WO2006120172A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aufarbeitung von kühlschmierstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aufarbeitung von kühlschmierstoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006120172A1 WO2006120172A1 PCT/EP2006/062106 EP2006062106W WO2006120172A1 WO 2006120172 A1 WO2006120172 A1 WO 2006120172A1 EP 2006062106 W EP2006062106 W EP 2006062106W WO 2006120172 A1 WO2006120172 A1 WO 2006120172A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling lubricant
- filtrate
- membrane
- ion exchanger
- additive
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0058—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by filtration and centrifugation processes; apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0008—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning with the use of adsorbentia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0091—Treatment of oils in a continuous lubricating circuit (e.g. motor oil system)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/04—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning aqueous emulsion based
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/06—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by ultrafiltration or osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
- C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for processing of cooling lubricants.
- Cooling lubricants are mainly used in metalworking and have the task of protecting tools against wear, ensuring good workpiece surface quality, dissipating the resulting metal chip and heat, and protecting components and equipment from corrosion. They are indispensable in the serial production of components made of metallic materials.
- Water-mixed cooling lubricants are multi-substance mixtures, which for the most part contain water and, to a lesser extent, various dissolved and emulsified active substances. They are usually complex compositions that may contain 25 and more different components. They are widely used in the metalworking industry. In 2002, consumption in Germany alone was around 700,000 t.
- Water-mixed coolants are used in recirculation systems, which may contain several hundred cubic meters of liquid, over a long period of time before they must be replaced and disposed of.
- the maximum possible period of use, the service life significantly influences the cost situation in a metalworking company. Additional costs arise from the disposal of the used cooling lubricants and the loss of production when changing the agent.
- great efforts have been made to reduce costs through dry machining, minimum quantity cooling lubrication, optimized care and novel, highly stable coolant lubricant formulations.
- the metals and salts dissolved in ionic form deteriorate the performance characteristics of the cooling lubricant and can cause a number of problems in the application of the cooling lubricant, such as, for example, Corrosion, demulsification and residue formation due to salt precipitation.
- critical values for example for chloride, are often measured in cooling lubricants after just four months. The user is then forced to replace and dispose of the coolant.
- cooling lubricants are usually collected and subjected to ultrafiltration, by which they emulsion splitting in an oil-free filtrate and an oily Concentrate to be separated.
- DE 43 40 529 A1 discloses the two-stage treatment of cooling lubricant emulsions by a combination of cross-flow and membrane filtration. This is intended to achieve a concentration of up to 90%.
- the oil-free filtrate is freed from heavy metals in a further working step and can then be introduced into the sewage system, the oil-containing concentrate must be disposed of by specialist companies.
- DE 38 73 070 T2 discloses a process for treating contaminated oil-in-water emulsions with porous membranes whose pore surface is covered with a layer of titanium dioxide. Impurities are retained by the membrane and rinsed in a regeneration cycle by means of back pressure from the filter element and removed.
- DD 238 625 A1 discloses a method of cleaning metal working emulsions comprising two separately switchable, alternately operated cleaning circuits.
- the emulsion is freed of low molecular weight and ionic impurities by means of a semipermeable membrane, which are removed from the circulation as filtrate.
- spent emulsion is worked up or split by ultrafiltration and excess foreign oil removed as a gap concentrate from the circulation. In the process, liquid losses are compensated by the supply of fresh concentrate and water.
- the invention is accordingly based on the object of providing a process for working up water-mixed cooling lubricants, with which foreign ions and, if appropriate, other undesirable components can be removed from the cooling lubricant without impairing the usability of the cooling lubricant, and which makes it possible to significantly extend the service life of the coolant.
- This object is achieved by a method for working up of water-mixed cooling lubricants, in which subjecting the cooling lubricant or a part thereof to a membrane separation process by passing it through a membrane filter while splitting it into a filtrate and a retentate, one (a) the filtrate discards and retentate mixed with an oil-free additive to compensate for the loss of volume of the cooling lubricant caused by the discarding of the filtrate and the loss of additives or (b) with an ion exchanger reduces the concentration of interfering ions in the filtrate and this then returned to the cooling lubricant circuit.
- Cooling lubricants are understood to mean agents which are used for separating, shaping and processing materials for cooling and lubricating.
- Water-miscible cooling lubricants are subdivided into water-soluble and emulsifiable cooling lubricants.
- the water-miscible cooling lubricant in the application state is referred to as water-mixed cooling lubricant.
- the above terms are used here in accordance with DIN 51385.
- the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for working up emulsifiable cooling lubricants.
- emulsifiable cooling lubricants are emulsions of immiscible liquids, preferably oil / water mixtures such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.
- oil / water mixtures such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.
- a uniform and stable distribution of the oil is achieved by emulsifiers.
- esters are natural and synthetic Glycerinester of higher fatty acids, preferably triglycerides of CIO-C22 fatty acids and especially C 2 -i ⁇ 8 fatty acids, monohydric liquid at room temperature ester fatty acids with mono- or polyhydric alcohols and esters of polyhydric fatty acids with mono- or polyhydric alcohols understood, wherein the esters contain at least 10 carbon atoms.
- a preferred triglyceride is rapeseed oil, preferred further esters are diisopropyl adipate, trimethylolpropane trioleate, castor oil polyglycol ester and pentaerythritol ester.
- cooling lubricants usually contain further additives, such as corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, biocides, pH stabilizers and anti-foaming agents, with such additives being preferred as described below as components of the oil-free additives.
- Oil-free additives are accordingly liquids which do not contain any of the abovementioned oil components and at least one of the abovementioned additives, preferably in each case at least one anticorrosive agent, surfactant, biocide, stabilizers for the pH and antifoams.
- the oil-free additives may contain the vehicle water.
- the method is particularly suitable for the treatment of cooling lubricants containing 80 to 98 wt .-% and in particular 90 to 98 wt .-% water and 1 to 20 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 8 wt .-% and most preferably 2 to 8 wt .-% of the ⁇ lkom- component and 1 to 9 wt .-% of other additives.
- filters with an asymmetric membrane are preferred. Furthermore, it is preferred to use membranes whose surface is negatively polarized.
- the separation limit of the membrane filter is chosen so that can be unwanted components that are registered in the use of the cooling lubricant in this or accumulate in use in the cooling lubricant, ie, can pass through the membrane.
- the membrane is preferably tuned for the separation of ions, in particular Cl.sup. + , Mg.sup.2 + and / or Ca.sup.2 + .
- Mg 2+ ions are formed, for example, during the treatment of magnesium-containing alloys according to the reaction equation: Mg + 2 H 2 O ⁇ Mg 2+ + 2 OH " + H 2
- Magnesium ions can cause a phase separation of the cooling lubricants or precipitate as carbonates or hydroxides and thus lead to plant malfunctions.
- short-chain organic compounds such as alcohols, aldehydes, amines and carboxylic acids, which can be formed by oxidative, hydrolytic and microbiological reactions of constituents of the cooling lubricants, can be separated off by the process according to the invention.
- Such compounds have a detrimental effect on skin tolerance, germ growth and foaming.
- the separation limit of the membrane filter is preferably in the range of 10,000 to 80,000 daltons, more preferably 15,000 to 60,000 daltons, and most preferably 20,000 to 40,000 daltons.
- the cooling lubricant to be filtered is preferably applied to the membrane under pressure and flow, preferably under a pressure of 1.5 to 6.0 bar, more preferably 2.5 to 4.0 bar.
- the membrane filtration is preferably carried out according to the cross-flow principle.
- the membrane is tangentially flowed, so that no inhibiting deposits are formed due to the adjusting turbulent flow conditions.
- interfering constituents of the cooling lubricants together with the filtrate which passes through the membrane and is removed from the cooling lubricant are removed, so that the problems associated with the presence of these components do not occur.
- the filtrate is essentially an aqueous solution of the unwanted components and membrane-permeable additives. Oils are completely retained by the membrane, as are most of the higher molecular weight active components. For this reason, it is sufficient to compensate for the loss of fluid resulting from the removal of the filtrate in the cooling lubricant by oil-free additives in order to achieve a significantly longer service life of the cooling lubricants.
- a preferred oil-free additive contains, in addition to a carrier liquid, one or more of the additives which are removed from the cooling lubricant during filtration and which are preferably made from
- Anticorrosion agents preferably Borklarealkanolami- nestern, Borklarealkanolaminsalzen, salts and amides of C 7 - C 4 carboxylic acids or triazine carboxylic acids with C 2 ⁇ C 4 -Alkanol- amines (amino alcohols) or C 2 -C 4 amines, these substances to the Part also have emulsifying properties,
- Corrosion inhibitors for non-noble metals preferably phosphonic acid compounds, in particular C 2 -C 4 -alkanolamine salts of C 1 -C 6 -alkylphosphonic acids,
- Surfactants preferably anionic surfactants, such as benzenesulfonate, nonionic surfactants, such as alkylpolyglycol ethers, Biocides, preferably 3-iodo-2-Propinylbutylcarbamat, the sodium salt of pyridine-2-thiol-l-oxide, N- or O-formals are selected.
- anionic surfactants such as benzenesulfonate
- nonionic surfactants such as alkylpolyglycol ethers
- Biocides preferably 3-iodo-2-Propinylbutylcarbamat, the sodium salt of pyridine-2-thiol-l-oxide, N- or O-formals are selected.
- the oil-free additive may contain one or preferably more of the additives mentioned.
- N- and O-formals are bactericidal amine-formaldehyde condensation products.
- the surfactants have an emulsifying effect.
- the biocides serve as preservatives.
- a preferred carrier liquid is water, and most preferably demineralized water.
- the additives may be dissolved, emulsified and / or dispersed in the carrier liquid.
- the oil-free additive can be used alone or preferably together with water for volume compensation.
- the use of pure water or of oil-containing additives leads to a change in the composition of the cooling lubricant and renders it unusable within relatively short periods of time.
- (a-1) at least one carboxylic acid compound obtained by reaction of a C 7 -C 4 -, preferably C 7 -C 12 -mono- or -di-carboxylic acid, particularly preferably 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isononic acid, trimethylheptanoic acid, enanthic acid, sebacic acid, Azelaic acid and / or dodecanoic acid, and / or triazine tricarboxylic acids, preferably triazinetriyltriiminotrihexanoic acid, with a primary and / or tertiary alkanolamine, preferably monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine and / or triethanolamine;
- (a.-2) at least one boric acid compound obtainable by reaction of boric acid with a primary and / or tertiary alkanolamine, preferably monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine and / or triethanolamine;
- At least one surfactant preferably an anionic surfactant and in particular a mono- and didodecyl disulfonated diphenyloxide, disodium salt (mono- and disodium dodecyl (sulfonophenoxy) benzenesulfonate);
- (a-4) at least one preservative, preferably 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, pyridine-2-thiol-1-oxide or their sodium salts;
- the additive component A contains:
- component (a-4) From 30 to 50% by weight of component (a-1); From 20% to 40% by weight of component (a-2); 1 to 5% by weight of component (a-3); 0.2 to 1% by weight of component (a-4) water: ad 100%.
- (b-1) at least one carboxylic acid compound obtained by reacting a C7-C14-, preferably C7-C12-mono- or di-carboxylic acid, more preferably 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isononanoic acid, trimethylheptanoic acid, enanthic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid and / or dodecanoic acid, and / or triazine tricarboxylic acid.
- ren preferably Triazintriyltriiminotrihexanklare, with a primary and / or tertiary alkanolamine, preferably monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine and / or triethanolamine, is available;
- (b-2) at least one surfactant, preferably an anionic surfactant and in particular a mono- and didodecyl disulfonated diphenyloxide, disodium salt (mono- and disodium dodecyl (sulfonophenoxy) benzenesulfonate);
- a surfactant preferably an anionic surfactant and in particular a mono- and didodecyl disulfonated diphenyloxide, disodium salt (mono- and disodium dodecyl (sulfonophenoxy) benzenesulfonate);
- (b-3) at least one preservative, preferably 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, pyridine-2-thiol-1-oxide or their sodium salts;
- the additive component B contains:
- component (b-4) water 2 to 10% by weight of component (b-4) water: ad 100%.
- (c-1) at least one carboxylic acid compound by reaction of a C 7 -C 4 -, C 2 -C 7, preferably mono- or di- carboxylic acid, particularly preferably 2-ethylhexanoic acid, isononanoic acid, trimethylheptanoic acid, oenanthic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid and / or dodecanoic acid, and / or triazine tricarboxylic acids, preferably triazinetriyltriiminotrihexanoic acid, with a primary and / or tertiary alkanolamine, preferably monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine and / or triethanolamine;
- (c-2) at least one phosphonic acid compound, preferably a C 2 -C 4 -alkanolamine salt of a C 8 -C 5 -alkylphosphonic acid, a mono- or dialkylphosphoric acid, preferably a C 1 -C 10 -alkyl ester or a mixture thereof;
- (c-3) at least one surfactant, preferably an anionic surfactant and in particular a mono- and didodecyl disulfonated diphenyloxide, disodium salt;
- (c-4) at least one preservative, preferably 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, pyridine-2-thiol-1-oxide or their sodium salts;
- the additive component C contains:
- component (c-1) From 40% to 60% by weight of component (c-1);
- component (c-2) From 2% to 20% by weight of component (c-2);
- component (c-3) 1 to 5% by weight of component (c-3);
- component (c-4) 0.2 to 1% by weight of component (c-4); From 2 to 10% by weight of component (c-5); Water: ad 100%.
- the components can be used individually or together.
- the addition of the oil-free additive and / or the water can take place at any point in the cooling circuit.
- the retentate can be mixed with water and / or admixture, but the addition can also take place, for example, to the storage tank of the cooling lubricant.
- the oil-free additives used according to the invention are adapted to the cooling lubricants and the membranes such that active components of the cooling lubricant, which are removed during membrane filtration, can be specifically replenished.
- the concentration of the additives present in the cooling lubricant is preferably monitored analytically during the work-up.
- the concentration of the additives is largely responsible for the corrosion-protective effect of the water-mixed cooling lubricants.
- the concentration is preferably determined by means of a neutralization titration, in which the alkaline ingredients contained in the additive are used as the lead substance.
- the concentration determination can be automated.
- the total concentration of the additive in the cooling lubricant is preferably maintained at 1.5 to 3.5 wt .-%.
- a determination of the corrosion protection reserve of the cooling lubricants by means of the filter-chip method according to DIN 51360/2, or ASTM D 4627-92, or IP 125/82 be made.
- a defined amount of gray castings (2 g DIN and IP method, 4 g ASTM method) placed on a filter paper in a Petri dish, and the zu checking coolant is applied to the chips lying on the filter.
- the closed dish is then stored for 2 h (DIN) or 24 h (ASTM, IP).
- the chips are then removed from the filter and the discoloration of the contact points filter / chip caused by corrosion is evaluated.
- a limit value in excess of which an increase in concentration of the additives is necessary preferably an occurrence of 3 corrosion marks of which no more than 1 mm in diameter has set (DIN), or a discoloration of max. 10% of the contact area filter / chip (ASTM, IP).
- the process according to the invention can be operated batchwise or, preferably, continuously. Particularly preferably, the method is operated by-pass to the actual cycle of the cooling lubricant.
- the filtrate is supplied according to the disposal or processed by further processes, preferably by reverse osmosis, while the retentate is continuously recycled into the cooling lubricant circuit.
- the filtrate is freed of interfering ions with an ion exchanger and subsequently returned to the cooling lubricant circuit.
- the hourly filtrate performance of the membrane separation process during continuous operation is preferably 0.2 to 1.5 l / h, more preferably 0.4 to 0.6 l / h per 1,000 l of the cooling lubricant to be treated.
- the filtrate capacity is preferably in a range of 2 to 12 l / h, more preferably 4 to 8 l / h and most preferably 6 l / h per 1,000 liters of the cooling lubricant to be treated.
- the volume ratio of filtrate to retentate in the range of 1% to 15%, more preferably 3 to 13% and most preferably from 3% to 7%.
- the process according to the invention is adapted to the cooling lubricant system to be treated so that the concentration of the critical ingredients does not exceed certain limit values.
- concentration of the critical ingredients does not exceed certain limit values.
- the nature of the critical ingredients and the limit values depend essentially on the materials to be processed and are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the process is preferably controlled so that the chloride concentration in the cooling lubricant substance is below 150 mg / l, more preferably below 100 mg / l.
- the chloride concentration in the cooling lubricant substance is below 150 mg / l, more preferably below 100 mg / l.
- the goal is to keep the Mg-ion concentration as low as possible.
- the process is controlled so that the Mg 2+ concentration remains below 400 mg / l, more preferably below 300 mg / l and most preferably below 150 mg / l.
- a control of the Mg 2+ concentration can be made by determining the total hardness of the cooling lubricant.
- the total hardness of the cooling lubricant is preferably maintained in the range of 5 to 75 ° d, more preferably 5 to 35 ° d and most preferably 5 to 30 ° d.
- the Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ concentrations can be determined, for example, by complexometric titration with EDTA. However, the Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ concentrations can also be determined by means of commercial test strips for determining the total hardness. Alternatively, the concentration determination of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ and other metal ions can be made by atomic absorption spectrometry.
- the process and in particular the membrane separation process can also be controlled via the conductivity.
- the method is preferably controlled so that the conductivity of the cooling lubricant is in the range ⁇ 6 mS / cm, particularly preferably 2.0 to 6.0 mS / cm.
- the conductivity serves as an indicator of the total ion concentration and allows easy online measurement of the desalination effect. However, you can usually make no statements about individual ion concentrations via the conductivity measurement.
- potentiometric and voltammetric methods which allow the selective determination of the concentration of individual ions, can be used to control the process.
- one or more conductive substances are selected, the concentration (s) of which are measured.
- the process, and in particular the membrane separation process, is controlled so as to comply with the limits chosen for this lead substance (s).
- the selection of the conductive substance to be measured depends on which ions are particularly critical for the respective cooling lubricant system and can be carried out by the skilled person without further ado.
- ferrous metals Ca 2+ and / or chloride are preferred as the lead substance, in the processing of magnesium-containing alloys Mg 2+ .
- the cooling lubricant is preferably subjected to conventional filtration to separate solids before being introduced into the membrane filter.
- a filter with a mesh size of 75 to 100 ⁇ m is used.
- the filtration is carried out above all with a roll-band filter or particularly preferably a bag filter.
- magnetic and gravity separators can be used.
- the inventive method allows the processing of cooling lubricants during production, without affecting the function of the cooling lubricant.
- conventional methods cause the destruction of the coolant lubricant emulsion, rendering it unusable.
- process of the invention can be operated without such measures over long periods without an increase in the concentration of the oil component would be observed.
- ions are continuously removed from the cooling lubricant.
- the loss of membrane permeable, low-molecular ingredients of the cooling lubricants is compensated by the Nachsatz one or more of the oil-free additives described above, so that a consistent quality of the coolant is guaranteed.
- the filtrate of the membrane filter is treated with an ion exchanger in order to remove interfering ions.
- the filtrate which contains ions and low molecular weight cooling lubricant constituents, passed through an ion exchanger, which exchanges interfering ions for non-critical ions.
- the filtrate is returned to the cooling lubricant circuit.
- Disturbing ions are understood to mean mainly Cl.sup. + And in particular Mg.sup.2 + and Ca.sup.2 + ions, very particularly Mg.sup.2 + ions. These ions are preferably exchanged for H +, and in particular Na + or OH ". Due to the ion exchanger may be a type of ion or a plurality of different ion species are removed corresponds.
- the ion exchanger is tuned to the ions to be separated.
- acidic particularly preferably strongly acidic organic cation exchanger resins
- anions alkaline preferably strongly alkaline organic anion exchange resins.
- cation exchangers is preferred.
- the ion exchange resins preferably have a particulate form, particularly preferred are spherical materials.
- the particles preferably have a size of less than 2 mm, more preferably less than 1.5 mm and most preferably less than 1 mm.
- ion exchangers based on polystyrene-divinyl copolymers.
- materials with sulfonic acid groups are particularly suitable, for example the resins available under the name Resinex® KW-8 from the company Jacobi Carbons.
- the ion exchanger is preferably used in the form of an ion exchanger unit.
- suitable containers preferably pressure vessels, which are filled with ion exchange resin. It is preferred to use units containing from 40 l to 400 l of resin.
- the filtrate preferably flows through the ion exchanger unit from bottom to top in order to ensure the most efficient possible ion exchange.
- the ion exchanger units are preferably designed for a volume flow of the filtrate of 300 l / h to 1500 l / h, more preferably 300 to 600 l / h and the filtrate is preferably passed through the modules with such a volume flow.
- the ion exchangers are treated with a suitable regenerant.
- a suitable regenerant In the case of the cation exchangers are hydrochloric acid, preferably with a concentration of 5 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 5 to 10 wt .-%, and aqueous NaCl solution, in the case of the anion exchanger aqueous NaOH solution, preferably with a concentration of 5 to 30 wt .-%, particularly 5 to 10 wt .-% as a regenerating agent preferred.
- the regeneration of the ion exchangers preferably takes place in three stages:
- softened drinking water is preferably used, i. Water with a total hardness of less than 2 degrees dH and a chloride content of less than 30 mg / l, more preferably fully desalted (VE) water.
- VE fully desalted
- the regenerating agent can be applied.
- the regeneration of the ion exchanger is preferably carried out automatically, so that a continuous operation of the system is possible.
- the suction of the regenerant is preferably carried out using the Venturi principle, so that no additional pump is needed.
- the rinse water is passed through the ion exchanger at a high flow rate, thereby generating a negative pressure which is utilized for sucking in the regenerant.
- Rinsing water and aspirated regenerating agent are then passed through the ion exchanger together.
- the concentration of the regenerant is in this case such that after mixing with the rinse water, the desired final concentration is reached.
- the ion exchange is preferably carried out in a shuttle, i.
- Two ion exchange units are connected in parallel, with only one unit in operation at a time. If its capacity is exhausted, it switches over to the second unit and regenerates the first unit.
- the changeover from the first to the second unit can be controlled via the volume flow.
- the capacity of the ion exchanger is calculated and the volume flow required to exhaust this capacity is determined. Once the determined volume has been conveyed through the ion exchanger unit, the switchover to the second ion exchanger unit takes place and the first ion exchanger unit is regenerated.
- Variant (b) of the process according to the invention has the advantage that as a rule no replacement of liquid and active components is required here. Low-molecular constituents of the coolant, which pass through the membrane filter, remain in the filtrate of the ion exchanger and are returned together with this into the coolant lubricant circuit. In this way, a further improvement in the service life of the cooling lubricant and a reduction in the volume to be disposed of is possible. The savings in additional components for a new approach to cooling lubricant and for secondary water can significantly reduce the costs of operating the system.
- the invention further relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- This includes in addition to at least one membrane filtration module of the type defined above, at least one pump and possibly a conventional filter.
- the device additionally contains at least one ion exchanger, preferably in the form of an ion exchanger unit. Particularly preferred is a device which has two ion exchange units, which can be guided in pendulum operation as described above.
- the invention also includes a system comprising a device of the type described above and one or more of the above-defined oil-free additives, preferably the additives A, B and / or C.
- FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the process according to the invention for working up cooling lubricants according to process variant (a).
- the tank of a central cooling lubricant system (not shown) is shown. From there, the cooling lubricant is conveyed by the pump 30 into the cooling lubricant circuit 35.
- the used cooling lubricant is recycled from the circuit to the tank 31.
- a portion of the coolant is taken from the liquid flow on the pressure side of the pump 30 and passed through an optional pre-filter 2 for the separation of solids, which is provided on both sides with shut-off valves 1 and 3.
- the cooling lubricant is supplied to the membrane filter 9 with the circular pump 4.
- the valve 5 allows adjustment of the inflow to the membrane filter 9, at 6 a pressure gauge for pressure monitoring is shown.
- the cooling lubricant is split into a filtrate and a retentate.
- the filtrate is discharged via the flow meter 10 at 40 into the sewage system or into a collecting container. passes.
- the retentate is passed through the valves 7 and 8 at 34 back into the tank 31 ofméschmierstoffanläge.
- the valve 7 serves to increase the pressure, the valve 8 to shut off.
- the pressure control takes place via the manometer 6a.
- a metering device for the addition of oil-free additives is shown.
- FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of the process according to the invention for working up cooling lubricants according to process variant (b).
- the collected in the reservoir 47 permeate 40 from the process A is promoted by the pump 44 through the ion exchanger 43 or 45. With valve 49, the volume flow is adjusted and monitored by the flow meter 50.
- the activation of the ion exchanger 43 or 45 takes place via the valves 54 and 55 and the desalted filtrate 41 is returned at 41 to the central system.
- the regeneration takes place via the control of the valves 52 and 53, wherein the regeneration is carried out by flushing with water via inlet 51 and regenerating agent from reservoir 46.
- the aspirating of the regenerating agent is carried out using the Venturi principle.
- the resulting reclaim 42 from the ion exchangers 43 and 45 is disposed of.
- Example 1 Processing of a Cooling Lubricant with Discard of the Filtration of the Membrane Filtration (Variant A)
- the total volume of cooling lubricant in the system was 25 m 3 .
- the cooling lubricant originally had the composition given in Table 1.
- the cooling lubricant was worked up during production with a membrane separation process.
- the plant for carrying out the membrane separation process had a capacity of 150 l / h.
- a membrane filter with an asymmetric membrane with a cut-off of 30,000 daltons was used.
- the membrane filtration was operated at a pressure of 3.5 to 4.0 bar and a flow rate of about 14 m 3 / h.
- the membrane filtration system was coupled as shown in Figure 1 in the bypass to the cooling lubricant system.
- the work-up of the cooling lubricant was carried out continuously over a period of 5 days.
- the fluid losses resulting from the treatment were compensated by adding demineralized water.
- the oil content of the emulsion was determined daily according to DIN 51368.
- the concentration of the additive constituents was measured daily with a neutralization titration and the cor- Anti-protection reserve determined in accordance with DIN 51360/2.
- the relevant, disturbing influence on the performance characteristics of the cooling lubricant was exercised here over the existing chloride ions. Therefore, the control and control of the treatment was carried out by the titrimetric measurement of the chloride ion content.
- the oil content of the cooling lubricant (ingredients Nos. 1 and 2) remained constant over the entire treatment period, so that no oil component had to be supplemented.
- the total concentration of additive components (ingredients Nos. 3 to 6) dropped from the original 1.8 to 1.3% at the end of the treatment period, below the preset limit concentration of 1.5%.
- the loss of additives was adjusted to 1.6% by the addition of an oil-free Type A additive.
- the chloride concentration could be reduced from the initial 175 mg / ml to 97 mg / 1 by the 5-day treatment (120 h).
- Example 2 Working Up of a Cooling Lubricant with Purification of the Filtrate of Membrane Filtration by Ion Exchange (Variant B)
- Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, salts and low molecular weight compounds were separated from the operating emulsion and the Mg concentration was lowered.
- the membrane separation process was operated at a capacity of about 500 l / h.
- the downstream use of a cation exchanger made it possible to permanently keep the Mg 2+ concentration below 400 mg / l.
- ion exchange units were used, which were designed for a maximum capacity of 500 l / h filtrate.
- a strong acid cation resin Resinex® KW-8, Jacobi Carbons
- the low molecular weight constituents of the cooling lubricant were able to pass through the membrane and remained in the filtrate of the cation exchanger. They were returned to the central plant and thus were not lost to the process.
- Two cation exchange units were combined to form a pendulum system. Each cation exchange unit was filled with 200 liters of resin.
- the Mg ion content in the emulsion could be maintained at a concentration of ⁇ 400 mg / l and the formation of Mg (OH) 2 precipitates and Mg soaps prevented.
- the volume to be disposed of was reduced to a minimum and the service life of the emulsion was significantly extended.
- the system has been in operation for over a year without having to change the coolant circuit.
- a KSS change is currently not foreseeable due to the good condition of the operating emulsion.
- the normal service life of a cooling lubricant in Mg processing is approx. 3-6 months without additional care measures.
- the saved amount of water amounts to approx. 200 cbm per year and it is possible to save about 18 t of KSS concentrate per year.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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DE112006001063T DE112006001063B4 (de) | 2005-05-06 | 2006-05-05 | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Aufarbeitung von Kühlschmierstoffen |
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DE102005021057.0 | 2005-05-06 | ||
DE102005021057A DE102005021057A1 (de) | 2005-05-06 | 2005-05-06 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufarbeitung von Kühlschmierstoffen |
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PCT/EP2006/062106 WO2006120172A1 (de) | 2005-05-06 | 2006-05-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur aufarbeitung von kühlschmierstoffen |
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WO (1) | WO2006120172A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3154655A4 (de) * | 2014-06-11 | 2018-02-21 | Fluitec International Llc | Systeme und verfahren zur lackablösung und -beseitigung aus serviceflüssigkeiten und komponenten |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102024200329A1 (de) | 2024-01-15 | 2024-05-08 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Filtration eines Kühlschmiermittels, Bearbeitungseinrichtung sowie Lithografiesystem |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD260007A1 (de) * | 1987-04-20 | 1988-09-14 | Werkzeugmasch Forschzent | Verfahren zum regenerieren einer im kreislauf gefuehrten verschmutzten oel-wasser-emulsion |
US5137654A (en) * | 1991-10-17 | 1992-08-11 | Eaton Corporation | Process for reclaiming oil/water emulsion |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4850498A (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-07-25 | Separation Dynamics, Inc. | Fluid decontamination system |
DE19645945B4 (de) * | 1996-11-07 | 2005-02-03 | Hubertus Dipl.-Ing. Meyer | Verfahren zum Aufbereiten von bei der Metallbearbeitung eingesetzten Bearbeitungsölen |
DE19949032A1 (de) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-19 | Cognis Deutschland Gmbh | Schmiermittel zur Metallbearbeitung mit ferromagnetischen oder ferrimagnetischen Nanopartikeln |
-
2005
- 2005-05-06 DE DE102005021057A patent/DE102005021057A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-05-05 DE DE112006001063T patent/DE112006001063B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-05 WO PCT/EP2006/062106 patent/WO2006120172A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD260007A1 (de) * | 1987-04-20 | 1988-09-14 | Werkzeugmasch Forschzent | Verfahren zum regenerieren einer im kreislauf gefuehrten verschmutzten oel-wasser-emulsion |
US5137654A (en) * | 1991-10-17 | 1992-08-11 | Eaton Corporation | Process for reclaiming oil/water emulsion |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
LIN S H ET AL: "Treatment of waste oil/water emulsion by ultrafiltration and ion exchange", WATER RESEARCH, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 32, no. 9, September 1998 (1998-09-01), pages 2680 - 2688, XP004133821, ISSN: 0043-1354 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3154655A4 (de) * | 2014-06-11 | 2018-02-21 | Fluitec International Llc | Systeme und verfahren zur lackablösung und -beseitigung aus serviceflüssigkeiten und komponenten |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112006001063B4 (de) | 2013-09-05 |
DE102005021057A1 (de) | 2006-11-16 |
DE112006001063A5 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
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