WO2006067941A1 - 光スイッチ及び光試験装置 - Google Patents
光スイッチ及び光試験装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006067941A1 WO2006067941A1 PCT/JP2005/022101 JP2005022101W WO2006067941A1 WO 2006067941 A1 WO2006067941 A1 WO 2006067941A1 JP 2005022101 W JP2005022101 W JP 2005022101W WO 2006067941 A1 WO2006067941 A1 WO 2006067941A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
- G02F1/313—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/3132—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure of directional coupler type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0121—Operation of devices; Circuit arrangements, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/16—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 series; tandem
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical switch and an optical test apparatus.
- the present invention relates to an optical switch and an optical test apparatus using a distributed coupling type optical coupler.
- This application is related to the following Japanese application. For designated countries where incorporation by reference of documents is allowed, the contents described in the following application are incorporated into this application by reference and made a part of this application.
- Patent application 2004 372108 Filing date December 22, 2004
- the distributed coupling type optical switch applies an electric field to the optical coupler having the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide, and the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide, which are provided in parallel and close to each other. And an electrode for producing a fruit.
- the distributed coupling type optical switch it is controlled whether the input light input to the first optical waveguide is output from the first optical waveguide or the second optical waveguide depending on whether or not a voltage is applied to the electrode. be able to.
- the distributed coupling type optical switch can be controlled by turning on or off the voltage, and it is necessary to always apply a specified DC noise like the Mach-Zehnder type optical switch. For this reason, a stable operating characteristic is obtained in which the substrate is charged by applying a DC bias and the drift phenomenon that the operating point of the optical switch changes is less likely to occur. For this reason, it is frequently used for optical path switching that requires a high extinction ratio.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a matrix type optical switch that uses a plurality of distributed coupling type optical switches to switch M X N optical connections.
- Patent Document 2 includes a first optical coupler that has a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide, and that switches which optical waveguide force is used to output input light, and output light from the first optical waveguide.
- An optical control device including a second optical coupler provided between the output port and the first optical coupler is disclosed.
- the second optical coupler is used to increase the extinction ratio associated with switching of the first optical coupler. More specifically, the first optical coupler outputs to the first optical waveguide.
- the crosstalk light from the first optical waveguide is not used for optical communication, but is output to the optical waveguide and not output from the output port. Switch.
- the extinction ratio can be further increased by using a multi-stage optical coupler.
- electrodes are arranged corresponding to two optical waveguides constituting a cross-state directional coupler provided in a directional coupler type modulator, and a DC voltage is applied. This makes it possible to set the chirp parameter of a directional coupled modulator (see Fig. 18).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-76722
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-5-53157
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-354960
- Patent Document 3 although the chirp parameter can be controlled, it is not possible to appropriately suppress the phase modulation that dynamically occurs when the optical switch is driven dynamically.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an optical switch and an optical test apparatus that can solve the above-described problems. This object is achieved by a combination of features described in the independent claims.
- the dependent claims define further advantageous specific examples of the present invention.
- the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide provided in parallel, and the input light input to the input side end of the first optical waveguide
- a distributed coupling type first optical coupler that outputs as output light from one output side end of the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide, and an electric field corresponding to a first input voltage is applied to the first optical waveguide.
- a first power that is applied to the waveguide and the second optical waveguide to control whether or not the input light input to the first optical coupler is output as the output light according to the first input voltage.
- an optical switch comprising a phase modulation reducing unit that reduces a change in phase of the output light according to a change in electric field applied to the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide.
- the phase modulation reduction unit substantially changes the phase of the output light to a change amount of the phase of the output light according to a change in an electric field applied to the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide. Change the same amount in the opposite direction.
- the phase modulation reducing unit includes a third optical waveguide for inputting the output light output from the output side end force of the first optical waveguide, and a third optical waveguide provided in parallel to the third optical waveguide.
- a distributed coupling type second optical coupler that outputs the output light from the third optical waveguide, wherein the phase change in the first optical coupler is reduced, and the first optical coupler;
- the first electrode applies an electric field opposite to the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide to the third optical waveguide and the fourth optical waveguide.
- a second electrode that changes the phase of the output light propagating through the third optical waveguide in the opposite direction to the phase change amount substantially the same as the phase change in the first optical coupler. Also good.
- the phase modulation reduction unit includes a third optical waveguide that inputs the output light, and a direction opposite to an electric field that the first electrode applies to the first optical waveguide according to the first input voltage. Is applied to the third optical waveguide, and the phase of the output light propagating through the third optical waveguide is changed in the opposite direction by substantially the same amount as the phase change amount in the first optical coupler. And have a second electrode to let you.
- the time from when the first input voltage is applied to the first electrode to when the first input voltage is applied to the second electrode is input to the first optical coupler.
- a timing adjustment unit that adjusts the force to be substantially the same as a time until the output light is input to the third optical waveguide;
- the phase modulation reduction unit includes a third optical waveguide that inputs light from outside and inputs the input light to the first optical waveguide, and a fourth optical light provided in parallel to the third optical waveguide.
- a distributed coupling type second optical coupler having a waveguide, and an electric field opposite to the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide by the first electrode according to the first input voltage Is applied to the third optical waveguide and the fourth optical waveguide, and the phase of the input light propagating through the third optical waveguide is substantially equal to the amount of phase change in the first optical coupler.
- a second electrode that changes the same amount in the opposite direction.
- the phase modulation reducing unit inputs a light from the outside and inputs the first optical waveguide as the input light to the first optical waveguide, and the first input voltage according to the first input voltage.
- An electrode applies an electric field in a direction opposite to the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide to the third optical waveguide, and the phase of the input light propagating through the third optical waveguide is changed to the first optical coupling.
- a second electrode that changes in the opposite direction substantially the same amount as the amount of phase change in the vessel.
- the time from when the first input voltage is applied to the second electrode to when the first input voltage is applied to the first electrode is input to the third optical waveguide.
- a timing adjusting unit that adjusts the first optical coupler so as to be substantially the same as the time from when the input light is input to the first optical coupler.
- the phase modulation reduction unit includes a third optical waveguide for inputting the output light output from the output side end force of the first optical waveguide, and a third optical waveguide provided in parallel to the third optical waveguide.
- a distributed coupling type second optical coupler that outputs the output light whose phase change in the first optical coupler is reduced from the fourth optical waveguide; and a predetermined optical coupler.
- An input voltage conversion unit that subtracts the first input voltage from the generated reference voltage to generate the second input voltage, and the first electrode is connected to the first optical light according to the second input voltage.
- the light phase is changed in the opposite direction by substantially the same amount as the amount of phase change in the first optical coupler. Yo, even a second electrode that.
- the time from when the first input voltage is applied to the first electrode to when the second input voltage is applied to the second electrode is the input time to the first optical coupler.
- Light is input
- the phase modulation reducing unit is provided in parallel with the third optical waveguide for inputting light from the outside and the third optical waveguide, and the input light input by the third optical waveguide is input to the first optical waveguide.
- a distributed coupling type second optical coupler having a fourth optical waveguide input to the input, and an input for generating the second input voltage by subtracting the first input voltage from a predetermined reference voltage
- An electric field in the same direction as the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide by the first electrode according to the voltage conversion unit and the second input voltage is applied to the third optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide. 4
- a second electric current applied to the optical waveguide to change the phase of the input light propagating through the third optical waveguide in the opposite direction substantially the same amount as the phase change in the first optical coupler. You may have a pole.
- the time from when the second input voltage is applied to the second electrode to when the first input voltage is applied to the first electrode is input to the third optical waveguide.
- a timing adjusting unit that adjusts the first optical coupler so as to be substantially the same as the time from when the input light is input to the first optical coupler.
- a light emitting unit that generates light a pulse generator that generates a pulse signal, and the light generated by the light emitting unit based on the pulse signal are output.
- An optical switch that switches whether or not to switch, a directional coupler that inputs light output from the optical switch to an external optical waveguide, and obtains reflected light from the external optical waveguide; and
- a detection unit for detecting the acquired reflected light, and the optical switch includes a first optical waveguide and a second optical waveguide provided in parallel, and is generated by the light-emitting unit to generate the first optical waveguide.
- first optical coupling that outputs input light input to the input side end of the optical waveguide as output light from one output side end of the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide And an electric field corresponding to the first input voltage based on the pulse signal Whether the input light input to the first optical coupler and output to the first optical waveguide is output as the output light according to the first input voltage is determined according to the first input voltage.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an optical switch 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section ((a)) of AA ′ and a cross section ((b)) of BB ′ of the optical switch 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 shows phase modulation in the optical switch 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration of an optical switch 10 according to a first modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration of an optical switch 10 according to a second modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section of CC ′ of the optical switch 10 according to a second modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration of an optical switch 10 according to a third modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration of an optical switch 10 according to a fourth modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 shows phase modulation in the optical switch 10 according to a fourth modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration of an optical switch 10 according to a fifth modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a configuration of an optical switch 10 according to a sixth modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 shows a configuration of an optical switch 10 according to a seventh modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 shows a configuration of an optical test apparatus 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of the optical switch 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the optical switch 10 switches whether the input light is output from the optical switch 10 by the optical coupler 115.
- the optical switch 10 according to this embodiment reduces the phase modulation of the output light generated by the optical coupler 115 from the optical coupler 135 and outputs it, thereby suppressing the occurrence of chirp.
- the optical switch 10 includes an optical coupler 115, an electrode 110 (110a, b), an optical coupler 135, an electrode 1 30 (130a, b), and a plurality of optical waveguides (140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, and 152), a drive unit 160, and a timing adjustment unit 170.
- the optical coupler 115 is a distributed coupling type optical coupler having a first optical waveguide 100 and a second optical waveguide 105 provided in parallel.
- the optical coupler 115 is an optical switch that outputs input light input to the input side end of the first optical waveguide 100 as output light from one output side end of the first optical waveguide 100 and the second optical waveguide 105. Function as.
- the electrode 110 applies an electric field corresponding to the first input voltage input from the drive unit 160 via the timing adjustment unit 170 to the first optical waveguide 100 and the second optical waveguide 105. Thus, whether or not the input light input to the optical coupler 115 is output as the output light of the optical coupler 115 as the output side end force of the optical waveguide 100 is controlled according to the first input voltage. .
- the electrode 110 according to the present embodiment includes an electrode 110a provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 100 to which a positive input voltage is applied, and an electrode 11 Ob provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 105 and grounded.
- the optical coupler 135 includes a third optical waveguide 120 for inputting output light that also outputs an output side end force of the first optical waveguide 100, and a fourth optical light provided in parallel to the third optical waveguide 120.
- This is a distributed coupling type optical coupler having a waveguide 125.
- the optical coupler 135 outputs, from the third optical waveguide 120, output light in which the phase change due to switching in the optical coupler 115 is reduced.
- the electrode 130 is opposite to the electric field applied by the electrode 110 to the first optical waveguide 100 and the second optical waveguide 105 according to the first input voltage input from the driving unit 160 via the timing adjustment unit 170.
- a direction electric field is applied to the third optical waveguide 120 and the fourth optical waveguide 125.
- the electrode 130 changes the phase of the output light propagating through the third optical waveguide 120 in the opposite direction by substantially the same amount as the phase change amount in the optical coupler 115.
- the electrode 130 according to the present embodiment includes an electrode 130a that is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 120 and is grounded, and an electrode 130b that is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 125 and to which a positive input voltage is applied.
- the optical coupler 135 and the electrode 130 are an example of a phase modulation reducing unit according to the present invention.
- the optical waveguide 140, the first optical waveguide 100, the optical waveguide 144, the third optical waveguide 120, and the optical waveguide 148 are, for example, strong materials such as lithium 'niobate (LiNbO) and lithium' tantalate.
- An integrated waveguide is formed by diffusing a metal such as titanium on a substrate made of a dielectric crystal.
- the optical waveguide 140 has an optical input port of the optical switch 10 at the input side end, inputs light from the outside, and inputs it as input light to the input side end of the first optical waveguide 100.
- the optical waveguide 144 guides the output light to which the output side end force of the first optical waveguide 100 is output as a result of switching by the optical coupler 115 and the electrode 110 to the third optical waveguide 120.
- the output light input to the third optical waveguide 120 is phase-modulated by the optical coupler 135 and input to the optical waveguide 148.
- the output side end of the optical waveguide 148 is used as an optical output port for outputting the output light of the optical switch 10, and an optical fiber or the like for inputting the output light of the optical switch 10 is connected thereto.
- the optical waveguide 142, the second optical waveguide 105, and the optical waveguide 146 are integrally formed in the same manner as the optical waveguide 140 to the optical waveguide 148.
- the optical waveguide 146 propagates the output light.
- the output side end of the optical waveguide 146 is used as an optical output port for outputting the output light of the optical switch 10 as an example.
- the optical fiber or the like is not connected.
- the optical waveguide 150, the fourth optical waveguide 125, and the optical waveguide 152 are integrally formed in the same manner as the waveguides from the optical waveguide 140 to the optical waveguide 148.
- the waveguides from the optical waveguide 150 to the optical waveguide 152 are provided to realize an optical coupler 135 having substantially the same structure as the optical coupler 115.
- the optical coupler 135 can generate a phase modulation substantially opposite to the phase modulation generated in the optical coupler 115 during switching.
- the drive unit 160 receives a drive signal that instructs to drive the optical switch 10 and generates an input voltage to be applied to the electrode 110 and the electrode 130 in accordance with the drive signal. That is, for example, when the drive signal is a logical value L, the drive unit 160 generates an input voltage of 0V and applies it to the electrodes 110a and 130b via the timing adjustment unit 170.
- the optical waveguide 100 and the optical waveguide 105 according to the present embodiment are provided in parallel for the length corresponding to the complete coupling length. Therefore, when the input voltage is 0V, the input light from the optical waveguide 140 is output from the optical waveguide 105 and radiated through the optical waveguide 146.
- the drive unit 160 A predetermined positive input voltage is generated and applied to the electrodes 110a and 130b via the timing adjustment unit 170.
- the length of the portion where the optical waveguide 100 and the optical waveguide 105 are provided in parallel does not match the complete coupling length.
- input light from the optical waveguide 140 is output from the optical waveguide 100 and output from the optical switch 10 via the optical waveguide 144, the optical waveguide 120, and the optical waveguide 148.
- the input voltage applied to the electrodes 110a and 130b maximizes the rate at which the input light is output from the optical waveguide 100, and minimizes the rate at which the optical signal is output from the optical waveguide 105. It is desirable that the voltage value be
- the timing adjustment unit 170 applies a time from when the first input voltage is applied to the electrode 110 to when the first input voltage is applied to the electrode 130, and when the input light is input to the optical coupler 115.
- the force is also adjusted to be substantially the same as the time until the output light is input to the third optical waveguide 120 in the optical coupler 135. That is, in the present embodiment, the timing adjustment unit 170 applies the first input voltage to the electrode 110a and applies the first input voltage to the electrode 130b.
- the delay time until the input light is input to the optical waveguide 120 through the optical waveguide 100 and the optical waveguide 144 after the input light is input to the optical waveguide 100 is made substantially the same.
- the timing adjustment unit 170 can perform phase modulation in the opposite phase with respect to the light phase-modulated by switching of the optical coupler 115 and cancel the phase modulation by the optical coupler 115.
- the electrodes 110 and 130 are preferably traveling wave electrodes connected to the timing adjustment unit 170 in the vicinity of the light input side.
- the input voltage applied to the electrode 110 and the electrode 130 propagates in the electrode 110 and the electrode 130 at the same speed as the light propagates in the optical coupler 115 and the optical coupler 135.
- the electric field according to the timing of the light propagating through the optical coupler 115 and the optical coupler 135 can be appropriately managed, and switching can be performed at higher speed.
- the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide 100 and the second optical waveguide 105 is provided by including the phase modulation reduction unit including the optical coupler 135 and the electrode 130.
- the change in the phase of the output light according to the change can be reduced.
- the phase modulation reduction unit changes the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide 100 and the second optical waveguide 105 based on the phase of the output light from which the output side end force of the optical waveguide 100 is also output.
- the phase change by the optical coupler 115 can be canceled by changing the phase of the output light in accordance with the phase change amount to substantially the same amount.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the optical switch 10 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2A shows an AA ′ cross section in the optical coupler 115 of the optical switch 10.
- the optical switch 10 according to the present embodiment is provided on a substrate cut out so that the Z-axis direction of the lithium niobate crystal is perpendicular to the substrate.
- the optical waveguide 100 and the optical waveguide 105 are provided by diffusing a metal such as titanium on the substrate.
- the electrode 110a is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 100 in the substrate, and receives an input voltage from the timing adjustment unit 170.
- the electrode 110b is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 105 in the substrate and is grounded to 0V.
- the optical waveguide 100 receives an electric field directed from the upper surface direction to the lower surface direction of the substrate.
- the optical waveguide 105 has an electric power going from the lower surface direction to the upper surface direction of the substrate. Receive the world.
- the electric field received by the optical waveguide 100 and the optical waveguide 105 is an electric field in the vertical direction of the substrate, that is, an electric field in the Z-axis direction of the lithium niobate crystal, and thus the greatest electro-optical effect is generated.
- FIG. 2B shows a BB ′ cross section in the optical coupler 135 of the optical switch 10.
- the optical waveguide 120 and the optical waveguide 125 are provided by diffusing a metal such as titanium on a lithium niobate substrate.
- the electrode 130a is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 120 in the substrate, and is grounded to 0V.
- the electrode 130b is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 125 in the substrate, and receives an input voltage from the timing adjustment unit 170.
- the optical waveguide 125 receives an electric field directed from the upper surface direction to the lower surface direction of the substrate.
- the optical waveguide 120 receives an electric field from the lower surface direction to the upper surface direction of the substrate.
- FIG. 3 shows phase modulation in the optical switch 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the optical waveguide 100 When the logical value of the drive signal is switched from L to H while coherent laser light is input to the optical waveguide 100 via the optical waveguide 140, the optical waveguide is switched from the odd mode light guided on the optical waveguide 105 side. The intensity of even mode light guided on the 100 side is increased. At this time, the phase of the light in the odd mode and the even mode is modulated in accordance with the change of the electric field applied to the optical waveguide 100 and the optical waveguide 105, and the optical frequency is chirped. The sign of this chip varies depending on the orientation of the lithium niobate crystal. In Fig. 3, it is shown as a positive chirp. Similarly, when the logic value of the drive signal switches from H to L, a negative chirp occurs. The chirp between the input and output of the optical waveguide 100 is represented by the amount of phase change, that is, the differential value, as shown in the following equation (1).
- ⁇ is the phase of the light wave
- L is the complete coupling length
- ⁇ ⁇ ( ( ⁇ - ⁇ ) ⁇ 2
- 8 is the optical waveguide 100
- the light propagation constant of, ⁇ is the optical waveguide Is the difference between the propagation constants of the optical waveguide 100 and the optical waveguide 105
- 8 ' is the time derivative of ⁇
- the optical coupler 135 is provided at the subsequent stage of the optical coupler 115 to cancel the chirp generated in the optical coupler 115.
- the timing adjustment unit 170 changes the input voltage of the electrode 110b from OV to the same voltage value in the same phase as the input voltage of the electrode 110a is changed from OV to a positive voltage value. Change.
- the output light of the optical waveguide 100 input from the optical waveguide 144 to the optical waveguide 120 is output via the optical waveguide 148 regardless of the voltage value of the electrode 130b, and leakage light is transmitted to the optical waveguide 152. It is not output except.
- an electric field having the same magnitude in the opposite direction to the optical waveguide 100 is applied to the optical waveguide 120, and an electric field having the same magnitude in the opposite direction to the optical waveguide 105 is applied to the optical waveguide 125.
- the optical coupler 135 generates a chirp having substantially the same size in the opposite direction to the optical coupler 115 with respect to the output light. As a result, the chirp generated in the optical coupler 115 can be canceled out.
- optical coupler 115 and the optical coupler 135 are monolithically integrated by the same process and have the same characteristics.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration of the optical switch 10 according to the first modification of the present embodiment.
- the optical switch 10 according to this modification performs optical switching using the optical coupler 135 close to the optical output port, and performs phase modulation by the optical coupler 135 using the optical coupler 115 close to the optical input port. Take off configuration.
- members denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 have substantially the same functions and configurations as those in FIG.
- the optical coupler 135 is a distributed coupling type optical coupler having a first optical waveguide 120 and a second optical waveguide 125 provided in parallel.
- the optical coupler 135 is an optical switch that outputs input light input to the input side end of the first optical waveguide 120 as output light from one output side end of the first optical waveguide 120 and the second optical waveguide 125. Function as.
- the electrode 430 (430a, b) is similar to the electrode 110a and the electrode 110b.
- An electric field corresponding to the first input voltage input via the scanning adjustment unit 170 is applied to the first optical waveguide 120 and the second optical waveguide 125.
- the electrode 430 according to this modification includes an electrode 430a that is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 120 and to which a positive input voltage is applied, and an electrode 430b that is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 125 and is grounded.
- the optical coupler 115 is a distributed coupling type optical coupler having a third optical waveguide 100 and a fourth optical waveguide 105 provided in parallel.
- the third optical waveguide 100 inputs light from the outside via the optical waveguide 140, guides it to the optical coupler 135 via the optical waveguide 144, and inputs it to the first optical waveguide 120 as input light to the optical coupler 135. input.
- the electrode 410 (410a, b) is connected to the first optical waveguide 120 and the second optical waveguide 125 according to the first input voltage input from the driving unit 160 via the timing adjustment unit 170.
- An electric field in the direction opposite to the applied electric field is applied to the third optical waveguide 100 and the fourth optical waveguide 105.
- the electrode 410 changes the phase of the input light propagating through the third optical waveguide 100 in the opposite direction by substantially the same amount as the phase change amount in the optical coupler 135.
- the electrode 130 according to this modification includes an electrode 410a that is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 100 and is grounded, and an electrode 410b that is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 105 and to which a positive input voltage is applied.
- the optical coupler 115 and the electrode 410 according to this modification are examples of the phase modulation reduction unit according to the present invention.
- the timing adjustment unit 170 applies the first input voltage to the electrode 410 and the force is applied to the time until the first input voltage is applied to the electrode 430.
- the force is adjusted so that the time from when light is input to the third optical waveguide 100 until the input light is input to the optical coupler 135 is substantially the same.
- optical modulation is performed on the laser light input from the outside in substantially the same amount of phase modulation in the opposite direction to the phase modulation generated by the switching operation in the optical coupler 135.
- the chirp generated in the optical coupler 135 can be canceled out.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration of the optical switch 10 according to the second modification of the present embodiment.
- the optical switch 10 switches whether or not the power to output the input light from the optical switch 10 is switched by the optical coupler 115. Then, the phase modulation of the output light generated by the optical coupler 115 is reduced and output by the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 130 to suppress the occurrence of chirp.
- members denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 have substantially the same functions and configurations as those in FIG.
- the optical switch 10 includes an optical coupler 115, electrodes 110 (110a, b), a third optical waveguide 120, electrodes 130 (130a, b), and a plurality of optical waveguides ( 140, 142, 144, 146, and 148), a drive unit 160, and a timing adjustment unit 170.
- the optical waveguide 120 receives the output light of the optical coupler 115 output from the first optical waveguide 100, and outputs it via the optical waveguide 148.
- the electrode 130 generates an electric field in a direction opposite to the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide 100 by the electrode 110 according to the first input voltage input from the driving unit 160 via the timing adjustment unit 170. Apply to.
- the electrode 130 changes the phase of the output light propagating through the third optical waveguide 120 in the opposite direction by substantially the same amount as the phase change amount in the optical coupler 115.
- the electrode 130 according to this modification is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 120, and is provided in parallel with the grounded electrode 130a in parallel with the vicinity of the electrode 130a on the substrate on which the optical switch 10 is formed. And an electrode 130b to which an input voltage is applied.
- the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 130 are an example of a phase modulation reduction unit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section of CC ′ of the optical switch 10 according to the second modification of the present embodiment.
- the optical switch 10 according to this modification is provided on a substrate cut out so that the Z-axis direction of the lithium niobate crystal is perpendicular to the substrate.
- the optical waveguide 120 is provided by diffusing a metal such as titanium on the substrate.
- the electrode 130a is provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 120 in the substrate, and is grounded to 0V.
- the electrode 130b is provided in parallel with the vicinity of the electrode 130a on the substrate, and receives an input voltage from the timing adjustment unit 170.
- the optical waveguide 120 receives an electric field directed from the lower surface direction to the upper surface direction of the substrate.
- the optical waveguide 100 receives a directional electric field from the upper surface direction to the lower surface direction of the substrate.
- the optical waveguide 120 is larger in the opposite direction to the optical coupler 115 than the output light. This produces a chirp that is almost identical.
- the phase modulation reducing unit having the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 130 can cancel the chirp generated in the optical coupler 115.
- FIG. 7 shows a configuration of the optical switch 10 according to a third modification of the present embodiment.
- the optical switch 10 according to this modification has a configuration in which a phase modulation reducing unit having an optical waveguide 120 and an electrode 130 is provided at a location closer to the input side port than the optical coupler 115.
- the members in FIG. 7 denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 5 have substantially the same functions and configurations as those in FIG.
- the optical switch 10 includes an optical coupler 115, electrodes 110 (110a, b), a third optical waveguide 120, electrodes 130 (130a, b), and a plurality of optical waveguides ( 140, 141, 142, 144, 14 6), a driving unit 160, and a timing adjusting unit 170.
- the optical waveguide 120 inputs light from the outside via the optical waveguide 140 and outputs it to the optical waveguide 141, thereby inputting the first optical waveguide 100 as input light.
- the electrode 130 In response to the first input voltage input from the drive unit 160 via the timing adjustment unit 170, the electrode 130 generates an electric field in the opposite direction to the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide 100 by the electrode 110. Apply to 120. As a result, the electrode 130 changes the phase of the input light propagating through the third optical waveguide 120 in the opposite direction substantially the same amount as the phase change amount in the optical coupler 115.
- the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 130 are an example of a phase modulation reduction unit according to the present invention.
- the timing adjustment unit 170 has the same function and configuration as the timing adjustment unit 170 shown in FIG.
- optical modulation is performed on the laser light input from the outside in substantially the same amount of phase modulation in the opposite direction to the phase modulation generated by the switching operation in the optical coupler 135.
- the chirp generated in the optical coupler 135 can be canceled out.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration of the optical switch 10 according to a fourth modification of the present embodiment.
- the optical switch 10 according to this modification performs switching of light using a normally-off type optical coupler 115 provided on the side close to the input side port, and is provided on the side close to the output side port.
- No The configuration is such that the phase modulation by the optical coupler 115 is canceled using a Marie'-on type optical coupler 135.
- the input voltage conversion unit 880 generates an input voltage to be supplied to the optical coupler 135 so that the optical coupler 135 is turned on or off simultaneously with the optical coupler 115.
- the members in FIG. 8 denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 have substantially the same functions and configurations as those in FIG.
- the optical switch 10 includes an optical coupler 115, an electrode 110 (110a, b), an optical coupler 135, an electrode 830 (830a, b), and a plurality of optical waveguides (140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, and 152), a drive unit 160, a timing adjustment unit 170, and an input voltage conversion unit 880.
- the optical coupler 135 is a distributed coupling type optical coupler having a third optical waveguide 120 and a fourth optical waveguide 125 provided in parallel.
- the optical coupler 135 inputs the output light output from the output side end of the first optical waveguide 100 to the third optical waveguide 120, and outputs the output light whose phase change in the optical coupler 115 is reduced to the fourth optical waveguide. Output from waveguide 125.
- the input voltage conversion unit 880 generates a second input voltage to be supplied to the optical coupler 135 by reducing the first input voltage that also supplies a predetermined reference voltage force to the optical coupler 115.
- This reference voltage may be, for example, the value V of the first input voltage supplied to the optical coupler 115 when the optical switch 10 is turned on.
- the second input voltage V is applied to the electrode 830.
- the first input voltage V is applied to the electrode 110 to turn on the optical switch 10
- the second input voltage 0 V is applied to the electrode 830.
- the electrode 830 generates an electric field in the same direction as the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide 100 and the first optical waveguide 105 by the electrode 110 according to the second input voltage, and the third optical waveguide 120 and the fourth optical waveguide 12. Apply to 5.
- the second input voltage takes, for example, a voltage value obtained by subtracting the first input voltage from the reference voltage
- the electrode 830 outputs the output light that propagates through the third optical waveguide 120 and the fourth optical waveguide 125.
- the phase is changed in the opposite direction by substantially the same amount as the phase change amount in the optical coupler 115.
- the electrode 130 includes a grounded electrode 830a provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 120 and an electrode 830b provided on the upper surface of the optical waveguide 125 to which a positive input voltage is applied.
- the optical coupler 135 and the electrode 830 are It is an example of the phase modulation reduction part which concerns on invention.
- the optical waveguide 148 is not used as an optical output port of the optical switch 10, and an optical fiber or the like is not connected thereto.
- the output side end of the optical waveguide 152 is used as an optical output port for outputting the output light of the optical switch 10, and an optical fiber or the like for inputting the output light of the optical switch 10 is connected thereto.
- the timing adjustment unit 170 applies a time from when the first input voltage is applied to the electrode 110 to when the second input voltage is applied to the electrode 830, and when the input light is input to the optical coupler 115.
- the force is also adjusted to be substantially the same as the time until the output light is input to the third optical waveguide 120.
- FIG. 9 shows phase modulation in the optical switch 10 according to the fourth modification example of the present embodiment.
- the driving unit 160 applies the first input voltage 0V to the electrode 110. Further, the input voltage converter 880 applies the second input voltage V obtained by subtracting the first input voltage 0V from the reference voltage V force to the electrode 830. As a result, the input light input to the optical waveguide 100 is output from the output side end of the optical waveguide 105 and is not output from the optical output port of the optical switch 10.
- the drive unit 160 switches the first input voltage from 0 V to V and supplies the first input voltage to the electrode 110, and turns on the optical coupler 115. To do.
- a positive chip is generated in the optical coupler 115 as an example.
- the input voltage converter 880 supplies the second input voltage 0V obtained by subtracting the first input voltage V from the reference voltage V to the electrode 830 according to the change in the first input voltage, and the optical coupler 135 Turn on.
- the optical coupler 135 generates a negative chirp having substantially the same size in the reverse direction to the optical coupler 115 with respect to the output light.
- the drive unit 160 switches the first input voltage to the electrode 110 with the V force also switched to 0 V, and turns off the optical coupler 135. To do.
- the input voltage converter 880 generates a reference voltage according to the change in the first input voltage.
- the second input voltage obtained by subtracting the first input voltage OV is supplied to the electrode 830, and the optical coupler 135 is turned off.
- the optical coupler 135 generates a positive chirp having substantially the same size in the opposite direction to the optical coupler 115 with respect to the output light.
- the optical coupler 135 generates a chirp having substantially the same size in the opposite direction to the optical coupler 115 with respect to the output light. As a result, the chirp generated in the optical coupler 115 can be canceled out.
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration of the optical switch 10 according to the fifth modification example of the present embodiment.
- the optical switch 10 according to the present embodiment performs switching of light using a normally-off type optical coupler 135 provided on the side close to the output side port, and is provided on the side close to the input side port.
- the configuration is such that the phase modulation by the optical coupler 135 is canceled by using a normally-on type optical coupler 115.
- the input voltage conversion unit 880 generates an input voltage to be supplied to the optical coupler 115 so that the optical coupler 115 is turned on or off at the same time as the optical coupler 135.
- Components in FIG. 10 denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 4 have substantially the same functions and configurations as those in FIG.
- the optical switch 10 includes an optical coupler 115, a second electrode 910 (910a, b), an optical coupler 135, a first electrode 430 (430a, b), and a plurality of optical waveguides.
- Waveguides 140, 142, 144, 146, 148, 150, and 152
- drive unit 160 a timing adjustment unit 170
- an input voltage conversion unit 880 are provided.
- the optical coupler 115 is a distributed coupling type optical coupler having a third optical waveguide 105 and a fourth optical waveguide 100 provided in parallel.
- the third optical waveguide 105 inputs light from the outside via the optical waveguide 142.
- the fourth optical waveguide 100 is provided in parallel to the third optical waveguide, and inputs the input light input by the third optical waveguide 105 to the first optical waveguide 120 via the optical waveguide 144.
- the input voltage converter 880 subtracts the first input voltage supplied to the optical coupler 135 from the predetermined reference voltage and supplies the second input voltage to the optical coupler 115. Generate input voltage.
- the electrode 910 generates an electric field in the same direction as the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide 120 and the second optical waveguide 125 by the electrode 430 according to the second input voltage, and the third optical waveguide 105 and the fourth optical waveguide. Apply to 100.
- the second input voltage takes, for example, a voltage value obtained by subtracting the first input voltage from the reference voltage
- the electrode 910 transmits the input light transmitted through the third optical waveguide 105 and the fourth optical waveguide 100.
- the phase is changed in the opposite direction by substantially the same amount as the phase change amount in the optical coupler 115.
- the electrode 910 according to the present embodiment is provided on the upper surface of the third optical waveguide 105, and is connected to the grounded electrode 910b and the electrode 910a provided on the upper surface of the fourth optical waveguide 100 to which a positive input voltage is applied.
- the optical coupler 115 and the electrode 910 are an example of a phase modulation reducing unit according to the present invention.
- the optical waveguide 142 has an optical input port of the optical switch 10 at the input side end, and inputs light from the outside and inputs it to the input side end of the third optical waveguide 105. Unlike FIG. 8, the optical waveguide 140 is not connected to an external optical fiber or the like and does not input external force light.
- the timing adjustment unit 170 applies the second input voltage to the electrode 910 and the force is applied to the time until the first input voltage is applied to the electrode 430.
- the power is adjusted so that the time from when light is input to the third optical waveguide 105 until the input light is input to the optical coupler 135 is substantially the same.
- optically coupled phase modulation of approximately the same amount in the opposite direction to the phase modulation generated by the switching operation in the optical coupler 135 is applied to the laser light input from the outside.
- the chirp generated in the optical coupler 135 can be canceled out.
- FIG. 11 shows a configuration of the optical switch 10 according to a sixth modification of the present embodiment.
- the optical coupler 115 switches whether or not the input light is output from the optical switch 10. Then, the phase modulation of the output light generated by the optical coupler 115 is reduced and output by the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 1030 to suppress the occurrence of chirp.
- members denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 5 have substantially the same functions and configurations as those in FIG.
- the input voltage conversion unit 880 subtracts the first input voltage supplied to the optical coupler 135 from a predetermined reference voltage in the same manner as in FIG. 8, and supplies the second input voltage to the optical coupler 115. Input power Generate pressure.
- the electrode 1030 (1030a, b) generates an electric field in the same direction as the electric field applied to the fourth optical waveguide 100 by the electrode 110 in accordance with the second input voltage input from the input voltage conversion unit 880. 1 Apply to 20.
- the second input voltage takes, for example, a voltage value obtained by subtracting the first input voltage from the reference voltage V
- the electrode 1030 has the output light propagating through the third optical waveguide 100 and the fourth optical waveguide 105.
- the phase is changed in the opposite direction by substantially the same amount as the phase change amount in the optical coupler 115.
- the electrode 1030 according to the present embodiment is provided on the upper surface of the third optical waveguide 120, and is provided in parallel with the grounded electrode 1030a and in the vicinity of the electrode 1030a on the substrate on which the optical switch 10 is formed. And an electrode 1030b to which an input voltage is applied.
- the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 1030 are an example of a phase modulation reduction unit according to the present invention.
- the optical switch 10 According to the optical switch 10 according to the present modification, a change opposite to the change of the electric field applied to the optical waveguide 100 can be generated with respect to the electric field of the optical waveguide 120.
- the phase modulation reduction unit including the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 1030 generates a chirp having substantially the same size in the opposite direction to the optical coupler 115 with respect to the output light.
- the phase modulation reducing unit having the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 1030 can cancel the chirp generated in the optical coupler 115.
- FIG. 12 shows a configuration of the optical switch 10 according to the seventh modification example of the present embodiment.
- the optical switch 10 according to the present modification has a configuration in which a phase modulation reducing unit having an optical waveguide 120 and an electrode 1130 is provided at a location closer to the optical input port than the optical coupler 115.
- the members in FIG. 12 denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 7 have substantially the same functions and configurations as those in FIG.
- the optical switch 10 includes an optical coupler 115, electrodes 110 (110a, b), a third optical waveguide 120, electrodes 1130 (1130a, b), and a plurality of optical waveguides ( 140, 141, 142, 144, 146), a drive unit 160, a timing adjustment unit 170, and an input voltage conversion unit 880.
- the input voltage conversion unit 880 subtracts the first input voltage supplied to the optical coupler 115 from the predetermined reference voltage in the same manner as in FIG. 8, and supplies the second input voltage supplied to the electrode 1130. Is generated.
- the electrode 1130 applies an electric field in the same direction as the electric field applied to the first optical waveguide 100 by the electrode 110 to the third optical waveguide 120 according to the second input voltage.
- the electrode 1130 determines the phase of the input light propagating through the third optical waveguide 120 as follows: The phase is changed in the opposite direction by substantially the same amount as the phase change in the optical coupler 115.
- the electrode 1130 according to this embodiment is provided on the upper surface of the third optical waveguide 120, and is parallel to the electrode 1130a to which a positive input voltage is applied and the vicinity of the electrode 1130a on the substrate on which the optical switch 10 is formed. And a grounded electrode 1130b.
- the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 1130 are an example of a phase modulation reduction unit according to the present invention.
- the optical switch 10 According to the optical switch 10 according to this modification, a change opposite to the change of the electric field applied to the optical waveguide 100 can be caused with respect to the electric field of the optical waveguide 120.
- the phase modulation reduction unit including the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 1130 is approximately the same size as the chip generated by the switching operation in the optical coupler 115 with respect to the laser beam to which an external force is also input. The cheap can be added in advance.
- the phase modulation reducing unit having the optical waveguide 120 and the electrode 1130 can cancel the chirp generated in the optical coupler 115.
- FIG. 13 shows a configuration of the optical test apparatus 20 according to the present embodiment.
- the optical test apparatus 20 inputs the optical pulse signal generated by the optical switch 10 according to the present embodiment to the optical fiber 1300 to be tested, and tests the optical fiber 1300 based on the reflected light from the optical fiber 1300 or the like. The Thus, the optical test apparatus 20 can accurately test the optical fiber 1300 using the optical pulse signal with reduced frequency chirp.
- the optical test apparatus 20 includes a light emitting unit 1310, a pulse generator 1320, an optical switch 10, a directional coupler 1330, a detector 1340, and an average calculating unit 1350.
- the light emitting unit 1310 is, for example, a laser diode, and generates coherent laser light.
- the pulse generator 1320 generates a pulse signal having a predetermined pulse width.
- the optical switch 10 inputs light generated by the light emitting unit 1310 from an optical input port, and inputs a pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 1320 as a drive signal. As a result, the optical switch 10 outputs the light generated by the light emitting unit 1310 based on the pulse signal. Switch whether or not More specifically, the optical switch 10 blocks the light generated by the light emitting unit 1310 and does not output it from the optical output port while the pulse signal is a logical value. On the other hand, while the pulse signal is a logical value H, the light generated by the light emitting unit 1310 is allowed to pass through and output from the light output port.
- the directional coupler 1330 inputs light output from the optical switch to an optical fiber 1300 that is an example of an external optical waveguide. Further, the directional coupler 1330 acquires backscattered light and reflected light from the optical fiber 1300 and supplies them to the detector 1340.
- the detector 1340 detects backscattered light and reflected light acquired from the optical fiber 1300.
- the detector 1340 according to the present embodiment performs heterodyne detection on the backscattered light and reflected light acquired from the optical fiber 1300 based on the light generated by the light emitting unit 1310.
- the average calculation unit 1350 averages the output signal of the detector 1340 and displays it to the measurer.
- the optical fiber 1300 can be tested using laser pulse light with reduced frequency chirp. As a result, frequency fluctuations that occur in the received signal in heterodyne detection can be reduced.
- the optical switch 10 is a substrate in which the X axis direction of the lithium 'niobate crystal is vertical, instead of being provided on a substrate (Z plate) in which the Z axis direction of the lithium' niobate crystal is vertical.
- a form provided on the (X plate) may be adopted.
- the electrode 110, the electrode 130, the electrode 410, the electrode 430, the electrode 830, the electrode 910, the electrode 1030, and the electrode 1130 apply an electric field in the horizontal direction of the substrate perpendicular to the extending direction of the electrode to the optical waveguide.
- the optical coupler 115 or the optical coupler 135 that performs switching has a length twice as long as the complete coupling length, and a complete coupling length portion near the light input side and a perfect coupling near the output side. Even if an inversion coupling type optical switch is formed by inverting the plus and minus of the electrode with the coupling length part, Good.
- the phase modulation reduction unit has a length twice as long as the complete coupling length in accordance with the structure of the inversion coupling type electrode, and a perfect coupling length portion near the light input side and a perfect coupling length near the output side.
- An electric field is applied to the optical waveguide due to the structure in which the plus and minus of the electrode are reversed with the coupling length! ]
- the optical switch 10 may have a structure in which the optical waveguide in the phase modulation reduction unit is domain-inverted (polarized inversion) with respect to the optical coupler 115 or the optical coupler 135 that performs switching.
- the electrodes in the phase modulation reduction unit are physically in the same direction.
- the structure which applies the same amount of electric field is taken. Thereby, the phase modulation reducing unit can obtain the same effect as applying the same amount of electric field in the opposite direction to the optical waveguide that has not undergone polarization inversion.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112005003326T DE112005003326T5 (de) | 2004-12-22 | 2005-12-01 | Optischer Schalter und optische Prüfvorrichtung |
| US11/766,116 US20080144989A1 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2007-06-21 | Optical switch and optical test apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-372108 | 2004-12-22 | ||
| JP2004372108A JP4789460B2 (ja) | 2004-12-22 | 2004-12-22 | 光スイッチ及び光試験装置 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/766,116 Continuation US20080144989A1 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2007-06-21 | Optical switch and optical test apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006067941A1 true WO2006067941A1 (ja) | 2006-06-29 |
Family
ID=36601546
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/022101 Ceased WO2006067941A1 (ja) | 2004-12-22 | 2005-12-01 | 光スイッチ及び光試験装置 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080144989A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4789460B2 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112005003326T5 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006067941A1 (ja) |
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| US9369209B2 (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2016-06-14 | Alcatel Lucent | Flexible optical modulator for advanced modulation formats featuring asymmetric power splitting |
| JP6252912B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-22 | 2017-12-27 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 電界測定装置 |
| CN105452951B (zh) * | 2013-06-12 | 2018-10-19 | 康宁光电通信无线公司 | 电压控制式光学定向耦合器 |
| CN105227233B (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2017-11-03 | 北京邮电大学 | 基于并联不对称马赫增德干涉仪的带内光信噪比监测法 |
| JP7238340B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-30 | 2023-03-14 | 富士通オプティカルコンポーネンツ株式会社 | 光送受信器、これを用いた光トランシーバモジュール、及び光送受信器の試験方法 |
| US11226504B2 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2022-01-18 | Ciena Corporation | Free-carrier absorption variable optical attenuators and thermal phase shifters formed by an optical waveguide having multiple passes in an intrinsic region |
| US20250237810A1 (en) * | 2024-01-24 | 2025-07-24 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited | Tunable photonic couplers for electronic/photonic systems and methods of forming the same |
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- 2004-12-22 JP JP2004372108A patent/JP4789460B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-12-01 DE DE112005003326T patent/DE112005003326T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-12-01 WO PCT/JP2005/022101 patent/WO2006067941A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2007
- 2007-06-21 US US11/766,116 patent/US20080144989A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0764031A (ja) * | 1993-08-30 | 1995-03-10 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光変調器 |
| JP2000019574A (ja) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-21 | Nec Corp | 波長変換器及び波長変換方法 |
| JP2004354960A (ja) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-12-16 | Fibest Ltd | 光スイッチ、不交差電極を備えた方向性結合器型変調器および光通信システム |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112005003326T5 (de) | 2007-11-08 |
| US20080144989A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
| JP2006178225A (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
| JP4789460B2 (ja) | 2011-10-12 |
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