WO2006070698A1 - スイッチング素子、スイッチング素子の駆動方法及び製造方法、集積回路装置並びにメモリ素子 - Google Patents
スイッチング素子、スイッチング素子の駆動方法及び製造方法、集積回路装置並びにメモリ素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006070698A1 WO2006070698A1 PCT/JP2005/023656 JP2005023656W WO2006070698A1 WO 2006070698 A1 WO2006070698 A1 WO 2006070698A1 JP 2005023656 W JP2005023656 W JP 2005023656W WO 2006070698 A1 WO2006070698 A1 WO 2006070698A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/24—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies
- H10N70/245—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors based on migration or redistribution of ionic species, e.g. anions, vacancies the species being metal cations, e.g. programmable metallization cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- H10B99/10—Memory cells having a cross-point geometry
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/20—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors
- H10N70/253—Multistable switching devices, e.g. memristors having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistor-like devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/821—Device geometry
- H10N70/823—Device geometry adapted for essentially horizontal current flow, e.g. bridge type devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N70/00—Solid-state devices having no potential barriers, and specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
- H10N70/801—Constructional details of multistable switching devices
- H10N70/841—Electrodes
- H10N70/8416—Electrodes adapted for supplying ionic species
Definitions
- Switching element switching element driving method and manufacturing method, integrated circuit device, and memory element
- the present invention relates to a switching element used in an integrated circuit or the like, a driving method and manufacturing method of the switching element, an integrated circuit device, and a memory element.
- ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
- the arrangement of cells logical circuits such as AND circuits and ⁇ R circuits
- the connection between cells are performed in the manufacturing process, so the circuit configuration must be changed after manufacturing. I can't.
- programmable logic circuits include FPGA (Field—Programmable uate Array) DRP (Dynamically Reconfigurable Processor).
- a logic cell refers to a logic circuit that is a unit for assembling a programmable logic circuit.
- the programmable logic circuit connects a plurality of logic cells to each other by switching elements.
- the size of the switching elements that connect each other is large and the on-resistance is large. Therefore, in conventional programmable logic circuits, it is possible to reduce the number of switching elements with large sizes and large on-resistance as much as possible. As many transistors as possible and logic cells were used, and the number of logic cells and the number of switching elements connected between the logic cells were reduced.
- switching element As a switching element that satisfies these requirements, a switching element that utilizes a metal ion conduction phenomenon in an ionic conductor (a solid in which ions can move freely in the interior) and an electrochemical reaction (hereinafter referred to as "switching element") have been proposed (see, for example, JP-A-2002-076325 and JP-A-2002-536840).
- a metal atom transfer switching element is smaller in size and smaller in on-resistance than a semiconductor switching element (such as a MOSFET) that has been often used in conventional programmable logic.
- This metal atom transfer switching element is roughly divided into two types as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- FIG. 1A shows a gap-type metal atom transfer switching element
- FIG. 1B shows a gapless-type metal atom transfer switching element
- 1A and 1B are both 2-terminal metal atom transfer switching elements.
- FIG. 1A shows a gap-type metal atom transfer switching element (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-076325), an ion conducting portion made of an ion conductor (Ag S), and a metal ion to the ion conducting portion.
- a two-terminal type metal atom transfer switching element having a first electrode (Pt) formed with a gap between the electrode (Ag) and the ion conducting portion (FIG. 1A and materials of the above-mentioned parts) Is an example).
- the metal (Ag) of the second electrode is correspondingly oxidized and melts into the ionic conduction part as metal ions (Ag +), so that the positive and negative ions in the ionic conduction part are balanced. Is maintained.
- the metal (Ag) deposited on the surface of the ion conducting part grows and contacts the first electrode (Pt), the switching element becomes conductive (see the left figure in Fig. 1A).
- the ion conductor is formed to have a large contact area with the second electrode and be relatively thin.
- a gapless type metal atom transfer switching element shown in FIG. 1B includes an ion conducting portion made of an ion conductor (Cu 2 S) and a gold conducting portion in the ion conducting portion.
- a second ion formed in contact with the ion conducting part supplying a metal ion (Cu +) or receiving a metal ion (Cu +) from the ion conducting part and depositing a metal (Cu) corresponding to the metal ion.
- This is a two-terminal type metal atom transfer switching element having an electrode (Cu) and a first electrode (Ti) formed in contact with the ion conducting part (FIG. 1B and the materials of the above parts are examples) ).
- the ion conductor (Cu S) in the ion conduction part is softer than the first electrode (Ti).
- the deposited metal (Cu) grows toward the second electrode (Cu) in the ion conduction part. To go. When the deposited metal (Cu) comes into contact with the second electrode (Cu), the switching element becomes conductive (see the left figure in Fig. 1B).
- the two types of metal atom transfer switching elements shown in Figs. 1A and 1B have the above differences in configuration and operation, but the metal atoms of the second electrode are precipitated by the electrochemical reaction. This is common in that it moves between the first electrode and the second electrode as an object and connects the first electrode and the second electrode (when in a conductive (on) state) to form a metal wiring.
- the two types of metal atom transfer switching elements shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B are both two-terminal metal atom transfer switching elements. Such a two-terminal metal atom transfer switching device has a problem of low resistance to electoric port migration.
- Elect mouth migration refers to a phenomenon in which metal atoms in a metal wiring move by colliding with electrons flowing through the metal wiring. If a current with a current density of a certain level or more continues to flow through the metal wiring in a high-temperature environment, serious problems such as disconnection of the metal wiring will occur due to the movement of metal atoms due to electo-port migration.
- the metal atoms transferred as precipitates from the second electrode to the first electrode by the electrochemical reaction are transferred from the first electrode to the second electrode.
- This is a metal wiring for connecting the electrodes.
- it is necessary to increase the amount of precipitates to make the metal wiring thicker and to reduce the current density flowing through the metal wiring.
- an object of the present invention is to perform switching with high electoric port migration resistance by making it possible to easily control the amount of precipitates that become metal wiring for connecting the first electrode and the second electrode.
- An element, a switching element driving method and manufacturing method, an integrated circuit device, and a memory element are provided.
- the switching element of the present invention is newly provided with a third electrode for controlling the amount of precipitates. That is, the switching element of the present invention is a three-terminal metal atom transfer switching element. Furthermore, the switching element of the present invention is a three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element based on the gap type metal atom transfer switching element shown in FIG. 1A.
- the switching element of the present invention includes an ion conductive portion including an ionic conductor in which metal ions can freely move, and a first gap formed between the ion conductive portion and the first gap.
- 1 electrode and a second electrode formed in contact with the ion conducting portion for supplying metal ions to the ion conductor or receiving metal ions from the ion conductor and depositing metal corresponding to the metal ions.
- an ion conducting portion and a third electrode formed with a second gap see FIG. 1A).
- the metal of the second electrode is oxidized and melted into the ion conduction part as metal ions, so that the balance of positive and negative ions in the ion conduction part is maintained.
- the switching element becomes conductive (ON).
- the third electrode is provided, and the voltage applied to the third electrode is controlled to connect the first electrode and the second electrode. Controlling the thickness of the metal wiring made of a material has the effect of preventing electo port migration, which has been a problem with 2-terminal metal atom transfer switching elements.
- the switching element of the present invention is based on the gap type metal atom transfer switching element, the following effects are obtained.
- the gap type metal atom transfer switching element is easier to adjust the switching voltage (voltage required to switch between the on state and the off state) than the gapless type metal atom transfer switching element. This is because the material force between the first electrode and the second electrode is limited to an ion conductor in the gear-pressed metal atom transfer switching element, whereas in the gap type metal atom transfer switching element, vacuum, gas, It is the power that can select an insulator. In addition, the degree of freedom in structural design between the first electrode and the second electrode is high. This reason also applies to the three-terminal type as it is, and the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention has a higher voltage applied to the first electrode and the first electrode than the three-terminal gapless type metal atom transfer switching element.
- the switching voltage can be easily adjusted by the voltage applied to the third electrode, there is an effect.
- the ionic conductivity of the ionic conductor between the first electrode and the second electrode is large, and the energy required for the electrochemical reaction of the ionic conductor is small.
- the switching voltage tends to be too small. Therefore, matching with the operating voltage level of the existing integrated circuit device becomes a problem.
- the factor that determines the switching voltage is not the energy required for ionic conductivity or electrochemical reaction, but the energy that excites the electrons that reduce the metal ions in the ionic conductor. This reason also applies to the three-terminal type, and the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention differs from the three-terminal gapless type metal atom transfer switching element in that the voltage applied to the first electrode and the third The problem that the switching voltage applied to the other electrode becomes too low is unlikely to occur.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration and operation of a two-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing the configuration and operation of a two-terminal gapless metal atom transfer switching element.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a precipitate that becomes a metal wiring grows between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing an example of a driving method of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element shown in FIG. 2A, in which a negative voltage is applied to the first electrode with reference to the second electrode.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which precipitates that become metal wiring grow between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an example of a driving method of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element shown in FIG. 1A, and when a negative voltage is applied to the third electrode with respect to the second electrode, the metal wiring It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that becomes thick.
- FIG. 4A A side view showing the manufacturing process of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- 5A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the second embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing a state where precipitates that become metal wiring grow between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 6A A schematic view showing the configuration of the third embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram showing a state where precipitates that become metal wiring grow between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 7A A schematic view showing the configuration of the fourth embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which precipitates that become metal wiring grow between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the fifth embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- FIG. 8B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which precipitates serving as metal wiring grow between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 8A.
- FIG. 9A A schematic view showing the configuration of the sixth embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- FIG. 9B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which precipitates serving as metal wiring grow between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 9A.
- FIG. 10A A schematic view showing the configuration of the seventh embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which precipitates serving as metal wiring grow between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 10A.
- FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the eighth embodiment of the three-terminal gap metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a precipitate that becomes a metal wiring grows between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 11A.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention has a first gap between an ion conductive portion including an ion conductor that allows metal ions to move freely inside the ion conductive portion.
- a metal ion is received from the ionic conductor and a metal corresponding to the metal ion is deposited.
- a three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element having a second electrode formed in contact with the ion conducting portion and a third electrode arranged with a second gap between the ion conducting portion It is.
- the first gap provided between the ion conducting portion and the first electrode, and the second gap provided between the ion conducting portion and the third electrode.
- This is an example of a gap filled with vacuum or gas.
- the electrons that reach the surface of the ion conducting portion to reduce the metal ions contained in the ion conductor and deposit the metal are electrons that have passed through the energy barrier of the first gap or the second gap.
- the first gap provided between the ion conducting portion and the first electrode, and the second gap provided between the ion conducting portion and the third electrode.
- This is an example of providing an insulator in the gap.
- Electrons that precipitate the genus are electrons that have passed through the energy barrier of the first gap or the second gap, electrons that have been thermally excited in the insulator, or electrons generated by impurities or defects in the insulator. is there.
- the metal atom transfer switching element shown in the first embodiment or the second embodiment grows on the surface of the ion conducting portion. This is an example further having a component for limiting the direction in which the precipitates extend to the first electrode direction.
- a block layer made of a dense and hard material is provided on the surface of the ion conductive portion on the third electrode side, and the growth is performed on the surface of the ion conductive portion.
- the direction in which the precipitate extends is limited to the direction of the first electrode.
- the thickness of the gap provided between the ion conducting portion and the third electrode is set to the other portion at the first electrode side portion of the ion conducting portion.
- the electric field strength formed by the voltage applied to the third electrode with the second electrode as a reference is the strongest at the portion where this gap is thin.
- the extending direction of the precipitate growing on the surface of the ion conducting portion is limited to the direction of the first electrode.
- the fifth embodiment is an example in which insulators are provided in the first gap and the second gap, as in the second embodiment.
- the insulator has a lower resistivity than the other parts at the part between the ion conducting part and the first electrode. In this way, when a negative voltage is applied to the third electrode with respect to the second electrode, the electrons that reach the surface of the ion conducting part are concentrated on the first electrode side of the ion conducting part.
- the extending direction of the precipitate growing on the surface of the conductive portion can be limited to the first electrode direction.
- the direction in which precipitates grown on the surface of the ion conducting portion extend.
- the first and second electrodes are directly connected to the component for limiting the first electrode direction to the first electrode by a metal wiring made of precipitates that passes through an ionic conductive part having a lower electrical conductivity than the metal. This is an example of further including a component for reducing the on-resistance.
- the second electrode made of a dense and hard metal is laminated on the surface of the ion conductive portion on the third electrode side.
- the ion conducting portion is laminated on the second electrode, and the block layer made of a dense and hard material on the third electrode side surface of the ion conducting portion. Form. This prevents precipitates growing on the surface of the ion conducting portion from extending in the third electrode direction and limits the direction in which the precipitates extend in the first electrode direction.
- the precipitate deposited on the surface of the ion conducting portion grows and comes into contact with the second electrode. As a result, the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected without passing through the ion conducting portion, and the on-resistance is reduced.
- an ion conducting part including an ion conductor in which metal ions can freely move, and an ion conducting part on the ion conducting part are in contact with each other.
- the formed first electrode and the first electrode are arranged on the ion conductive portion at a predetermined distance from each other.
- a second electrode formed in contact with the ion conducting portion, supplying the metal ions to the ion conductor, or receiving the metal ions from the ion conductor and depositing a metal corresponding to the metal ions.
- a third electrode formed with a gap between the ion conducting portion and a third terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the eighth embodiment differs from the metal atom transfer switching elements shown in the first to seventh embodiments in that the first electrode is an ion conducting portion. It is the structure which is contacting. However, since the first electrode and the second electrode are formed with a predetermined distance on the ion conducting portion, the metal wiring connecting the first electrode and the second electrode The precipitate formed between the first electrode and the second electrode is not formed inside the ion conducting portion as in the gapless metal atom transfer switching element. Formed on the surface of the ion conducting part.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the eighth embodiment can be regarded as a gap-type metal atom transfer switching element, although the first electrode is in contact with the ion conducting portion.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2B is a diagram between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 2A. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that the precipitate used as metal wiring grows.
- an ion conductive portion 4 made of an ion conductor (Cu S) is formed on an insulating substrate 6 (SiO).
- the second electrode 2 is formed on the substrate 6.
- a first electrode 1 is formed on the substrate 6 so as to have a first gap between the substrate 6 and the ion conductive portion 4.
- a third electrode 3 is formed on the substrate 6 with a second gap between the ion conductive portion 4 and the substrate 6. The first gap and the second gap are part of the gap 5, respectively.
- the gap 5 may be filled with a gas or a vacuum.
- the thickness of the first gap and the second gap is about 1 nm to 10 nm.
- the ion conductors of the ion conduction part 4 include Cu S, chalcogen elements (0, S, Se, Te) and
- Metal compounds, insulators containing silicon (silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride)
- perovskite oxides (AB0, A: Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B: Ti).
- Examples of the metal of the second electrode 2 include Cu, Ag, and Pb.
- Materials of the first electrode 1 and the third electrode 3 include Pt, refractory metals (W, Ti, Ta, Mo), silicide (titanium silicide, conol silicide, molybdenum silicide) and the like. Next, the operation of the metal atom migration switching element of the first embodiment will be described.
- the metal atom transfer switching element When the metal deposited on the surface of the ion conducting portion 4 grows and comes into contact with the first electrode 1, the metal atom transfer switching element is turned on (see FIG. 2B). On the other hand, when a positive voltage is applied to the first electrode 1 with respect to the second electrode 2, an electrochemical reaction exactly opposite to the above proceeds. As a result, the deposited metal is dissolved and separated from the first electrode 1, and the metal atom transfer switching element is cut off (the above operation is performed by the two-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switch shown in FIG. 11A). This is basically the same as the operation of the switching element).
- the operation when a negative voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 with respect to the second electrode 2 or when a positive voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 with respect to the second electrode 2 is also fundamental. Is the same. At this time, even after the metal wiring composed of the precipitate 7 shown in FIG. 3B electrically connects the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2, the third wiring with reference to the second electrode 2 is used. If a voltage is applied to the electrode 3, the amount of the precipitate 7 and the thickness of the metal wiring depending on it can be controlled. This is because the voltage applied to the third electrode 3 does not contribute much to increasing the current flowing in the metal wiring connecting the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2, and the amount of the precipitate 7 is reduced. This is because it contributes to an increase.
- the metal wiring made of the precipitate 7 can be thickened, and the electoric port migration resistance is improved. I can do it.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing an example of a driving method of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element shown in FIG. 2A, in which a negative voltage is applied to the first electrode with reference to the second electrode. Schematic diagram showing how precipitates that become metal wiring grow between the first electrode and the second electrode It is.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an example of a driving method of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element shown in FIG. 1A. A negative voltage is applied to the third electrode based on the second electrode. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that metal wiring becomes thick when it does.
- the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 are connected by a precipitate 7.
- a negative voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 with respect to the second electrode 2 to promote the growth of the precipitate 7, and the metal wiring made of the precipitate 7 is thickened. To do.
- a negative voltage or a positive voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 with respect to the second electrode 2 and bringing the precipitate 7 into contact with the first electrode 1 or away from the first electrode 1, Controls the on / off operation of the mobile switching element.
- the precipitate 7 is grown by applying a negative voltage to the first electrode 1 with respect to the second electrode 2, but the precipitate 7 is the first electrode 1. If it is guaranteed to grow only in the direction, the precipitate 7 may be grown by applying a negative voltage to the third electrode 3 based on the second electrode 2.
- the third to seventh embodiments which will be described later, a configuration is employed in which the growth of precipitates is limited to the first electrode direction. Therefore, if these configurations are adopted, the method of growing the precipitate 7 by applying a negative voltage to the third electrode 3 with respect to the second electrode 2 becomes effective.
- the eighth embodiment described later shows a method for limiting the growth of precipitates between the first electrode and the second electrode. A method of growing the precipitate 7 by applying a negative voltage to the third electrode 3 with respect to the electrode 2 becomes effective.
- a photoresist is applied on the substrate 1 (SiO 2), and is irradiated with ultraviolet rays and developed.
- the ion conduction part 4 (Cu S) with a thickness of about lnm to 100nm is
- a second electrode 2 (Cu) having a thickness of about lnm to about OOnm is formed. Note that a distance of about 1 nm to: Onm is provided between the ion conduction part 4 and the first electrode 1 (to form the first gap). Next, cover the ion conducting part 4, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2. A resist pattern is provided. At this time, the resist is formed on the ion conductive portion 4 so as to have a thickness of about 1 nm to 10 nm (for forming the second gap).
- the third electrode 3 is formed on this resist.
- the resist is removed using an organic solvent such as acetone to thereby remove the first gap between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 and the ion conducting portion 4 and the third electrode 3.
- a second gap is formed between them.
- the first gap and the second gap (gap 5) may be filled with a gas such as air.
- FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show a manufacturing procedure for forming the first gap between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 with a desired thickness.
- a Pt film to be the first electrode 1 is grown on the substrate 6 by about lOOnm by sputtering or the like (FIG. 4A (a)).
- the first electrode 1 is formed by processing the Pt film using a lithography technique and a dry etching technique.
- an insulating film 9 SiO 2 is grown on the entire surface of the substrate 6 including the first electrode 1 by about lOnm (FIG. 4A (b)).
- the insulating film 9 is removed leaving only the side wall portion of the first electrode 1 (FIG. 4A (c)).
- an ion conductor film 10 (Cu 2 S) is grown on the substrate 6 to a thickness of about 50 nm so as to cover the first electrode 1 by using a laser ablation method (FIG. 4A (d) )
- the ion conductor film 10 is removed leaving only the portion of the insulating film 9 remaining on the side wall of the first electrode 1 (FIG. 4A (e)). At this time, the ion conductor membrane force ion conducting portion 4 shown on the right side of FIG. 4A (e) is obtained.
- the second electrode 2 made of a Cu film having a thickness of about 50 nm is formed using a lift-off method.
- an insulating film 11 (S ⁇ ) having a thickness of about 20 nm is grown on the entire surface of the substrate 6 so as to cover the first electrode 1 and the like (FIG. 4B (g)).
- a Pt film having a thickness of about lOOnm is formed so as to cover the insulating film 11, and this Pt film is covered by using a lithography technique and a dry etching technique to form a third electrode. 3 is formed (Fig. 4B (h)).
- the insulating film 9 and the insulating film 11 are removed using a wet etching method to form the gap 5 (FIG. 4B (i)).
- the gap 5 may be filled with gas.
- the thickness of the first gap between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 is the thickness of the insulating film 9 formed in the step shown in FIG. 4A (b). Therefore, the thickness of the first gap can be easily controlled.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the second embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention
- FIG. 5B is a diagram between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 5A. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that the precipitate used as metal wiring grows.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the first embodiment has a configuration in which the gap 5 is filled with vacuum or gas.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the second embodiment has the gap 5 is provided with an insulator (for example, resist or SiO). like this
- the difference in configuration causes the following difference in the operation of the metal atom transfer switching element. That is, in the first embodiment, when a negative voltage is applied to the first electrode 1 or the third electrode 3 with respect to the second electrode 2, the metal ions contained in the ion conducting portion 4 are changed. The electrons that reach the surface of the ion conduction part 4 for reduction are electrons that have passed through the energy barrier of the first gap or the second gap (tunneling).
- the second embodiment since an insulator (solid) is provided in the gap 5, it reaches the surface of the ion conducting part 4 in order to reduce metal ions contained in the ion conducting part 4.
- the electrons are not limited to electrons that are transmitted (tunneled) through the energy barrier of the gap, but include electrons that are thermally excited in the insulator and electrons generated by impurities and defects in the insulator (where the insulator and Refers to materials with a separated band gap, including semiconductors).
- the thickness of the first gap and the second gap needs to be as thin as the first embodiment. There is no.
- the thickness of the first gap and the second gap is about lnm to: OOOOnm.
- the method for manufacturing a metal atom transfer switching element of the second embodiment simply omits the step of removing the insulator (FIG. 4B (i)) among the steps shown in the first embodiment. Can be realized.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention is a gap type metal atom transfer switching element, so the materials filled in the gap 5 are compared. Can be changed freely. Therefore, it has the effects as described below.
- the gap type metal atom transfer switching element is easier to adjust the switching voltage (voltage required to switch between the on state and the off state) than the gapless type metal atom transfer switching element. This is because the material between the first electrode and the second electrode is limited to an ionic conductor in the gapless metal atom transfer switching element, whereas in the gap metal atom transfer switching element, a vacuum, This is because the degree of freedom in structural design between the first electrode and the second electrode is high because it can be selected from gases, insulators, and the like. This reason also applies to the three-terminal type as it is, and the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention is applied to the first electrode or the third electrode rather than the three-terminal gapless type metal atom transfer switching element. It is easy to adjust the switching voltage.
- gapless metal atom transfer switching element since the ionic conductivity of the ionic conductor between the first electrode and the second electrode is large, the energy required for the electrochemical reaction in the ionic conductor is small. The switching voltage tends to be too small, and matching with the operating voltage of existing integrated circuit devices is a problem. On the other hand, gap-type metal atom transfer switching elements are unlikely to cause such problems. This is because, in a gap-type metal atom transfer switching element, the factor that determines the switching voltage is the energy that excites the electrons that reduce the metal ions of the ionic conductor rather than the energy required for ion conductivity and electrochemical reaction. It is.
- the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention is applied to the first electrode or the third electrode, unlike the three-terminal gap-press type metal atom transfer switching element.
- the problem that the switching voltage is too low is unlikely to occur.
- the insulator of the gap 5 is an ion conducting part.
- SiN which has lower ionic conductivity than SiO, is used for gap 5.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the third embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention
- FIG. 6B is a diagram between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 6A. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that the precipitate used as metal wiring grows.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the third embodiment is the first in that a block layer 8 is formed on the surface of the ion conductive portion 4 on the third electrode 3 side. This is different from the metal atom transfer switching element shown in the embodiment.
- the block layer 8 it is preferable to use a material that is dense and firm like SiO.
- Such a difference causes the following difference in operation of the metal atom transfer switching element. That is, since the block layer 8 is made of a dense and hard material, the precipitate 7 does not extend in the direction of the third electrode 3 without growing on the block layer 8 side of the ion conductive portion 4. As a result, the direction in which the precipitate extends is limited to the direction from the ion conducting portion 4 to the first electrode 1.
- the manufacturing method of the metal atom transfer switching element according to the third embodiment includes a step of forming the ion conducting portion 4 (lift-off method) shown in FIG. 4A (e) and a step shown in FIG. 4B (f).
- a step of forming the block layer 8 using the lift-off method may be added between the formation of the second electrode 2 (lift-off method).
- metal atom transfer switching element of the third embodiment may also be provided with an insulator in the gap 5 as in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the fourth embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention
- FIG. 7B is a diagram between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 7A. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that the precipitate used as metal wiring grows.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the fourth embodiment is an ion
- the thickness of the gap 5 provided between the conduction part 4 and the third electrode 3 is formed thinner at the first electrode 1 side part of the ion conduction part 4 than at the other parts. That is, the first gap is formed thinner than the other portions including the thickness force S of the portion corresponding to the portion between the ion conductive portion 4 and the first electrode 1 and the second gap. Therefore, the third electrode 3 is different from the metal atom transfer switching element of the first embodiment in that the third electrode 3 is formed in a convex shape at a thin part of the gap 5.
- Such a difference causes the following difference in operation of the metal atom transfer switching element. That is, when a negative voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 with respect to the second electrode 2, the electric field generated by the gate voltage is particularly strong in the first gap between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1. Become. Therefore, many electrons that reduce metal ions in the vicinity of the surface of the ion conductor reach the surface of the ion conducting portion 4 on the first electrode 1 side. As a result, the direction in which the precipitate 7 extends is limited to the direction from the ion conductive portion 4 to the first electrode 1 (see FIG. 7B).
- the precipitate 7 extends in the direction of the third electrode 3 and contacts the third electrode 3. Further, as described above, this is convenient when a driving method in which a voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 based on the second electrode 2 is adopted.
- the step of covering the resist (or insulating film) that becomes the gap 5 in a convex shape is the step shown in FIG. 4B (g).
- the manufacturing method of the metal atom transfer switching element of the fourth embodiment will be described taking the case where the gap 5 is provided with a resist as an example, but the same applies to the case of an insulating film.
- a first resist pattern is formed, and a second resist pattern is formed thereon. Then, the second resist at the first gap portion between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 is removed.
- the force resist arene is used as the first resist pattern
- the novolac resist is used as the second resist pattern, so that the second resist pattern can be used in an alkaline aqueous solution without destroying the first resist pattern.
- This resist pattern can be formed.
- the third electrode 3 is formed thereon, thereby forming the third electrode 3 having a convex shape at the first gap portion between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1. it can.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the fourth embodiment may be provided with an insulator in the gap 5 like the metal atom transfer switching element of the second embodiment.
- the block layer 4 shown in the third embodiment may be formed on the surface of the ion conductive portion 4 on the third electrode 3 side.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the fifth embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention
- FIG. 8B is a diagram between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 8A. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that the precipitate used as metal wiring grows.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the fifth embodiment includes a low-resistance insulating material 5b in the first gap between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1, and the gap The other parts of 5 are provided with high-resistance insulating material 5a. That is, the metal atom transfer switching according to the first embodiment is configured such that the insulator provided for the gap 5 has a smaller resistivity at the portion between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 than at the other portions. It is different from the element.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the fifth embodiment includes an insulator in the gap 5 as in the second embodiment, the thicknesses of the first gap and the second gap are About 1 to 1 OOnm is sufficient.
- Such a difference causes the following difference in operation of the metal atom transfer switching element. That is, when a negative voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 with respect to the second electrode 2, electrons that reduce metal ions in the vicinity of the surface of the ion conductor are transferred to the first gap provided with the low-resistance insulating material 5b. Therefore, most of them reach the first electrode 1 side surface of the ion conducting part 4 and do not reach the third electrode 3 side surface of the ion conducting part 4 having the high resistance insulating material 5a so much. ,. As a result, the direction in which the precipitate 7 extends is limited to the direction from the ion conducting portion 4 to the first electrode 1 (see FIG. 8B).
- the metal atom transfer switching element for example, the precipitate 7 extends in the direction of the third electrode 3 and contacts the third electrode 3. Further, as described above, this is convenient when a driving method in which a voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 based on the second electrode 2 is employed.
- the manufacturing method of the metal atom transfer switching element of the fifth embodiment has a gap of 5.
- the process for forming the resist (or insulating film) is changed from the process shown in FIG. 4B (g).
- the manufacturing method of the metal atom transfer switching element of the fifth embodiment will be described by taking the case where a resist is provided in the gap 5 as an example, but the same applies to the case of an insulating film.
- a photoresist (which becomes the high-resistance material 5a) is applied to the entire surface, and a region other than the switching element is used using a photolithography technique. Then, the photoresist at the portion forming the first gap between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 is removed.
- a conductive resist (being a low-resistance material 5b) is applied to the entire surface, and the conductive resist in a region other than the switching element is removed using a photolithography technique. Thereafter, the third electrode 3 is formed.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the fifth embodiment may also have the block layer shown in the third embodiment formed on the surface of the ion conductive portion 4 on the third electrode 3 side.
- the thickness of the portion corresponding to the gap between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 is set to be larger than that of other portions including the second gap. You may form thinly.
- FIG. 9A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the sixth embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention
- FIG. 9B is a diagram between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 9A. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that the precipitate used as metal wiring grows.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the sixth embodiment is the first in that the second electrode 2 is formed on the surface of the ion conducting portion 4 on the third electrode 3 side. This is different from the metal atom transfer switching element of the embodiment.
- Such a difference causes a difference in operation of the metal atom transfer switching element as follows.
- the second electrode 2 is made of a dense and hard material such as Cu, the precipitate 7 does not grow toward the inside of the second electrode 2.
- the direction in which the precipitate 7 extends is limited to the direction from the ion conducting portion 4 to the first electrode 1.
- the metal atom transfer switching element for example, the precipitate 7 extends in the direction of the third electrode 3 and contacts the third electrode 3.
- a driving method in which a voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 with the second electrode 2 as a reference is adopted. This is convenient for use.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the sixth embodiment since the second electrode 2 is laminated on the ion conduction part 4, the ion conduction part 4 is directed to the first electrode 1.
- the metal wiring composed of the precipitates 7 grown becomes thicker, it comes into contact with the second electrode 2 as shown in FIG. 9B.
- the ionic conductor of the ionic conduction part 4 has a lower electrical conductivity than metal. Therefore, the on-resistance is smaller when the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are directly connected by the metal wiring made of the precipitate 7 than when the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are connected via the ion conducting portion 4. Considering that the reduction of on-resistance has been particularly required for switching elements in order to diversify programmable logic functions and promote implementation in electronic devices, etc. (see Background Art) ), A very important effect.
- the second electrode 2 is ionized in the step of forming the second electrode 2 shown in Fig. 4B (f). Formed on conductive part 4 using lift-off method.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the sixth embodiment may include an insulator in the gap 5 as in the second embodiment. Further, in the first gap shown in the fourth embodiment, the thickness of the portion corresponding to the portion between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 is set to be larger than that of other portions including the second gap. A configuration in which the resistivity of the insulator is made smaller in the portion between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 than in other portions shown in the fifth embodiment, which may be formed thinly, may be used.
- FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the seventh embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention
- FIG. 10B is a diagram between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 10A. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that the precipitate used as metal wiring grows.
- the ion conduction part 4 is formed on the second electrode 2 and the ion conduction part 4
- the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a block layer 8 is formed on the surface of the electrode 3 side. It is preferable to use a dense and hard material such as SiO for the blocking layer 8. [0123] Such a difference in configuration causes the following difference in operation of the metal atom transfer switching element. That is, the block layer 8 is formed of a dense and hard material such as SiO.
- the precipitate 7 does not grow toward the inside of the block layer 8. As a result, the direction in which the precipitate 7 extends is limited to the direction from the ion conducting portion 4 to the first electrode 1.
- the metal atom transfer switching element for example, the precipitate 7 extends in the direction of the third electrode 3 and contacts the third electrode 3. Further, as described above, this is convenient when a driving method in which a voltage is applied to the third electrode 3 based on the second electrode 2 is employed.
- the ion conduction part 4 is laminated on the second electrode 2, the ion conduction part 4 is directed to the first electrode 1.
- the metal wiring composed of the growing precipitate 7 becomes thick, it comes into contact with the second electrode 2 as shown in FIG. 10B.
- the ionic conductor of the ionic conduction part 4 has a lower electrical conductivity than metal. Therefore, it is better to connect the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 directly with a metal wiring made of the precipitate 7 without passing through the ion conducting part 4 than to connect through the ion conducting part 4. Becomes smaller. Reduction of on-resistance is very important considering the special requirements for switching elements to diversify the functions of programmable logic and promote implementation in electronic devices (see background art). Effect.
- the manufacturing method of the metal atom transfer switching element according to the seventh embodiment includes the step of forming the second electrode 2 using the lift-off method shown in FIG. 4B (f) and the method shown in FIG. 4A (e).
- the order of the formation process of the ion conduction part 4 using the lift-off method may be reversed, and a process of forming the block layer 8 on the ion conduction part 4 using the lift-off method may be added.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the seventh embodiment may also include an insulator in the gap 5 as in the second embodiment. Further, in the first gap shown in the fourth embodiment, the thickness of the portion corresponding to the portion between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 is set to be larger than that of other portions including the second gap. A configuration in which the resistivity of the insulator is made smaller in the portion between the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 than in other portions shown in the fifth embodiment, which may be formed thinly, may be used. [0129] (Eighth embodiment)
- FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the eighth embodiment of the three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention
- FIG. 11B is a diagram between the first electrode and the second electrode shown in FIG. 11A. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that the precipitate used as metal wiring grows.
- an ion conductive portion 4 made of an ion conductor (Cu S) is formed on an insulating substrate 6 (SiO).
- a metal ion (Cu +) is supplied to the first electrode 1 (Pt) and the ion conduction part 4 on the on-conduction part 4, or a metal ion (Cu +) is received from the ion conduction part 4 and corresponds to this metal ion.
- the second electrode 2 (Cu) for depositing metal (Cu) is arranged with a predetermined distance.
- a third electrode 3 is formed on the substrate 6 so as to have a gap 5 between the substrate 6 and the ion conducting portion 4.
- the gap 5 can be vacuum or filled with gas.
- the gap 5 may be provided with an insulator.
- the thickness is about 1 nm to 10 nm.
- the thickness is about 1 nm to 100 nm.
- the thickness of the ion conducting part 4 is about 10 nm to 1000 nm.
- the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 have a thickness of about lnm to about 10 Onm and are arranged with a distance of about lnm to 100 nm.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the eighth embodiment is different in basic configuration from the metal atom transfer switching element shown in the seventh embodiment to the first embodiment described above. . That is, in the metal atom transfer switching element according to the first embodiment to the seventh embodiment, the first gap exists between the ion conductive portion 4 and the first electrode 1, and the ion conductive portion 4 and the first conductive portion 4 In this configuration, the first electrode 1 is not in contact. On the other hand, the metal atom transfer switching element of the eighth embodiment has a configuration in which the ion conducting portion 4 and the first electrode 1 are in contact with each other.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the eighth embodiment the first power Since the electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are formed on the ion conducting part 4 with a predetermined distance, the precipitate 7 is formed between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 on the surface of the ion conducting part 4. It will be deposited at this site.
- the ion conducting portion 4 is in contact with the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 2, but from the first embodiment to the first Similar to the metal atom transfer switching element shown in the seventh embodiment, this is a three-terminal gap type metal atom transfer switching element.
- the precipitate 7 grows only at the portion between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 on the surface of the ion conducting portion 4 (see FIG. 11B). .
- the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are connected without going through the ion conduction section 4.
- the ionic conductor of ionic conduction part 4 has a lower electrical conductivity than metal. Therefore, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are connected directly by the metal wiring made of the precipitate 7 without passing through the ion conducting part 4 rather than being connected through the ion conducting part 4. Get smaller.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention shown in the first to eighth embodiments can be applied to the following devices and circuits.
- the metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention as a programming element, it is possible to obtain an integrated circuit device (programmable logic) capable of rewriting a program.
- a memory element is obtained by including the metal atom transfer switching element of the present invention and a transistor for detecting whether the metal atom transfer switching element is in an on state or an off state. Is also possible.
Landscapes
- Semiconductor Memories (AREA)
- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Design And Manufacture Of Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/722,825 US8003969B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-12-22 | Switching device, drive and manufacturing method for the same, integrated circuit device and memory device |
| JP2006550731A JP5066917B2 (ja) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-12-22 | スイッチング素子、スイッチング素子の駆動方法及び製造方法、集積回路装置並びにメモリ素子 |
| US13/173,792 US8421049B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2011-06-30 | Metal atom migration switching device, drive and manufacturing methods for the same, integrated circuit device and memory device using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-376767 | 2004-12-27 | ||
| JP2004376767 | 2004-12-27 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/722,825 A-371-Of-International US8003969B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-12-22 | Switching device, drive and manufacturing method for the same, integrated circuit device and memory device |
| US13/173,792 Division US8421049B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2011-06-30 | Metal atom migration switching device, drive and manufacturing methods for the same, integrated circuit device and memory device using same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006070698A1 true WO2006070698A1 (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/023656 Ceased WO2006070698A1 (ja) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-12-22 | スイッチング素子、スイッチング素子の駆動方法及び製造方法、集積回路装置並びにメモリ素子 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8003969B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5066917B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100539232C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006070698A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009020210A1 (ja) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | National Institute For Materials Science | スイッチング素子とその用途 |
| JP2009043873A (ja) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-26 | Sony Corp | 記憶素子および記憶装置 |
| JP2021108371A (ja) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-29 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 可変抵抗メモリ素子 |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4919146B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2012-04-18 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | スイッチング素子 |
| CN100568532C (zh) * | 2006-12-21 | 2009-12-09 | 国际商业机器公司 | 存储单元及其制造方法 |
| WO2010085282A1 (en) * | 2009-01-26 | 2010-07-29 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Thermally stable nanoscale switching device |
| US8552333B2 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2013-10-08 | General Electric Company | Systems, methods, and apparatus for preventing electromigration between plasma gun electrodes |
| CN115394632B (zh) * | 2022-09-01 | 2025-08-26 | 电子科技大学 | 离子导体集成电路及制备方法与应用 |
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| US7464738B2 (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2008-12-16 | Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. | Tyre for a vehicle wheel including zigzag circumferential grooves and blind transverse cuts |
| JP4119950B2 (ja) | 2000-09-01 | 2008-07-16 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | コンダクタンスの制御が可能な電子素子 |
| CN100448049C (zh) * | 2001-09-25 | 2008-12-31 | 独立行政法人科学技术振兴机构 | 使用固体电解质的电气元件和存储装置及其制造方法 |
| JP4783045B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-17 | 2011-09-28 | 株式会社東芝 | スイッチング素子 |
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2005
- 2005-12-22 US US11/722,825 patent/US8003969B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-22 CN CNB2005800451518A patent/CN100539232C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-22 WO PCT/JP2005/023656 patent/WO2006070698A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-12-22 JP JP2006550731A patent/JP5066917B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2011
- 2011-06-30 US US13/173,792 patent/US8421049B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| WO2009020210A1 (ja) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-12 | National Institute For Materials Science | スイッチング素子とその用途 |
| JP2009043873A (ja) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-02-26 | Sony Corp | 記憶素子および記憶装置 |
| US8320154B2 (en) | 2007-08-08 | 2012-11-27 | National Institute For Materials Science | Switching element and application of the same |
| JP5371010B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-08 | 2013-12-18 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | スイッチング素子とその用途 |
| JP2021108371A (ja) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-07-29 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 可変抵抗メモリ素子 |
| JP7670411B2 (ja) | 2019-12-27 | 2025-04-30 | 三星電子株式会社 | 可変抵抗メモリ素子 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101091264A (zh) | 2007-12-19 |
| US8003969B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
| US8421049B2 (en) | 2013-04-16 |
| JPWO2006070698A1 (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
| US20110253967A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
| JP5066917B2 (ja) | 2012-11-07 |
| US20070284610A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
| CN100539232C (zh) | 2009-09-09 |
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