Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B7/004—Recording, reproducing or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
  • G11B7/0045—Recording
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
  • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
  • G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
  • G11B20/1816—Testing
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B7/004—Recording, reproducing or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
  • G11B7/0045—Recording
  • G11B7/00456—Recording strategies, e.g. pulse sequences
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B7/004—Recording, reproducing or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
  • G11B7/005—Reproducing
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B7/08—Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers
  • G11B7/09—Disposition or mounting of heads or light sources relatively to record carriers with provision for moving the light beam or focus plane for the purpose of maintaining alignment of the light beam relative to the record carrier during transducing operation, e.g. to compensate for surface irregularities of the latter or for track following
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
  • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
  • G11B7/00—Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a thermal beam of optical radiation by modifying optical properties or the physical structure, reproducing using an optical beam at lower power by sensing optical properties; Record carriers therefor
  • G11B7/12—Heads, e.g. forming of the optical beam spot or modulation of the optical beam
  • G11B7/125—Optical beam sources therefor, e.g. laser control circuitry specially adapted for optical storage devices; Modulators, e.g. means for controlling the size or intensity of optical spots or optical traces
  • G11B7/126—Circuits, methods or arrangements for laser control or stabilisation

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an apparatus and a corresponding method for determining write strategy parameters for recording data on an optical record carrier.
• the present invention relates further to an apparatus and a corresponding method for determining read parameters for reading data from an optical record carrier.
• the present invention relates to an apparatus and a corresponding method for determining servo parameters for recording data on and/or reading data from an optical record carrier.
• an apparatus for determining write strategy parameters as claimed in claim 1 comprising: initialization means for setting initial write strategy parameters, - setting means for setting initial variable levels and an initial experimental plan, based on variations of said initial write strategy parameters, for use in a design of experiments method for optimization of said write strategy parameters, optimization means for determining optimized write strategy parameters by use of a design of experiments method, and - iteration means for checking if, based on a predetermined criterion, the optimized write strategy parameters determined by the optimization means shall be further optimized and, in case the write strategy parameters shall be further optimized, for determining new variable levels and a new experimental plan for use in another iteration of the design of experiments method for further optimization of said write strategy parameters.
• an apparatus for determining read parameters comprising: initialization means for setting initial read parameters, setting means for setting initial variable levels and an initial experimental plan, based on variations of said initial read parameters, for use in a design of experiments method for optimization of said read parameters, optimization means for determining optimized read parameters by use of a design of experiments method, and iteration means for checking if, based on a predetermined criterion, the optimized read parameters determined by the optimization means shall be further optimized and, in case the read parameters shall be further optimized, for determining new variable levels and a new experimental plan for use in another iteration of the design of experiments method for further optimization of said read parameters.
• the invention is based on the idea that the write strategy parameters that should be used for recording on a disc and the read parameters that should be used for reading data from a disc are dependent on the disc, recorder and recording speed and disc, reader and reading speed, respectively.
• the write strategy parameters / read parameters should be determined for each recorder/disc combination and reader / disc at the actual recording speed / reading speed.
• Such a self learning optimization procedure for determination of the write strategy parameters and read parameters is proposed according to the present invention.
• the present invention first proposes to make a first optimization run using a known design of experiments method.
• a method is, generally, a structured, organized method for determining the relationship between factors effecting a process and the output of that process.
• a design of experiments refers to experimental methods used to quantify indeterminate measurements of factors and interactions between factors statistically through observants of forced changes made methodically as directed by mathematically systematic tables.
• initial write strategy parameters / read parameters in the following also commonly referred to as "initial parameters”
• initial variable levels and an initial experimental plan are determined. Said initial parameters are, for instance, read from the record carrier itself, or can be taken from a default write strategy / read strategy stored in the apparatus itself.
• Write strategy parameters are, for example, the recording power, the cooling gaps (of even and odd marks), the power increment, and time increments. These parameters are generally pre-stored on the record carrier, for instance in the ATIP (Absolute Time In Pregroove) information on recordable CDs or in the ADIP (Absolute Address In Pregroove) on recordable DVD+R discs.
• Read parameters are, for example, servo parameters like radial, focus bandwidths, decoder parameters like equalizer, sheer, and PLL bandwidth.
• a group of parameters is selected, in particular one or two parameters (more parameters at the same time are possible, but this complicates the calculations), from which the initial variable levels and the initial experimental plan for the design of experiments method are determined.
• the recording power Pw and the write pulse duration for 3T marks Ti3 are selected as write parameters which shall be optimized by the design of experiments method.
• said parameters have a specific correlation.
• different combinations of variations of these parameters are determined (in "coded” or "normalized” form) as variable levels and set as in experimental plan.
• a number of test recordings according to said experimental plan is carried out writing test data on the record carrier using said combinations of write strategy parameters as set in the experimental plan.
• test discs also discs that are used in the market
• disc errors or disc defects like fingerprints, black dots, scratches, etc
• optimized write strategy parameters / optimized read parameters are obtained by said design of experiments method. Thereafter it is checked, if further optimization is required using a predetermined criterion, for instance the resulting jitter obtained by said different experiments during the first run of the design of experiments method.
• the determined optimized parameters will be used for recording on said record carrier and reading data from said record carrier, respectively. Otherwise, an iteration is started and another run of the design of experiments method will be made using new variable levels and a new experimental plan which are determined based on the results obtained during the previous run of the design of experiments method. These iterations can be carried out one or more times, until said predetermined criterion is fulfilled, for instance, if the jitter is below a predetermined threshold, if a predetermined number of iterations has been carried out and/or if no further significant improvement could be obtained by the last iteration.
• the present invention thus provides a simple and time-efficient method for obtaining optimized parameters for optical record carriers.
• This method is preferably used for optical record carriers which are "unknown" to the drive, i.e. for which there are no write strategy parameters / read parameters stored in the drive, for instance in a media table.
• the method can also be used for record carriers where not even on the record carrier itself any write strategy parameters / read parameters are stored, or it can also be used in order to further optimize the write strategy parameters/ read parameters stored on the record carrier or stored in the drive.
• For each individual disc the best way to record on the disc / read from the disc can be rapidly determined leading to reliable data recording / reading, the reliable data recording leading subsequently to a reliable playback of recorded data for all kinds of record carriers.
• this solution is future-proof to support all new media from existing and new media manufacturers.
• a preferred embodiment of the optimization means comprises test recording means / test reading means, measurement means for measuring a quality parameter value of a quality parameter and determination means for determining the optimized parameters by evaluation of the measured quality parameter values for the test recordings / test readings.
• quality parameters can, for instance, be jitter, block error rate or bit error rate which are preferably measured after each test recording / test reading.
• a model is used for determining the optimized parameters, in particular a second-order model, and that for this model an optimum, in particular a minimum, is determined for finding the optimized parameters.
• a second-order model is preferred since it has been shown (see figs. 3 and 4 of the above mentioned article of G. Langereis) that both the leading and trailing jitter have a parabolic dependency on the write strategy parameters and that also the RMS value (being the total jitter) has a second order shape as well.
• other models can be used.
• the coefficient values of the model can, as proposed according to a preferred embodiment, also be used as predetermined criterion for checking if a further optimization of the determined parameters shall be made, i.e. if another iteration run is required.
• the coefficient values of the coefficients of the quadratic terms of said model are used for this purpose which can well indicate if an optimum (i.e. a minimum) of the model has been found or if any further optimization is required.
• said coefficient values can also be used to indicate the iteration direction, i.e. the direction in which way, i.e. in which direction and by which operation (increasing/decreasing/shifting) the previous variable levels have to be changed for determining a new experimental plan to be used in another iteration.
• the proposed invention can also be used for calibration of other parameters than write strategy parameters and read parameters, i.e. servo parameters, like focus offset v.s. radial tilt calibration, or spherical aberration v.s. focus offset, etc.
• servo parameters like focus offset v.s. radial tilt calibration, or spherical aberration v.s. focus offset, etc.
• Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the general method for determining write strategy parameters including the method according to the present invention
• Fig. 2 shows the proposed optimization method for write strategy parameter optimization in more detail
• Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the write strategy used for recording on a DVD+R disc
• Fig. 4 shows a flow chart of the sub-steps of one optimization step in the write strategy parameter optimization
• Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of two values X 1 and x 2 in a central composite design scheme
• Fig. 6 shows a fitted model for two parameters as a function of jitter
• Fig. 7 shows a flow chart illustrating the method according to the present invention in more detail
• Fig. 8 shows a flow chart illustrating the step of determining the iteration direction
• Fig. 9 shows schematic diagrams of the central composite design scheme of Fig. 5 illustrating different ways of modifying the variable levels
• Fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the central composite design scheme of
• Fig. 11 shows schematic diagrams illustrating example constraints of one parameter as a function of the boarder limits
• Fig. 12 shows a flow chart of a practical embodiment for write strategy optimization method for high speed recording
• Fig. 13 shows a flow chart of a practical embodiment of a write strategy optimization method for high and low speed recording
• Fig. 14 shows a schematic diagram of an adaptive network for determining read or write parameters
• Fig. 15 shows a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for determining read parameters
• Fig. 16 shows the proposed optimization method for read parameter optimization in more detail
• Fig. 17 shows a flow chart of the sub-steps of one optimization step in the read parameter optimization method
• Fig. 18 shows a block diagram of a drive including an apparatus according to the present invention.
• Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for determining the write strategy parameter for recording data on a recordable or rewritable disc. It has been found that the laser power and the write strategy that should be used for recording on a disc is dependent on the disc, recorder and recording speed. For unknown discs, i.e. for discs (or, more accurate, for types of discs) for which there is no entry in a media table stored in the drive listing the optimal write strategy parameters, which are thus not optimized discs, these parameters will be determined for each recorder/disc combination at the actual recording speed. Such a determination of the write strategy parameters is can be activated by a certain command generated by the data-path, such a command being called "BE Calibrate record" command Sl here.
• step S3 After checking in step S2 if the disc is "unknown", a normal known OPC procedure in step S3 will be performed in case the disc is not unknown in order to determine the optimum write power P opt for recording on that disc.
• a normal known OPC procedure in step S4 is also performed using a default write strategy (e.g. read from the disc) in order to determine the indicative power P M , i.e. the starting write power user for the subsequent optimization method (SLWSO) in step S5 by which the optimized write strategy parameters are determined.
• the unknown disc is translated into a well-known disc.
• a flow chart of the proposed optimization method of step 5 is shown in Fig. 2.
• the SLWSO method is preferably executed at the Inner/Outer Disc Test Zone and is written from outside to inside disc direction.
• Parameters (or experiments) are preferably changed on the fly at every disc revolution transition.
• jitter will be measured during one revolution (e.g. 5 times during one ADIP frame for DVD+R) and will be averaged.
• the recording process for instance on DVD+R media, is very sensitive to the variation of many parameters, like the recording power, ambient temperature, laser wavelength, etc.
• a calibration routine based on jitter measurement is preferred. Principally jitter read-out measurement should take place along one disc revolution to average out variations along the circumference like eccentricity, etc.
• P Pw+dPw
• Ti3 Ti3
• dPw dPw
• Fig. 3 shows the parameters of the castle write strategy, which is described in the above cited article of G. Langereis and which is preferably used to program the write strategy registers of the front-end ICs in the drive.
• table 1 byte numbers and a short description of the different write strategy parameters as used in the disc ADIP info are given:
• a first step S61 the variable levels are determined.
• n 0, 1, 2, ...., for instance 9 experiments, can be taken as well. 13 experiments proposed here have in all directions the same number of experiments which will significantly increase the resolution and accuracy compared to 9 experiments without increasing the time required for performing the optimization method too much.
• a statistical tool in particular a response surface methodology, is used as described in the above cited article of G. Langereis.
• This tool is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building.
• the objective is to optimize a response (output variable, e.g. jitter), which is influenced by two independent variables (input variables, e.g. P and Ti3).
• input variables e.g. P and Ti3
• a series of tests, so-called experiments are made in which changes are made in the input variables in order to identify the reasons for changes in the output response.
• the functions for the approximations are polynomials because of simplicity.
• the response surface is described as follow (eq.l): k k Jfc - l k
• DOE design of experiments
• CCD central composite designs
• a second order model is usually required approximating the response because of curvature in the true response surface.
• step S63 N experiments are written on the disc using the experimental plan, i.e. the parameters (or experiments) are changed on the fly at every disc revolution transition and test data are written on the disc.
• jitter ⁇ is measured in step S64, e.g. 5 times during one ADIP frame, and an average jitter ⁇ x is preferably calculated.
• all the model coefficients 'b' are estimated in step S65 based on jitter measurements ( ⁇ 0 - ⁇ 12 ) of the 13 experiments using the above mentioned CCD method. This can be expressed mathematically as follows: 1 X 1 X2 Xi*X2 Xl 2 X2 2 1 0 -1 0 0 1 ⁇ j 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
• fc 4 -0.26299 ( ⁇ 0 + ⁇ 6 )-- ⁇ i -0.09740 ( ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 4 + ⁇ 7 + ⁇ 8 ) + 0.15584-( ⁇ 9 + ⁇ 10 + ⁇ u + ⁇ 12 )+ 0.23701 -( ⁇ 3 + ⁇ 5 )
• Fig.6 shows a two-dimensional plot, in particular a fitted curve, of PARAM l and PARAM 2 as a function of jitter.
• step S66 the optimal parameters are determined by determining a minimum of PARAM l and PARAM 2 of the fitted model (in coded units) by:
• the coded (normalized) optimal values must be translated to real parameter values by linear interpolation between two parameter values of above shown table 2 before they are stored in step S67.
• step S71 corresponding to steps S61 and S62 as well as step S72 corresponding to steps S63 to S66
• DOE design of experiments
• step S72 corresponding to steps S63 to S66
• the second part of Fig. 7 following step S72 explains the iteration process.
• the iteration direction will be determined and in the second part the new variable levels and experimental plan will be defined.
• the parameter Q is used to indicate the number of steps.
• the initial variable levels in coded form determined in step S71 can be taken from the following table 4:
• step S71 The initial experimental plan for step z determined in step S71 can be taken from the following table 5:
• the range in one direction can be determined by
• step S90 The determination of the iteration direction in step S90 (shown in more detail in Fig. 8) will be based on the b 4 and b 5 coefficients of equation (3). This means that the quadratic parts of the equation will be used to determine if an iteration process is necessary or not in step S73 Since a minimum of the model shall be found, these two coefficient b 4 and b 5 must have positive values.
• step S74 the parameters are calculated and stored (S74), the jitter is calculated according to equation 6 and stored (S75), and the write strategy is temporally stored (S 76).
• step S77 a check is made if already two runs have been made and if the jitter is larger than in the previous step, or it there is a time-out. If this is the case, it is checked (S78) if the jitter is below the limit. If this is the case the EEPROM table is updated with the optimized write strategy parameters (S79). Otherwise an error is issued. If the check in step S77 gives a negative result the variables are reset before the start of a new run (S80).
• step counter Q is increased by one (S81), and it is checked (S82) if the jitter is too high in a sequence dependent on the level of dPw (compare step S55 of Fig. 2). In this case (S83) additional steps 3 and 4 (S56, S57 of Fig. 2) are carried out. Finally, after five retries (S84) an error will be issued. If b 4 is negative an X 1 parameter direction change has to be done (or east/west direction), by increasing the X 1 range called "expanding" (see Fig. 9a). Therefore the average jitter at the west side will be compared with the average jitter at the east side.
• [Axpl] [xpl, ,J -[x ⁇ ⁇ r ⁇ new (+ ⁇ ) new (0) new
• Fig.11 shows example constraints for the x 2 parameter as a function of the border limits.
• the new coded variable levels are thus as shown in the following table 6:
• step S94 determines whether the new experimental plan is retured to step S72.
• the new experimental plan is, as an example, shown in the following table 7:
• the optimized write strategy can be stored in the drive.
• the unknown disc is translated into a well-known disc.
• the method according to the invention can be implemented as follows. For low speeds ( ⁇ 6x DVD ⁇ R) other parameters and parameter ranges will be chosen. SLWSO will be performed completely (max 4 steps) on the test zone at the inside of the disc. For high speed (>6x) DVD ⁇ R writing the following algorithm can be taken into account (see Figs. 12 and 13). SLWSO will be performed completely at the highest speed on the test zone at the outside of the disc. The power/timing parameters of the castle write strategy will be determined by the highest recording speed (e.g. 16x) for that disc.
• the highest recording speed e.g. 16x
• the values of the timing parameters will also be used for the lowest speed (6.3x, inside of the disc).
• the power parameters of the castle write strategy will be determined by both the highest as the lowest speed.
• For the intermediate speeds a linear interpolation of the power parameters will be made between both highest/lowest speeds.
• a retry of the SLWSO will be performed if the number iterations per step will be exceeding the value of five.
• FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an adaptive network where different parameters with respect to playability will be adjusted by adjustment means 310 until optimal playability of the optical drive is reached.
• Initial settings from development phase will be loaded during the start-up phase of a disc as start values at the input 300 (Pi). It is preferred to split-up the settings in different classes CLi to handle different environments like disc defects, shock behavior or a combination of both. After loading the initial settings error statistics will be measured in error measurement units.
• Fig. 15 shows a simple flow chart of a method for determining the read parameter for reading data from a disc according to the present invention.
• SlOO of the disc playability tests are done as a part of the start-up (mounting) procedure of the disc. Tests are done at different positions on the disc. Then playability is tested (SlOl) at the actual disc in the actual environment of the drive. Because this is a part of start-up no memory for data linking is necessary.
• error statistics are measured (S103).
• parameter changes can be made on the fly (S 102) to create always the highest system margin, i.e. dynamic optimizing is applied. If read errors occur playability optimizing (S102) can be activated by stopping the read process. After the optimizing the read process can be started again.
• BLER counters which count the number of rows/columns (PI/PO) with at least one error. These are the normal used counters. But the hardware has also counters available that count the number of rows/columns with one error, 2 errors, 3 errors, etc. and this for PI/PO corrections. There are also counters that count the number of uncorrectable errors. This means that some extra information is available for judging the quality of data. Thus, error statistics can be built-up to make a better decision if, for instance, some improvements are seen with the actual used parameters compared with the previous one.
• step S 121 The procedure of one step SI lO, SI l 2, SI l 4, 116 shown in Fig. 16 is illustrated in more detail in the flow chart of Fig. 17 which is essentially identical to the flow chart shown in Fig. 4.
• the proposed experimental plan determined therefrom in step S 122 is shown in above table 3 (where, however, "error statistics ⁇ " are determined here instead of "measured jitter ⁇ ").
• a statistical tool in particular a response surface methodology, is used as described above with reference to Fig. 5 and equations (1) and (2).
• step S 123 N experiments are performed using the experimental plan, i.e. the parameters (or experiments) are changed on the fly at every disc revolution transition and test data are read from the disc.
• error statistics (or, more generally, quality data) are measured in step S 124, and an average for the quality data is preferably calculated.
• all the model coefficients 'b' are estimated in step S 125 based on error statistics measurements ( ⁇ 0 - ⁇ n) of the 13 experiments using the above mentioned CCD method (see also equation (3) and Fig. 6).
• step S 126 the optimal parameters are determined by determining a minimum of PARAM l and PARAM 2 of the fitted model (in coded units) by the above equation (4).
• the coded (normalized) optimal values must be translated to real parameter values by linear interpolation between two parameter values of above shown table 2 before they are stored in step S 127.
• an iteration process (e.g. as shown in Fig. 14) is used in which the initial measurement point is shifted / expanded to another direction depending on the model result. This is done in the same way as it has been explained above for the first embodiment of the invention.
• Fig. 18 shows a schematic block diagram of a drive for accessing an optical record carrier 100 including an apparatus for determining write strategy parameters and/or read in accordance with the present invention.
• Said apparatus includes, as explained above, initialization means 110 for setting initial write strategy parameters / initial read parameters, for instance taken from a memory 200, e.g. coefficient table (read), a media table of the drive, or taken directly from the disc 100.
• the apparatus comprises setting means 120 for setting initial variable levels and an initial experimental plan, based on variations of said initial write strategy parameters / initial read parameters, for use in a design of experiments method for optimization of said write strategy parameters / read parameters.
• optimization means 130 for determining optimized (write strategy / read) parameters by use of a design of experiments method.
• the optimization means 130 are therefore provided with testing means 131 for performing a number of test recordings / test readings on the record carrier 100 in accordance with the experimental plan, measurement means 132 for measuring a quality parameter value of a quality parameter (e.g. jitter for write strategy parameter optimization, error statistics for read parameter optimization) for each test recording / test reading indicating the recording quality / reproduction quality of the test recording / test reading and determination means 133 for determining optimized (write strategy / read) parameters by evaluation of the measured quality parameter values for said test recordings / test readings.
• a quality parameter e.g. jitter for write strategy parameter optimization, error statistics for read parameter optimization
• iteration means 140 are provided for checking if, based on a predetermined criterion, the optimized (write strategy / read) parameters determined by the optimization means 130 shall be further optimized and, in this case, for determining new variable levels and a new experimental plan for use in another iteration for further optimization of the write strategy parameters / read parameters.
• the final optimized (write strategy / read) parameters can be stored in the drive, for instance in the memory 200 for further use by the recording / reading means 210 of the drive for recording the data on the record carrier 100 and/or reading data from the record carrier 100.

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