Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
  • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/04—TPC
  • H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
  • H04W52/10—Open loop power control
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
  • H04B7/0417—Feedback systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04B—TRANSMISSION
  • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
  • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
  • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
  • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
  • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
  • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
  • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
  • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
  • H04B7/0623—Auxiliary parameters, e.g. power control [PCB] or not acknowledged commands [NACK], used as feedback information
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
  • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
  • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
  • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
  • H04L1/1867—Arrangements specially adapted for the transmitter end
  • H04L1/188—Time-out mechanisms
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/04—TPC
  • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
  • H04W52/42—TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
  • H04W52/04—TPC
  • H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
  • H04W52/50—TPC being performed in particular situations at the moment of starting communication in a multiple access environment
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
  • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
  • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

• the present invention relates to power control in wireless communication systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for Open Loop Power Control in multiple antenna communication systems.
• OLPC Open loop power control
• a mobile communication device to set its initial transmit power to a level that is suitable for reception by a receiver.
• a closed loop power control (CLPC) scheme is used to maintain the communication link at a desired quality of service (QoS) level.
• QoS quality of service
• the quality of the transmitted signal is measured to determine if a communication link can be established with the mobile device.
• the quality of the transmitted signal is typically a measure of pathloss, interference, or signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). If the quality of the transmitted signal is suitable for establishing a communication link, the base station transmits a response signal to the mobile device indicating the same. If, however, the transmitted signal is deemed inadequate, and/or if a response signal is not received at the mobile device, the mobile device increases its transmit power, retransmits its signal, and waits for the base station response signal. Until the mobile device actually receives the response signal, the mobile device will continue to increase its transmit power by a predetermined amount at predetermined time intervals.
• This conventional OLPC scheme is illustrated in Figure 1.
• the illustrated scheme 100 may represent an OLPC function in a single-antenna mobile communication device (not shown) configured to operate in a CDMA, CDMA2000, UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system), or any other wireless communication system.
• the OLPC scheme 100 first requires a mobile device to transmit an initial transmission signal T 1 at an initial, predetermined transmit power level P ⁇ i. After a predetermined time interval ⁇ t, if the mobile device has not received a response signal, the transmission power P is increased by a first power increase ⁇ iP, and the signal is retransmitted T2 at an adjusted transmit power P ⁇ 2, wherein P ⁇ 2 may be defined as a sum of the initial transmit power P ⁇ i and the predetermined power increase A 1 P, as indicated by Equation 1 below:
• the transmit power P ⁇ n of subsequent transmissions T n may be defined generally as indicated by Equation 2 below:
• ⁇ iP i.e., the increase in transmit power
• ⁇ iP the increase in transmit power
• a mobile device must continue to retransmit its transmission signal T3, T4, ...TN at an increased transmit power P ⁇ 3 P ⁇ 4 ...P 1 Tn, until it receives a response signal, i.e., until a communication link is established.
• the OPLC function 100 terminates and a CLPC function (not shown) takes over power control of the established communication link.
• OLPC scheme 100 mobile devices may be required to transmit communication signals at large average power levels due to, for example, prolonged moments of fading or increased multi-path.
• conventional OLPC schemes are only applicable to single-antenna mobile communication devices. There does not exist an OLPC scheme tailored to optimize an initial transmit power in multiple-antenna devices.
• the present invention is a method and apparatus for performing open loop power control (OLPC) in multi-antenna devices that minimizes power consumption in wireless communication systems.
• An initial set of antenna weights is selected and multiplied by copies of a transmission signal to produce a weighted transmission signal.
• OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
• the signal copies are modulated on a selected set of sub-carriers and the sub-carriers are weighted using the selected antenna weights.
• the weighted transmission signal is then transmitted using an initial overall transmission power.
• the antenna weights are adjusted and/or the sub- carriers are reselected, modulated, and weighted and the newly weighted transmission signal is re-transmitted.
• the overall transmission power is maintained at a fixed value as the antenna weights and/or selected sub-carriers are adjusted and is increased only if a satisfactory signal strength acknowledgment is not received after a predetermined number of weight adjustments.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a graphical representation of a conventional open loop power control (OLPC) scheme
• FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of an OLPC scheme in accordance with the present invention
• FIG. 3 illustrates a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) configured to implement the OLPC scheme of the present invention
• Figure 4 illustrates a graphical representation of an OLPC scheme according to the present invention.
• a wireless transmit/receive unit includes but is not limited to a user equipment, mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, pager, or any other type of device capable of operating in a wireless environment.
• a base station includes but is not limited to a Node-B, site controller, access point or any other type of interfacing device in a wireless environment.
• the present invention provides an Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) scheme and WTRU for use in multiple-antenna wireless communication systems. Contrary to conventional OLPC schemes, which are designed for use in single- antenna-type devices, the present scheme involves more than merely increasing the transmission power of a signal until that signal is successfully received at a receiver. As further discussed below, the OLPC scheme of the present invention involves adjusting various antenna weights of a transmission signal while maintaining an overall transmit power. If receipt of the transmission signal is not successfully acknowledged after a predetermined number of weight adjustments, only then will the overall transmit power be increased. Controlling the transmit power in this manner minimizes the amount of power consumed in establishing a communication link and ensures an initially lower average transmit power once the link is established.
• OLPC Open Loop Power Control
• a multiple-antenna system refers generally to a wireless communication system wherein at least one transmitter and/or receiver employ more than one antenna.
• these systems include CDMA, wideband (W)-CDMA, CDMA-one, CDMA-2000, IS95A, IS95B, IS95C, UMTS and others.
• OFDM/OFDMA-based systems such as long-term evolution (LTE) 3GPP, IEEE 802.16c (Wi-Max), IEEE 802. Hn are also examples of multiple-antenna systems.
• LTE long-term evolution
• Wi-Max IEEE 802.16c
• IEEE 802. Hn Two of the primary advantages of utilizing multi- antenna devices include spatial diversity and improved system throughput via spatial multiplexing.
• Spatial diversity refers to an increased likelihood of successfully transmitting quality signals caused by an increased number of transmit antennas. In other words, as the number of antennas increases, the chances of successfully transmitting a quality signal increases.
• Spatial multiplexing refers to transmitting and receiving data streams from multiple antennas at the same time and in the same frequency spectrum. This multiplexing characteristic enables a system to achieve higher peak data rates and increased spectrum efficiency.
• spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing can be utilized to minimize power consumption, thereby further improving system capacity, performance, and throughput.
• FIG. 2 a flow diagram 200 illustrating a method for implementing OLPC in accordance with the present invention is shown.
• Open loop power control is initiated when a signal is generated for purposes of establishing a communication link (step 202). Copies of this signal are then generated (step 203), such as with a serial to parallel converter.
• S-FDMA single carrier FDMA
• these signal copies are modulated onto a plurality of selected sub-carriers (step 203a).
• An initial set of antenna weights is then selected (step 204) for application to the signal copies and/or the modulated sub-carriers.
• the signal copies and/or sub-carriers are multiplied by the selected antenna weights to produce a weighted signal (step 206).
• antenna weights or “weighting” refers to the process of modifying particular transmit parameters, (e.g., phase, amplitude, etc.), of particular signals and/or sub-carriers before they are transmitted across multiple transmit antennas. This weighting process results in a combined signal that when transmitted, radiates the highest signal strength in the direction of a desired receiver.
• antenna weights are applied to the initial transmission signal (step 204) to ensure reception of the signal at an intended receiver, and to maintain a desired transmit power level.
• Selection of the initial antenna weights (step 204) may be accomplished by any appropriate means. Purely by way of example, the initial weights may be selected from a "code book" stored in the WTRU.
• This code book may comprise, for instance, predetermined weighting permutations configured for the particular WTRU.
• the antenna weights may be selected according to a space-time coding scheme, wherein the transmitting WTRU utilizes the correlation of the fading at the various antennas to determine optimal antenna weights.
• Antenna weights may also be selected according to previously received channel quality indicators (CQIs).
• Yet another example method of determining antenna weights includes multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) "blind beam forming". Blind beam forming attempts to extract unknown channel impulse responses from signals previously received via the multiple antennas. Antenna weights may then be determined based on these impulse estimates.
• MIMO multiple-input, multiple-output
• the transmission signal is transmitted via the multiple antennas (step 208) with an initial overall transmit power.
• all transmit power refers to the total transmit power consumed in transmitting a transmission signal via multiple transmit antennas, understanding that the transmit power consumed by individual antennas may vary.
• a response signal is received, (step 210), a communication link is established (step 216) and the method 200 terminates.
• a response signal may include any type of indication, for example, a CQI, that alerts the WTRU that the weighted signal has been successfully received.
• the initial antenna weights are adjusted (step 212) and the transmission signal is re-weighted (step 206) and retransmitted (step 208).
• a different set of sub-carriers may be selected for modulating with signal copies (203a) rather than, or in addition to, adjusting the initial antenna weights (step 212).
• the overall transmit power remains unchanged. That is to say, although adjusting antenna weights and/or re-selecting sub-carriers may result in the transmit power for a particular sub-carrier and/or a particular antenna(s) being increased, the overall transmit power of all the antennas remains the same.
• the OLPC scheme (200) determines whether a response signal is received within the predetermined time period (step 210). If the adjusted antenna weights and/or reselected sub-carriers fail to produce a response signal, the antenna weights are readjusted and/or a new set of sub- carriers is selected (step 212), the antenna weights are applied (step 206), and the weighted signal is retransmitted (step 210). This adjustment/retransmission cycle, i.e., step 212 followed by steps 206, 208, and 210, continues until a response signal is successfully received.
• the overall transmission power allotment is increased (step 214). Based on this higher power allotment, the antenna weights are readjusted and/or the sub- carriers are reselected (step 212) and the remainder of the OLPC scheme 200 is repeated until a communication link is established (step 216), or until the OLPC scheme 200 is otherwise terminated. It should be noted that the subsequent power increases (step 214) may be by fixed or by variable amounts.
• OLPC in accordance with the present invention is shown.
• a signal generator 302 for generating an initial transmission signal
• a serial to parallel (S/P) converter 304 for providing copies of the initial transmission signal
• a weighting processor 306 for obtaining and adjusting antenna weights, including overall transmit power adjustments
• a multiplier 308 for weighting the signal copies, or in the case of OFDM/OFDMA, weighting the modulated sub-carriers, using the antenna weights provided by the weighting processor 306, and a plurality of transmit/receive antennas 310a, 310b, 310c,... 31On, for transmitting weighted signals and for receiving response signals.
• a plurality of transmit/receive antennas 310a, 310b, 310c,... 31On for transmitting weighted signals and for receiving response signals.
• the signal generator 302 generates an initial transmission signal for establishing a communication link with, or example, a base station (not shown). This transmission signal is then processed in the S/P converter 304 where multiple copies of the transmission signal are generated, one copy corresponding to each of the plurality of transmit/receive antennas 310a, 310b, 310c, ... 31On. An initial set of antenna weights are then obtained by the weighting processor 306 for application to the copies of the generated transmission signal. In this regard, the weighting processor 306 may obtain the initial set of antenna weights by any appropriate means, including from a code storage processor 312 which stores and maintains predefined and/or previously utilized antenna weights.
• the initial set of weights may be selected according to a space-time coding scheme, wherein the weighting processor 306 is configured to utilize its awareness of the correlation of the fading of the plurality of transmit/receive antennas 310a, 310b, 310c,... 31On in determining optimal antenna weights.
• the weighting processor 306 may be configured to estimate optimal antenna weights based on a MIMO blind beam forming algorithm.
• the weighting processor 306 selects as the initial antenna weights, weights which have previously been generated and are stored in the optional code book processor 312.
• the multiplier 308 multiplies the selected antenna weights by signal copies to produce a weighted transmission signal.
• an optional sub-carrier generator (not shown) may also be included for generating and selecting a predetermined number of sub-carriers.
• the sub-carriers are modulated with the signal copies and then weighted by the multiplier 308 using the selected antenna weights.
• the weighted signal copies and/or sub-carriers are then transmitted to an intended base station (not shown) as a weighted transmission signal at a predetermined overall transmit power via the plurality of transmit/receive antennas 310a, 310b, 310c, ... 31On. If within a predetermined time interval, the intended base station (not shown) acknowledges detection of the weighted transmission signal, a response signal is received in the WTRU 300 and a communication link is established.
• the weighting processor 306 performs a first adjustment of the initial antenna weights (i.e., phase, amplitude, and any other predetermined transmit parameters) and sends the adjustments to the multiplier 308, where they are applied to the signal copies and/or sub-carriers.
• the sub-carrier generator (not shown) may reselect the sub-carriers to be used for transmission.
• the newly weighted signal is then retransmitted to the base station (not shown) via the plurality of transmit/receive antennas 310a, 310b, 310c,... 31On. It should be noted, that in adjusting the antenna weights and/or reselected sub-carriers, the overall initial transmit power remains unchanged.
• the antenna weights are readjusted, reapplied, and the weighted transmission signal is retransmitted.
• the sub-carriers set may be reselected and weighted via the current or adjusted antenna weights. This adjustment/ retransmission cycle continues until the weighted transmission signal is successfully received in the base station (not shown) and an acknowledgement reflecting the same is received in the WTRU 300.
• the antenna weights are adjusted and the sub-carriers are re-selected in a manner that maintains the overall transmit power at its initial, predetermined level.
• the overall transmission power is normalized, preferably according to any applicable standard including CDMA-2000, CDMA-one, UMTS, WCDMA, GSM, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.16e, LTE 3GPP, etc. It is only after completion of a number of adjustment cycles that the overall transmit power may be increased, as further discussed below.
• the weighting processor 306 increases the overall transmission power allotment. Based on this increased power allotment, the antenna weights and/or the selected sub-carriers are readjusted, signal copies and/or sub-carriers are re-weighted, and the weighted signal is retransmitted as previously described. This new overall transmit power allotment becomes the threshold for future antenna weight and/or sub-carrier adjustments/selections until a communication link is established, or until a subsequent overall power increase is deemed necessary.
• any subsequent increases may be by a fixed amount equal to the first increase, or by a variable amount.
• the graphical representation 400 may represent an OLPC function in a multi-antenna WTRU (not shown) configured to operate in a CDMA, CDMA2000, CDMA-one, UMTS, OFDM/OFDMA, S-PDMA, IEEE 802.16e, IEEE 802.11n, LTE 3GPP, or any other multiple-antenna wireless communication system.
• a WTRU transmits an initial transmission signal T 1 , weighted with a selected set of antenna weights, at an initial, predetermined transmit power level Pm-
• the weights are applied to an initial set of selected sub-carriers. If within a predetermined time interval ⁇ t, the WTRU (not shown) has not received an acknowledgment confirming receipt of the weighted transmission signal T 1 , the antenna weights are adjusted and/or the sub-carriers are reselected in a manner that normalizes or maintains the initial, predetermined transmit power constant. The newly adjusted antenna weights are then applied to the transmission signal T 1 and the adjusted transmission signal T2 is retransmitted. Optionally or additionally, a new set of sub-carriers is reselected and weighted with the initial antenna weights or with the newly adjusted antenna weights.
• the antenna weights and/or the selected sub-carriers are again adjusted, re-weighted and the readjusted transmission signal T3 is retransmitted.
• This adjustment/ retransmission cycle continues until a communication link is established, or until a predetermined number n of adjusted signals T n are transmitted and unsuccessfully acknowledged.
• the signal transmissions T 1 , T2, ... Tn are each transmitted with different antenna weight/sub-carrier combinations, they are each transmitted with the same overall initial transmit power level P-n.
• the initial transmit power level P ⁇ i is increased by a first power increase amount A 1 P.
• the transmission signal T n+ i is then retransmitted with an adjusted set of antenna weights and/or with newly selected sub-carriers with the newly adjusted overall transmit power level P ⁇ i, wherein P ⁇ i may be defined as a sum of the initial transmit power PK and the predetermined power increase ⁇ iP, as indicated by Equation 3 below:
• IC or be configured in a circuit comprising a multitude of interconnecting components.
• a method for open loop power control in a transmitter comprising multiple antennae.
• a transmitter for open loop power control 13.
• the transmitter of embodiment 12 comprising: multiple antennae for transmission.
• the transmitter of any of embodiments 11 or 12 comprising: a means for adjusting antenna weight in each transmission until a satisfactory signal strength is obtained at a receiver.
• a wireless communication system configured for use with any of the preceding embodiments.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Signal Processing (AREA)
• Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
• Transmitters (AREA)
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