storage space, and a more flexible combination of facilities and equipment packages, is achieved.
• the buoyancy chambers are generally disposed beneath the hulls of either the wet docking station or the vessels captured within the dock (or both), so that the buoyancy chambers are capable of transmitting a significant lifting force toward the bottom of the hulls; however, in some embodiments the adjustable buoyancy chambers are disposed within the hull of the docking station itself, with external buoyancy chambers being added to the system on an as-needed basis.
• a sea vessel docking station according to the invention comprises a rib shaped support hull or other central docking station 200; one or more adjustable buoyancy chambers 201, which are held or connected to the bottom of the docking station 200 by adjustment control means 202; and one or more vessel capturing stations 203 used to capture incoming vessels prior to lifting and coupling them together.
• adjustable buoyancy chamber 201 and the vessel capturing stations 203 rise up from beneath the hull of a vessel and apply a significant lifting force, thereby lifting, supporting and pinching the vessel together in the arms of the docking station 200, so that a mutual deck surface can be established between the newly captured vessel and other, previously captured vessels in a safe and reliable manner.
• adjustable buoyancy chamber 201 the depth at which adjustable buoyancy chamber 201 is disposed beneath the wave surface is controlled by an adjustable control means
• adjustable buoyancy chamber 201 is disposed in direct communication with support hull 200.
• support hull 200 is instead equipped with one or more buoyancy chambers (such as an internal ballast system), so that the depth of the docking station is controlled by either flooding or evacuating the buoyancy chambers disposed in support hull 200 with a fluid, such as sea water, pneumatic pressure supplied from an outside source, etc.
• a fluid such as sea water, pneumatic pressure supplied from an outside source, etc.
• the central docking station can be dynamically positioned with respect to surrounding vessels and buoys (not shown), fixed to a turret so that the station revolves around a mooring, or simply tied off to suction anchors 204 or the like using one or more sets of mooring lines 205.
• portions of the central docking station 300 comprise a divider 301 disposed between the capturing stations, so that captured vessels cannot collide or transmit wave forces toward other vessels captured in the docking station 300.
• outer portions of divider 301 and the inner portions 302 of the capturing stations are fitted with ship bumpers 303 or the like, so that captured vessels can be lifted and pinched against the bumpers 303 by, for example, tying off the vessel against the bumpers using ropes or chains, or by inwardly pivoting an arm of the station about a pivoting member 305.
• captured vessels are lifted and held in place against the ship bumpers 303 by means of an adjustable buoyancy chamber 304.
• an adjustable buoyancy chamber 304 disposed in the capturing station can be used to lift the decks of the vessels to a similar elevation, so that a mutual deck surface can be established between them, and equipment packages and the like can be transferred from ship to ship.
• portions 400, 500 of the docking station will still comprise primary buoyancy chambers used for raising the station up from beneath the vessels and initiating the capturing process, and for sinking the station back into the sea so that captured vessels can be maneuvered away to make room for other, newly acquired vessels.
• a wet docking station 600 according to the invention is shown which illustrates how two or more vessels can be captured, lifted and coupled in the station so that a unitary, multifunctional, sea-worthy vessel is created for furthering an exploration and production operation.
• a principle advantage of the system is that the total deck surface area of a smaller vessel 601 can effectively be increased by adding the deck surface area of a second, adjoining vessel 602 that has been captured, lifted and coupled to the first vessel 601. For example, if first captured vessel 601 has a working deck space of about 150 in length and about 50 feet wide, then the total available workspace on that vessel is about 7,500 square feet. Likewise, if second captured vessel 602 has a working deck space of about 200 feet in length and 70 feet wide, then the total available workspace is about 14,000 square feet. By lifting and coupling the two vessels together, however, a total available working deck space of about 21,500 square feet (7,500 plus 14,000) is achieved.
• first captured vessel 601 is equipped with one or more of a power generator 603; a water treatment facility 604; a water injection package 605 with attendant water injection lines 617; and a crew housing and control unit 606.
• a power generator 603 for generating power
• a water treatment facility 604 for generating water
• a water injection package 605 with attendant water injection lines 617 for generating power
• Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, however, that virtually any number of other packages, production and storage units, stacks of riser or drilling equipment, etc., can instead be disposed on the first vessel.
• first captured vessel 601 lacks an oil and gas separator, gas compression and injection units, an oil treatment unit, and many other facilities and packages customarily found on floating storage and offtake vessels that might prove useful during operations.
• a second vessel 602 is captured, raised to an essentially equal deck height as the first vessel, and then coupled to either the first vessel or the docking station so that personnel can safely and reliably enjoy the advantages of both vessels simultaneously, even as the two coupled vessels and the docking station proceed as a single, unitary whole.
• captured second vessel 602 further comprises a helicopter pad 607; a gas compressor 608 having attendant gas injection lines 616; oil, gas and/or water separators 609; a gas treatment unit 618; an oil treatment unit 610; a gas flare boom 611; and a plurality of oil production lines 615.
• the vessel is controlled by ballasting at least part of the docking station down into the sea, and then floating the vessel over the docking station 600 so that it can be captured and raised to the deck height of the first vessel.
• At least part of the docking station 600 is ballasted down into the sea, moved beneath the hull of the vessel intended for capture, and then raised, so that the vessel is now securely held in the dock, and the facilities and packages disposed thereupon can be used by operators in conjunction with the facilities and packages disposed on the first captured vessel 601.
• the station releases a captured vessel by employing a protocol that is essentially the reverse of the capturing process.
• At least part of the station beneath the vessel is ballasted down until the vessel is free of the frictional forces holding the vessel between central stabilizer 613 and side docking ribs 614; the vessel is then moved out of the station under its own power, towed out of the station using a support vessel, or simply held in place using either a tethering system or dynamic positioning techniques while the station is moved out from under the vessel.
• a barge-like storage tank 700 is equipped with a ribbed hull docking station comprising a central stabilizer 701 and a plurality of side stabilizers 702, which define a first vessel docking port 703 and a second vessel docldng port 704, as described above with respect to various other embodiments.
• a large fluid storage facility 705 is also provided, wherein about 500,000 barrels of fluid can be stored during production, and then discharged into a tanker when its storage capacity has been reached or is otherwise convenient for operators.
• the entire docking station, or, alternatively, part of the docking station can be submerged beneath sea level 705 at any given time, so long as the station remains sufficiently stable to accommodate the lifting and coupling of captured vessels.
• FIG. 8 depicts another embodiment of a sea vessel docking station according to the invention, wherein the system's improved loading and offloading capabilities are emphasized.
• an offshore wet dock 800 within which a plurality of vessels 801, 802 are captured, is provided, comprising two or more docking stations formed by a plurality of docking station inner surfaces 807, 808 and a plurality of lockable, pivoting side stabilizers 805, 806.
• ballast chambers used to either improve or retard the dock's buoyancy characteristics, depending on whether water or another fluid is being pumped into or evacuated from the ballast chambers.
• ballast chambers satisfy the definition of the term "adjustable buoyancy chamber" within the context of claimed design.
• secondary buoyancy chambers 809, 810 can be replaced by a more conventional, mechanical lifting system (not shown) without departing from the scope of the invention.
• Other presently contemplated methods of leveling captured vessels' decks include holding the height of one of the deck surfaces in a static position while raising the deck surface of a second vessel, and/or holding one of the deck surfaces at a static height and then lowering the deck surface of the other vessel. Since many ships already include ballast systems that admit to the raising and lowering of a deck surface by raising or lowering the profile of the entire vessel, it is also possible to utilize that functionality and avoid the need for a secondary lifting system contained within the docking station in order to level the deck surfaces of captured vessels.
• wet dock 800 is further equipped with a docking station connecting member 811, comprised of one or more vertical support members 812, a conveyer belt and roller assembly 813, and, in the depicted embodiment, a spool for winding and unwinding cable or chain, etc., in response to winch system 814, 817, which feeds its line over pulley 816 so that cargo or equipment package 815 can be transferred from the deck of captured vessel 802 down onto the surface of conveyer belt and roller assembly 813.
• the cargo or equipment package can then be moved closer to the deck surface 818 of captured vessel 801, or else moved on board the deck surface 818 of captured vessel 801, so that operators can begin to use the equipment package 815 while captured vessel 802 is allowed to leave the docking station.
• captured vessel 802 has a testing package aboard that is useful in conjunction with an exploration package stored on vessel 801.
• the testing package is transferred down onto the deck surface of the docking station by means of an elevated winch and pulley system, a hoist, or a small crane or the like.
• vessel 802 is then removed from the docking station, and a third ship is captured and raised in its place, so that additional equipment can be transferred onto the deck of docking station 800.
• a larger intermediate deck surface 907 disposed above the entirety (or part) of the docking station hull 900 will result in the creation of a large, stable platform surface having a total area greater than even the combined deck surfaces 908, 909 of the captured vessels 901, 902 from which additional operations can be carried out.
• a portion of wet dock 900 is large enough to serve as a fluid storage container, which can be fully or partially submerged beneath sea level until such time as a transfer of stored fluids becomes either desirable or necessary (e.g., in the case where the storage container becomes full of stored fluid during the course of operations).
• the general-purpose hull of the prior embodiments is replaced with a floating frame 1000, within which an individual vessel can be captured.
• Additional floating frames 1001, 1002, each of which house other captured vessels 1003, 1004, are then connected to the first floating frame 1000 using a known connecting means 1006 (e.g., ship bumpers, connecting rods, etc.), so that the resultant structure becomes coupled into a single, modularized whole.
• a known connecting means 1006 e.g., ship bumpers, connecting rods, etc.
• the entire structure is supported by an external adjustable buoyancy chamber (not shown); in other embodiments, however, the structure is not supported by a separate buoyancy chamber, and instead relies on its own ballast and weighting systems to raise and lower the frames beneath desired vessels' hulls prior to capture.
• a mutual deck surface 1111 or other, similar structure is fitted over the topmost surfaces of each ship.
• the two vessels 1103, 1104 are coupled, so that necessary operations can be carried out while the system continues to safely perform at sea as a single unitary structure.
• operators can thereafter use all of the various equipment packages (e.g., drilling packages, testing packages, production packages, workover packages, etc.) originally stored on the individual ships as if the packages were originally all present on a single FPSO.
• a principal advantage of the invention in this respect is that ships of any size, age and hull design can be captured and coupled in the docking station, while the docking station itself proceeds at sea, essentially performing as an integrated, unitary housing within which various ships are serviced.
• the invention disclosed herein provides a unique system and method by which a central docking station can capture, lift and couple a plurality of sea vessels, so that a flexible, modularized production system is achieved on a cost effective basis.
• the capabilities of a number of older, less expensive vessels can be combined to achieve an effective FPSO substitute that allows lower producing fields to be explored and produced in a profitable manner. Time horizons between initiation and consummation of field operations are reduced, and older vessels that might otherwise be scrapped or retired are again made useful and seaworthy.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
• Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
• Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
• Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)

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• 2005
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• 2011
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