WO2006057155A1 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006057155A1 WO2006057155A1 PCT/JP2005/020445 JP2005020445W WO2006057155A1 WO 2006057155 A1 WO2006057155 A1 WO 2006057155A1 JP 2005020445 W JP2005020445 W JP 2005020445W WO 2006057155 A1 WO2006057155 A1 WO 2006057155A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- separator plate
- manifold
- anode
- inlet
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell used for a home cogeneration system, a motorcycle, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, etc., and more particularly to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fuel cell that is excellent in durability in which flooding is unlikely to occur by reducing the temperature variation of each single cell in the cell stack of the fuel cell.
- a fuel cell using a polymer electrolyte having positive ion (hydrogen ion) conductivity is obtained by electrochemically reacting a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen such as air. Electric power and heat are generated simultaneously.
- This fuel cell basically includes a polymer electrolyte membrane having hydrogen ion conductivity that selectively transports hydrogen ions, and a pair of electrodes disposed on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane. These electrodes have a catalyst layer mainly composed of conductive carbon powder supporting an electrode catalyst (for example, a metal catalyst such as platinum), and both air permeability and electronic conductivity formed outside the catalyst layer.
- the gas diffusion electrode is composed of a gas diffusion layer (for example, carbon paper subjected to water repellent treatment). This is called a membrane electrode assembly (MEA).
- a gas seal material or gasket is placed around the electrode with a polymer electrolyte membrane in between. Be placed. This sealing material gasket is assembled with the electrode and the polymer electrolyte membrane and assembled.
- a conductive separator plate is disposed to mechanically fix the MEA and to connect adjacent MEAs electrically in series with each other. In the part of the separator plate that comes into contact with the MEA, a gas flow path is formed to supply reaction gas to the electrode surface and carry away the generated gas and surplus gas.
- the gas flow path can be provided separately from the separator plate, but a method of providing a gas flow path by providing a groove on the surface of the separator plate is generally used.
- these MEAs and separator plates are stacked one after the other, 10 to 200 cells are stacked, then sandwiched between end plates via current collector plates and insulating plates, and fixed from both ends with fastening bolts. This is a typical stacked battery structure. This is called a cell stack.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane functions as an electrolyte having hydrogen ion conductivity by reducing the specific resistance of the membrane by containing water in a saturated state. Therefore, during operation of the fuel cell, the fuel gas and the oxidant gas are supplied with humidification in order to prevent evaporation of water from the polymer electrolyte membrane. Moreover, at the time of battery power generation, the following electrochemical reaction occurs, and water is generated as a reaction product on the power sword side.
- the water in the humidified fuel gas, the water in the humidified oxidant gas, and the reaction product water are used to keep the water content of the polymer electrolyte membrane in a saturated state, and the surplus fuel gas It is discharged to the outside of the fuel cell together with the oxidant gas.
- a flow path for cooling fluid for example, cooling water
- a cooling fluid is formed on the surface (second surface) opposite to the surface (first surface) that contacts the MEA of the separator plate.
- a cooling fluid is flown through the separator plate, and the temperature of the separator plate, which has risen due to an exothermic reaction, is exchanged with the cooling fluid.
- the cooling fluid channel is generally a force S that can be provided separately from the separator plate, and a channel is provided by providing a groove on the surface of the separator plate.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-511356
- FIG. 12 shows a top view of the conventional fluid sword side separator plate having the same structure as the separator plate in Patent Document 1 on the cooling fluid flow path side.
- the conventional separator plate 101 is provided with a groove-like cooling fluid flow path 107 that connects the inlet side manifold hole 102a of the cooling fluid and the outlet side manifold hole 102b.
- the inlet side manifold hold hole 103a and the outlet side manifold hole 103b of the oxidant gas are connected to the gas channel (not shown) of the oxidant gas in the shape of a force groove.
- Reference numerals 104a and 104b denote an inlet side manifold hole and an outlet side manifold hole for fuel gas, respectively, and holes 106 for fastening bonuses are provided at four corners.
- the cooling fluid inlet side manifold in the cell stack in which the single cells are stacked has the shortest residence time of the cooling fluid, and the inlet portion and the inlet portion where the residence time becomes longer are the most.
- a temperature difference of the cooling fluid occurs between the far rear portion (that is, the most downstream portion of the cooling fluid inlet side manifold in the cooling fluid flow direction). Therefore, the cooling effect decreases as it goes downstream in the stacking direction in the cell stack, and the cooling state of each single cell varies, making it difficult to cool to the optimum state.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is caused by the temperature difference between the temperature of the heat generating part of the single cell and the cooling fluid in the inlet side manifold of the cooling fluid during power generation of the fuel cell. This reduces the temperature rise in the cooling fluid in the inlet manifold and reduces the temperature variation of each single cell in the stacking direction of the fuel cell stack.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell that realizes a stable output voltage.
- the present invention should solve the above problems.
- a fuel cell comprising a cell stack, The cell stack consists of an inlet manifold and outlet manifold for oxidant gas, an inlet manifold and outlet manifold for fuel gas, and an inlet manifold and outlet manifold for cooling fluid. Have a hold,
- the force sword side separator plate has an oxidant gas flow path communicating with an oxidant gas inlet manifold and an oxidant gas outlet manifold on a first surface facing the force sword,
- the anode side separator plate has a fuel gas flow path connecting the fuel gas inlet side manifold and the fuel gas outlet side manifold on the first surface facing the anode, and the force sword side separator.
- At least one of the plate and the anode side separator plate is connected to the second surface opposite to the first surface, and the cooling fluid is connected to the cooling fluid inlet manifold and the cooling fluid outlet manifold.
- the flow path of the cooling fluid is a first cooling section that cools the area corresponding to the force sword and the area corresponding to the anode, and a first cooling section that is located between the first cooling section and the inlet side manifold of the cooling fluid.
- the "region corresponding to the force sword” is the normal direction force of the main surface of the force sword side separator plate.
- Figure showing the gas diffusion layer that constitutes the power sword that is the power generation part of the membrane electrode assembly projected, it can be seen as showing the "gas diffusion layer that constitutes the force sword”
- An area that is almost the same size and shape as the figure), that is, an area that overlaps with the figure showing the "gas diffusion layer that constitutes the force sword” (indicated by reference numeral 35 in FIGS. 3 and 4). Part).
- the "region corresponding to the anode” is the normal direction force of the main surface of the anode separator plate.
- the figure showing the gas diffusion layer that constitutes the anode that is the power generation part of the membrane electrode assembly (the figure that appears as a projection that shows the "gas diffusion layer constituting the anode” as a result of projection)
- the area that is the size and shape, that is, the area that overlaps with the figure indicating the “gas diffusion layer constituting the anode” (the part indicated by reference numeral 45 in FIGS. 5 and 6).
- a small number of the force sword side separator plate and the anode side separator plate In at least one of the cooling fluid channels, in addition to the first cooling section that cools the area corresponding to the force sword and the anode (ie, the conventional cooling section), the first cooling section and the cooling fluid flow path.
- the cooling fluid inlet manifold located between the inlet manifold and the temperature of the single cell heating section (ie, anode and power sword) during power generation of the fuel cell, the cooling fluid inlet manifold
- the temperature rise caused by the cooling fluid in the inlet manifold due to the temperature difference from the cooling fluid in the hold can be mitigated, which allows each single cell in the stacking direction of the fuel cell cell stack to be reduced. Temperature variation can be reduced, flooding can be suppressed, and a fuel cell with excellent durability can be obtained.
- the cooling fluid in the inlet manifold since the temperature of the cooling fluid in the inlet manifold can be suppressed from rising, the cooling fluid flows from the inlet in the inlet manifold of the cooling fluid in the cell stack.
- the temperature difference between the entrance and the farthest part, where the temperature gradually increases as you go deeper, will not increase. For this reason, the entire cell stack is almost uniformly cooled with almost no temperature difference between the cooling fluids introduced into the cells of the cell stack.
- the present invention since the temperature variation of each cell in the cell stack of the fuel cell is reduced, it is possible to provide a highly durable fuel cell that suppresses flooding and realizes a stable output voltage. can do.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a basic configuration (unit cell) of a fuel cell according to a first embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cell stack in which two or more single cells shown in FIG. 1 are stacked.
- FIG. 3 is a front view of a power sword side separator plate of the fuel cell shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a rear view of the force sword side separator plate shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a front view of an anode separator plate of the fuel cell shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 6 is a rear view of the anode side separator plate shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a front view conceptually showing a temperature state (distribution) of cooling water in the force sword side separator plate used in the fuel cell of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a rear view of a force sword side separator plate in a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a rear view of an anode separator plate according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a rear view of a force sword side separator plate in a comparative example.
- FIG. 11 is a rear view of an anode separator plate in a comparative example.
- FIG. 12 is a front view conceptually showing a temperature state (distribution) of cooling water in a force sword side separator plate used in a fuel cell of a comparative example.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic configuration of the first embodiment of the fuel cell of the present invention.
- the single cell 10 includes a polymer electrolyte membrane 1 having hydrogen ion conductivity, which is an example of a polymer electrolyte membrane, and a force sword 2 and an anode 3 sandwiching the polymer electrolyte membrane 1.
- a membrane made of perfluorosulfonic acid Nafion (trade name) manufactured by DuPont
- the force sword and the anode are composed of a catalyst layer in contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane and a gas diffusion layer disposed outside the catalyst layer. Carbon that supports an electrode catalyst (for example, platinum metal) is used for the catalyst of the force sword and the anode.
- the single cell 10 includes a force sword side separator plate 30 and an anode side separator plate 40 sandwiching a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1, the force sword 2 and the anode 3.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is sandwiched between gaskets 4 at the outer peripheries of the force sword 2 and the anode 3.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a cell stack obtained by stacking two or more (plural) single cells 10 described above.
- the cell stack 20 is provided on the MEA, the force sword side separator plate 30 and the anode side separator plate 40, respectively.
- the oxidant gas inlet 22a and the outlet side are connected to the inlet holes of the oxidant gas communicating with each other.
- Oxidant gas outlet 22b connected to the manifold hold hole, fuel connected to the fuel gas inlet manifold hole
- Fuel gas outlet 23b connected to gas inlet 23a and outlet manifold hole, and cooling water inlet 24a connected to cooling water inlet manifold hole and cooling water connected to outlet manifold hole Has outlet 24b.
- the separator plates located at both ends of the cell stack 20 do not have cooling water flow paths.
- the cell stack 20 is configured as a fuel cell by stacking end plates on both ends via current collector plates and insulating plates and fastening them with fastening bolts.
- the oxidant gas introduced into the inlet side manifold of each cell from the oxidant gas inlet 22 a is supplied from the flow path 36 of the force sword side separator plate 30. It is diffused in the gas diffusion electrode of the force sword 12 and used for the reaction. Excess oxidant gas and reaction products are discharged from the outlet 22b through the outlet manifold through the flow path 36.
- the fuel gas is supplied to the anode 3 through the inlet 23a, the inlet manifold, and the flow path 46 of the anode separator plate 40, and the surplus fuel gas and reaction products are discharged from the flow path 46 to the outlet side. It will be discharged from outlet 23b through the manifold.
- the cooling water in the cooling water inlet side manifold is affected by the heat generation of the electrodes, and thus in each stacking direction in the cell stack.
- the durability of the single cell is shortened by evaporating moisture from the polymer electrolyte membrane and promoting the deterioration of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the increase in the specific resistance of the polymer electrolyte membrane has a problem that the output of the single cell is lowered.
- a force sword side separator plate having a structure as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 and an anode side separator plate having a structure as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are provided. Use.
- FIG. 3 is a front view of the oxidant gas flow path side of the power sword side separator plate of the fuel cell in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a rear view of the force sword side separator plate shown in FIG. 3, that is, a front view on the cooling water flow path side.
- the force sword side separator plate 30 includes an oxidant gas inlet side manifold hole 32a, an oxidant gas outlet side manifold hole 32b, and a fuel gas inlet side manifold 32b.
- the force sword side separator plate 30 has an oxidant gas flow path 36 connecting the oxidant gas manifold holes 32a and 32b on the surface facing the force sword, and on the back surface, a coolant water mask.
- a cooling water flow path 37 connecting the two hold holes 34a and 34b is provided.
- the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 35 is a region corresponding to the force sword. That is, in FIG. 3, the gas diffusion layer constituting the force sword that is the power generation unit of the MEA is in contact with the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 35. Corresponds to the region where the power generation unit including the MEA catalyst layer is located.
- the oxidant gas flow path 36 is composed of two parallel grooves, and in the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 35, each groove has seven straight lines extending in the horizontal direction. It consists of six turn sections that connect a straight section adjacent to the section. The number of grooves and the number of turn portions are not limited to these, and can be appropriately set within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.
- the cooling water flow path 37 is composed of two parallel grooves, and is an inlet that connects the portion 37c and the portion 37c located in the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 35 to the inlet-side manifold hole 34a.
- a side part (second cooling part) 37a and a part (first cooling part) 37c are connected to an outlet side manifold hole 34b and an outlet side part 37b.
- one groove is composed of seven straight portions extending in the horizontal direction and six turn portions connecting the adjacent straight portions.
- the other groove further includes a straight portion and a turn portion. Is increasing by one.
- the second cooling section 37a is a straight line X that connects the cooling water inlet side manifold hole 34a to the area corresponding to the force sword indicated by the alternate long and short dash line 35. Assuming that, it is composed of at least one groove extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the straight line X.
- the outlet side portion 37b is simply composed of a straight portion extending in the vertical direction
- the inlet side portion 37a is composed of a straight portion extending in the horizontal direction and a groove comprising one turn portion and two straight lines extending in the horizontal direction. It consists of a groove consisting of a part and one turn part. Also in this case, the number of grooves and the number of turn portions are not limited to these, and can be appropriately set within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.
- the flow path 37 of the cooling water has a portion 37a on the inlet side thereof. It differs from the outlet side portion 37b in that it has three straight portions extending in the horizontal direction, and therefore can effectively cool the separator plate. Further, in the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 35, that is, the portion 37c, the straight line portion extending in the horizontal direction is increased by one, and is in a positional relationship substantially corresponding to the same portion of the oxidant gas flow path.
- the first cooling section (part) 37c is preferably formed within a range in which the inlet side manifold hole 32a for the oxidant gas and the inlet side manifold hole 33a for the fuel gas are not cooled. Therefore, for example, if the inlet side manifold hole 32a for the oxidant gas and the inlet side manifold hole 33a for the fuel gas are not cooled excessively, the first cooling part (part) 37c is the one-dot chain line 35. It doesn't matter if it's out of the area surrounded by. However, as shown in FIG. 4, in order to perform cooling more reliably, the first cooling part (part) 37c should not protrude from the region surrounded by the one-dot chain line 35.
- the outlet side manifold hole 32b for the oxidant gas and the outlet side manifold hole 33b for the fuel gas which are located downstream of the cooling water flow path 37, are connected to the inlet side manifold for the oxidant gas.
- the hold hole 32a and the fuel gas inlet manifold hole 33a are relatively cooled. Therefore, in the vicinity of the inlet side manifold hole 32a for the oxidant gas and the manifold hole 33a for the fuel gas, the first cooling part (part) 37c seems to protrude from the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 35. It may be formed so as not to protrude even if formed.
- FIG. 5 is a front view of the fuel gas flow path side of the anode side separator plate of the fuel cell in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a rear view of the anode side separator plate shown in FIG. 5, that is, a front view of the cooling water flow path side.
- the anode side separator plate 40 includes an oxidant gas inlet side manifold hole 42a, an oxidant gas outlet side manifold hole 42b, and a fuel gas inlet side manifold hole 42b.
- Hole 43a and fuel gas outlet manifold hole 43b, cooling water inlet manifold hole 44a, cooling water outlet manifold hole 44b, and four holes for passing fastening bolts 41 Have
- the anode-side separator plate 40 has a fuel gas flow path 46 connecting the fuel gas manifold holding holes 43a and 43b on the surface facing the anode, and a cooling water manifold on the back.
- a cooling water passage 47 connecting the holding holes 44a and 44b is provided.
- the area surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 45 is an area corresponding to the anode, as in the case of the force sword side separator plate shown in FIGS. That is, in FIG. 5, the gas diffusion layer that constitutes the anode that is the MEA power generation unit abuts on the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 45.
- the fuel gas flow path 46 is constituted by two parallel grooves, and in the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 45, each groove has seven straight portions extending in the horizontal direction. It consists of six turn sections that connect the adjacent straight sections. The number of grooves and the number of turn portions are not limited to these, and can be appropriately set within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the cooling water for forming one cooling water channel together with the cooling water channel 37 of the separator plate 30 is provided.
- the flow path 47 is provided. Accordingly, the flow path 47 has a shape that is plane-symmetric with the flow path 37. Therefore, the configuration of the channel 47 can be changed as appropriate in accordance with the configuration of the channel 37.
- the flow path 47 has a portion (first cooling portion) 47c and a portion 47c located in the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 45 (second cooling portion) connected to the inlet manifold hole 44a (second portion). (Cooling part) 47a, and a part 47b connecting the part 47c to the outlet manifold hole 44b.
- the second cooling section 47a assumes a straight line Y that connects the cooling water inlet side manifold hole 44a to the area corresponding to the anode indicated by the alternate long and short dash line 45.
- it is constituted by at least one groove extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the straight line Y.
- the first cooling section (part) 47c is preferably formed within a range in which the inlet side manifold hole 42a for the oxidant gas and the inlet side manifold hole 43a for the fuel gas are not cooled. Therefore, for example, if the inlet side manifold hole 42a for the oxidant gas and the inlet side manifold hole 43a for the fuel gas are not cooled excessively, the first cooling part (part) 47c is It doesn't matter if it's out of the area surrounded by. However, as shown in FIG. 6, in order to perform cooling more reliably, the first cooling part (part) 47c should not protrude from the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 45.
- the outlet side manifold hole 42b for the oxidant gas and the outlet side manifold hole 43b for the fuel gas which are located downstream of the cooling water flow path 47, are connected to the inlet side manifold oxidant gas.
- the hold hole 42a and the fuel gas inlet side manifold hole 43a are relatively cooled. Therefore, in the vicinity of the inlet side manifold hole 42a for the oxidant gas and the manifold hole 43a for the fuel gas side, the first cooling part (part) 47c seems to protrude from the region surrounded by the one-dot chain line 35. It may be formed so as not to protrude even if formed.
- the separator plate in the fuel cell of the present embodiment is represented by the force sword side separator plate 30 shown in Figs. 3 and 4 with respect to a mechanism for solving the above-described conventional problems. explain.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram conceptually showing the temperature state (distribution) of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water flow path 37 of the power sword side separator plate 30 of the fuel cell of the present invention shown in FIG.
- the first cooling part 37c in addition to the first cooling part 37c existing in the region corresponding to the cathode indicated by the alternate long and short dash line 35, the first cooling part 37c is cooled.
- a second cooling section 37a is provided in a region 38 indicated by hatching between the water inlet side manifold 34a.
- the cooling hydraulic force S in the inlet side manifold of the cooling water, and the force affected by the heat generation of the cathode in the region corresponding to the force sword indicated by the alternate long and short dash line 35 In the separator 30 in the present invention, since it has the second cooling portion 37a described above, it rises to T depending on the temperature T of the cooling water before or immediately after introduction into the cell stack 20 and the temperature T of the generated heat sword (however, T
- a cooling part 37a is provided in the plate, between the first cooling part 37c that cools the region indicated by the alternate long and short dash line 35 corresponding to the heat generating part of the single cell with the cooling water and the second inlet hole 34a on the cooling water inlet side.
- a cooling part 37a is provided in the plate, between the first cooling part 37c that cools the region indicated by the alternate long and short dash line 35 corresponding to the heat generating part of the single cell with the cooling water and the second inlet hole 34a on the cooling water inlet side.
- the second cooling section 37a is provided to cool the region 38 of the separator plate located between the first cooling section 37c and the cooling water inlet side manifold hole 34a.
- cooling water is introduced from the inlet 24a, and the flow path 37 of the force sword side separator plate 30 from the inlet side hold It flows through the flow path formed by the flow path 47 of the anode side separator plate 40, and is discharged from the outlet 24b through the outlet side manifold.
- the discharged cooling water is cooled by exchanging heat with an appropriate heat exchanger, and then introduced into the cell stack 20 from the inlet 24a again.
- the cooling water flowing in the cooling water flow path formed by the separator plates 30 and 40 is supplied to the anode and power sword that are the heat generating parts of the single cell 10 in the first cooling part formed by the parts 37c and 47c.
- the separator plate 30, 40 corresponding to the catalyst layer is cooled. Further, in the second cooling part constituted by the part 37a of the separator plate 30 and the part 47a of the separator plate 40, the part of the separator plate between the first cooling part and the inlet side manifold is cooled. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the temperature of the cooling water flowing through the inlet side manifold formed by the separator plates 30 and 40 by the heat of the heat generating portion of the single cell 10.
- the fuel cell (not shown) of the second embodiment is obtained by replacing the separator plates 30 and 40 in the single cell 10 of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the configuration other than 30 and 40 is the same as that of the single cell 10 of the first embodiment.
- the fuel cell in the present embodiment has the configuration of the flow path of the cooling water in the power sword side separator plate as shown in FIG. 8, and the shape of the flow path of the cooling water in the anode side separator plate is shown in FIG.
- the cooling water flow path 57 of the force sword side separator plate 30A is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, and the inlet side portion connected to the inlet side manifold hole 34a ( The second cooling part) 57a, the part surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 35 (first cooling part) 57c, and the outlet side part 57b connected to the outlet side manifold hole 34b.
- the inlet side portion 57a is different from the portion 37a of the first embodiment in that it is composed of one groove, but is composed of three straight portions and two turn portions, and its total length is It is almost the same as part 37a.
- the portion 57c of the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line 35 differs from the portion 37c of Embodiment 1 except that the portion 57c is branched in the vicinity of the turn portion on the downstream side of the uppermost straight portion connected to the portion 57a. Is almost the same.
- the outlet-side portion 57b is composed of a straight line portion in the vertical direction that connects the portion 57c to the manifold hold hole 34b as in the first embodiment.
- the cooling water flow path 67 of the anode separator plate 40A has a shape that is plane-symmetric with the flow path 57. That is, the channel 67 has a portion (first cooling portion) 67c located in a region surrounded by a one-dot chain line 45 (first cooling portion) 67c and an inlet side portion (second cooling portion) connecting the portion 67c to the inlet manifold hole 44a. ) It consists of 67a and 67b on the outlet side that connects the part 67c to the outlet manifold 44b.
- the first cooling section is composed of two flow paths
- the second cooling section is composed of one flow path, so that cooling in the second cooling section is performed.
- the water flow rate is twice as fast as the cooling water flow rate in the first cooling section, so the cooling effect is better.
- a cooling unit may be provided at a ratio of one cell to two or three cells, for example, a force provided with a cooling unit using a cooling water flow path between each single cell.
- the cooling water flow path is provided with a groove on both the force sword side separator plate and the anode side separator plate to form a pair of flow paths, but only one separator plate is provided with a groove. , Both Even if a cooling water flow path is provided between the plate plates.
- a flow path of the cooling water is formed between the force sword side separator plate and the anode side separator plate.
- the current collector plate, the insulating plate and the end plate are laminated, and the cooling water is interposed between the separator plate and the current collector plate.
- a flow path may be formed.
- the flow path of the cooling water in the separator plate is connected to the inlet side manifold and the outlet side manifold of the cooling water, and usually one or more grooves provided in the separator plate. Consists of.
- the second cooling unit can be configured by the same number of grooves as the first cooling unit. In addition, the second cooling unit can be configured with a smaller number of grooves than the first cooling unit.
- the cooling water can be supplied to the first cooling unit while suppressing the heat exchange amount in the second cooling unit to some extent, the cooling effect on the heat generating unit by the first cooling unit can be reduced. It can be sufficient. As a result, the temperature rise of the cooling water in the inlet manifold can be more effectively mitigated.
- the constituent elements other than the structure of the separator plate can be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the cooling fluid is not limited to cooling water.
- the gas diffusion layer uses carbon woven fabric (GF-20-E) manufactured by Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd. with a diameter of 80% or more of pores of 20 to 70 ⁇ m as a base material. Then, it was immersed in a dispersion liquid in which polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was dispersed in pure water containing a surfactant. Thereafter, the substrate was passed through a far-infrared drying oven and baked at 300 ° C for 60 minutes. The amount of water repellent resin (PTFE) in the substrate at this time was 1 ⁇ Omg / cm 2 .
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- a coating material for a coating layer was prepared.
- Solution obtained by mixing pure water and surfactant Carbon black was added and dispersed for 3 hours using a planetary mixer.
- PTFE and water were added to the obtained dispersion and kneaded for 3 hours.
- the surfactant a commercially available product under the trade name Triton X-100 was used.
- This coat layer coating was applied to one side of the carbon woven fabric subjected to the water repellent treatment as described above using an applicator.
- the carbon woven fabric on which the coating layer was formed was baked at 300 ° C for 2 hours using a hot air dryer to produce a gas diffusion layer.
- the amount of water repellent resin (PTFE) contained in the obtained gas diffusion layer was 0.8 mg / cm 2 .
- Ketjen Black carbon powder (Ketjen Black EC, Ketjen Black International Co., Ltd., particle size 30nm) is supported on platinum catalyst electrode (50% by mass Pt)
- Platinum catalyst electrode (50% by mass Pt)
- Perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid ionomer which is a hydrogen ion conductive material and binder (66 parts by mass, 5 mass ° / ⁇ 0 11 dispersion manufactured by Aldrich, USA) 33 parts by mass (polymer dry mass)
- a catalyst layer (10 to 20 / m) was produced.
- the gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer obtained as described above were bonded to both sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane (Nafion 112 membrane of Du Pont, USA, ion exchange group capacity: 0.9 meq / g) by hot pressing. MEA was produced.
- a rubber gasket plate is joined to the outer peripheral portion of the MEA polymer electrolyte membrane produced as described above, and a manifold hole for allowing the fuel gas and the oxidant gas to flow therethrough is formed. Formed.
- 160mm X 5mm has outer dimensions of 160mm X 160mm X 5mm, has a gas flow path with a width of 1. Omm and a depth of 1. Omm, and consists of a graphite plate impregnated with phenol resin.
- a force sword side separator plate having the structure shown in FIG. 5 and a fan side separator plate having the structure shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 were prepared.
- a fuel cell 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention was produced by fixing the body with a fastening rod.
- the fastening pressure at this time was 10 kgf / cm 2 per separator area.
- the configuration of the cooling water flow path of the force sword side separator plate is as shown in FIG. 8, and the shape of the cooling water flow path of the anode side separator plate is as shown in FIG.
- a fuel cell 2 based on the second embodiment of the present invention was produced.
- the configuration of the cooling water flow path of the force sword side separator plate is as shown in FIG. 10, and the shape of the cooling water flow path of the anode side separator plate is as shown in FIG.
- a comparative fuel cell 1 of the present invention was produced.
- the configurations of the force sword side separator plate 70 and the anode side separator plate 80 are the same as the force sword side separator plate 30 and the anode side separator plate 40 of the first embodiment of the present invention, respectively, except for the cooling water flow path. It was.
- the cooling water flow path 77 of the force sword side separator plate 70 includes an inlet side portion 77a connected to the inlet side manifold hole 34a, a region portion 77c surrounded by a one-dot chain line 35, and an outlet. It is composed of an outlet side portion 77b connected to the side manifold hole 34b.
- the portion 77c has the same configuration as the flow path 37c of the first embodiment of the present invention. Further, the portions 77a and 77b are constituted by vertical straight portions connecting the portion 77c and the manifold holes 34a and 34b, respectively.
- the cooling water flow path 87 of the anode separator plate 80 is configured to have a shape that is plane-symmetric with the flow path 77. That is, the flow path 87 has a portion 87c located in a region surrounded by a dashed line 45, a portion 87c connecting the portion 87c to the inlet manifold hole 44a, and a portion 87c connecting the portion 87c to the outlet manifold hole 44b. Consists of 87b on the exit side connecting to
- cooling water at a temperature of 70 ° C. was supplied at 3.7 liters / minute to the inlet of the inlet manifold.
- hydrogen gas and air heated and humidified so that the dew point is 70 ° C, respectively.
- the fuel gas utilization rate Uf was set to 70% and the oxidizing gas utilization rate Uo was set to 40%.
- the temperature of the heat generating part of the MEA during power generation Fuel that eliminates the above problems by providing temperature rise mitigation means to mitigate the temperature rise of the cooling water due to the temperature difference with the cooling water in the cooling water inlet manifold The effect of suppressing the durability deterioration of the battery was confirmed.
- the second cooling unit is configured with a smaller number of flow paths than the first cooling unit, the flow rate of the cooling water in the second cooling unit is such that the cooling water in the first cooling unit is cooled.
- the flow rate is faster and the cooling effect is better.
- the temperature difference between the temperature of the heat generating part of the single cell during power generation and the cooling water in the inlet side manifold of the cooling water becomes smaller, and the temperature of the cooling water in the inlet side manifold of the cooling water becomes smaller. It is thought that the rise was mitigated, and the effect of suppressing flooding and durability deterioration occurred.
- each example relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, but the present invention is a fuel cell that generates heat due to an electrochemical reaction during battery power generation, and requires a cooling as a reaction product on the cathode side.
- the present invention is a fuel cell that generates heat due to an electrochemical reaction during battery power generation, and requires a cooling as a reaction product on the cathode side.
- the fuel cell of the present invention has reduced temperature variation of each single cell in the cell stack, has excellent durability, and does not cause flooding or fluctuation in output voltage. Therefore, the fuel cell of the present invention is useful for use in household cogeneration systems, motorcycles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and the like.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/791,493 US20080014486A1 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-08 | Fuel Cell |
JP2006547709A JP4056550B2 (ja) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-08 | 燃料電池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-339527 | 2004-11-24 | ||
JP2004339527 | 2004-11-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006057155A1 true WO2006057155A1 (ja) | 2006-06-01 |
Family
ID=36497895
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/020445 WO2006057155A1 (ja) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-08 | 燃料電池 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20080014486A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4056550B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100527503C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006057155A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2008110906A2 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell separator with heat conducting member or cooling fluid passages in a peripheral region of the cell |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5332092B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2013-11-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池 |
CN103608956B (zh) | 2011-05-02 | 2017-11-14 | 克利尔雷茨电力公司 | 用于控制燃料电池流体流的能量驱散装置 |
CN102637885A (zh) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-08-15 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | 冷却系统及燃料电池堆 |
GB201207759D0 (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-06-13 | Imp Innovations Ltd | Fuel cell |
WO2014014471A1 (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel cell coolant flowfield configuration |
US10396368B2 (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2019-08-27 | Wuhan Troowin Power System Technology Co., Ltd. | PEM fuel cell stack |
CN104091956B (zh) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-08-17 | 江苏超洁绿色能源科技有限公司 | 区域化、逆流道的大功率空冷型pemfc电堆双极板 |
CN114784347B (zh) * | 2022-05-18 | 2024-02-02 | 中汽创智科技有限公司 | 一种燃料电池电堆及燃料电池 |
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JPH11283637A (ja) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-15 | Denso Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2002530836A (ja) * | 1998-11-25 | 2002-09-17 | ガス、テクノロジー、インスティチュート | 高分子電解質膜燃料電池の薄板金属両極板の設計 |
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US6686080B2 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2004-02-03 | Plug Power Inc. | Fuel cell systems |
KR100539649B1 (ko) * | 2002-12-02 | 2005-12-29 | 산요덴키가부시키가이샤 | 연료 전지용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 이용한 연료 전지 |
EP1469542A1 (en) * | 2003-04-09 | 2004-10-20 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
US7781122B2 (en) * | 2004-01-09 | 2010-08-24 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Bipolar plate with cross-linked channels |
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2005
- 2005-11-08 WO PCT/JP2005/020445 patent/WO2006057155A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-11-08 US US11/791,493 patent/US20080014486A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-08 JP JP2006547709A patent/JP4056550B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-08 CN CNB2005800403548A patent/CN100527503C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPH09511356A (ja) * | 1994-06-24 | 1997-11-11 | バラード パワー システムズ インコーポレイティド | 同時に流れる冷媒とオキシダントを有する電気化学燃料セルスタック |
JPH11283637A (ja) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-15 | Denso Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2002530836A (ja) * | 1998-11-25 | 2002-09-17 | ガス、テクノロジー、インスティチュート | 高分子電解質膜燃料電池の薄板金属両極板の設計 |
JP2004171824A (ja) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-06-17 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池 |
JP2004207082A (ja) * | 2002-12-25 | 2004-07-22 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池および燃料電池用セパレータ |
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WO2008110906A2 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell separator with heat conducting member or cooling fluid passages in a peripheral region of the cell |
WO2008110906A3 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-11-27 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Fuel cell separator with heat conducting member or cooling fluid passages in a peripheral region of the cell |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN100527503C (zh) | 2009-08-12 |
JP4056550B2 (ja) | 2008-03-05 |
JPWO2006057155A1 (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
US20080014486A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
CN101065871A (zh) | 2007-10-31 |
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