Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
  • B65B13/00—Bundling articles
  • B65B13/18—Details of, or auxiliary devices used in, bundling machines or bundling tools
  • B65B13/24—Securing ends of binding material
  • B65B13/32—Securing ends of binding material by welding, soldering, or heat-sealing; by applying adhesive
  • B65B13/322—Friction welding

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a friction welding tool used in conjunction with a strapping machine, said welding tool being fitted with a drive of which the output motion can be converted by a mechanism into an oscillating motion of a welding shoe. Moreover the present invention relates to a strapping apparatus fitted with a friction welding tool.
• Such friction welding tools are widely used in conjunction with mobile strapping apparatus that are used at arbitrary stations to strap items to be packed with a superficially fusing strap. In principle however such friction welding tools also may be used with stationary strapping apparatus.
• such strapping apparatus comprises a tensioner applying sufficient tension to the strap loop placed around the particular item to be packed. Thereupon the strap loop may be affixed by a clamping unit of the strapping apparatus to the item to be packed to prepare it for the ensuing lacing procedure.
• the lacing procedure can be implemented using a friction welding tool.
• the strap is depressed by an oscillating friction shoe in the zone between the two ends of the strap loop, This pressure and the heat generated locally and for a short time by the motion superficially fuse the strap, which typically is made of plastic.
• a connection between the two superposed plies of strap is formed which is practically permanent and may be undone at best only applying a large force.
• a plurality of such friction welding tools uses a cam or a connecting rod drive to convert a rotary driving motion into the oscillating motion of the welding shoe. It has been found however that the friction welds so made are not wholly satisfactory. In order to attain optimally welded links, a given amount of heat must be applied within a given time window into a locally bounded segment of the two mutually overlapping strap plies. As regards conventional plastic straps, strap temperatures of about 250 °C are required.
• This feature entails given operational rates of the friction welding shoes while simultaneously given frictions must be applied to the strap, where both the said rates and the friction forces may depend on the nature of the strap. Furthermore the operational rate should be as constant as possible.
• This difficulty is enhanced moreover where manually operated friction welding tools are used - of which the weight should be as low as possible - to enjoy good handling of the strapping apparatus. Consequently very long drive levers used to apply large torques, or gear units with many transmission stages, are usually not used because of handling difficulties. Even when electric motors are used to deliver the drive motion as regards welding tools not actuated manually, similar problems do arise. Accordingly to-date tradeoffs had to be accepted between the attainable welding parameters.
• Every two zones of increased distance may enclose a peripheral zone of which the maximum distance to the axis of rotation is less than the least distance from the peripheral surface in one of the adjoining zones.
• This geometry may be used to attain more advantageous welding parameters than heretofore.
• the invention allows significant improvement in the welding tool's efficiency even while simultaneously making possible a more economical welding tool design than heretofore.
• the angular speed may be reduced by a factor of three using manual levers in the preferred application, said angular speed being applied to a shaft connected directly or indirectly to the manual lever. Because of the increased number of strokes per rotation of the drive element, it is thus feasible to attain the same welding parameters as heretofore. Such a feature may be exploited as leading to a simpler design of the friction welding tool, making possible in turn a reduction in weight of the strapping apparatus.
• a polygonal or near-polygonal drive element in the preferred application may be construed being a single or multi-element component connected to a rotary shaft and fitted with a peripheral surface deviating from a circular shape.
• An approximately polygonal drive element is further characterized in that the peripheral surface may comprise as seen in the peripheral direction several mutually adjoining zones that differ in their particular distances from their particular maximum distances from the axis of rotation. The distance between the peripheral surface and the axis of rotation also may vary among the particular zones themselves. Also and as regards their topographies, identical zones may be employed. Illustratively the zones of greater distance to the axis of rotation may be at least approximately congruent. The same design also applies to the zones of lesser maximum distance from the axis of rotation.
• the approximately polygonal drive element may comprise a number of zones farther away from the axis of rotation and preferably said number is odd and larger than 3.
• a zone of lesser distance to the axis of rotation of the approximately polygonal drive element may be configured between every two preferably peripherally sequential zones that are farther away.
• the approximately polygonal drive element may be operationally connected with at least one contacting element in order to transmit to this element a motion resulting from the drive element rotation.
• the drive element is configured between two contacting elements and displaces latter to and fro during a stroke in synchronous, translational manner and in the same direction.
• Said contacting elements are designed to rest against the drive element's peripheral surface.
• the contact between the drive element and the two contacting elements shall be as play-free as possible.
• a preferred joint straight path of the contacting elements may preferably intersect the axis of rotation of the approximately polygonal drive element and be perpendicular to it.
• Sliding friction may exist between the drive element and the minimum of one contacting element.
• the mechanical loading of the minimum of one contacting element and of the drive element shall be in the form of rolling friction.
• This feature may be implemented for instance by imparting a degree of freedom to the contacting elements in the form of rotation about their bearing axis in addition to their ability to translate.
• the diameter lines of the approximately polygonal drive element intersecting the axis of rotation at least approximately shall be of the same length.
• the drive element may be a structure of the same thickness or similar.
• Fig. 1 is a strapping apparatus integrating a friction welding tool of the invention
• Fig. 2 is a highly schematic representation of part of a friction welding tool of the invention
• Fig. 3 is a friction welding tool of the invention
• Fig. 4 is a lever mechanism of the friction welding tool of Fig. 3 driven by the rotational motion of an approximately polygonal drive element.
• the exclusively manually operated strapping apparatus 1 of the invention shown in Fig. 1 comprises a base plate 2 of which the lower side is designed to be configured on an item to be packed. All operating units of the strapping apparatus 1 are mounted on the base plate 2.
• the various designs of the individual operational units of such strapping apparatus are known in their many ways in the state of the art. Accordingly, following a short discussion of the basic design of said apparatus, the next discussion shall relate only to the welding tool.
• a loop not shown in further detail in Fig. 1 of a plastic strap (for instance made of polypropylene [PP] or of polyethylene terephthalate [PETJ, previously deposited on the item to be packed, may be tensioned by said apparatus' tensioner 3.
• the tensioner comprises a drum 4 holding the strap to be tensioned. In this manner the loop may be sufficiently tensioned for good strapping.
• the strap loop shall be affixed by a clamp 5 of the strapping apparatus to this apparatus.
• the clamp comprises two strap jaws 6, 7.
• welding may be carried out, at a site of said loop where two strap plies are superposed, by means of the strapping apparatus' friction welding tool 8.
• the strap loop can be closed on itself permanently.
• the friction welding tool 8 is fitted with a welding shoe 9 which, by applying pressure to the strap and by carrying out a simultaneously oscillation motion, does superficially melt the two superposed strap plies onto each other.
• the plasticized or superficially molten segments flow into each other so that, following strap cooling, a connection has been established between the two strap plies.
• the strap loop may severed from a strap roll by a cutter 10 of the strapping apparatus 1.
• the tensioner 3, the clamp 5, the friction welding tool 8 and the cutter 10 are actuated by manually powered actuation elements of the strapping apparatus.
• the strapping apparatus of Fig. 1 does not receive external, additional power such as electricity for instance. However such might be the case for other strapping apparatus of the invention (omitted).
• the said actuation elements include at least one manual lever 15 rotatable about a pivot axis 14 that, by means of omitted connections and/or freewheeling elements, can act on the various operational units.
• the manual lever 15 may be actuated several times to move the welding shoe 9 until welding is complete.
• the pivoting motion of the manual lever 9 in this process is transmitted in a manner not shown in detail to a planetary gear 16 (Fig. 3) .
• the planetary gear 16 converts the motion of the shaft of the manual lever 15.
• the drive motion so converted then will rotate a planetary gear output shaft 18.
• An approximately polygonal drive element 20 is shown in Fig. 2, of which the rotational motion is transmitted by a further mechanism 21 to the welding shoe, is mounted on said output shaft.
• This mechanism 21 is shown in highly schematic manner in Fig. 2 by a rectangle and it may in principle be designed in very many ways.
• the approximately polygonal drive element 20 is situated between two contact elements designed as radially cylindrical roller bearings 22, 23 (hereafter roller bearings).
• the two roller bearings 22, 23 rest at a mutual offset of about 180° against a peripheral surface 24 of the approximately polygonal drive element 20.
• Said roller bearings are configured in a manner that their axes of rotations run parallel to the axis of rotation 18a of the approximately polygonal drive element. All three axes of rotation intersect a straight displacement path 25 along which the roller bearings 22, 23 may translate.
• roller bearings 22, 23 are mounted respectively by their inner rings on bolts 27, 28, the two bolts resting in a fork-shaped guide bracket 29.
• Both the roller bearings 22, 23 and the drive element 20 are situated within the fork subtended by the guide bracket.
• the translations of the roller bearings 22, 23 are determined by a given geometry of the peripheral surface 24 of the approximately polygonal drive element 20, namely said drive element comprises three zones 30a, 30b, 30c at its peripheral surface that are farther away from its axis of rotation. These three zones are apart by 120° from each other.
• a zone 31a, 31b, 31c of the peripheral surface 24 is situated in each case between two of those zones 30a, 30b, 30c at comparatively smaller radial distances from the drive element's axis of rotation 18a.
• the zones 31a, 31b, 31c situated at lesser radial distances also are equidistant by about 120°.
• the contact sites between a particular roller bearing and the drive element may shift in relation to the translational path and they may be situated on the displacement path 25 as well as above or below. In this manner tangential contact may be attained at the particular contact site, that is a contact site at which a common tangent exists for both contacting partners.
• This constraint should affect the shaping of the individual zones of the approximately polygonal drive element.
• the fork-shaped guide bracket 29 is linked at its left end, as seen in Fig. 3, by means of a rotatably supported connecting lever 33 to an upper lever 34.
• a welding shoe lever 35 is linked to the right end of the guide bracket 29 and also by its upper end to the upper lever 35.
• the upper lever 34 rests on the base plate 2 at the linkage site 36 of the connecting lever 33 in a manner not shown in further detail in Fig. 3.
• the welding shoe 9 is linked in tipping manner to the lower end of the welding shoe lever 35.
• the guide bracket 29, the connection lever 33, the upper lever 34 and the welding shoe lever 34 constitute a parallelogram.
• An omitted tension spring affixed both to the upper lever 34 and in the region of the base plate 2 forces the upper lever 34 and hence the welding shoe 9 toward the base plate 2.
• the upper lever shall be 1/2 or less than the distance between the linkage site 41 of the guide bracket 29 and the linkage site 43 of the welding shoe 9. In this manner the linkage site 41 of the guide bracket 29 divides the welding shoe lever 35 into segments which are 1/3 to 2/3 the lever's length.
• the two roller bearings 22, 23 both resting in the fork-like guide bracket 29 synchronously and jointly carry out three complete double strokes (along the double arrow 44) of identical lengths along the translation displacement path 25 for one revolution of the drive element 20.
• the translations of the roller bearings 22, 23 are transmitted by their support bolts 27, 28 to the guide bracket 29.
• the site 41 linking the welding shoe lever 35 to the guide bracket 29 then entails a swivel motion of the welding shoe lever 35 of which the motion furthermore is furthermore determined by the linkage of the welding shoe lever 35 at the upper lever 34.
• the motion of the upper lever 34 is determined by the linkage of the guide bracket 29 via the connection lever 33 to the upper lever 34 and also by the tipping support of the upper lever about the axis of the linkage site 36.
• the motion of said lever 34 is affected by the force exerted on it by the omitted tension spring.
• the rotary motion of the drive element 20 is transmitted in this manner by means of the translating stroke of the roller bearings 22, 23 to the lever mechanism beyond the drive element, resulting in a reciprocating, pure translating motion of the welding shoe 9 on a plastic strap configured underneath it.
• the above shown embodiment of the drive element allows carrying out, differently from conventional designs, not one double stroke, but instead a total of three double strokes of the welding shoe in the direction of the double arrow 11 for each drive shaft rotation.
• the invention offers a tripling of the rate at which the welding shoe is reciprocating. This feature considerably increases the efficiency of the welding tool of the invention compared to conventional welding tools used in strapping apparatus.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
• Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (12)

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Citations (5)

• 2005
  • 2005-10-17 TW TW94136231A patent/TWI322783B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-11-03 CA CA002586606A patent/CA2586606C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-11-03 WO PCT/IB2005/003282 patent/WO2006048738A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2005-11-03 EP EP05796290A patent/EP1824738B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2005-11-03 DE DE602005006314T patent/DE602005006314T2/de active Active
  • 2005-11-03 ES ES05796290T patent/ES2306226T3/es active Active

Patent Citations (5)

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