WO2006058128A2 - Procede et systeme destines a des services d'itinerance distribues pour utilisateurs mobiles dans des reseaux mailles sans fils - Google Patents

Procede et systeme destines a des services d'itinerance distribues pour utilisateurs mobiles dans des reseaux mailles sans fils Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006058128A2
WO2006058128A2 PCT/US2005/042557 US2005042557W WO2006058128A2 WO 2006058128 A2 WO2006058128 A2 WO 2006058128A2 US 2005042557 W US2005042557 W US 2005042557W WO 2006058128 A2 WO2006058128 A2 WO 2006058128A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roaming
user
cell
network
router
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/042557
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2006058128A3 (fr
Inventor
Xiao-Dong Frank Wang
Fuyong Zhao
Fang Wu
Original Assignee
Azalea Networks
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Azalea Networks filed Critical Azalea Networks
Priority to EP05825355A priority Critical patent/EP1820357A2/fr
Priority to JP2007543476A priority patent/JP5258083B2/ja
Publication of WO2006058128A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006058128A2/fr
Publication of WO2006058128A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006058128A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/08—Mobility data transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
    • H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
    • H04W36/324—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data by mobility data, e.g. speed data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/04—Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • the field of the invention relates generally to wireless networks and more particularly to a method and system for distributed roaming services tailored for wireless mesh networks.
  • Wireless mesh networks have the following characteristics in common: highly dynamic, autonomous, peer-to-peer, multi-hop, limited bandwidth and computing power, etc.
  • Wireless mesh networks are highly dynamic for two reasons. First, the routers themselves may move (e.g. in mobile or hybrid wireless mesh networks), generating quick response times to topological changes. Second, even if the routers themselves do not move (e.g. in fixed wireless mesh networks), the radio link qualities can change very quickly because of interference, geographical and environmental factors.
  • Traditional routing protocols e.g. OSPF, RIP
  • designed for wired infrastructures cannot handle such quick changes in signal strength.
  • Many of the ad hoc routing protocols e.g. AODV
  • Wireless networks are becoming increasingly common in peoples' lives.
  • the most popular wireless networks to date are mobile phone networks.
  • Such networks are typically broken down into a number of "cells,” as indicated by the term “cellular phone networks.”
  • Each cell has a set of antennae that send and receive signals to and from cell phone users.
  • Communication lines interconnect the cells to form a cellular network.
  • a commonly-used communication line is a fiber optic line, though alternatives are widely accepted in the field.
  • Roaming In a cellular network, when a user moves from one cell to another, their mobile phone call can continue communication only if a connection to one or more antennae is maintained. The process of transferring a user's connection from one cell to the next is called “roaming.” Roaming is essential to enable a user to stay connected while moving across different cells without dropping calls.
  • a mesh is a network where every cell is virtually connected to every other cell in the network.
  • An example of a mesh is a grid map or the Internet.
  • a wireless mesh network consists of cells interconnected by wireless backhaul such that each cell is in virtual communication with every other cell.
  • Wireless mesh networks can also have gateways connected to wired networks.
  • IEEE 802.11 wireless devices wireless mesh networks have become increasingly popular.
  • An 802.11 mesh network can incorporate inexpensive and relatively low powered 802.11 devices (access points, routers, etc) to form a high throughput and reliable distributed network. The advantages of such a network are analogous to those in distributed PC networks, which generate enormous computing power beyond that obtained with independent PC's.
  • Roaming is the process by which a user switches between cells in a wireless mesh network.
  • a roaming solution needs to be scalable, reliable, and provide fast handoff between different cells.
  • Such a roaming solution should scale to at least thousands of network cells, though the limit for future applications is unpredictable.
  • the key to scalability is lower roaming overhead, reducing the burden on the system at each handoff.
  • the wireless mesh network should also be resilient to cell failures in a way similar to the Internet. This resiliency requires the network to take full advantage of the connectivity across the entire mesh. At present, the latency needs to be less than 50 ms to be undetectable to VoIP users.
  • Mobile IP Another prominent solution (and IEEE standard) on IP networks is called Mobile IP, created by the Internet Engineering Task Force. Mobile IP is scalable, but can suffer from long handoff latency due to the way it forwards data to a mobile user. Optimization techniques to reduce handoff latency require changes on client software, which could be a serious impediment to user adoption.
  • Prior wireless mesh networks enable a user to switch between mesh routers. When a user device senses that a stronger signal is available than the one currently being used to access the network, a roaming process enables the device to switch to the stronger signal. To roam, the device must contact a cell, sometimes called a home agent, that contains the user's roaming profile. A home agent is typically a server, and resides somewhere within the entire network. To contact the home agent, the user device may have to travel long paths through a multitude of cells. Further, each time the user roams, the home agent must be contacted. This introduces long delays and signal degradation from the users end.
  • a method and system for distributed roaming in a wireless mesh network are disclosed.
  • a user's roaming profile is obtained from the permanent home agent prior to the user entering a new cell.
  • the network is able to track a users movement across cells, and to predict the users next movement.
  • the roaming profile is forwarded to one or more cells prior to the users movement into one of those cells. Once the user enters a new cell, the new cell completes the roaming process in communication with the old cell. This handoff is much quicker than communicating with the Permanent Home Agent.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless mesh network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary wireless router according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 illustrates roaming according to the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart of an exemplary process for roaming according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • mesh router/gateway 140 has at least one network interface, such as an ethernet controller, that is in communication with the Internet. This communication is via a communications link such as ethernet.
  • a mesh network 100 multiple gateways may exist.
  • the mesh network topology of Figure 1 may also include a network management server 150.
  • Network management server 150 may be connected to a mesh router 140 to access the Internet.
  • the network management server 160 designates the channel assignments of all mesh routers 140 in the mesh network.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary mesh router 200 according to one embodiment of the present invention. In addition to accessing the wireless network, a mesh router 200 also allows subscribers to set up their own local area networks.
  • Wireless router 200 may be a Wi-Fi router, as is well-known in the art and available at a number of consumer retailers.
  • the mesh router 200 has a processor 210 connected to a power supply 220, random access memory (RAM) module 230, Ethernet controller 240, and 802.11 controller 250.
  • the Ethernet controller 240 allows the processor 210 to communicate with Ethernet port(s) 260.
  • the 802.11 controller 250 allows the processor 210 to communicate with the 802.1 1 antennae 270.
  • RAM module 230 stores a routing table 231 used to route packets to and from mesh router 200.
  • Figure 3 illustrates roaming according to the present disclosure where a user travels from old cell 310 to new cell 320. Roaming occurs each time a user travels between different mesh router coverage areas.
  • Figure 3 depicts the scenario where each cell 300 has one mesh router. However, a cell may have more than one mesh router. This discussion therefore applies equally to situations where a user travels within a single cell but between different mesh routers within that cell.
  • a user may travel anywhere within the entire network coverage area, consisting of a multitude of cells 300. Each time the user moves from an old cell 310 to a new cell 320, the user device must roam. Instead of communicating each time with the dedicated permanent home agent 330, according to one embodiment, a proxy home agent is used. While the user is in the old cell 310, the old cell 310 requests portions of the user's roaming profile from the permanent home agent 330. In this fashion, the old cell 310 becomes a proxy home agent because it contains information necessary for roaming, such as: authentication, user name, session id, password, etc.
  • a mesh router 350 in old cell 310 has signal coverage area 315
  • a mesh router 360 in new cell 320 has signal coverage area 325.
  • the router 350 in new cell 320 pre-fetches the roaming profile information from the Proxy Home Agent, old cell 310. This information is sufficient to complete roaming for the user if it leaves the overlap zone 340 and enters new cell 320.
  • the new cell 320 requests portions of the roaming profile from permanent home agent 330 in preparation for the next roaming process, which is repeated when the user enters another overlap zone 340.
  • Roaming is initiated by a user device once it senses a stronger signal is available. This will occur only if a user enters new cell 320. Thus, if a user enters the overlap area 340 between two cells 300 but does not enter a new cell 320, roaming is never completed. According to one embodiment, new cell 320 may receive the roaming profile from old cell 310.
  • Figure 3 depicts the overlap 340 between a single old cell 310 and a single new cell 320. The teachings herein also apply where there is an overlap area containing more than two cells 300. In the case that a user enters an overlap area of more than two cells 300, the roaming profile is transferred from old cell 310 to all of the new cells 320. Thus, regardless of which cell 320 the user enters, that new cell 320 will have the necessary roaming profile needed to complete roaming.
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart of an exemplary process for roaming according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the chart walks through the steps required to handoff a user from an old cell A 310 to a new cell B 320.
  • the router in cell A 310 retrieves the user's roaming profile from the permanent home agent while the user is still in cell A 310 (400). Once that information is received, the router in cell A 310 becomes the proxy home agent.
  • each of the cells identify the user and the proxy home agent (410).
  • the router in old cell A 310 transfers the user's roaming profile to the router in new cell B 320 in preparation for roaming (420) if the user leaves the overlap area between the cells and enters new cell B 320 (430).
  • the router in new cell 320 B performs the roaming steps of connecting with the user device and releases the devices from old cell A 310 (44). Because the router in new cell B 320 already received the roaming profile from the proxy home agent, the router in new cell B 320 completes roaming without any communication to the permanent home agent. Once roaming is completed, the user communicates via new cell B 320.
  • Multi ⁇ level roaming involves operations across OSI layer 2 (Link Layer/MAC), and layer 3(IP).
  • Link Layer/MAC Layer/MAC
  • IP layer 3(IP)
  • local roaming among nodes on the same IP subnet is done on layer 2. This has the advantages of fast roaming because all functions are on the same L2 and does not involve L3 (IP) layer.
  • the present method and system has a number of benefits over typical roaming solutions in mesh networks. Because roaming is completed with communication between neighboring cells, or one hop, handoff latency is significantly reduced. Handoff time for VoIP traffic is below 50ms. According to one embodiment, the system requires no change to a user's device.
  • the present mesh network roaming system is also scalable because of the minimum amount of information transferred long distances during roaming.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système destinés à l'itinérance distribuée dans un réseau maillé sans fils. Des cellules sont capables de suivre et de prédire un mouvement d'utilisateur à travers le réseau. Le profil itinérant de l'utilisateur est envoyé à des futures cellules prédites, avant que l'utilisateur entre dans ces cellules. Lorsque l'utilisateur entre dans une nouvelle cellule, l'itinérance est réalisée sans établissement de communication avec toute autre cellule. Ainsi, le temps de transfert est diminué et des utilisateurs peuvent se déplacer de manière beaucoup plus ininterrompue à travers la zone de couverture du réseau.
PCT/US2005/042557 2004-11-24 2005-11-23 Procede et systeme destines a des services d'itinerance distribues pour utilisateurs mobiles dans des reseaux mailles sans fils WO2006058128A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05825355A EP1820357A2 (fr) 2004-11-24 2005-11-23 Procede et systeme destines a des services d'itinerance distribues pour utilisateurs mobiles dans des reseaux mailles sans fils
JP2007543476A JP5258083B2 (ja) 2004-11-24 2005-11-23 無線メッシュネットワークにおける可動ユーザのための分散型ローミングサービスのための方法およびシステム

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63026704P 2004-11-24 2004-11-24
US60/630,267 2004-11-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006058128A2 true WO2006058128A2 (fr) 2006-06-01
WO2006058128A3 WO2006058128A3 (fr) 2008-11-13

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US (1) US7711361B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1820357A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP5258083B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006058128A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2006058128A3 (fr) 2008-11-13
US7711361B2 (en) 2010-05-04
JP2008538260A (ja) 2008-10-16
US20060234701A1 (en) 2006-10-19
JP5258083B2 (ja) 2013-08-07
EP1820357A2 (fr) 2007-08-22

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