WO2006105410A2 - Compositions generatrices de gaz - Google Patents

Compositions generatrices de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006105410A2
WO2006105410A2 PCT/US2006/011949 US2006011949W WO2006105410A2 WO 2006105410 A2 WO2006105410 A2 WO 2006105410A2 US 2006011949 W US2006011949 W US 2006011949W WO 2006105410 A2 WO2006105410 A2 WO 2006105410A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
salts
gas generating
nitrate
generating system
oxidizer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/011949
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006105410A3 (fr
Inventor
Steven M. G. Dunham
Bruce A. Stevens
Original Assignee
Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. filed Critical Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc.
Priority to JP2008504424A priority Critical patent/JP2008538348A/ja
Priority to DE112006000826T priority patent/DE112006000826T5/de
Publication of WO2006105410A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006105410A2/fr
Publication of WO2006105410A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006105410A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to gas generating systems, and to gas generant compositions employed in gas generator devices for automotive restraint systems, for example.
  • the present invention relates to nontoxic gas generating compositions that upon combustion rapidly generate gases that are useful for inflating occupant safety restraints in motor vehicles and specifically, the invention relates to thermally stable nonazide gas generants having not only acceptable burn rates, but that also, upon combustion, exhibit a relatively high gas volume to solid particulate ratio at acceptable flame temperatures.
  • pyrotechnic nonazide gas generants contain ingredients such as oxidizers to provide the required oxygen for rapid combustion and reduce the quantity of toxic gases generated, a catalyst to promote the conversion of toxic oxides of carbon and nitrogen to innocuous gases, and a slag forming constituent to cause the solid and liquid products formed during and immediately after combustion to agglomerate into filterable clinker-like particulates.
  • ingredients such as oxidizers to provide the required oxygen for rapid combustion and reduce the quantity of toxic gases generated, a catalyst to promote the conversion of toxic oxides of carbon and nitrogen to innocuous gases, and a slag forming constituent to cause the solid and liquid products formed during and immediately after combustion to agglomerate into filterable clinker-like particulates.
  • Other optional additives such as burning rate enhancers or ballistic modifiers and ignition aids, are used to control the ignitability and combustion properties of the gas generant.
  • nonazide gas generant compositions One of the disadvantages of known nonazide gas generant compositions is the amount and physical nature of the solid residues formed during combustion. When employed in a vehicle occupant protection system, the solids produced as a result of combustion must be filtered and otherwise kept away from contact with the occupants of the vehicle. It is therefore highly desirable to develop compositions that produce a minimum of solid particulates while still providing adequate quantities of a nontoxic gas to inflate the safety device at a high rate.
  • phase stabilized ammonium nitrate as an oxidizer, for example, is desirable because it generates abundant nontoxic gases and minimal solids upon combustion.
  • gas generants for automotive applications must be thermally stable when aged for 400 hours or more at 107. degree. C.
  • the compositions must also retain structural integrity when cycled between -40. degree. C. and 107. degree. C.
  • gas generant compositions incorporating phase stabilized or pure ammonium nitrate sometimes exhibit poor thermal stability, and produce unacceptably high levels of toxic gases, CO and NO x for example, depending on the composition of the associated additives such as plasticizers and binders.
  • binders are often necessary to retain the shape of the propellant or gas generant tablets, and inhibit fragmentation of the same over time.
  • Certain water soluble binders such as carboxyl cellulosic binders, exhibit hygroscopic properties given their water solubility. Accordingly, these types of binders result in compositions that often have poor thermal stability, and in particular with compositions containing preferred oxidizers such as phase stabilized ammonium nitrate. Accordingly, ongoing efforts in the design of automotive gas generating systems, for example, include initiatives that desirably produce more gas and less solids without the drawbacks mentioned above.
  • compositions of the present invention contain a primary cellulosic binder containing alkyl substitutions, an oxidizer, and an ignition catalyst or burn inhibitor selected from the group including molybdenum trioxide and other molybdenum compounds, dibutylthalates, dicyclohexourea, triacetin, and mixtures thereof.
  • Known fuels, oxidizers, and other additives may be incorporated into these compositions as known in the art and as determined by design criteria.
  • gas generating systems such as airbag inflators and vehicle occupant protection systems incorporate these gas generating compositions.
  • Typical micro gas generators use nitrocellulose or smokeless powder compositions for gas generation in a device. These compositions often result in relatively higher amounts of carbon monoxide. Furthermore, ballistic tailoring is not readily accomplished with the use of nitrocellulose. These are non-nitrocellulose compositions containing an oxidizer, a fuel, and a binder. Performance characteristics (i.e. ballistic output) related to burning rate can be varied based on the particle size distribution of the oxidizer component. In general, as the particle size distribution of the oxidizer is reduced, the burning rate of the propellant composition increases thereby enhancing the ballistic properties. As the particle size increases, the burning rate decreases and thus the ballistic output is reduced. Accordingly, the ballistic properties may be tailored in this manner.
  • Average particle size ranges from 10 to 150 microns. Combinations of particle size distributions within said range can also be considered for the purpose of modifying performance. Ballistic tailoring can also be achieved by varying the shape, size and surface treatment, or any combination thereof of the propellant grains. Various propellant processes and techniques affecting propellant grain density, porosity, and surface finish (i.e. high or low exposed burning surface area) can also be employed to tailor ballistic output, for instance to achieve a regressive burn profile. A discreet propellant geometry such as a small cylinder, processed in a particular way such as extrusion, exhibits a porous center and also exhibits a regressive type burn profile. Limiting damage to equipment incorporating gas generants, seatbelt pretensioners for example, is thereby facilitated.
  • the present invention includes gas generant compositions that optimize the production of gas combustion products and minimize solid combustion products while retaining other design requirements such as reduced hygroscopicity and thermal stability.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary airbag inflator containing a gas generant composition formed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an exemplary vehicle occupant restraint system incorporating the inflator of FIG. 1 and a gas generant in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention generally includes gas generant compositions that contain a fuel, an oxidizer, molybdenum trioxide, and a primary binder.
  • the primary binder is selected from the group of cellulosic binders such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, and cellulose acetate butyrate.
  • compositions of the present invention preferably contain a primary cellulosic binder containing alkyl substitutions. Alkyl substitutions include acetyl, propionyl, butyryl groups with hydroxyl groups.
  • the primary binder is generally provided at about 5-30% by weight of the composition.
  • burn inhibitors and burn suppressants may also be included and are selected from the group containing dibutylthalates, dicyclohexourea, triacetin, and other known burn inhibitors, and mixtures thereof.
  • the burn inhibitor or ignition catalyst may be provided in a weight percent from about 0.1 -20% by weight.
  • a composition was homogeneously mixed in a known manner, the composition containing nitroguanidine, potassium perchlorate, and cellulose acetate butyrate. Upon applying heat from a hot plate, the composition did not autoignite at 320C, and a black char resulted.
  • carbon monoxide scavengers may also be provided thereby maintaining the required effluent rates notwithstanding the use of a cellulosic binder.
  • Metal oxides such as manganese oxide and cupric oxide, sulfates such as ammonium sulfate, and other scavengers are contemplated at about 0.1 -20% by weight of the composition when optionally employed.
  • CO scavengers the overall cost of the gas generant composition may be reduced by increasing the relative amount of binder/fuel and reducing the amount of other fuels typically employed in gas generant compositions.
  • Gas generant compositions of the present invention may also contain the following constituents in the weight percents indicated.
  • a secondary fuel is selected from the group containing azoles such as 5- aminotetrazole; nonmetal salts of azoles such as potassium 5- aminotetrazole; nonmetal salts of azoles such as mono- or diammonium salt of 5,5'-bis-1 H-tetrazole; nitrate salts of azoles such as 5- aminotetrazole nitrate; nitramine derivatives of azoles such as 5- nitraminotetrazole; metal salts of nitramine derivatives of azoles such as dipotassium 5-nitraminotetrazole; metal salts of nitramine derivatives of azoles such as dipotassium 5-nitraminotetrazole; nonmetal salts of nitramine derivatives such as mono- or diammonium 5-nitraminotetrazole and; guanidines such as dic
  • the secondary fuel is typically employed at 0.1 -50%, and more preferably at about 5-40% by weight of the total gas generant composition. It will be appreciated that in certain compositions, the amount of binder employed will also provide fuel effective amounts of the binder whereby the binder functions as a binder/fuel. Accordingly, in that instance, the secondary fuel may not be included in the composition.
  • An optional third fuel selected from the same group of fuels is typically provided at about 0-50%, and more preferably at about 0-30% by weight.
  • a nonmetal or metal primary oxidizer may be selected from nitrate salts such as ammonium nitrate, phase stabilized ammonium nitrate stabilized in a known manner and more preferably with about 10% by weight of potassium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and strontium nitrate; nitrite salts such as potassium nitrite; chlorate salts such as potassium chlorate; perchlorate salts such as ammonium perchlorate and potassium perchlorate; oxides such as iron oxide and copper oxide; basic nitrate salts such as basic copper nitrate and basic iron nitrate; and mixtures thereof.
  • the primary oxidizer may be provided at about 0.1-70% by weight, and more preferably at about 30-70% by weight.
  • Secondary oxidizers may also be employed and are selected from the oxidizers described above. The secondary oxidizers are typically provided at about 0-50%, and more preferably 0-30%, by weight of the gas generant composition.
  • An optional secondary binder may be selected from cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, carboxymethylcellulose, salts of carboxymethylcellulose; silicone; polyalkene carbonates such as polypropylene carbonate and polyethylene carbonate; and mixtures thereof.
  • secondary binders may be provided at about 0-10%, and more preferably, 0-5% by weight.
  • An optional slag former may be selected from silicon compounds such as elemental silicon and silicon dioxide; silicones such as polydimethylsiloxane; silicates such as potassium silicates; natural minerals such as clays, talcs, and micas; fumed metal oxides such as fumed silica and fumed alumina.
  • slag formers may be provided at about 0-10%, and more preferably, 0-5% by weight.
  • gas generant constituents are described in U.S Patent Nos. 5,035,757, 5,756,929, 5,872,329, 6,074,502, 6,287,400, 6,210,505, and 6,306,232, each herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the gas generant constituents of the present invention may be provided by known suppliers such as Aldrich Chemical Company, Fisher Chemical, and Eastman Chemical Company.
  • Gas generant compositions of the present invention may be formed as known in the art. Examples of typical manufacturing processes include: (1 ) blending and/or grinding oxidizer, fuel, binders, and other components without solvent and compacting the powdered material on a press; (2) solvating the cellulosic binder in an organic, aqueous, or aqueous/organic solution depending on the binder chemistry and functionality, adding the desired constituents such as fuel, oxidizer, and other additives, and molding into a propellant grain. The solvent is then dried off; (3) Solvating the cellulosic binder, adding oxidizers, fuels, and other components and extruding the propellant under pressure through a die to form various shapes. The shapes may then be cut to length and the solvent evaporated or heated off. It will be appreciated that the oxidizer is chosen to tailor the overall oxygen balance in a known manner to reduce CO and other undesirable effluents.
  • An exemplary gas generating system includes an airbag device or vehicle occupant protection system shown in FIG. 2 to include airbag modules, airbag inflators or gas generators, and more generally, vehicle occupant restraint systems, all built or designed as well known in the art.
  • an exemplary inflator incorporates a dual chamber design to tailor the force of deployment an associated airbag.
  • an inflator containing a gas generant 12 formed as described herein may be manufactured as known in the art.
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 6,422,601 , 6,805,377, 6,659,500, 6,749,219, and 6,752,421 exemplify typical airbag inflator designs and are each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • Airbag system 200 includes at least one airbag 202 and an inflator 10 containing a gas generant composition 12 in accordance with the present invention, coupled to airbag 202 so as to enable fluid communication with an interior of the airbag.
  • Airbag system 200 may also include (or be in communication with) a crash event sensor 210.
  • Crash event sensor 210 includes a known crash sensor algorithm that signals actuation of airbag system 200 via, for example, activation of airbag inflator 10 in the event of a collision.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of one exemplary embodiment of such a restraint system.
  • Safety belt assembly 150 includes a safety belt housing 1 52 and a safety belt 100 extending from housing 152.
  • a safety belt retractor mechanism 154 (for example, a spring-loaded mechanism) may be coupled to an end portion of the belt.
  • a safety belt pretensioner 156 containing propellant 12 may be coupled to belt retractor mechanism 154 to actuate the retractor mechanism in the event of a collision.
  • Typical seat belt retractor mechanisms which may be used in conjunction with the safety belt embodiments of the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,743,480, 5,553,803, 5,667,161 , 5,451 ,008, 4,558,832 and 4,597,546, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Illustrative examples of typical pretensioners with which the safety belt embodiments of the present invention may be combined are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,505,790 and 6,419,177, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Safety belt assembly 150 may also include (or be in communication with) a crash event sensor 158 (for example, an inertia sensor or an accelerometer) including a known crash sensor algorithm that signals actuation of belt pretensioner 156 via, for example, activation of a pyrotechnic igniter (not shown) incorporated into the pretensioner.
  • a crash event sensor 158 for example, an inertia sensor or an accelerometer
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,505,790 and 6,419,177 previously incorporated herein by reference, provide illustrative examples of pretensioners actuated in such a manner.
  • safety belt assembly 1 50 airbag system 200, and more broadly, vehicle occupant protection system 180 exemplify but do not limit gas generating systems contemplated in accordance with the present invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions génératrices de gaz destinées à des dispositifs de gonflage prévus pour des systèmes de retenue des occupants, par exemple. Une composition génératrice de gaz (12) formée selon la présente invention comprend un liant/combustible cellulosique alkyle, un oxydant et un inhibiteur d'inflammation ou un catalyseur d'allumage. Un système (180) de protection des occupants d'un véhicule et d'autres systèmes générateurs de gaz incluent les compositions selon la présente invention.
PCT/US2006/011949 2005-03-31 2006-03-31 Compositions generatrices de gaz WO2006105410A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008504424A JP2008538348A (ja) 2005-03-31 2006-03-31 ガス生成組成物
DE112006000826T DE112006000826T5 (de) 2005-03-31 2006-03-31 Gaserzeugungszusammensetzungen

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66696405P 2005-03-31 2005-03-31
US60/666,964 2005-03-31
US11/394,985 2006-03-30
US11/394,985 US20060219340A1 (en) 2005-03-31 2006-03-30 Gas generating system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006105410A2 true WO2006105410A2 (fr) 2006-10-05
WO2006105410A3 WO2006105410A3 (fr) 2007-10-25

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PCT/US2006/011949 WO2006105410A2 (fr) 2005-03-31 2006-03-31 Compositions generatrices de gaz

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US (1) US20060219340A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2008538348A (fr)
DE (1) DE112006000826T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006105410A2 (fr)

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US20110057429A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2011-03-10 Hordos Deborah L Gas generating system and composition
US7726241B2 (en) * 2005-11-03 2010-06-01 Tk Holdings, Inc. Micro gas generator
US7752969B2 (en) * 2005-12-28 2010-07-13 Tk Holdings, Inc. Micro gas generator
US7959749B2 (en) 2006-01-31 2011-06-14 Tk Holdings, Inc. Gas generating composition
US7726242B2 (en) * 2006-02-17 2010-06-01 Tk Holdings, Inc. Initiator assembly
FR2899227B1 (fr) * 2006-04-04 2008-10-24 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa Objets pyrotechniques monolithes de grandes dimensions, obtention et utilisation
US20090056842A1 (en) * 2007-09-05 2009-03-05 Kong Huang Compositions of gas generates with polymer adhesive
US9556078B1 (en) 2008-04-07 2017-01-31 Tk Holdings Inc. Gas generator
US20100011742A1 (en) * 2008-07-17 2010-01-21 Cavalleri Robert J Rocket Motor Containing Multiple Pellet Cells
US8728259B1 (en) * 2008-09-03 2014-05-20 Tk Holdings Inc. Gas generator
CN102010277B (zh) * 2010-09-15 2012-07-11 中北大学 一种基于anpzo的安全气囊气体发生剂
KR101518316B1 (ko) 2013-05-21 2015-05-11 주식회사 한화 인플레이터 고체 배출량이 감소된 가스발생제 조성물
US20210032180A1 (en) * 2019-08-02 2021-02-04 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Ignition booster compositions and methods of making the same

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US20030097953A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-29 Kazuya Serizawa Gas generating composition and gas generator

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US20030097953A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-29 Kazuya Serizawa Gas generating composition and gas generator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2008538348A (ja) 2008-10-23
US20060219340A1 (en) 2006-10-05
WO2006105410A3 (fr) 2007-10-25
DE112006000826T5 (de) 2008-02-07

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