WO2006095650A1 - 無線通信装置及び無線通信方法 - Google Patents
無線通信装置及び無線通信方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006095650A1 WO2006095650A1 PCT/JP2006/304099 JP2006304099W WO2006095650A1 WO 2006095650 A1 WO2006095650 A1 WO 2006095650A1 JP 2006304099 W JP2006304099 W JP 2006304099W WO 2006095650 A1 WO2006095650 A1 WO 2006095650A1
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- wireless communication
- node
- frequency
- reference value
- communication device
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000234671 Ananas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and more particularly to a wireless communication device and a wireless communication method in an ad hoc network using a plurality of wireless communication devices (also referred to as wireless nodes or nodes).
- Ad hoc networks In this type of technical field, network systems called ad hoc networks, multi-hop networks, mesh networks, and the like are attracting attention.
- an ad hoc network it is possible to perform direct communication between adjacent wireless nodes without requiring a fixed infrastructure such as an access point (AP) or a wireless base station. It is allowed to pass through one or more other wireless nodes to transmit information to Ad hoc networks are promising as an economical network construction method because wireless networks can be flexibly constructed even in places without fixed infrastructure.
- Ad hoc networks can be used for outdoor private or public networks such as hotspots that are connected only to indoor communication environments such as homes and offices.
- Ad hoc networks do not require a fixed infrastructure, so they are effective for building temporary networks in the event of a disaster.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic overall view of an ad hoc network, in which a plurality of nodes A to G are shown.
- An ad hoc network does not require a device that centrally controls or controls multiple nodes, but the frequency used by each node involved in communication must be the same. In other words, the transmitting device and the receiving device of each node that communicates must operate at the same frequency, and each node must have a frequency synchronization function for selecting a frequency in that way.
- BSS mode BSS mode
- STAs communication terminals
- BSS mode access The point AP comprehensively determines the frequency used for communication
- each communication terminal STA receives broadcast information (also called a beacon) that is transmitted regularly or irregularly from the access point AP. Match the frequency used by the access point AP.
- broadcast information also called a beacon
- the other is called iBSS mode, and communication is performed by connecting each communication terminal STA directly to each other via a wireless line under the condition that all communication terminals STA are located within the range where radio waves reach each other. Is done.
- the local node checks whether or not the beacon transmitted by another node can be received. If the beacon transmitted from the other node cannot be detected, the communication terminal STA (self The node decides the frequency to use and transmits a beacon. If a beacon transmitted from another node can be detected, the communication terminal matches the frequency indicated in the beacon.
- Non-Patent Document 2 In Bluetooth (registered trademark) shown in Non-Patent Document 2, there are two categories of nodes: master (Master) and slave (Slave). The responsible node determines the frequency, and the slave node synchronizes the frequency according to the frequency determined by the master. In this case, there can only be one master per network (piconet).
- Non-Patent Document 2 J. Bray, Charles F Sturman, "Bluetooth Connect Without Cables", Pr entice- Hall, Inc, 2001
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 in BSS mode a node having a centralized control function such as an access point AP comprehensively controls one or more subordinate nodes STA. It is assumed that. It is technically possible to place a node with a central control function in an ad hoc network. However, a mechanism that presupposes connection to one centralized control node may reduce network reliability. This is because the number of nodes that make up the network and the positional relationship (network topology) change sequentially. This is because the line quality of the wireless links that are in contact with each other is likely to change in an unstable manner.
- the communication quality of a large number of nodes deteriorates due to, for example, the node having the central control function leaving the network or the wireless channel quality of the intermediate route to the node having the central control function deteriorates.
- the communication quality of the entire network may be degraded and communication may be interrupted.
- Non-Patent Document 1 does not require a node having such a centralized control function, but assumes that all the nodes constituting the network are within the reach of radio waves. Therefore, this technology is not appropriate when trying to expand a network over a wider area (multihop network).
- the frequency f is used in the range where the radio waves of node A reach, and the frequency f is used in the range where radio waves of node B reach.
- the frequencies used in all nodes are autonomously matched without disruption of the network, and stable even if the node configuration in the network is changed.
- a frequency synchronization method capable of ensuring communication is desired.
- the present invention has been made to address at least one of the above problems, and the problem is that information is transmitted from one wireless node to another wireless node via one or more wireless nodes.
- a communication method for causing a wireless node involved in information transmission to select the same frequency and a wireless communication apparatus using the wireless communication method are provided.
- a wireless communication device in an ad hoc network includes detection means for detecting the presence of another wireless communication device around the wireless communication device, a first reference value managed by the wireless communication device, and the other wireless communication device. Comparison means for comparing the second reference value to be managed, means for correcting the first reference value based on the comparison result, and means for notifying the other wireless communication device of the first reference value And have.
- the frequency is determined such that the frequency of another wireless communication device that does not reach the radio wave of the wireless communication device but the radio wave of the other wireless communication device is the same as the frequency of the wireless communication device.
- FIG. 1 An overall view of an ad hoc network is shown.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 Shows a sequence chart for passively checking the existence of adjacent nodes.
- FIG. 5 is a sequence chart showing a method for matching the used frequencies among a plurality of nodes.
- FIG. 6 shows a state transition diagram related to the operation of the communication device.
- FIG. 7 is a sequence chart showing an example of a method for authenticating adjacent nodes.
- FIG. 8 is a sequence chart showing another example method for authenticating adjacent nodes.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an ad hoc network in which each node uses a plurality of wireless interfaces.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another ad hoc network in which each node uses a plurality of wireless interfaces.
- CPU Central processing unit
- a notification signal is received by a wireless communication device (node) in an ad hoc network, and the first reference value stored in the wireless communication device is included in the notification signal.
- the second reference value is compared.
- it is determined whether or not to use the frequency specified by the notification signal for wireless communication. Since each node that sets the frequency in advance sets the frequency autonomously, an ad hoc network (mesh network) can be constructed easily and flexibly. Since the frequency to be used in a node is autonomously determined by the node, the node can set the frequency stably regardless of the communication status of a specific node having a central control function.
- the first and second reference values may be quantities expressed in time. Such an amount may be, for example, a time at a certain time such as the starting time or an elapsed time from a certain time. In this case, it is possible to give priority to nodes that are operating earlier in the network, and it is possible to minimize changes in frequency settings at such nodes. Since many nodes have a clock function, expressing the reference value as an absolute time at startup is advantageous in that it reduces the functions added to the node. When using elapsed time as a reference value, it is only necessary to have a timer that can measure a relatively short period from the time of startup, so there is no need to know the absolute time accurately without GPS or an accurate timekeeping function. It is advantageous in that it can be completed.
- the first and second reference values may be values other than time. Such a value may be, for example, a random number, an identifier unique to the wireless communication device, communication quality, or the number of wireless communication devices already connected to the ad hoc network. When random numbers are used, it is extremely rare for two random numbers to match, so it is possible to reliably determine which node's frequency is preferred (collision or contention can be significantly reduced). . From a similar point of view, the first and first The reference value of 2 may be expressed by an identifier unique to the wireless communication device. The first and second reference values may be expressed in communication quality. In this case, it is possible to give priority to the use of high-quality frequencies.
- the need to match the frequencies used for communication arises not only when nodes enter the network but also when they are integrated into a single network with multiple network forces that use their own separate frequencies.
- the present invention is applicable to any case.
- the first and second reference values may be expressed as the number of wireless communication devices already connected to the network. By prioritizing the frequency of the network with many connected units, the number of nodes that need to be changed in the frequency setting can be reduced.
- the term "frequency" may refer to a band of usable frequencies where appropriate, with just the smallest frequency that a node uses for communication.
- the present invention may be used when adjusting the frequency between a wireless communication device that intends to use the 40 MHz band in the future and a wireless communication device that actually uses the 20 MHz band. .
- the present invention may be used in a situation where a network using a 20 MHz band and a network using a 40 MHz band are integrated.
- the first and second reference values may be expressed by a combination of an amount expressed in time and a numerical value other than time. When expressed in such a combination, even if the amount expressed in time is the same, the frequency used for communication can be determined reliably according to the comparison result of the reference values.
- the first reference value may be changed to the second reference value according to the comparison result.
- the time can be synchronized by matching the reference value between wireless communication devices.
- the notification signal may include an interface identifier, and the interface may be distinguished by the identifier.
- the reference value may be managed for each interface.
- the network identifier may be included in the broadcast signal, and only the nodes belonging to the network having the same identifier may be the management target of the reference value or the like.
- a notification signal including the first reference value is created by the wireless communication device and transmitted to another wireless communication device.
- a notification signal including a value different from the first reference value as a reference value may be generated by the wireless communication device and transmitted to another wireless communication device.
- the wireless communication device can force the frequency used in the network to the content specified by itself.
- a wireless communication device may notify a notification signal including a value (a time very much before the absolute time) that is different from the first reference value (absolute time at start-up) as a reference value.
- the frequency specified by the wireless communication device can be prioritized.
- the contents such as the frequency specified by the specific wireless communication device can be changed to other wireless communication devices.
- the setting contents of the device may not be affected.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the communication device corresponds to one of a plurality of nodes constituting a wireless ad hoc network. Other nodes have the same configuration and functions.
- the communication device includes an antenna 202, a wireless interface 204, a packet transfer unit 206, a route control unit 208, a central processing unit (CPU) 210, and a storage unit 210.
- the communication apparatus includes a broadcast information transmitting unit 214, a broadcast information receiving unit 216, a reference value control unit 218, and a frequency control unit 220.
- the wireless interface 204 performs a conversion process between a wireless signal communicated through the antenna 202 and a signal used in the communication device. More specifically, processing such as format conversion between analog and digital signals, frequency conversion, band limitation, gain control, etc. is performed. For example, processing related to a radio signal conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard is performed.
- the packet transfer unit 206 creates a packet to be transmitted to another communication device, and gives the packet to the wireless interface 204.
- the payload that the user wants to send and receive is the packet transfer part 20 6 is transmitted. In this case, the transmission path of the transmitted packet is managed by the path control unit 208.
- the CPU 210 controls the operation of each element in the communication device.
- the storage unit 212 stores data necessary for the communication device.
- the broadcast information transmission unit 214 creates a broadcast packet and gives it to the wireless interface 204.
- the broadcast packet is notified to neighboring nodes.
- the broadcast packet includes broadcast information necessary for a frequency synchronization function between nodes in the network (a function for adjusting the frequency exhibited by the present invention).
- the broadcast packet may be periodically notified to other nodes, or may be notified in response to a request from another node. In the former case, it may be realized using, for example, a beacon defined by the IEEE802.11 standard. In the latter case, it may be realized by using a probe request and a probe response defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.
- the broadcast information always includes a “reference value” which will be described later.
- the network identifier (ID), the frequency actually used for communication (used frequency), the frequency selected by the algorithm of the present invention (reference value). Frequency), information on whether or not the reference frequency is actually used, and an interface identifier may be included.
- the interface identifier may include information indicating that the interface is for a common channel (a channel commonly used in the entire network).
- the node may set the same frequency as the reference frequency as the use frequency, or may set a frequency different from the reference frequency as the use frequency.
- the broadcast information receiving unit 216 receives broadcast packets notified from neighboring nodes, and acquires information necessary for frequency synchronization between nodes of the network. As described above, the broadcast packet may be periodically passively received from another node, or the own node may actively request the broadcast packet from the other node. Since the broadcast information receiving unit 216 acquires information from other nodes in the vicinity, it can also check the presence / absence of other nodes in the vicinity of the own node. Since there may be multiple frequencies (channels) that can be used by a wireless node, detection of neighboring nodes in that case needs to be performed for each frequency that may be used.
- channels frequencies
- FIG. 3 shows a flowchart for checking the existence of other nodes around the own node.
- the other node is communicating at the frequency f.
- the frequency that may be used by other nodes is f , f, f.
- neighboring nodes periodically use beacons
- a notification packet is transmitted to the node, and the notification packet periodically arrives at its own node.
- the own node checks whether there is another node communicating at the frequency f. Adjacent nodes are communicating at frequency f, so at this stage their neighbors are not detected
- Step 32 the own node checks whether there is another node communicating at the frequency f. Next door
- step 33 the own node checks whether there is another node communicating at the frequency f.
- this neighboring node is detected at this stage.
- the local node has an adjacent node communicating at the frequency f.
- the frequency to be used by the own node is determined according to the method described later.
- Figure 4 also shows a flowchart for checking the existence of other nodes around the local node.
- it is assumed that there is one other node or an adjacent node near the own node, and the other node is communicating at the frequency f.
- the frequency that may be used by other nodes is f
- the own node needs a probe prior to step 41.
- a request packet is transmitted to a neighboring node in the vicinity. This probe request packet requests that the adjacent node respond if it uses frequency f. Adjacent node at frequency f
- the own node sends a probe request packet to a neighboring node in the vicinity. This probe request packet is accepted if the adjacent node uses the frequency f.
- Adjacent nodes are detected.
- the own node transmits a probe request bucket to a neighboring node in the vicinity.
- This probe request packet requests that the P-contact node respond if it uses frequency f.
- P-node is communicating at frequency f
- the frequency to be used by the own node is determined according to a method described later. Passively or actively as shown in Figures 3 and 4 Neighboring nodes can be detected.
- the network ID may be used together when checking the existence of a neighboring node. For example, when multiple networks exist, it is necessary to detect neighboring nodes for each network (network interface). In such a case, the network ID may be used. In this case, it is judged that the neighboring node exists only when the network ID broadcast by the neighboring node matches the network ID held by the own node.
- the detection result of the neighboring node and the content of the received notification information are given to the reference value control unit 218 and the frequency control unit 220 in FIG.
- the reference value control unit 218 manages the reference value of its own node. Specifically, the reference value control unit
- Reference value comparison and reference value update in the reference value control unit 218 are typically performed when the broadcast information receiving unit 216 detects a neighboring node.
- the reference value supplied from the broadcast information receiving unit 216 can have various forms.
- the elapsed time from a certain point is adopted as the reference value.
- the certain time may be, for example, the time when the node is activated.
- the reference value may be appropriately updated separately from the presence or absence of neighboring nodes.
- the reference value control unit 218 compares the elapsed time (reference value) of the own node with the elapsed time (reference value) of the neighboring node, and checks the length of the elapsed time. As a result of the comparison, it is determined which node gives a longer elapsed time. If the elapsed time from the neighboring node is longer, the elapsed time of the own node is replaced with the elapsed time of the neighboring node. On the other hand, if the elapsed time of the neighboring node power is shorter, the elapsed time of the own node is maintained as it is. Thereafter, the elapsed time as the reference value is sequentially updated with the passage of time. The comparison result in the reference value control unit 218 is notified to the frequency control unit 220 and the broadcast information transmission unit 214.
- the frequency control unit 220 manages the frequency of its own node based on the comparison result from the reference value control unit 218 and the like. However, if the interface ID is used, frequency management is performed for each network interface.
- the communication device selects the frequency (reference frequency) to be used by the node when it is started or when entering the network. Various selection methods are conceivable, but one example is observing the usage status of available frequencies and selecting the least used frequency.
- the comparison result notified from the reference value control unit 218 indicates that the elapsed time of the own node is longer, communication using the reference frequency is permitted. On the other hand, if other nodes indicate that the elapsed time is longer, communication using the reference frequency is not permitted.
- the frequency controller 220 actually uses the reference frequency f.
- the frequency control unit 220 determines whether the adjacent node has a longer elapsed time and the own node is trying to use the frequency f (the reference frequency is f), it is not recognized and Nodes must communicate at frequency f. In this case, the frequency control unit 220
- the frequency used for actual communication (frequency used) is determined to be f, and the determined contents are
- the wave number is included in the broadcast information and forms part of information notified to other nodes.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for matching the used frequencies among a plurality of nodes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the downward vertical axis follows the flow of time.
- the arrow indicated by the broken line on the left side of the figure indicates the elapsed time ET1 that is counted or counted from the time node 1 starts up.
- the arrow indicated by the broken line on the right side in the figure indicates the elapsed time ET2 measured from the time node 2 starts up. This elapsed time also takes discrete values such as 0, 10, 20,. Node 1's reference frequency (the frequency we are going to use for communication) is initially set to f, which is at this point
- Node 2's reference frequency is set to f and Node 2
- the frequency used for force node 2 is f.
- node 1 the elapsed time is measured after startup, and the elapsed time ET1 increases as 0, 10,.
- Node 1 detects the presence of neighboring nodes.
- an active detection method as described in FIG. 4 is used (a passive detection method as shown in FIG. 3 may be used).
- the frequency is set to f.
- the elapsed time ET1 is also changed from 20 to 50 as the reference frequency is updated.
- the elapsed time at node 1 increases like 50, 60, 70,.
- the elapsed times of node 1 and node 2 can be synchronized.
- the nodes that will subsequently enter the network are either node 1 or node 2. You may adjust the frequency. Therefore, by appropriately updating the reference value, even if a newly joined node can communicate with node 2 even if it is in a location where the radio waves of node 1 do not reach, the frequency of nodes 1 and 2 should be matched. Can do.
- FIG. 6 shows a state transition diagram regarding the operation of the communication apparatus as shown in FIG. Regarding the present invention, “initial setting”, “standby”, “search for neighboring nodes”, “reference value comparison”, “reference value synchronization”, “reference frequency comparison”, “reference frequency synchronization” and “ The state illustrated as “notification of reference value” is assumed.
- the reference value and the reference frequency are initialized.
- the least recently used frequency in the neighborhood may be automatically selected as the initial reference frequency, or some frequency may be manually set as the reference frequency (manual setting).
- the reference frequency may be employed as it is as the frequency (usage frequency) that the node actually uses for communication, or a frequency different from the reference frequency may be employed as described later.
- a network ID that identifies the network and an interface ID that distinguishes the interface are set. If a node implements multiple wireless interfaces, the interface ID may be used so that the reference value and reference frequency can be set for each interface. After the initial setting, it shifts to the “standby” state.
- This state is the basic state between state transitions after initialization.
- the state transition from the “standby” state to the next state may be performed after a certain time has elapsed, or may be performed in response to some event.
- the node reaches this state after transitioning from the “standby” state. This transition is performed at a timing managed by a timer or when a request for searching for a neighboring node is received.
- the notification signal receiving unit 216 in FIG. 2 detects that the neighboring node is not detected, it returns to the “standby” state.
- the node obtains information such as the reference value, reference frequency, and interface ID of the neighboring node, and shifts to a “reference value comparison” state. Neighborhood
- the reference frequency of the node may be found by detecting the use frequency of the neighboring node, or may be extracted from the broadcast packet received from the neighboring node.
- the node transitions to the “reference value comparison” state, otherwise it returns to the “waiting” state. If the network ID is inserted in the broadcast packet and the network ID to which the own node belongs differs from the network ID obtained from the neighboring node, the neighboring node was not found. Since they are the same, the node transitions to a “standby” state.
- the reference value of the own node is compared with the detected reference value of the neighboring node, and one of them is selected (for example, a larger value is selected).
- transition to the “standby” state is performed.
- the transition to the “reference value synchronization” state is performed.
- the time when the node is activated may be used as the reference value.
- each node must have at least a configuration to know such time, and it is necessary to implement a clock (timer), GPS, etc.
- a clock timer
- GPS global positioning system
- the elapsed time from the start of each node may be used as the reference value.
- the frequency of the node that has been operating earlier can be prioritized.
- a timer that can be reset appropriately is required to measure the elapsed time.
- the timer can adjust the elapsed time according to the comparison result of the reference value control unit 218. Adjustment may include advancing or delaying the time just by resetting.
- (c) Unique identifier of each node
- a random number created by each node or a unique value (such as a MAC address) for each node may be used as a reference value.
- the reference value expressed in time may become the same value as a result of comparison, and it may happen that it is not clear which node frequency should be prioritized.
- priority between competing nodes can be clearly determined.
- Each node has a counter for managing the number of connected networks, and it is necessary to update the number of connected devices regularly or irregularly. For example, if there is network A to which 3 nodes are connected and network B to which 10 nodes are connected, and they are integrated, it is possible to give priority to the frequency used by network B. As a result, the number of nodes for changing the setting of the used frequency can be reduced as much as possible.
- the communication quality at the used frequency that is actually used for communication may be used as the reference value.
- the communication quality may be expressed by SIR, for example. By selecting frequencies that are less frequently used, it is possible to improve communication quality and use efficiency of communication resources.
- the communication quality may be measured regularly or irregularly.
- the reference frequency and the like are updated based on the difference in elapsed time. Therefore, if the elapsed time is the same, the reference frequency cannot be adjusted. To deal with this problem, it may be possible to use different reference values additionally or alternatively. For example, in addition to the elapsed time, a MAC address or a random value may be used as a reference value. If the absolute time or elapsed time is the same, either node can be given priority by comparing the MAC address and random number information. That is, the reference value may be expressed by the elapsed time and the MAC address (and Z or random number).
- time-related information is communicated between nodes, so the above-mentioned aspect conforms to such a standard. Desirable for communication equipment. Note that the combination of reference values is not limited to this, and an appropriate combination may be used.
- the reference value of the own node is matched with the reference value of another node (replaced or updated). After that, the node moves to the “reference frequency comparison” state.
- the reference frequency of the neighboring node and the reference frequency of its own node are compared. If they are different, a transition to the “reference frequency synchronization” state is made.
- the reference frequency of the own node is changed to the reference frequency of the other node. After that, the transition to the “standby” state takes place.
- the reference frequency is set as the use frequency, the use frequency is changed according to the change of the reference frequency. In this way, the reference frequency is changed by comparing the reference values.
- the change of the reference value and the frequency affects not only the communication environment of the node but also the communication environment of other nodes in the network, and should be made appropriately and carefully. From the standpoint of enhancing such security, it is desirable to examine whether or not the reference information broadcast from neighboring nodes is reliable, and to perform reference value control and frequency change processing after authentication.
- an authenticator may be added to the broadcast packet (Fig. 7). In this case, a notification packet including an authenticator is transmitted from one node to the other node, and authentication is performed at the other node. Then, a broadcast packet including an authenticator is transmitted from the other node to one node, and authentication is also performed at one node.
- the reference value and frequency may be changed according to the information in the broadcast packet after authentication by some authentication processing function unit (Fig. 8).
- the reference value and frequency may be updated each time a broadcast packet is received, or the reference value and the like may be updated after a certain time has elapsed. Les. In the former case, changes in the reference value and frequency may occur frequently, so high-speed processing is required. In the latter case, the frequency of updates such as frequency can be limited to a certain value or less to stabilize the operation. However, depending on the length of the waiting period, the reference value of the local node may change while waiting for a certain period of time (for example, the elapsed time ET may advance).
- the reference value of the own node when a broadcast packet is received, it is desirable to manage the reference value of the own node for each adjacent node at the time of reception. It should be noted that there is a possibility that the reference value may change during standby, regardless of the number of neighboring nodes. In addition, when waiting for a certain period of time, there is a possibility that broadcast packets indicating values (desired values, values) better than the reference value of the own node will be received from a plurality of nodes within a certain period of time. In this case, the node may change the reference value of its own node to a reference value indicating the best value among them.
- a node having some privilege may give another node an opportunity to change the frequency used in the network.
- the reference value when the elapsed time is used as the reference value, the reference frequency is changed to the desired frequency and a time longer than a certain value is forcibly passed. It is conceivable to notify the reference value to other nodes.
- the reference value and frequency used at the specific node are given priority. Conversely, by reporting to other nodes a time shorter than the elapsed time of any node (for example, the latest time or future time), the node that does not participate in the determination of the reference value or frequency, Even if you do it.
- This state follows the “standby” state.
- a request from a neighboring node is received, the period managed by the timer of the own node has expired, a notification request for a reference value is received, etc. Occur when the need arises.
- the node transmits a broadcast packet including the reference value, and thereafter transitions to the “standby” state again.
- Information such as quasi-frequency, usage frequency, network ID, and interface ID may be broadcast.
- one node has a plurality of radio interfaces (for example, IFa and IFb), different frequencies may be used between the radio interfaces in order to reduce the influence of radio wave interference between the radio interfaces. . Therefore, it is desirable to perform processing such as searching for neighboring nodes and managing reference values and frequencies for each wireless interface. For this reason, it is desirable for a node that implements multiple wireless interfaces to transmit a notification packet including an interface ID assigned to each wireless interface to neighboring nodes.
- the broadcast information receiving unit 216, the reference value control unit 218, the frequency control unit 220, and the like can manage the state and setting for each wireless interface based on the received ID. When there are multiple networks, communication is performed between nodes belonging to the same network.
- the network to which they belong is different, even if a node exists within the reach of radio waves, operations such as adjusting the frequency with that node are not performed. Therefore, when multiple networks exist, it is desirable that the network ID that distinguishes them be included in the notification packet. Therefore, when a certain node has a plurality of interfaces and a plurality of networks exist, the frequency and the like are managed for each interface with nodes belonging to the same network.
- FIG. 9 shows an overall view of an ad hoc network.
- each of the four node forces and two wireless interfaces A and B can be used.
- Wireless interfaces A and B are distinguished by interface identifiers IFa and IFb, respectively. Using these IDs, the frequency used in each radio interface is determined separately.
- All illustrated nodes:! To 4 belong to the same network. The frequency commonly used in the entire network is determined by the method described in Example 1. In the example shown in Fig. 9, the reference frequency and the used frequency of radio interface A of all nodes are set to f. Also, all nodes
- the reference frequency and operating frequency of wireless interface B are set to f.
- FIG. 10 also shows an overall view of the ad hoc network, and in this example, four node powers and two radio interfaces A and B can be used.
- the wireless interfaces of all nodes Ace A's reference and operating frequencies are set to f.
- the frequency f is the first example.
- the frequency used in radio interface B of node 1 and node 4 is set to f.
- the frequency f is
- the frequency f is the same as that described in Example 1.
- the frequency f is the same at all nodes.
- the frequency used by radio interface B of node 2 and node 3 is set to f.
- the frequency f is also determined by the method described in Example 1.
- Frequency f is used uniformly on all nodes
- the broadcast packet may include information indicating the use frequency f that goes only by the reference frequency f ij B.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP06715182A EP1863197B1 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2006-03-03 | Wireless communication apparatus and wireless communication method |
US11/908,307 US8233443B2 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2006-03-03 | Wireless communication apparatus and wireless communication method |
CN2006800079271A CN101138173B (zh) | 2005-03-11 | 2006-03-03 | 无线通信装置及无线通信方法 |
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JP2005-069607 | 2005-03-11 | ||
JP2005069607A JP4651419B2 (ja) | 2005-03-11 | 2005-03-11 | 無線通信装置及び無線通信方法 |
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PCT/JP2006/304099 WO2006095650A1 (ja) | 2005-03-11 | 2006-03-03 | 無線通信装置及び無線通信方法 |
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US (1) | US8233443B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1863197B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4651419B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR20070110359A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101138173B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006095650A1 (ja) |
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JP2010510730A (ja) * | 2006-11-17 | 2010-04-02 | カンテナ コミュニケーションズ,インコーポレイテッド | 多重アンテナを持つノードを伴ったメッシュ |
JP5306229B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-16 | 2013-10-02 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェ | 混合型の指向性端末の装置発見 |
KR101450774B1 (ko) * | 2007-02-21 | 2014-10-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 무선랜에서의 자기 스캔을 통한 중복 ssid 검출 방법및 그 시스템 |
EP1973277A1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-09-24 | NTT DoCoMo, Inc. | Method and apparatus for real time scheduling of traffic in wireless networks |
JP4847928B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-13 | 2011-12-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | 端末、通信システム、通信方法、プログラムおよび記録媒体 |
US9338597B2 (en) | 2007-12-06 | 2016-05-10 | Suhayya Abu-Hakima | Alert broadcasting to unconfigured communications devices |
JP5509802B2 (ja) | 2009-11-13 | 2014-06-04 | ソニー株式会社 | 無線通信システム、無線通信装置、無線通信方法、およびプログラム |
US8953516B2 (en) * | 2010-03-04 | 2015-02-10 | The Chamberlain Group, Inc. | Facilitating asynchronous transmissions using a protocol having asynchronous and synchronous portions |
JP5351836B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-01 | 2013-11-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 無線通信装置および無線通信システム |
JP2013003661A (ja) * | 2011-06-13 | 2013-01-07 | Sony Corp | 情報処理装置、サーバ装置、情報処理方法及びプログラム |
JP2018023011A (ja) * | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-08 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 通信装置及び通信システム |
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US6982644B2 (en) * | 2002-05-09 | 2006-01-03 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Safety device |
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JP2005322982A (ja) * | 2004-05-06 | 2005-11-17 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 周波数同期ネットワーク及び時刻同期ネットワーク、周波数同期方法及び時刻同期方法、ならびに通信局 |
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- 2005-03-11 JP JP2005069607A patent/JP4651419B2/ja active Active
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2006
- 2006-03-03 EP EP06715182A patent/EP1863197B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-03 KR KR1020077020843A patent/KR20070110359A/ko active Application Filing
- 2006-03-03 WO PCT/JP2006/304099 patent/WO2006095650A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2006-03-03 US US11/908,307 patent/US8233443B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-03 CN CN2006800079271A patent/CN101138173B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2004147015A (ja) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-20 | Canon Inc | 無線通信装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1863197B1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
JP4651419B2 (ja) | 2011-03-16 |
CN101138173A (zh) | 2008-03-05 |
KR101024945B1 (ko) | 2011-03-31 |
JP2006254209A (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
US8233443B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
EP1863197A4 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
US20090268663A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
KR20070110359A (ko) | 2007-11-16 |
KR20100029860A (ko) | 2010-03-17 |
EP1863197A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
CN101138173B (zh) | 2011-04-06 |
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