WO2006101290A1 - Capteur pour mesurer la teneur en chlorure, capteur pour detecter des micro-organismes, et appareil de purification de l'eau dote de ces capteurs - Google Patents

Capteur pour mesurer la teneur en chlorure, capteur pour detecter des micro-organismes, et appareil de purification de l'eau dote de ces capteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006101290A1
WO2006101290A1 PCT/KR2005/001776 KR2005001776W WO2006101290A1 WO 2006101290 A1 WO2006101290 A1 WO 2006101290A1 KR 2005001776 W KR2005001776 W KR 2005001776W WO 2006101290 A1 WO2006101290 A1 WO 2006101290A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switches
sensor
parallel
electrode
measuring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2005/001776
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jong-Kwang Lee
Seok-Jae Lee
Moo-Hoon Kim
Yongho Yu
Doo-Hyun Park
Tae-Sik Hwang
Original Assignee
Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd. filed Critical Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2006101290A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006101290A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/18—Water
    • G01N33/182—Specific anions in water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/4035—Combination of a single ion-sensing electrode and a single reference electrode
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/4161—Systems measuring the voltage and using a constant current supply, e.g. chronopotentiometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
    • G01N2021/3181—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths using LEDs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor for measuring chloride concentration, a sensor for detecting microorganisms, and a water purifying apparatus having the same.
  • electrochemistry The study of the relationship between a material and electrical properties such as potential difference, charge capacities, and conductivity is called electrochemistry.
  • a method for chemically analyzing a material using the study is an electrochemical analyzing method.
  • potentiometry a material is analyzed by measuring an electrode potential when no current flows. This can be done after an electrochemical cell is made by dipping a proper electrode into a liquid sample containing electrolyte.
  • Con- ductometry is the measuring of conductivity between electrodes.
  • Coulometry is the measuring of current flowing along an electrode.
  • Amperometry is the analysis of a material by measuring the current flowing therethrough.
  • a voltammetering is a technique of measuring the relationship between current and voltage.
  • An example of a voltammetering is polarography.
  • a voltammetry is an electrochemical analyzing methods in which information on a sample is obtained by measuring current variation according to the voltage applied between an operation electrode and a sub-electrode. The voltammetry was invented in the name of the polarography by a Czech chemist, Heyrovsky, in 1920s. As technology and apparatuses have been advanced, metal and organism concentrations of less than 0.5 mg/L can be measured through polarography.
  • tap water is passed through the water purifying appliances. Before being supplied to the home, the tap water goes through a series of purifying processes such as a disinfectant adding process, a filtering process and the like in a water cleaning center. Diseases spread by water containing a large amount of microorganisms may be serious health threats, and thus, the concentration of the microorganisms in the water must be less than a predetermined level.
  • chloride has been added as the disinfectant to eliminate the microorganisms in the water-cleaning center.
  • the added chloride is generally removed by evaporation into the air during the purifying process or the supplying process to the home. However, some of the added chloride remains in the water. When the concentration of the remaining chloride is higher than a predetermined level, it may be a serious health threat.
  • the water purifying appliances such as water purifiers, water softeners, humidifiers, and bidets function to reduce the concentrations of the microorganisms and the chloride to allowable levels.
  • extended use of a filter deteriorates the performance of the filter, thereby making it impossible to effectively filter the microorganisms and the chloride. Therefore, there is a need for a sensor or another apparatus that can measure the microorganism concentration and the chloride concentration in the purified water.
  • N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine.
  • the SNORT method has a problem in that it is difficult to monitor in real time.
  • the use of the reagent makes it difficult to use the SNORT method at home due to the problem of the leftover reagent.
  • a measuring apparatus using an electric measuring method is expensive.
  • an electrode must be changed after a predetermined time has lapsed.
  • the present invention provides a ch loride concentration-measuring sensor comprising: a voltage-measuring unit; a reference electrode connected to a first end of the voltage-measuring unit; first and second switches connected to a second end of the voltage-measuring unit in parallel; first and second operational electrodes connected to the first and second switches, respectively; third and fourth switches connected to the first operational electrode in parallel; fifth and sixth switches connected to the second operational electrode in parallel; and a power supply unit having a first end to which the third and fifth switches are connected in parallel and a second end to which the fourth and sixth switches are connected in parallel, wherein a group of second, third and sixth switches and a group of first, fourth and fifth switches are alternately opened and closed.
  • the reference electrode may be formed of Ag/ AgCl.
  • the operational electrode may be formed of Ag.
  • the present invention further provides a microorganism-detecting sensor comprising: a power supply unit; a first electrode formed of a material impairing microorganism attachment and connected to a first end of the power supply unit; a resistor and a voltage-measuring unit that are connected to a second end of the power supply in parallel; and a second electrode formed of a material facilitating the microorganism attachment and to which the resistor and the voltage-measuring unit are connected in parallel.
  • the material impairing the microorganism attachment may be selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, iridium, zirconium, and titanium.
  • the material facilitating microorganism attachment may be selected from the group consisting of carbon, a mixture containing 60wt% of graphite powder and 40wt% of silicon, and a glass substrate plated with gold wires each having a diameter of 0.01mm and disposed at 0.01 mm interval.
  • the present invention further provides the chloride concentration-measuring sensor or the microorganism-detecting sensor.
  • the water purifying apparatus may be applied to one selected from the group consisting of a water purifier, a water softener, a humidifier, and a bidet.
  • the water purifying apparatus may further comprise a control unit and a display unit controlled by the control unit.
  • the display unit may be a sound or visual alarming device or an LED that can indicate when a filter should be changing and when a water tank should be sterilized.
  • the corrosion of the electrodes can be prevented, the reliability of the sensor is improved and it becomes possible to semipermanently use the sensor.
  • the microorganism-detecting sensor can accurately detect microorganisms contained in a liquid sample. Description of Drawings
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sensor for measuring a chloride concentration according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a microorganism detecting sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water purifier according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a chloride concentration-measuring sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the inventive chloride concentration-measuring sensor includes a voltage-measuring unit 107, a reference electrode 109 connected to a first end of the voltage-measuring unit 107 and two operational electrodes 108 and 110 connected to a second end of the voltage-measuring unit 107 in parallel.
  • Switches 105 and 106 are respectively connected between the operational electrode 108 and the voltage-measuring unit 107 and between the operational electrode 110 and the voltage-measuring unit 107.
  • a power supply unit 111 is connected between the operational electrodes 108 and 110.
  • switcheslOl, 102, 103, and 104 are disposed between the power supply unit 111 and the operational electrodes 108 and 110.
  • the switches 101 and 103 are connected to the operational electrode 108 in parallel, and the switches 102 and 104 are connected to the operational electrode 110 in parallel.
  • the switches 101 and 102 are connected to a first end of the power supply unit 111 in parallel while the switches 103 and 104 are connected to a second end of the power supply unit 111 in parallel.
  • the voltage-measuring unit may be a potentiometer.
  • the reference electrode 109 and the operational electrodes 108 and 110 are to be dipped in a liquid sample.
  • the reference electrode 109 maintains a constant electric potential regardless of the liquid sample condition.
  • the electric potentials of the operational electrodes 108 and 110 vary according to the chloride concentration in the liquid sample. Therefore, by measuring the voltage variation of the operational electrodes 108 and 110 according to the chloride concentration in the liquid sample, the chloride concentration can be measured.
  • the reference electrode 109 may be formed of Ag/ AgCl while the operational electrodes 108 and 110 may be formed of Ag.
  • the operational electrodes 108 and 110 are formed of Ag, there is no health threat.
  • 102, 103 and 105 are alternately opened and closed.
  • the opening/closing operation of the switches may be controlled by a control unit (not shown).
  • the HOCl is ionised according to the hydrogen ion concentration of the water as follows:
  • the reference electrode 109 is connected to one end of the voltage-measuring unit 107
  • the operational electrode 110 is connected to the other end of the voltage-measuring unit 107
  • the power supply unit 111 is connected to the operational electrode 108
  • the operational electrode 110 is connected to the power supply unit 111.
  • the predetermined voltage variation range can be easily set by those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the predetermined voltage variation range may be 50-300 mV.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microorganism-detecting sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the inventive microorganism-detecting sensor includes a first electrode 202 formed of a material impairing the microorganism attachment and a second electrode 205 formed of a material facilitating the microorganism attachment.
  • the material impairing the microorganism attachment may be selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, platinum, iridium, zirconium, and titanium.
  • the material facilitating the microorganism attachment may be selected from the group consisting of carbon, a mixture of 60wt% of graphite powder and 40wt% of silicon, and a glass substrate plated with gold wires each having a diameter of 0.01mm and spaced at intervals of a 0.01 mm.
  • the microorganism-detecting sensor further includes a power supply unit 200 connected to the first electrode 202 and a resistor 203 and a voltage- measuring unit 204 that are connected in parallel between the second electrode 205 and the power supply unit 201.
  • the microorganisms grown in a water tank utilize organic materials in a bad- nutrition state.
  • microorganisms attach and grow on a wall of the water tank, thereby increasing the microorganism concentration. Therefore, by using the first electrode 202 formed of the material impairing the microorganism attachment and the second electrode 205 formed of the material facilitating the microorganism attachment and measuring the voltage between the first and second electrodes 202 and 205, the microorganisms grown in the water tank can be detected. Since the microorganisms attached to the electrode generate the metabolic waste in an anaerobic state, the electric potential between the first and second electrodes 202 and 205 are directly affected.
  • test parameter of an electric potential difference that can control the number of microorganisms within a limited reference range not undesirably affecting the human body after the potential difference between the first and second electrodes is compared with the colony of the microorganisms, the timing for sterilizing the water tank and exchanging the water in the water tank can be effectively noticed to the user.
  • the test parameter of the electric potential difference may be easily set by those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the above-described sensors may be included in a water purifying apparatus.
  • the water purifying apparatus may be selected from the group consisting of a water purifier, a water softener, a humidifier, and a bidet.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a water purifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • water (tap water) 301 is supplied to the apparatus and passes through a series of filters 302.
  • the filtered water 304 is stored in a storage tank 303 to be released by the user.
  • the chloride concentration-measuring sensor and/or the microorganism-detecting sensor may be provided at a variety of locations in the water purifying apparatus.
  • the sensors may be installed near an upstream portion A of the filters 302, a portion B between the filters 302 and the storage tank 303 or a portion C in the storage tank.
  • the sensors When the sensors are installed at the upstream portion A, it is possible to measure the chloride concentration and the presence of the microorganisms in the tap water 301.
  • the sensors When the sensors are installed at the portion B, it is possible to measure the chloride concentration and the presence of the microorganisms in the water that have passed through the filters 302. In this case, it can be possible to determine when to change the filters 302.
  • the sensors when the sensors are installed on the portion C, it is possible to measure the chloride concentration and the presence of the microorganisms in the water stored in the storage tank 303, and thus, it can be possible to determine when the storage tank should be cleaned and when the water in the storage tank 303 should be changed.
  • the sensors are installed at a single location, the sensors can be installed at at least two locations.
  • the sensors When the sensors are installed at the portions A and B, it is possible to compare the chloride and microorganism concentrations of the tap water 301 flowing to the filters with the water that has passed through the filters 302, and thus, it is possible to estimate when the filters 302 should be changed.
  • the sensors installed at the portions A and B may be connected to a microprocessor 305. According to the potential difference between the sensors connected to the microprocessor, a sound or visual alarm may be used to alert a user.
  • the sensors When the sensors are installed at the portions A and C, it is possible to compare the chloride and microorganism concentrations of the tap water 301 flowing to the filters 302 with the water stored in the storage tank 303, and thus, it is possible to estimate when the storage tank 303 should be cleaned and when the water in the storage tank 303 should be changed .
  • the sensors installed at the portions A and C may be connected to the microprocessor 305. According to the potential difference between the sensors connected to the microprocessor 305, a sound or visual alarm may be used to alert a user.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur de mesure de la teneur en chlorure qui comporte une unité de mesure de tension, une électrode témoin reliée à une première extrémité de l'unité de mesure de tension, un premier et un deuxième commutateurs reliés en parallèle à une seconde extrémité de l'unité de mesure de tension, une première et une seconde électrodes fonctionnelles reliées au premier et au deuxième commutateurs respectivement, un troisième et un quatrième commutateurs reliés en parallèle à la première électrode fonctionnelle, un cinquième et un sixième commutateurs reliés en parallèle à la seconde électrode fonctionnelle, et une unité d'alimentation ayant une première extrémité à laquelle sont reliés en parallèle le troisième et le cinquième commutateurs, et une seconde extrémité à laquelle sont reliés en parallèle le quatrième et le sixième commutateurs, le groupe formé des deuxième, troisième et sixième commutateurs et le groupe formé des premier, quatrième et cinquième commutateurs s'ouvrant et se fermant en alternance.
PCT/KR2005/001776 2005-03-22 2005-06-13 Capteur pour mesurer la teneur en chlorure, capteur pour detecter des micro-organismes, et appareil de purification de l'eau dote de ces capteurs WO2006101290A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2005-0023655 2005-03-22
KR1020050023655A KR20060101973A (ko) 2005-03-22 2005-03-22 염소 농도 측정용 센서 및 이를 구비한 정수 장치

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WO2006101290A1 true WO2006101290A1 (fr) 2006-09-28

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014164809A1 (fr) * 2013-03-11 2014-10-09 S.E.A. Medical Systems, Inc. Conceptions, systèmes, configurations et procédés de spectroscopie d'immitance
US9014775B2 (en) 2008-03-10 2015-04-21 S.E.A. Medical Systems, Inc. Multi-parametric fluid determination systems using complex admittance
US9052276B2 (en) 2009-06-08 2015-06-09 S.E.A. Medical Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for the identification of compounds using admittance spectroscopy
EP2643691A4 (fr) * 2010-11-22 2016-08-31 Nalco Co Appareil permettant une analyse continue et en ligne du chlore dans une eau turbine et dans des courants de traitement

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017175953A1 (fr) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-12 Dae Yoon Scale Industrial Co., Ltd. Appareil portable de mesure de chlorure à base de titrage coulométrique
CN106979969A (zh) * 2017-02-25 2017-07-25 深圳市赛亿科技开发有限公司 一种检测液态食品中重金属离子浓度的智能碗

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4332658A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-06-01 Olympus Optical Company, Ltd. Chemical substance detection apparatus
JPS60211354A (ja) * 1984-04-05 1985-10-23 Furontetsukusu:Kk 水溶液中の塩素イオン濃度の測定方法
US5874046A (en) * 1996-10-30 1999-02-23 Raytheon Company Biological warfare agent sensor system employing ruthenium-terminated oligonucleotides complementary to target live agent DNA sequences
US6113762A (en) * 1995-02-22 2000-09-05 Isao Karube Microbial electrode and microbial sensor
JP2001141692A (ja) * 1999-11-16 2001-05-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 残留塩素濃度測定装置

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4332658A (en) * 1979-09-10 1982-06-01 Olympus Optical Company, Ltd. Chemical substance detection apparatus
JPS60211354A (ja) * 1984-04-05 1985-10-23 Furontetsukusu:Kk 水溶液中の塩素イオン濃度の測定方法
US6113762A (en) * 1995-02-22 2000-09-05 Isao Karube Microbial electrode and microbial sensor
US5874046A (en) * 1996-10-30 1999-02-23 Raytheon Company Biological warfare agent sensor system employing ruthenium-terminated oligonucleotides complementary to target live agent DNA sequences
JP2001141692A (ja) * 1999-11-16 2001-05-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 残留塩素濃度測定装置

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9014775B2 (en) 2008-03-10 2015-04-21 S.E.A. Medical Systems, Inc. Multi-parametric fluid determination systems using complex admittance
US9052276B2 (en) 2009-06-08 2015-06-09 S.E.A. Medical Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for the identification of compounds using admittance spectroscopy
EP2643691A4 (fr) * 2010-11-22 2016-08-31 Nalco Co Appareil permettant une analyse continue et en ligne du chlore dans une eau turbine et dans des courants de traitement
WO2014164809A1 (fr) * 2013-03-11 2014-10-09 S.E.A. Medical Systems, Inc. Conceptions, systèmes, configurations et procédés de spectroscopie d'immitance

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