WO2006011583A1 - プログラマブルコントローラ - Google Patents
プログラマブルコントローラ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006011583A1 WO2006011583A1 PCT/JP2005/013904 JP2005013904W WO2006011583A1 WO 2006011583 A1 WO2006011583 A1 WO 2006011583A1 JP 2005013904 W JP2005013904 W JP 2005013904W WO 2006011583 A1 WO2006011583 A1 WO 2006011583A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B9/00—Safety arrangements
- G05B9/02—Safety arrangements electric
- G05B9/03—Safety arrangements electric with multiple-channel loop, i.e. redundant control systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
- G05B19/058—Safety, monitoring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/11—Plc I-O input output
- G05B2219/1184—Test ability of input for on, off capability
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/11—Plc I-O input output
- G05B2219/1186—Redundant inputs parallel, outputs series, load safe switch off, AND condition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/11—Plc I-O input output
- G05B2219/1189—Duplicated I-O also triple
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/11—Plc I-O input output
- G05B2219/1195—Critical I-O monitored by safety module connected to plc, other I-Os by plc self
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/14—Plc safety
- G05B2219/14007—Plc as standalone for safety control of machine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/14—Plc safety
- G05B2219/14054—Self test
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/14—Plc safety
- G05B2219/14116—Safe, emergency shutdown, esd of system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/14—Plc safety
- G05B2219/14126—Redundant I-O points, two sensors, actuators for same point
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/24—Pc safety
- G05B2219/24173—One sensor, two I-O channels each for different processor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/24—Pc safety
- G05B2219/24184—Redundant I-O, software comparison of both channels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/24—Pc safety
- G05B2219/24186—Redundant processors are synchronised
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/24—Pc safety
- G05B2219/24196—Plausibility check in channels for correct sequence or result
Definitions
- the present invention relates to sequence control for the operation of robots and machine tools and their peripheral devices.
- PLC programmable controller
- FIG. 14 illustrates a circuit diagram (normally) of a known input circuit 201 used in a conventional programmable controller.
- This input circuit 20 1 is a partial concise representation of the actual input circuit used.
- switches SW 1 and SW 0, which are emergency stop switches, are duplicated and are normally closed contacts, and current flows through photocouplers 1 0, 2 0, 3-0, 4 _0J. — Used in motion state- 3 ⁇ 4_.
- the switches SW 1 and SW 0 are opened, the current flowing through the photoforce bras 10 and 20 and the current flowing through the photoforce bras 30 and 40 are both cut off. In this way, the input signal from switch SW 1 is input and processed.
- Circuit system (the upper half system of the input circuit 2 0 1 shown in the figure may be referred to as the A system hereinafter) and the circuit system that inputs and processes the input signal from the switch SWO (shown in the figure)
- the lower half system of the input circuit 2 0 1 is sometimes referred to as the B system below.
- the input signal indicating the open / closed state of switch SW 1 detected from the system A and the input signal indicating the open / closed state of switch SWO detected from the system B match.
- it is handled as a normal input signal, and subsequent logic processing is executed to control the output device. For example, if the emergency stop switch is pressed and the contact is opened, the two input signals output from the switch are both coincident signals indicating the open state. Thus, an emergency stop process that stops the operation of all output devices is executed.
- Fig. 14 symbols a, b, c, and d indicate inverters (logic inverters), respectively.
- a diagnostic pulse OA signal L in the figure
- the photocoupler 40 The potential at the diagnostic pulse input terminal 4 0 a rises. This ensures that the photocoupler 4 Fei - an LED emission which built, path k scan - because it is only a period of ⁇ temporarily interrupted, normal current i n that has passed through the follower Tokabura 3 0 once Blocked. Therefore, the diagnostic result (response signal to diagnostic pulse OA) is input to the other B-system control microcomputer (not shown) via inverter c. IB) temporarily shifts from 1 to 0.
- Figure 15-A shows that when the terminals P and Q are not short-circuited and the switches SW 1 and SW 0 are both closed, the above diagnostic pulse OA (in the figure This shows the relationship between the diagnostic pulse OA and the response signal IB when the signal L) is output. Conversely, the same symmetrical relationship holds when the diagnostic pulse OB is similarly transmitted from the microcomputer for B system control.
- the relationship between the diagnostic pulse OB and the response signal I A shown in FIG. 14 is shown in FIG. 15-B.
- a diagnosis composed of computers having different diagnostic pulse transmitting sides and response signal receiving sides for such diagnostic pulses is referred to as a cross diagnosis hereinafter.
- a communication means and a diagnosis result sharing means may be provided between the microcomputers so that the above response signal received on the receiving side can be immediately referred to from the diagnostic pulse transmitting side. .
- the input circuit 2 is obtained by duplicating the switch open / close signal transmission line and the switch itself as shown in FIG.
- Patent Document 1 is Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-46 3 48
- Patent Document 2 is No. 2 0 0 2-3 5 8 1 0 6 publication.
- the duplicated input circuit 20 1 When short circuit between the input terminals P, Q for one input device, will be the A system and the B system off site force bra are connected in series, because this short circuit current i s in the figure occurs, the photocoupler 1 0, 2 0, 30, 40 have switch SW
- the input signal of the terminal system that is not short-circuited will be in the open state when the duplicated switch is in the open state.
- the system will remain closed, but the emergency stop process will be activated immediately after the duplex signal is judged to be incomplete, and no problem will occur.
- each of the various parts of the input circuit arranged in parallel in this way
- the status of the input terminal is periodically output for each of the diagnostic pulses J_output for each terminal, and the safety of the system is constantly monitored by cyclically executing the process of reading ⁇ force Look.
- the circuit is short-circuited. This current is also cut off by the diagnostic pulse, and this phenomenon can be detected by changing the level of the input signal. Therefore, even if the mismatch detection means does not work effectively, it is possible to detect the aforementioned short-circuit fault based on this cyclic diagnosis if such a cyclic diagnosis is always performed.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to more reliably detect a failure and to perform an emergency stop more reliably and quickly. Disclosure of the invention
- a plurality of external input devices and processing devices that process input signal groups input from these external input devices are multiplexed into a plurality of systems.
- the input signal group of the system matches.
- ⁇ In the case of a genuine input signal ⁇ , if it does not match, an abnormal stop process is performed.
- the pulse output means the diagnostic pulse output from the diagnostic pulse output means of the processing device of another system, and the check means for blocking the propagation of the input signal group only during those pulse periods, and the diagnosis of the own system
- the signal (response signal) of the input signal group (response pattern) corresponding to the diagnostic pulse output from the pulse output means changes, it comprises an abnormality determination means that performs an abnormal stop process.
- the number of multiplexing in the present invention is arbitrary. Diagnostic pulse is output in parallel from one system to the other system, and the input of the own system that outputs the diagnostic pulse is cut off from propagation of the input signal group of the other system for the pulse period. It is a feature of the present invention that the state of the signal group is determined. If there is no failure, the system is independent, and the input signal group of its own system that does not receive the diagnostic pulse is not affected by the diagnostic pulse. However, if a certain type of short circuit occurs between the terminals, a circuit is formed, and the signals of the input signal group of its own system change under the influence of the diagnostic pulse input to the other system. This makes it possible to instantly find a failure and execute emergency stop processing.
- the input device is not particularly limited, but in general, a contact such as a switch is assumed. Normally, these contacts are often used as normally closed contacts. At this time, the input circuit is always used in a state where a current is supplied. When the switch is opened, the circuit current is cut off, and this change becomes a meaningful input signal.
- a diagnostic pulse group is output in parallel with unique timings different from each other. At this time, each multiplexed system is guaranteed. If the independence of each individual system to be broken is broken by a short circuit etc., at least one signal in the input signal group of the own system that should not change at all changes, and the change is Detected in Is done. For this reason, according to the first means of the present invention, it is possible to detect at least that the independence of the own system is broken, and thus it is possible to guarantee each multiplexed system to be assured. When the independence of the system is broken by a short circuit, etc., the abnormal stop process described above is performed, and as a result, accidents due to a short circuit can be prevented.
- the second means of the present invention includes a first input terminal group for inputting a first input signal group output from a group of external input devices each configured in duplicate, and an input to the first input terminal.
- the first signal processing device that processes the first input signal group, the second input terminal group that inputs the second input signal group that is output from the external input device group, and the input to the second input terminal group
- a second signal processing device that processes a second input signal group, a first input signal that is configured in duplicate and is one element of the input signal group, and a second input signal that forms a pair with the signal.
- the first signal processing device is the first signal processing device
- the second signal processing device is the first.
- First diagnostic pulse output means for parallel output of diagnostic pulse group and second signal processing
- the first diagnostic pulse group from the first diagnostic pulse output means and the first check means for parallelly inputting the second diagnostic pulse group output from the device and blocking the propagation of the first input signal group for those pulse periods.
- Second diagnostic pulse output means for outputting the second diagnostic pulse group in parallel to the first check means at a timing different from the output of the diagnostic pulse group, and -output from the first diagnostic pulse output means _first
- the diagnostic pulse group is input to the second diagnostic means that inputs and blocks the propagation of the second input signal group for the duration of those pulses, and the second diagnostic pulse group output from the second diagnostic pulse output means.
- the second input signal group changes Abnormal stop it is determined that the abnormality And a second abnormality determination means for performing a stop process.
- the number of multiplexing is set to two.
- Each system has a symmetric circuit configuration, and the diagnostic pulse is output to other systems as in the invention of claim 1, but the input signal in the system that outputs the diagnostic pulse in parallel.
- Abnormality determination is performed by detecting the state of the group. When the switch that is the input device is opened in the state where the short-circuit fault as described above has occurred, when a diagnostic pulse is input and the circuit current is cut off for the duration of the pulse, the current of other circuits Will also be blocked. An abnormal state can be detected by determining the state of the input signal group from another circuit not receiving the diagnostic pulse.
- the diagnostic pulse is output in parallel to the input terminal group, so that the abnormality diagnosis can be completed after the delay of the processing time of the input signal group from this output timing.
- the delay time at this time is only the cycle time of the output of the diagnostic pulse, that is, for example, about 18 m sec.
- system A the system in which the first signal processing device in the second means of the present invention controls safety management
- system B the system in which the other second signal processing device controls safety management
- the first and second diagnostic pulse groups are output in parallel at different timings different between the A system and the B system.
- the independence of the individual units that should be maintained for each of the systems that are duplicated in parallel ie, system A and system B
- the independence of the individual units that should be maintained for each of the systems that are duplicated in parallel is broken by short-circuiting 3 ⁇ 4_ ⁇ .
- At least one signal in the input signal group that should not be changed may change, and this change is detected in the own system. Therefore, according to the second means of the present invention, the first Alternatively, it is possible to detect that the independence of the own system is broken on the basis of each second abnormality determination means, and in this case, the independence of individual systems to be guaranteed for each of the duplicated systems.
- the abnormal stop process described above is performed. As a result, accidents due to a short circuit can be prevented.
- the short circuit example shown in Fig. 16 can be given.
- the short-circuit current i s passes through the A system circuit (photocouplers 1 0 and 2 0) and the B system circuit (photocouplers 3 0 and 4 0) in series. So in this point, the independence between system A and system B is broken.
- the abnormal or urgent state is the same as when the diagnostic pulse shown in Fig. 1-A or Fig. 1B is transmitted. It can be detected by the response pattern. That is, it can be said that the short-circuit fault detection action illustrated in FIG. 1A or FIG. 1B is an example using the above-described action of the present invention.
- the third means of the present invention is the above-mentioned first means, wherein when the signal from the same input terminal of the input signal group is continuously changed a predetermined number of times by the above-mentioned abnormality determination means, it is determined as abnormal.
- the fourth means of the present invention is the above-mentioned second means, wherein the signal from the same input terminal of the first input signal group is continuously changed a predetermined number of times by the first abnormality determination means.
- the second abnormality determining means described above is a means for determining that an abnormality has occurred and stopping abnormally when signals from the same input terminal of the second input signal group have changed continuously a predetermined number of times.
- the third or fourth means of the present invention when a signal from the same input terminal in the input signal group changes continuously for a predetermined number of times, it is determined that it is abnormal. Even when there is a lot of noise that can affect the input signal at the site, it is possible to realize stable safety management that is not affected by those noises. Such measures for stabilization of control are particularly effective at sites where a lot of power equipment that generates noise is used.
- the fifth means of the present invention is the above-described first or third means, wherein the signal processing device of-system is serially diagnosed for each input terminal with respect to the processing device of other systems.
- Serial diagnostic pulse output means that outputs pulses and serial diagnostic pulses that are serially output for each input terminal from the serial pulse output means of other systems of processing devices It is provided with a pulse check means that performs an abnormal stop process by determining that there is an abnormality when the input signal does not change.
- the first serial diagnostic pulse is serially sent to the first signal processing device described above for each second input terminal. Input the first serial diagnostic pulse output to the check means and the second serial diagnostic path output to I y_al from the second signal processing device to the first check means for each input terminal. Teso ",.
- a first pulse check means for determining an abnormality when the first input signal does not change corresponding to the pulse period and performing an abnormal stop process
- the above second signal processing device includes a serial
- the second serial diagnostic pulse is 1 Input the second serial diagnostic pulse output means to output to the check means and the first serial diagnostic pulse output serially from the first serial diagnostic pulse output means to the second check means for each input terminal.
- a second pulse check means for determining an abnormality and performing an abnormal stop process when the second input signal does not change.
- the serial diagnostic pulse described above is output serially for each input terminal. Even faults such as unauthorized interference and short circuits can be verified (diagnostic).
- a seventh means of the present invention is the above-mentioned first, third, or fifth means, wherein a photopower bra that inputs an input signal and a light emitting diode of the photocabra are connected in series.
- the above-mentioned checking means is composed of a phototransistor connected to the phototransistor and a photopower braid composed of a light emitting diode for inputting a diagnostic pulse and emitting an optical signal to the phototransistor.
- Circuits such as a photopower bra that process signals are always used with current supplied. When the switch is opened, the circuit current is cut off, and this change becomes a meaningful input signal.
- the eighth hair stage of the present invention is a photocabler that inputs the first input signal in any one of the second, first, fourth or sixth means. And a phototransistor connected in series with the light-emitting diode of the photocabble and a second diagnostic, which emits an optical signal to the phototransistor by inputting a pulse.
- the first check means described above is configured from a photopower bra consisting of a photodiode, and the photopower bra for inputting the second input signal is connected in series to the light emitting diode of the photopower bra.
- the second check means described above is composed of a phototransistor connected to the phototransistor and a photocoupler composed of a light emitting diode that inputs a first diagnostic pulse and emits an optical signal to the phototransistor.
- the circuit switching operation and the circuit interruption detection operation when the diagnosis is performed are executed by the photocabler. Since these signals are propagated by light of a predetermined wavelength, the following advantages can be obtained.
- the above-mentioned circuit switching operation and circuit interruption detection operation can be stably realized in a form in which noise in the field environment is not directly picked up.
- Fig. 1 A is a graph illustrating the relationship between a diagnostic pulse and a response signal (short circuit).
- Fig. 1 — B illustrates the relationship between a diagnostic pulse and a response signal.
- Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the programmer puno and controller input circuit 20 0 0 of Example 1 and
- Fig. 3 A is a diagram of each processing device (1 0 0 A, 1 0 0 B), and Fig.
- FIG. 3 — B is a graph illustrating the response pattern (input pattern of each response signal)
- Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the cross diagnosis (A system) executed by the microcomputer 10 OA
- Fig. 5 shows the cross diagnosis (system B) executed by the microcomputer 10 OB
- Fig. 6 is a calculation table for the diagnostic period depending on the number of measurements N and the number of terminals M.
- Fig. 7 illustrates the execution procedure of self-diagnosis A performed by the microcomputer 100 A.
- Fig. 8 is a flow chart illustrating the execution procedure of self-diagnosis B performed by microcomputer 1.10 0 B.
- Fig. 9 is a diagram of input signal sampling (system A).
- Figure 10 is a flow chart that illustrates the execution procedure.
- Figure 10 is a flow chart that illustrates the execution procedure for sampling the input signal (system B).
- Figure 11 illustrates the majority process (system B).
- Fig. 1 3 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure for creating the majority word MA.
- Fig. 1 4 is a circuit diagram of the conventional input circuit 2 0 1 (normally)
- Fig. 1 5 — A is a graph (normal) illustrating the relationship between the diagnostic pulse and the response signal.
- Fig. 1 5 — B illustrates the relationship between the diagnostic pulse and the response signal.
- Fig. 16 is a circuit diagram of the conventional input circuit 201 (at the time of short circuit).
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the input circuit 200 of the programmable controller according to the first embodiment.
- the input terminals O and P constitute the first input terminal with these two terminals.
- input terminals Q and R constitute the second input terminal.
- the Switches SW 1 and SW 0 are dual emergency emergency stop buttons. When the emergency stop button is pressed, both switches SW 1 and SW 0 open simultaneously. That is, when the emergency stop button is pressed, the electrical connection between the input terminals O and Q and between the input terminals P and R is cut off.
- This emergency stop button represents an external input device. Actually, many other external input devices (not shown) are connected to this emergency stop button in parallel with this emergency stop button. Similarly arranged and connected. Any external input device may be used. For example, various contacts such as switches, limit switches, relays, and sensors can be connected.
- the input terminal O in Fig. 2 is a + 24V DC power supply terminal.
- Input terminal R is maintained at the ground level ( ⁇ 0 V). Since switch SW1 in Fig. 2 is always closed during normal operation, a stable 24 V DC voltage is always applied between input terminals 0 and P during normal operation. Similarly, switch SW 0 is always closed during normal operation, so a stable 24 V DC voltage is always applied between input terminals Q and R during normal operation.
- the right side of the boundary (Mycon 10 OA, Mycon 10 OB side) is configured as a 5-V power system.
- the voltages V B and V A_U in Fig. 2 are also set to +5 V.
- the current flowing from the LED provided in the photocoupler 10 of FIG. 2 to the phototransistor provided in the photocoupler 20 always flows in normal times. This is because current is always flowing through the LEDs provided in the photopower bra 20 during normal times.
- the current flowing from the LED included in the photocoupler 30 of FIG. 2 toward the phototransistor included in the photocoupler 40 always flows in normal times. This is because current is always flowing to the LED provided in the photopower bra 40 during normal times.
- the first input terminals form a group.
- this group is referred to as the first input terminal group.
- the input signals output from each external input device and input to the first input terminal group are hereinafter referred to as a first input signal group.
- the input signals output from each external input device and input to the second input terminal group are hereinafter referred to as a second input signal group.
- the input circuit 20 0 in FIG. 2 has a first input terminal (0, P) and a first signal processing device 10 0 O A, and these constitute the upper half system.
- this system is called A system.
- it has a second input terminal (Q, R) and a second signal processing device 1 00 0 0 B, and these constitute a lower half system.
- this system is called B system.
- Microcontroller for A system control that manages A system safety management 10 A logical inverter (inverter a) is arranged at the input of OA. Therefore, HZ L (ie, 1 Z 0) is inverted before and after the inverter a in the signal output from the photocoupler 10 and input to the microcomputer 10 OA via the inverter a.
- the other inverters b, c, () also have the same inversion action.
- MY-YUN-: LOOA- outputs are arranged with the first diagnostic panohis output hand ⁇ L 1 0_A ⁇ . 1 Diagnostic pulse output means 1 1
- the OA outputs diagnostic pulses in parallel to the unillustrated photocabra of other external input devices connected in parallel. You can. Of course, as in the conventional device, diagnostic pulses can be output individually in serial to each external input device.
- the microcomputer 100 B is a microcomputer for the B system control that manages the safety management of the B system, and a diagnostic circuit for DC power supply diagnosis composed mainly of the photocoupler 50 is added. Except for this point, it is configured and arranged symmetrically with the microcomputer 100A, as with the microcomputer 100A.
- the second diagnostic pulse output means 1 1 0 B is disposed at the output section of the microcomputer 1 0 0 B, and this second diagnostic pulse output means 1 1 0 B corresponds to the photocabler 2 0.
- diagnostic pulses can be output in parallel to the unillustrated photocabra connected to other external input devices connected in parallel.
- diagnostic pulses can be serially output individually and sequentially to photo force bras (check means) corresponding to these individual external input devices.
- the photocoupler 10 and the photocoupler 20 constitute a part corresponding to the first check means of the present invention.
- Such a pair of photobras is placed in each input circuit of the A system corresponding to each external input device, so that the propagation of the first input signal group is temporarily interrupted. can do.
- the photo force bra 30 and the photo coupler 40 constitute a portion corresponding to the second check means of the present invention. In other words, this makes it possible to temporarily block the propagation of the second input signal group.
- the first diagnostic pulse output means 1 1 0 A will change the first input signal to The first and second diagnostic pulse output means 1 1 0 B
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a time chart related to the operation of each of the above microcomputers (1 0 0 A, 1 0 0 B).
- This microcomputer 1 0 OA, 1 0 OB The control cycle ⁇ is set to 18 msec.
- the time shown in the figure represents the time t within the control cycle with reference to the start time of this control cycle.
- the cross diagnosis shown in the figure is executed in a part of the time zone in which the time t in the control period is between 13.5 msec and 15.5 msec. In this cross diagnosis, both microcomputers 10 OA and 10 OB are used.
- the microcomputer 100 In the self-diagnosis A that is executed in a part of the time zone between the time of 15.5 msec and 16.5 msec in the control cycle, only the microcomputer 100 A is used. In the self-diagnosis B that is executed in a part of the time zone in which the time t in the control cycle is 16.5 msec to 17.5 msec, only the microcomputer 100B is used.
- Figure 3 shows an example of the response pattern (input pattern of each response signal I A (m), I B (m)) corresponding to the diagnostic pulse.
- the natural number m is a serial number assigned to each external input device, and in the following, in Example 1, it is assumed that the maximum value of m is 24.
- the diagnostic pulse OB (m (m) is output in parallel from the second diagnostic pulse output means 1 1 0 B of the B system microcomputer 100 B to the first check means.
- the response signal IA (m) (1 ⁇ m ⁇ 2 4) input to the A system microcomputer 1 0 0 A should change. If the independence of the A system and the B system in the input circuit 20 ⁇ is secured and maintained, as already discussed using Figs. 14 and 15-B, The response signal IB (m) (m ⁇ m ⁇ 2 4) input to the microcomputer 1 0 0 B should not change at all.
- Figure 4 shows an example of a flow chart for cross diagnosis (A system) executed by microcomputer 10 O A.
- This cross diagnosis embodies the sixth means of the present invention, whereby the cross diagnosis shown in FIG. 3A is realized. That is, the diagnostic pulse OA (m) in this figure is a diagnostic pulse for diagnosing the A-system input circuit of the m-th external input device as described above. Is output. This output is serially applied to each external input device in the cross diagnosis (system A) in Fig. 4.
- the program 7 0 0 is similar to the program 8 0 0 for executing the cross diagnosis (system B) shown in Fig. 5 and is configured symmetrically and complementarily.
- the program 7 0 0 and the program 8 0 With 0, the cross diagnosis shown in Fig.
- control variable m always points to the serial number of the external input device to be diagnosed.
- control variable n indicates the number of times of the same diagnostic operation repeated for the input circuit (A system) of the same external input device. The reason for performing such repetition is to realize the above-mentioned fourth means of the present invention.
- step 7 2 it waits for a timer interrupt.
- the subroutine call of step 73 is executed, and thereby, the sampling process of the input signal in FIG. 9 is started.
- This input signal sampling process is used to determine the signals (first input signal group and second input signal group) input to the input 3 ⁇ 4 3 ⁇ 4? .. ⁇ ⁇ by a predetermined statistical operation. Is.
- This statistical operation will be explained in detail later in detail, but this statistical operation is not limited to noise, etc. This is mainly for countermeasures against disturbance. However, the effect is not necessarily limited to measures against disturbance.
- the response signal IB (i) held on the microcomputer 10 0 B side can be referenced from the microcomputer 1 0 0 A side via a bus or shared memory between both microcomputers at any time. .
- step 7 40 therefore, all response signals IA (i) (l ⁇ i ⁇ 2 4) input to microcomputer 10 OA are stored in a predetermined save area (24 bits). All the response signals IB (i) (1 ⁇ i ⁇ 2 4) input to the microcomputer 1 0 0 B are also saved in a predetermined save area (24 bits).
- diagnostic pulse OA (i) and diagnostic pulse OB (i) (1 ⁇ i ⁇ 2 4) have not been issued before, so in step 7 8 0 later, response signal IA (i) If it can be confirmed that (l ⁇ i2 4) is all bits 1, it can be determined that these input bits (first input signal group) are normal. The same applies to the second input signal group (response signal I B (i)).
- Step 7 50 diagnostic pulse OA (m) is output to the B system check means of the mth external input device.
- the program 8 00 shown in FIG. 5 that is similar to and symmetrical to the program 7 0 0, in the step 8 5 0 corresponding to the step 7 5 0, the ⁇ -th external input device A system Since the diagnostic pulse OB (m) is output almost simultaneously to the check means, the above-described cross diagnosis is realized based on the cross relationship of the diagnostic pulses. However, strictly speaking, -examination-disconnection-pal O A (m), O B (m).
- step 7 60 the same processing as in step 7 40 is performed.
- a backup area for input data is provided separately. Based on the diagnostic data for 100 times stored in each of these evacuation areas, An abnormality judgment of 7 80 can be performed.
- step 8 40 to step in FIG. 5 a series of processing ⁇ composed of three steps from step 7 40 to step 7 60 is the step 8 40 to step in FIG. 5 described later.
- a series of processes ⁇ consisting of three steps up to 8 60 are executed mutually mutually with a shifted timing.
- the synchronization for executing this exclusive control may be realized by sequentially interrupting each other between the microcomputer 10 O A and the microcomputer 10 0 ⁇ .
- Steps 7700 to 774 are steps for realizing control for repeatedly performing the above input data storage processing 100 times. That is, this repeated control embodies the fourth means of the present invention.
- step 7 80 it is determined whether there is any abnormality in the A system input circuit of the mth external input device.
- the subroutine for issuing the emergency safety stop command is called in step 7 85 to complete the entire processing of this program 700. Return control to the caller.
- Steps 790 to 794 are to execute repetitive control to realize the cyclic processing for a total of 24 external input devices connected.
- the same processing related to the B system is executed in parallel in the same way as the program 700.
- the diagnostic pulses are crossed between different systems (that is, the processing ⁇ and ⁇ described above are mutually and exclusively controlled.
- the effect of constantly monitoring the normal operation of the control microcomputer of the other system can be obtained.
- FIG. 6 shows the calculation of the diagnostic cycle required for the cross diagnosis, which depends on the number of measurements N and the number of terminals M (total number of external input devices).
- the above-described cross diagnosis executed by the program 700 and the program 800 has excellent closeness with respect to the state of each input terminal, but tends to increase the diagnosis period ⁇ . For this reason, it is not always possible to detect within a short period of time, such as the occurrence of short-circuit faults or emergencies.
- both self-diagnosis A and self-diagnosis B for verifying the independence in the parallel multiplexing configuration for each system are used. Since it is carried out in a short time, it is possible to reliably detect short-circuit faults and emergencies as exemplified in the above-mentioned Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B with shorter diagnostic cycles than before.
- the second diagnosis pulse output means 1 1 OB of the B system microcomputer 10 OB is not used at all.
- the B system microcomputer 100 B should not execute any processing related to the processing of self-diagnosis A in Fig. 7 at all, and should basically be in an interrupt waiting state. .
- statistical processing for input signals and response signals may be executed in parallel behind the scenes.
- the first diagnostic pulse group is simultaneously output to the parallel by the first diagnostic pulse output means 1 1 O A. This eliminates the need for patrol control for each external input device.
- control variable n is the number of times the diagnostic pulse is output. The reason for carrying out such a repetition is to realize the above-mentioned fourth means of the present invention.
- step 3 2 the timer ⁇ "waits for interrupt.
- the subroutine call of step 330 is executed at this timing, and the sampling process of the input signal shown in FIG. 9 which will be described in detail later is started.
- This input signal sampling process is performed on the signals (first input signal group and second input signal group) input to the input circuit 200 by a predetermined statistical operation centering on the mismatch detection process. It is for confirmation.
- Step 3 3 5 performs the same processing as Step 7 4 0 described above.
- an input data saving area is provided separately.
- step 3 3 5 and later step 3 5 all A-system response signals IA (all 24 bits) are saved, but step 7 4 0 in Figure 4 above is stored.
- step 7 60 in Fig. 4 all B response signals IB may be stored at the same time.
- the abnormality determination in step 38 is performed.
- step 3 40 the first diagnostic pulse output means 1 1 0 A is sent to the diagnostic pulse OA (i) with respect to the B system check means (second check means) composed of photocouplers 3 0, 40, etc. ) (1 ⁇ i ⁇ 2 4) are output simultaneously in parallel via inverter b.
- the second checking means pairs of photocouplers 30 and 40 are provided in parallel, respectively. Due to the parallel output of this diagnostic pulse, for example, the power supply to the LED of the B system photocoupler 40 in Fig. 2 is temporarily interrupted, so the power supply to the LED of the photocoupler 30 is also temporarily interrupted. Is blocked. In other words, this kind of blockage occurs in all 24 pairs.
- step 3 5 the same processing as in step 7 4 0 described above is executed.
- a backup area for input data is provided separately.
- 10 diagnostic data accumulated in each of these evacuation areas and the above step 3 3 Based on the diagnostic data for 10 times stored in the save area in step 5, the abnormality determination in step 3880 can be performed. That is, steps 360 to 3664 are steps for realizing control for repeatedly performing the above input data storing process 10 times. This repetition embodies the fourth means of the present invention.
- each response signal IA (i) (1 ⁇ i ⁇ 2 4) is examined, and even if there is even one input signal IA (i) that has been zero for 10 consecutive times. In other words, if the current that is unduly interrupted by the A system side check means (first check means) is detected even at one power point, it is determined as abnormal.
- the emergency safety stop command issuance subroutine is called at step 390, the entire processing of this program 300 is terminated, and control is returned to the caller.
- the execution time of the program 3 0 0 in FIG. A similar process is executed.
- the independence of the processing of self-diagnosis A and self-diagnosis B can be ensured by sufficiently shifting the execution times of the program 400 and program 300. That is, in these self-diagnosis A Z B, the diagnostic pulses do not cross each other.
- the period (steps 6 6 4 when self-diagnosis A is executed, or step 4 6 4 when self-diagnosis B is executed (diagnosis periods ⁇ of self-diagnosis A and self-diagnosis B) is As you can see, it is 0.18 seconds.
- This length of time is assumed, for example, when an operator presses the emergency stop button for stopping the system in an emergency. It can be said that the length is within the allowable delay time and is well within the allowable range.
- Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the execution procedure of input signal sampling (system A).
- the first input signal group I A ′ is input.
- This first input signal group I A ′ is output to the microcomputer 10 OA from the same inverter a (input portion in FIG. 2) as the response signal IA.
- the first input signal group I A ′ is This is not a response signal to the diagnostic pulse OB but an input signal input to the input circuit 20 0 related to the A system of each external input device. Therefore, each bit is assigned to each external input device (24 units in total). Each corresponds.
- This input first input signal group I A ′ is held right-aligned on a one-word area with 32 bits as one word. The upper 8 bits are always set to 0 or ignored.
- step 5 4 OA the predetermined 24 bit data on the same one-word area MA (i) is transferred between the first input signal group IA 'and the corresponding bit for each bit.
- Logical product (AND) operation Here, the integer i is an argument of the array MA and is allocated separately for each time t in the basic control period ⁇ as shown in the figure. The result of this logical operation is held on the one-word area MA (i).
- the initial value of 1-word area MA (i) is 0 for the left 8 bits and 1 for all the 24 bits on the right.
- Step 5 6 In OA, Step 5 4 Count the number of executions of OA with control variable h.
- the input signal for which the first input signal group IA 'becomes 0 even once during the five samplings will be subjected to the operation of the AND operation (AND instruction).
- the value of the corresponding bit in the one-word area MA (i) is continuously stored in 0.
- an input signal that has become 0 (: OFF state) even once during the 5 samplings is continuously stored in 0 on the 1-word area MA (i).
- the diagnosis results for the above five times can be summarized and accumulated on a bit-by-bit basis on the one-word area MA (i).
- FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the execution procedure of input signal sampling (system B).
- This program 50 OB is similar to the above program 50 00 A, but as can be seen from Fig. 3-A, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and Fig. 9, depending on the timing to be called, the argument
- the rules for i and k are slightly different.
- the value of the second input signal group IB 'is t l 3.5 ms, 1 6.5 ms, 1 7 as shown in the Input sampling column of Fig. 3-A and Fig. 10 .
- Sampling is performed in the same control cycle in 3 steps of 5 ms. By repeating this for 5 cycles, a total of 15 sampling data is divided into three storage areas MB (1), MB (2), MB (3) at each time t. Summarized and accumulated through logical operations such as
- FIG 11 is a flow chart illustrating the execution procedure of the majority process (B system).
- this program 900 B as described above, a total of 15 sampling data is stored in 3 storage areas MB (at each time t), each for 5 times (5 control cycles) of diagnostic data. 1), MB (2), MB (3), and the storage area MB (k) 7
- step 9 4 OB each of 24 bits corresponding to each external input device between 3 words MB (1), MB (2), MB (3) A majority vote is taken between each corresponding bit.
- step 9 50 B a majority word MB that holds the result of the majority decision corresponding to each bit is transmitted from the microcomputer 100 B to the microcomputer 10 O A.
- step 9 60 B and later the initial value X of the above three words MB (1), MB (2), MB (3) is reset. This initial value X is 8 bits on the left side 0 as described above, and 1 on all 24 bits on the right side.
- Fig. 12 is a flow chart illustrating the procedure for performing mismatch detection.
- This program 9 0 O A is configured symmetrically with the above-mentioned program 9 0 0 B in substantially the same manner as the above-mentioned program 9 O O B from step 9 1 O A force to step 9 7 O A.
- this program 90 0 A instead of sending the majority MB in step 9 5 0 B (Fig. 1 1), the majority word MB in step 9 7 OA (Fig. 1 2) was 1 0 Receive from OB.
- This transmission / reception may be realized by sharing the primary storage device or may be realized by using a bus or the like.
- step 9 75 A of this program 90 OA it is determined whether or not the majority word MA created in step 9 4 OA matches the majority word MB created in step 9 4 0 B. As a result, if both match, control is passed to step 980 A, and if not, control is passed to step 990 A.
- Step 9 8 In OA compared to the conventional sequencer (sequence controller or sequential circuit) (not shown) connected to the microcomputer 10 OA, either the majority word MB or the majority word. MA Is sent (output). _ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ On the other hand, if the majority word MB and the majority word MA do not match, an emergency safety stop command is issued at step 9 90 A to execute the specified emergency safety stop operation.
- this emergency safety stop command is issued by a microcomputer 1 0 OA. Or, it is output as a predetermined stop signal to each stop means connected to the safety PLC output port of the microcomputer 10 OB.
- these stopping means for example, a well-known emergency stop brake, power supply breaker, or motor can be connected.
- FIG 13 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure for creating the majority word MA described above.
- This program 60 O A is configured to create the majority word M A of the A system, but the same logical operation may be performed in the B system.
- This program 60 O A is a subroutine that should be called and executed in step 9 4 O A above.
- the expanded macro format may be used.
- step 6 10 the logical product of the word M A (1) and the word MA (2) obtained in the program 50 O A is obtained and stored in the variable Y 1. Of course, this AND operation is performed for each bit.
- step 6 2 0 and step 6 3 the variable Y 2 and variable ⁇ 3 are combined with the logical product of word ⁇ (2) and word ⁇ (3), and word ⁇ (3) and word MA. Store the logical product with (1).
- step 6 40 the logical sum of the variables ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 obtained here is obtained, and the result of the operation is newly stored in the variable ⁇ 2. Of course, this OR operation is performed for each bit.
- next step 65 further, the logical sum of the variables ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 obtained here is obtained, and the operation result is stored in the majority word ⁇ .
- a desired _multiple conjunction can be obtained at high speed by the above five steps 6 10 to 6 50 (hence, five logical operation instructions ⁇ ).
- Step 5 4 0 A (Fig. 9) and Step 5 4 0 B (Fig. 10) receive a signal with a value of 0 (OFF signal indicating that the input has been cut off) at least once out of 5 times. If this is the case, the bit is configured using a criterion that it is determined to be 0. For example, if this criterion is used skillfully, most of the determination process is executed dynamically. In some cases, it is possible to minimize the save area of the reference data (input signal) by such a dynamic method.
- Example 1 duplication of the input circuit was divided into two systems, system A and system B.
- multiplexing of the input circuit can be realized with 3 or 4 multiplexing. good.
- _field—, _inconsistency _detection means __ ⁇ _ and inconsistency detection m processing; ⁇ Introduced or when a failure occurs in only one system, a triple system can be dynamically reduced to a dual system. This greatly reduces the chance of system outages It is also possible.
- the function of the present invention can be derived regardless of the multiplicity of these by properly configuring the means of the present invention.
- the essential principle of operation of the present invention is not directly related to the multiplicity when the system is multiplexed.
- Example 1 self-diagnosis A and self-diagnosis B are switched at the same time, but both are executed. However, only one of self-diagnosis A and self-diagnosis B is implemented. Even when it is adopted, it is possible to obtain a short-circuit fault detection effect due to the action of the self-diagnosis A or B in the first embodiment.
- a normal short-circuit fault can be detected by either self-diagnosis A or self-diagnosis B due to the symmetry of the input circuit. This is because there is no particular problem caused by omitting.
- self-diagnosis A and self-diagnosis B can be controlled by almost the same program 7 0 0 8 0 0, and it is possible to secure a period for execution at different times within one control cycle.
- This process (Self-diagnosis above) because it is easy, because it is necessary to ensure the reliability and reliability of the process by duplication of the process, or because the capacity of the temporary storage device is sufficient. Of course, there are many cases in which it is better to have a doubled.
- the above-mentioned basic control cycle ⁇ ⁇ may be further shortened by optimizing the control period.
- the advantage can be obtained in that the diagnostic cycle ⁇ can be shortened, or the manufacture and handling of the program 400 becomes unnecessary.
- each input circuit related to each external input device is duplicated.
- each input signal from all external input devices is not necessarily received.
- There is no need to duplicate That is, for devices that are not likely to be related to the occurrence of an emergency (external input device), it is sufficient to send the input signal to the input circuit in single mode.
- the present invention highly secures the reliability of input signals input to the programmable controller (PLC), the reliability of processing related to those input signals, and the safety of the system to be secured based on the reliability. Therefore, it can be effectively used for sequence control for the operation of robots, machine tools and their peripheral devices.
- PLC programmable controller
- the present invention can be used in an auto cruise system of an automobile, assuming various sensors (detection devices), information processing devices, and the like as the external input device.
- a safer auto cruise system may be configured.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/658,612 US8072889B2 (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-07-22 | Programmable controller |
EP05767004A EP1785791B1 (en) | 2004-07-30 | 2005-07-22 | Programmable controller |
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JP2004-222816 | 2004-07-30 | ||
JP2004222816A JP4349231B2 (ja) | 2004-07-30 | 2004-07-30 | プログラマブルコントローラ |
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US (1) | US8072889B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1785791B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4349231B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100470419C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2006011583A1 (ja) |
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JP5404442B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-18 | 2014-01-29 | 株式会社東芝 | 安全入力装置 |
WO2011135656A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-11-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 安全装置および故障検出方法 |
JP5590164B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-09-17 | 株式会社安川電機 | ロボットシステム |
DE102013106739A1 (de) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sicherheitsschaltvorrichtung mit fehlersicheren Eingängen |
JP6340886B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-10 | 2018-06-13 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | プログラマブルロジックコントローラ用プログラムの作成支援装置及びプログラマブルロジックコントローラ用プログラムの作成支援方法 |
JP6825412B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-21 | 2021-02-03 | オムロン株式会社 | モータ制御装置 |
JP6870555B2 (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2021-05-12 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 監視装置 |
KR102262090B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-06-07 | 안재봉 | 피엘씨의 입력 이중화 처리장치 및 방법 |
Citations (3)
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JPH08221116A (ja) * | 1995-02-20 | 1996-08-30 | Hitachi Ltd | 診断機能付きディジタル入力装置 |
JPH11259101A (ja) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-09-24 | East Japan Railway Co | フェールセーフ出力装置 |
JP2005044074A (ja) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-02-17 | Japan Control Engineering Co Ltd | セーフティコントローラー、セーフティコントローラーに含まれる安全出力回路の診断をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムおよびそのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体 |
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JP2002358106A (ja) | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-13 | Omron Corp | 安全コントローラ |
JP4131134B2 (ja) | 2002-07-09 | 2008-08-13 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | 制御装置、その入力回路及び制御装置の信号入力方法 |
-
2004
- 2004-07-30 JP JP2004222816A patent/JP4349231B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-22 CN CN200580025214.3A patent/CN100470419C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-22 US US11/658,612 patent/US8072889B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-07-22 EP EP05767004A patent/EP1785791B1/en not_active Ceased
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Patent Citations (3)
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JPH08221116A (ja) * | 1995-02-20 | 1996-08-30 | Hitachi Ltd | 診断機能付きディジタル入力装置 |
JPH11259101A (ja) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-09-24 | East Japan Railway Co | フェールセーフ出力装置 |
JP2005044074A (ja) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-02-17 | Japan Control Engineering Co Ltd | セーフティコントローラー、セーフティコントローラーに含まれる安全出力回路の診断をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムおよびそのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取り可能な記録媒体 |
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D.S. SIKORA ET AL.: "EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM", BICYCLING SCIENCE, 11 September 1989 (1989-09-11) |
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CN100470419C (zh) | 2009-03-18 |
JP2006040195A (ja) | 2006-02-09 |
US20080082212A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
US8072889B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
EP1785791A4 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
EP1785791B1 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
EP1785791A1 (en) | 2007-05-16 |
CN101002149A (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
JP4349231B2 (ja) | 2009-10-21 |
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