WO2006119966A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtungen zum massenselektiven ionentransport - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtungen zum massenselektiven ionentransport Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006119966A2 WO2006119966A2 PCT/EP2006/004332 EP2006004332W WO2006119966A2 WO 2006119966 A2 WO2006119966 A2 WO 2006119966A2 EP 2006004332 W EP2006004332 W EP 2006004332W WO 2006119966 A2 WO2006119966 A2 WO 2006119966A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ions
- electrodes
- electrode
- mass
- acceleration
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/34—Dynamic spectrometers
- H01J49/42—Stability-of-path spectrometers, e.g. monopole, quadrupole, multipole, farvitrons
- H01J49/4205—Device types
- H01J49/422—Two-dimensional RF ion traps
- H01J49/4235—Stacked rings or stacked plates
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for the mass-selective transport of ions through an ion conductor, to methods for the mass-selective detection of ions, in particular for mass spectroscopic examination of ions, ion conductors for the mass-selective transport of ions and mass spectrometers equipped with such ion conductors.
- Mass spectrometry is a widely used ion mass analysis method that is characterized by high sensitivity, specificity, speed and economy. Therefore, numerous applications of mass spectrometry in basic research and in the fields of analytical chemistry, medicine, pharmacy, semiconductor technology, environmental and hydrocarbon research and characterization of nanomaterials are known. Mass spectrometry is generally based on separation of ions as a function of their masses, the practice of which has heretofore been to disclose the following three methods of mass separation.
- an ion beam is passed through a magnetic field in which the ions are steered depending on the mass-charge ratio on trajectories with different radii.
- ions are vibrated during movement by a quadrupole ion conductor.
- the mass separation is based on the fact that certain ions, for the mass-charge ratio of which a resonance condition in the ion conductor is fulfilled, can pass the ion conductor and reach an ion detector.
- TOF mass spectrometry ions drift at a rate that depends on the mass-to-charge ratio.
- An ion detector captures light ions that are increasingly heavier over time.
- WH Bennett has described in the "Journal of Applied Physics" (Vol. 21, 1950, page 143 ff.) A mass spectrometer in which the mass separation takes place in an ion conductor with a plurality of grating electrodes arranged one after the other in the direction of movement of the ions
- Grid electrodes are arranged in groups of three electrodes, each of which has a high frequency voltage applied to the middle electrode, and this arrangement of grid electrodes is only permeable to ions of a certain mass, so that it can be used as a mass filter for mass spectrometry Technique consists in the fact that there is a fixed relation between the set high frequency and the vertical distance of the electrode grids, depending on the mass of the ions to be detected it may be necessary to change the distance between the electrode grids.
- Another disadvantage arises from the fact that the ion conductor described by WH Bennett has only a limited mass dependence of the permeability, so that the resolution of the mass separation is limited.
- the object of the invention is to specify improved methods for mass separation, in particular for mass spectrometry, with which the disadvantages of the conventional techniques are avoided.
- the mass separation should in particular be carried out with a reduced device complexity and have a high mass resolution.
- the object of the invention is also to provide improved ion conductors which can be used as mass filters.
- the ion conductors should have a simplified structure and be easy to control.
- the object of the invention according to another aspect is to provide improved methods and apparatus for mass spectrometry.
- the present invention is based on the general technical teaching of moving ions under the action of electric fields generated with electrodes along the trajectory of the ions.
- the electric fields are generated by the electrodes with pulsed, preferably rectangular acceleration voltages (voltage pulses) are applied.
- each ion passes each of the individual electrodes after a time which depends on the velocity and acceleration of the ion.
- the velocity of the ion is determined by the original kinetic energy in providing the ions, the mass-to-charge ratio of the ions, and the electric field effects at the individual electrodes. Accordingly, the acceleration voltages as voltage pulses to the
- Electrodes are arranged so that only ions that have a predetermined, sought target mass (so-called target ions) along the straight trajectory a net gain of kinetic energy and, accordingly, experience an acceleration. There is a mass-dependent change in the kinetic energy of the ions. Ions with the target mass are accelerated more than other ions. For this purpose, the amplitudes of the acceleration voltages and / or the duration of the pulse-shaped application of the electrodes along the trajectory are varied. The remaining ions, which have a different mass-to-charge ratio, experience a deceleration or a significantly lower energy gain.
- the electrodes on the motion path for linear mass separation are not subjected to a high-frequency voltage but to voltage pulses whose start time and duration can be set.
- the voltage pulses are provided at the individual electrodes with predeterminable cycle times. Due to the adjustability of the voltage pulses, a degree of freedom not given in conventional high-frequency technology is achieved, which opens up the possibility of effective and individual electrode control.
- pulsed acceleration voltages with adjustable phase parameters the Target ions are accelerated with unprecedented mass selectivity between the individual electrode pairs.
- this concept offers unprecedented flexibility of the circuit between multiple mass-to-charge ratios of the target ions.
- the pulsed acceleration voltages may be provided by voltage pulses selectively applied to the individual electrodes by a pulse generator. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the acceleration voltages are replaced by a pulse generator.
- Switching process provided by the individual electrodes are acted upon in accordance with a predetermined timing scheme with at least one acceleration voltage.
- At least a first acceleration voltage is used, which is attractive to and accelerates ions as they approach an electrode.
- the first acceleration voltage can be advantageously provided as a DC voltage. It has a sign opposite to the charge of the target ions and is continuously applied to one of the electrodes or to an electrode group to which the target ions are currently approaching as they move along the trajectory.
- at least a second accelerating voltage is used, which repels ions upon removal from an electrode and thus accelerates.
- the two ⁇ th acceleration voltage can advantageously also be provided as a DC voltage. It has a sign that is the same for charging the target ions and is continuously applied to one of the electrodes or to an electrode group from which the target ions are currently moving as they move along the path of movement.
- the first (attractive) and second (repelling) acceleration voltages are used in combination, so that the mass-selective acceleration is enhanced. If the current voltage pulse not only ends when a target electrode passes the target ion, but transitions into a voltage pulse of opposite sign, an additional energy gain at the electrode can advantageously be achieved by the target ions.
- the first and / or second acceleration voltages are preferably generated by a voltage supply device, wherein a continuous high-frequency switching for connection of the electrodes, to which the target ions approach and / or from which the target ions move away, is provided with the voltage supply device is.
- a high-precision switching is preferably implemented.
- Advantages with regard to a particularly effective acceleration of only the target ions can result if the first and / or second acceleration voltages are applied to the electrodes in accordance with a predetermined time pattern in such a way that a field effect of a currently considered electrode is determined.
- Rode is exerted on an ion when the ion is in the respective preceding and / or following electrode spacing.
- the current electrode is connected to the voltage supply device as soon as the target ions are at an electrode gap in front of the previous electrode and until the target ions pass the current electrode.
- the current electrode for application of the second, repulsive acceleration voltage is connected to the voltage supply device in the time interval when the target ions pass the observed electrode and until they are at an electrode gap after the observed electrode.
- the timing scheme may be extended such that a currently viewed electrode is already connected to the first acceleration voltage when the target ions are still at an electrode gap ahead of the previous electrode.
- a field effect of the observed electrode is not yet given at this time, since the field effect only covers the adjacent electrode spacings of one electrode.
- the field effect can begin immediately upon passage of the target ions through the preceding electrode. Accordingly, the second acceleration voltage can remain applied to the current electrode until the target ions are at an electrode distance to the subsequent electrode.
- the pulse-shaped acceleration voltages are applied to the electrodes in such a way that an electrical potential, which has an accelerating effect on the target ions, moves with increasing speed along the path of movement of the ions.
- the timing of the individual electrodes is tuned so that the target ions in comparison to all other ion experience a greater net energy gain from this dynamic potential.
- a particular advantage of the invention is that with a high number of at least 3 electrodes, more preferably at least 10, z. B. 20, 30, 40, 50 or more electrodes, a maximum transfer of kinetic energy can be achieved only on the target ions. For example, with 201 electrodes and an amplitude of the voltage pulses of +/- 5 V, singly charged ions can experience an energy gain of 1000 eV. The combination of the first and second acceleration voltages would even result in a total energy gain of 2000 eV.
- An important advantage of using low voltage is that no large voltage gradients occur, allowing for a gentle examination of organic compounds.
- no highly stable high voltage sources or electromagnets are needed, so that a mass separation can be implemented inexpensively with a simple construction.
- the electrodes are all connected to a common voltage supply device, wherein for the application of the acceleration voltages, a continuous switching is provided for connecting in each case one of the electrodes to the voltage supply device.
- the switching comprises the temporary connection of the individual electrodes to the voltage supply device in such a way that the above-described, accelerated moving potential is formed. Continuous switching with a single power supply (or two power supply directions), the device complexity of mass separation is greatly simplified.
- the invention is based on the general technical teaching to provide a method for the mass-selective detection of ions, in which first an ion source device is actuated in order to provide free ions from a sample. The ions are moved by the method according to the invention through an ion conductor which comprises said electrodes for the mass-selective transmission of kinetic energy to the target ions. Finally, with an ion detector device, the ions that have passed through the ion conductor are detected.
- the advantage of this method is that the mass filter characteristic of the ion conductor can be determined by the control of the ion conductor and in particular the temporal control of the voltage pulses of the individual electrodes.
- Movement is provided by an energy filter device (braking device), advantageously, the selectivity of the detection of ions will be significantly improved.
- the ions emerging from the ion conductor comprise the target ions and optionally remaining ions with other masses. Since the target ions differ from the other ions by a significantly increased energy, a reliable and complete separation can be achieved in the downstream energy filter.
- Such an energy filter may comprise a deceleration plate (so-called “retardation lens”) or a pair of electrostatic deflection plates with a subsequent mechanical window (so-called “electrostatic analyzer”).
- the operation of the energy filter is adjusted so that only those accelerated at the electrodes of the ion conductor
- the target ions with the increased energy can pass through the energy filter, while the remaining ions are retained.
- the ion source device can quasi-continuously provide ions which are transported through the ion conductor. In this general case, only the target ions will reach the end of the ion conductor with the increased energy reaching the first electrode of the ionic conductor at an appropriate time.
- the operation of the ion source device and the control of the ion conductor are timed. It is preferably provided a pulse-shaped operation of the ion source device. With the operation of the ion source device, a reference time is determined after which, with a predetermined delay, the accelerating potential corresponding to the desired timing scheme passes through the ion conductor.
- a particular advantage of the invention is the use of mass-selective ion transport in mass spectrometry.
- the timing of the ion conductor is varied so that it is accelerated successively for different masses. Accordingly, the mass distribution of ions obtained from a sample to be examined can be detected.
- the present invention is based on the provision of an ion conductor for the mass-selective transport of ions, which contains electrodes in connection with a voltage supply device, which is used to generate pulse-shaped acceleration voltages at the Electrodes is set up.
- the ion conductor according to the invention has a considerably greater variability in the adaptation to different ion masses, without having to change the distances of the electrodes along the path of movement of the ions.
- the ion conductor according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to focus the energy distribution of the target ions.
- the voltage supply device is equipped with a switching device with which the acceleration voltage (s) from one or two common voltage sources can be continuously applied to the electrodes arranged successively along the path of movement.
- the switching device which is triggered by a control device, the beginning and the duration of the acceleration voltages applied to each of the electrodes can be determined.
- a low voltage source with low power is sufficient to operate the ion conductor. This enables, in particular, mobile operation of the ion conductor or of a mass spectrometer equipped with it.
- the voltage supply device is furthermore equipped with a synchronization device for controlling the switching device, there are advantages for the timing of the switching device with the operation of an ion source device with which the ions are provided.
- the electrodes of the ion conductor are essentially formed in planar fashion from a conductive material, advantages can result for a compact construction of the ion conductor.
- the electrodes are oriented parallel relative to each other and perpendicular to the path of movement of the ions. They each have a preferably central passage opening, through which the trajectory of the ions passes. Particularly preferred metallic plates are provided. Alternatively, electrodes may be provided in the form of wire mesh.
- a mass spectrometer equipped with the ion conductor according to the invention constitutes an independent subject matter of the invention.
- the mass spectrometer is preferably provided with a detector device, such as e.g. B. a secondary electron multiplier equipped.
- the detector device is provided in the direction of movement of the ions through the ion conductor after the energy filter device.
- an acceleration device is provided between the energy filter device and the detector device, with which ions can be accelerated to the detector device.
- the present invention is characterized by the following further advantages and features.
- the mass-selective transport of ions enables mass separation by different kinetic energies of the ions.
- the variation of the amplitudes of the acceleration voltages and / or the duration of the pulse-like loading of the electrodes along the path of motion means a constant acceleration of the "wave" of the pulsed acceleration voltages along the path of motion due to the predetermined energy gain of the target ions - Constant and / or constantly changing field gradients, while all other ions undergo a deviating, time-variable gradient
- the target ions are accelerated in one direction only (along the trajectory) Acceleration voltages (DC low voltages) for each electrode are given the given knowledge of the geometry of the system and the mass-to-charge ratio of the target ions.
- the electrodes are preferably controlled such that in each case two target ion groups do not approach within less than two plate spacings within the ion conductor.
- Another aspect of this device is the possibility of simultaneously guiding ions from a plurality of start pulses in the ion conductor, which enables a significantly increased clock frequency.
- the detection system according to the invention can be operated at high speed in the high frequency range (MHz).
- the mass separation can be carried out with an extremely high mass resolution (M / ⁇ M ⁇ 200).
- Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a mass spectrometer according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the mass-selective acceleration of ions on plate electrodes.
- FIG. 1 illustrates, in a schematic sectional view, a mass spectrometer 100 which is equipped with an ion conductor 30 according to the invention.
- the mass spectrometer 100 comprises an ion source device 10, the ion conductor 30, an energy filter device 40 and an ion detector device 50, which are arranged in an evacuable chamber 60 and connected to a control device 70.
- the ion source device 10 comprises a particle source 11 and an extraction electrode 12.
- the particle source 11 is an ion source, e.g. If, for example, an electrospray device or a MALDI source is used, the extraction electrode 12 serves for the pulse-shaped release of ions.
- the particle source 11 a neutral particle source, as z.
- the extraction electrode additionally serves as an ionization electrode
- another ionizer may be provided which is based, for example, on pulsed irradiation of neutral particles from the particle source 11 Particle source 11 and the extraction electrode 12 may comprise an ion storage device, as known from conventional mass spectrometry.
- the ion source device comprises the following three electrodes.
- a repeller electrode is provided to accelerate charged particles from a sample to the desired trajectory.
- an extraction electrode is provided, from which charged particles are allowed to pass on the trajectory towards the ion conductor.
- a drift zone Electrode is provided, which limits the drift zone on the side of the ion source device.
- a voltage of a few volts above or below the voltage of the extraction electrode is applied in a pulse shape.
- the drift zone electrode like the first electrode 31 of the ion conductor 30, is at ground potential.
- the drift zone electrode is omitted.
- the function of the drift zone electrode is taken over by the first electrode 31 of the ion conductor 30.
- no drift zone, but an acceleration stage with a constant electrostatic gradient is provided.
- an ion beam is extracted, which moves along a movement path 1 with a course corresponding to the reference line shown in dashed lines.
- the ion beam is extracted in a pulsed manner according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- a reference time is determined with which the application of voltage to the electrodes of the ion conductor 30 is timed.
- the ions After extraction from the ion source device 10, the ions initially move through a drift zone 2.
- the optionally provided drift zone 2 may be free of electrical gradients or may have a static gradient.
- In the drift zone 2 with a length of z. B. 20 cm is z. B. a potential of 50V provided.
- the ion conductor 30 comprises a plurality of plate-shaped electrodes 31, 32, 33... (Schematically illustrated). Each plate-shaped electrode has a thickness of z. B. 500 .mu.m, wherein the vertical electrode spacing between the electrodes e. B. 5 mm.
- the electrodes are insulated relative to one another by, for example, an evacuated free space being present in the electrode spacings between the electrodes.
- the electrodes have, for example, a rectangular or circular shape with an extension of z. B. a few cm.
- Each electrode has an opening 36 in the middle with one
- each electrode has a separate connecting line for connection to the control device 70, via which the electrode can be subjected to voltage pulses in accordance with the method explained below.
- the first electrode 31 is at a constant potential, for. B. to ground.
- the energy filter device 40 After the last electrode of the ion conductor 30, the energy filter device 40 is provided.
- the distance of the energy filter device 40 (area 3) from the ion conductor 30 along the movement path 1 is z. B. 1 cm.
- the energy filter device 40 includes, for example, a per se known retardation lens or baffles that form an energy filter. High enough energy ions can pass through this energy filter and be detected with the ion detector 50 mounted immediately after the energy filter 40.
- a shielding of the retardation lens or of the deflection plate pair or a sufficiently high distance of the energy filter device 40 from the ion conductor 30 is provided.
- the ion detector device 50 comprises a known detector, such. B. a secondary electron multiplier.
- the parts 40, 50 are connected to corresponding power supplies 75 in the controller 70.
- the control device 70 contains a voltage supply device with two low-voltage sources 71, 72, a switching device 73, with which one or more electrodes can be connected to one of the low-voltage sources 71, 72 simultaneously, and a synchronization device 74 for the time control of the switching device as a function of Actuation of the ion source device 10.
- an acceleration device for. B.
- an acceleration electrode 51 may be provided for Nachbeatung the ions that have passed the energy filter device 40.
- these ions can be accelerated to an energy above the sensitivity threshold of the photomultiplier 50 (eg, a few keV).
- the provision of the accelerator is required in particular if the ion conductor only supplies an energy below the sensitivity threshold (eg a few hundred eV).
- ion guide 30 for mass-selective transport of ions includes the procedure illustrated below.
- neutral particles ionization eg with electrons or photons
- a voltage of -50 V is applied to the first electrode of the ion conductor 30 relative to Extraction electrode 12 at.
- the entire ion source device 10 with the extraction electrode 12 is at a positive voltage and the first electrode of the ion conductor is grounded.
- a reference signal is applied to the synchronization device 74, with which the switching device 73 is controlled to apply voltage pulses to the electrodes 31, 32, 33.
- An accelerating voltage pulse must be applied to each electrode at the time when the ions with the desired mass-to-charge ratio (target ions) are in front of the corresponding electrode.
- FIG. 2 shows a part of the ion conductor with the electrodes 32, 33, 34 and 35, in each case with electrode spacings 32.1, 33.1 and 34.1.
- positively charged target ions move from left to right.
- the repulsive acceleration voltage (for example + 5 V) at the electrode 32 and the attractive acceleration voltage (eg -5 V) at the electrode 33 are present. While the target ions are still at the electrode spacing 32 Electrode 33 are already applied to the electrode 34 with the attractive acceleration voltage (- 5 V).
- FIG. 2B corresponds to the situation in FIG. 2A, wherein the target ions have now been transported further by one electrode gap and are thereby additional kinetic energy from the potential between the electrodes 33 and 34 have won.
- the timing of the individual electrodes is tuned so that only the target ions with the desired target mass from the dynamically moving voltage field receive the maximum net energy gain.
- Other ions with, for example, higher masses arrive later at the respectively driven electrode and thus do not experience the full gain of the kinetic energy as the target ions.
- the desired time scheme is determined by a control computer contained in the control device 70 in dependence on the operating parameters of the mass spectrometer 100 and the masses and charges of the target ions sought.
- the calculation of the timing for actuating the switching device 73 is based on the known equations of motion of charged particles in electric fields.
- the target ions will clearly differ from the remaining ions by an increased energy, unless they have already been deposited or evacuated on parts of the chamber 60. This allows the final energy separation with the energy filter device 40.
- a retardation lens for example, a plate with an opening 41 in the middle is used, to which a high static voltage is applied. For example, if a deceleration voltage of
- the deceleration voltage of the retarda- is generally chosen to be higher than the maximum energy of non-interest ions.
- two baffles may be used to deflect ions of higher energy (target ions) less than the remaining non-interest ions. Immediately after the two baffles, a mechanical window is provided which allows only the ions of interest to pass.
- a fast switching device is used for the electrodes.
- the switching time is preferably chosen so that it is at most about 10% of the time of flight of the ions in the electrode spacings between the electrodes.
- the mass resolution can be described by the ratio M / ⁇ M, which is characteristic of the separability of ions with similar but not identical mass-to-charge ratios.
- the voltage control is set so that the lighter mass has already passed through several electrodes before the heavier mass enters the ion conductor 30.
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- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/913,202 US7858931B2 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2006-05-09 | Methods and devices for the mass-selective transport of ions |
GB0721397A GB2439896A (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2006-05-09 | Method and devices for the mass-selective transport of ions |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005021836.9 | 2005-05-11 | ||
DE102005021836A DE102005021836A1 (de) | 2005-05-11 | 2005-05-11 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum massenselektiven Ionentransport |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006119966A2 true WO2006119966A2 (de) | 2006-11-16 |
WO2006119966A3 WO2006119966A3 (de) | 2007-05-10 |
Family
ID=37075261
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2006/004332 WO2006119966A2 (de) | 2005-05-11 | 2006-05-09 | Verfahren und vorrichtungen zum massenselektiven ionentransport |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7858931B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102005021836A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2439896A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006119966A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102007043799B4 (de) * | 2007-09-13 | 2016-01-07 | Roentdek-Handels Gmbh | Verfahren zum koinzidenten Nachweisen geladener Teilchen entgegengesetzen Vorzeichens aus Oberflächen |
US20120095575A1 (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-04-19 | Cedes Safety & Automation Ag | Time of flight (tof) human machine interface (hmi) |
US8735810B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-05-27 | Virgin Instruments Corporation | Time-of-flight mass spectrometer with ion source and ion detector electrically connected |
WO2015026727A1 (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-26 | Virgin Instruments Corporation | Ion optical system for maldi-tof mass spectrometer |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5140158A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1992-08-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for discriminative particle selection |
DE20316719U1 (de) * | 2003-10-30 | 2004-04-22 | Micromass Uk Ltd. | Massenspektrometer |
GB2396958A (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-07-07 | Micromass Ltd | Mass-to-charge ratio separation of ions using transient DC voltage waveforms |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0115409D0 (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2001-08-15 | Micromass Ltd | Mass spectrometers and methods of mass spectrometry |
EP1367633B1 (de) * | 2002-05-30 | 2006-09-06 | Micromass UK Limited | Massenspektrometer |
US6791078B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2004-09-14 | Micromass Uk Limited | Mass spectrometer |
GB2403591B (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2005-09-14 | Micromass Ltd | Mass spectrometer |
-
2005
- 2005-05-11 DE DE102005021836A patent/DE102005021836A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-05-09 GB GB0721397A patent/GB2439896A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-05-09 WO PCT/EP2006/004332 patent/WO2006119966A2/de active Application Filing
- 2006-05-09 US US11/913,202 patent/US7858931B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5140158A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1992-08-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for discriminative particle selection |
GB2396958A (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-07-07 | Micromass Ltd | Mass-to-charge ratio separation of ions using transient DC voltage waveforms |
DE20316719U1 (de) * | 2003-10-30 | 2004-04-22 | Micromass Uk Ltd. | Massenspektrometer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7858931B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
DE102005021836A1 (de) | 2006-11-16 |
US20090194678A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
WO2006119966A3 (de) | 2007-05-10 |
GB2439896A (en) | 2008-01-09 |
GB0721397D0 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
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