WO2006009297A1 - Es細胞を用いたキメラ作製 - Google Patents
Es細胞を用いたキメラ作製 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006009297A1 WO2006009297A1 PCT/JP2005/013685 JP2005013685W WO2006009297A1 WO 2006009297 A1 WO2006009297 A1 WO 2006009297A1 JP 2005013685 W JP2005013685 W JP 2005013685W WO 2006009297 A1 WO2006009297 A1 WO 2006009297A1
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- cell
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- gene
- pluripotent
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0271—Chimeric animals, e.g. comprising exogenous cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
- C12N15/873—Techniques for producing new embryos, e.g. nuclear transfer, manipulation of totipotent cells or production of chimeric embryos
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/07—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination
- A01K2217/075—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination inducing loss of function, i.e. knock out
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a chimeric animal using pluripotent cells in which specific genes such as genes involved in germ cell formation and genes involved in the immune system are mutated or deleted.
- chimeric mice were formed using ES cells and mated with chimeric mice in order to produce mice with modified genes such as knockout mice.
- mice In order to produce these genetically modified mice, excellent ES cells are established, genetic modification is efficiently performed in the ES cells, and the genetically modified ES cells form a chimeric mouse. Genetic alterations made in ES cells need to be transmitted to the germline and transmitted to the next generation.
- ES cells The establishment of ES cells depends largely on the mouse strain, and the establishment of ES cells is low, and the ES cells that have been established lose their ability to propagate to the germ line as they are subcultured. Cells should also be used without repeated passages whenever possible. This tendency was particularly significant when using inbred mice.
- tetraploid dress cue method as a method for selectively producing chimeric mice from ES cells (Nagy A et a Development 110, 815-821 (1990)).
- ES cells are injected into a tetraploid fertilized egg, and the tetraploid cells develop into the placenta,
- the obtained chimeric mouse develops a disorder such as respiratory disorder or malformation and cannot survive for a long time (Eggan K et al., PNAS 98, 6209-6214 (2001)). It could not be an effective manufacturing method.
- the present inventor has solved these problems and has developed a method for effectively producing a reproductive chimera.
- One is the early embryo that can not form a germ cell C- of ki t mutant mice, W v / + mice and W / + is fertilized embryos obtained by the forward and reverse mating of mouse (W v / W or W / W v ) and cannot form germ cells in both sexes (sterility / infertility) Inject embryonic cells into the early embryos of mice, and create chimeric mice that have only germ cells derived from ES cells.
- the manufacturing method see Patent Document 1.
- the present inventors adapted mitochondria DNA and nuclear DNA by substituting mitochondria DNA of ES cells or cells of early embryos into which ES cells were injected with wild-type mitochondrial DNA.
- a method for producing a chimeric mouse that does not cause disorders such as respiratory disorder and malformation has been developed (see Patent Document 2).
- the ES cells to be used need to maintain their proliferation ability, undifferentiated state and differentiation ability without repeated passage, which is not efficient in terms of ES cell preparation. .
- Patent Document 1 W 03/071869 International Publication Pamphlet
- Patent Document 2 W0 03/072777 International Publication Pamphlet Disclosure of Invention
- the present invention is a novel method using two or more types of cells including a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene has been lost, and another pluripotent cell having the function.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a chimeric animal, and to produce a chimeric animal produced by the method, producing a protein or tissue of the same or a different animal, or in which a desired pluripotent cell is transmitted to the germ line.
- the present invention provides a pluripotent cell that lacks a specific gene and loses the function involved in the gene, and the pluripotency It is intended to provide a method for establishing other pluripotent cells using cells.
- germline chimeric mice can be efficiently produced by using ES cells and embryos derived from mice that cannot modify germ cells such as W v / W mice (W / W v mice). A method for manufacturing the same has been established.
- ES cells used in the production of chimeric mice have a high proliferation ability, but in reality, it is not easy to establish ES cells having a high proliferation ability. However, the proliferating ability of ES cells that had been subcultured decreased, and the chimeric mouse could not be produced efficiently.
- ES cells obtained in the past have a male XY sex chromosome, chimera mice become mostly male if ES cells contribute greatly, and the conventional method has a sex ratio of the chimeric mice that are born. I could't control it.
- the present inventors established ES cells from mouse embryos that cannot form germ cells, and co-cultured these ES cells with cells derived from animal reproductive organs, thereby efficiently producing reproductive organs.
- ES cells were established from the cells derived from them.
- ES cells by establishing ES cells from mouse embryos that cannot form germ cells and injecting them into the host embryo at the same time as the desired ES cells, fertilized embryos derived from mice that cannot form the aforementioned germ cells are prepared.
- the ability of other ES cells to proliferate can be improved by co-culturing ES cells established from mice that cannot form germ cells with other ES cells, for example, ES cells that have been genetically modified. I found what I could do.
- ES cells established from the above-mentioned mouse embryos that cannot form germ cells are injected into other embryonic stem cells together with other ES cells, for example, genetically modified ES cells, to generate other ES cells.
- ES cells derived from mouse embryos that have mutations in genes involved in the formation of germ cells and cannot form breeding cells and ES cells that can form germ cells When injected into an early embryo of an animal and generated, ES cells that can form germ cells are propagated to the breeding line, so that the offspring of the chimeric individual is derived from ES cells that can form the germ cells.
- the present inventors derived from an animal having a specific gene such as an ES cell derived from an embryo such as an immunodeficient mouse or a lymphocyte-deficient mouse that is mutated or deleted and has a disorder in a function related to the gene.
- a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost in a chimeric individual
- the present inventors have found that cells other than those function and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- Two or more types of cells including a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost and other pluripotent cells other than the pluripotent cell,
- a method for producing a chimeric animal comprising injecting a host embryo.
- Two or more types of cells including a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene was mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene was lost and other pluripotent cells other than the pluripotent cell were co-cultured
- [4] A chimeric animal in which a gene derived from a cell other than a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function associated with the gene is lost functions. [1] to [3] A method for producing such a chimeric animal.
- [5] A chimeric animal in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted, and a gene corresponding to the mutated or deleted gene derived from a cell other than a pluripotent cell that has lost the function involved in the gene functions.
- a pluripotent cell other than a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function associated with the gene is lost is a cell that has undergone genetic modification [1] to [5] A method for producing any chimeric animal.
- a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene has been lost »Other cells than the pluripotent cell have a specific gene mutated or deleted and the function that the gene is involved in Lost pluripotent cells are homologous in animal taxonomy [1] to [1
- a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene has been lost is selected from the group consisting of mouse, rat, buyu, ushi, horse, hidge, goat and monkey
- mice Other genes other than pluripotent cells that have been mutated or deleted in a specific gene and have lost the functions involved in the gene are mice, rats, buyu, ushi, horse, hidge, goat, monkey And a method for producing a chimeric animal of any one of [1] to [15], which is derived from an animal selected from the group consisting of humans.
- a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene has been lost is a pluripotent cell that cannot form a germ cell obtained by cross-species hybridization [1]
- Pluripotent cells in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene has been lost A pluripotent cell in which a gene involved in germ cell formation has been mutated or deleted and cannot form a germ cell
- a specific gene is mutated or deleted, and the gene is involved In the production of chimeric animals [17], other pluripotent cells other than those that have lost their function are transmitted to the germ line Method.
- a pluripotent cell that is unable to form a germ cell derived from a C-kit mutant animal is a pluripotent cell that has failed to form a germ cell because a gene involved in germ cell formation has been mutated or deleted
- a method for producing a chimeric animal is
- a pluripotent cell other than a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene has been lost is a cell that has undergone genetic modification, and the gene has been modified
- a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene has been lost is a pluripotent cell in which a gene involved in the immune system has been mutated or deleted and the immune function is impaired
- a pluripotent cell in which a gene involved in the immune system has been mutated or deleted and the immune function is impaired is a pluripotent cell in which the gene encoding the antibody has been mutated or deleted and the ability to produce antibodies has been lost
- the method for producing a chimeric animal [26] The method for producing a chimeric animal according to [24], wherein a gene involved in the immune system is mutated or deleted, and the immune function is impaired.
- the pluripotent cell is a pluripotent cell derived from an immunodeficient animal.
- lymphocyte-deficient animal is an animal in which RAG-1 gene and Z or RAG-2 gene are mutated or deleted.
- a specific gene has been mutated or deleted, and the function involved in the gene has been lost.
- a gene that is involved in the formation of a specific tissue or organ or a gene that encodes a specific protein has been mutated or [17]
- a specific gene has been mutated or deleted, and the function given by the gene has been lost.
- a gene that is involved in the immune system of a pluripotent cell is mutated or deleted, and a gene that is also involved in germ cell formation
- the method for producing a chimeric animal according to [17] which is a pluripotent cell in which a gene involved in the formation of a specific tissue or organ or a gene encoding a specific protein is mutated or deleted.
- a gene involved in germ cell formation is mutated or deleted, and the pluripotent cell that does not form a germ cell and a pluripotent cell in which the gene involved in germ cell formation is mutated or deleted Fused cells with the same or different species in animal taxonomy, or
- a pluripotent cell that is mutated or defective in genes involved in the immune system and has impaired immune function
- a fusion cell of the pluripotent cell having a mutation in or deficient in a gene involved in the immune system and having impaired immune function and a cell that is heterologous in animal taxonomy with respect to the pluripotent cell, or
- the gene involved in the immune system is mutated or deleted, and the pluripotent cells having impaired immune function and the heterologous cells contribute to the formation of a chimeric individual.
- a chimeric animal produced by any one of the methods [17] and [24] to [29] or its progeny, and a gene involved in the immune system is mutated or deleted, resulting in impaired immune function A method for producing an antibody, comprising administering an antigen to a chimeric animal having a gene encoding an antibody derived from another pluripotent cell other than the pluripotent cell having the above or a progeny thereof.
- [42] [1 7], [30] and [3 1] cause a chimeric animal or its progeny to form a specific tissue or organ or produce a specific protein A method for producing a specific tissue or organ or a specific protein.
- lymphocyte-deficient animal is an animal in which RAG-1 gene and / or RAG-2 gene is mutated or deleted.
- the pluripotent cell according to any one of [4 3] to [48], which is a cell selected from the group consisting of ES cells, EG cells, and GS cells.
- the embryonic or germ cell-derived cell is a cell derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, and the pluripotent cell is an ES cell [54] to [56] How to establish sex cells.
- [58] A method for establishing a pluripotent cell according to any one of [54] to [56], wherein the early embryo or germ cell-derived cell is a primordial germ cell, and the pluripotent cell is an EG cell. .
- [5 9] A method for establishing the pluripotent cell according to any one of [54] to [56], wherein the cell derived from an early embryo or germ cell is a germ cell, and the pluripotent cell is a GS cell.
- a method for improving the proliferation ability of another pluripotent cell comprising co-culturing the pluripotent cell according to any one of [43] to [53] and another pluripotent cell.
- [6 1] A method of improving the proliferation ability of other pluripotent cells, wherein co-culture is performed in an early embryo of an animal.
- the other pluripotent cells are cells selected from the group consisting of ES cells, EG cells, and GS cells, and improve the proliferative ability of [60] or [61] pluripotent cells Method.
- any of the pluripotent cells of [43] to [53] and / or other pluripotent cells are pluripotent cells into which adapted mitochondrial DNA has been introduced or replaced.
- [6 4 ] A method for producing a germline chimeric animal.
- [6 6] The method for producing a germline chimeric animal according to [64] or [65], wherein the host embryo of the animal is a host embryo into which adapted mitochondrial DNA is introduced or replaced.
- [6 7] The method for producing a germline chimeric animal according to any one of [64] to [6 6], wherein the host embryo of the animal is a blastocyst.
- [6 8] The method for producing a germline chimeric animal according to [6 7], wherein the host embryo of the animal is tetraploid.
- a germ cell comprising co-culturing one of the pluripotent cells of any of [43] to [53] and another pluripotent cell, and injecting the co-cultured cells together into an animal host embryo.
- any of the pluripotent cells of [43] to [53] and other pluripotent cells are pluripotent cells into which compatible mitochondrial DNA has been introduced, [7 2] or [7 3] A method for producing a breeding chimeric animal.
- [7 6] The method for producing a germline chimeric animal according to any one of [7 2] to [7 5], wherein the host embryo of the animal is a blastocyst.
- [7 8] The method for producing a germline chimeric animal according to any one of [7 2] to [7 7], wherein the other pluripotent cells are cells selected from the group consisting of ES cells, EG cells, and GS cells. .
- pluripotent cells are pluripotent cells whose genes have been modified [7 2]
- [79] A method for producing a germline chimeric animal according to any one of [79].
- [8 1] A chimeric animal produced by any one of the methods [64] to [80].
- '[8 2] A method of producing germ cells by transplanting pluripotent cells derived from a male or female nucleus developing embryo established by the method of [8 2] [55] into an animal's reproductive organs.
- the number portability is a diagram showing a newborn pups like.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph of a chimeric mouse produced by the method of the present invention using 129. B6-YGFP ES cells and W V / W V ES cells.
- Figure 3 is a photograph showing the fluorescence of work made chimeric mice by the method of the present invention with reference to 129.
- B6-YGFP ES cells Contact Yopi W V / W V ES cells.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph of a chimeric mouse prepared by the method of the present invention using BS-neo ES cells and W V / W V ES cells.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an outline of chimera production by the method of the present invention (Example 7).
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an outline of chimera production by the method of the present invention (Example 8).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an outline of the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the formation of sperm from an eukaryotic embryo-derived ES cell.
- the gene that has been mutated or deleted is not limited, and any gene that loses a specific function due to the mutation or deletion of the gene is included.
- “a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the gene is ⁇ Loss of the function to be given '' means that a part or all of the base sequence of the gene is lost or replaced, or a base is added to the gene, and the function of the gene is lost or decreased.
- “Function of a gene” means that the gene is expressed and a specific substance is produced in the body, or an organ, tissue, etc. is formed, the gene is expressed and a specific substance is produced in the body and the substance is produced. This includes all functions involving genes, such as causing specific reactions in the body.
- “A pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene has been lost” of the present invention is “a pluripotent cell in which a gene related to a target cell, tissue, organ, protein, or the like is deleted.
- the target cell / tissue / organism / protein refers to an organ / protein intended to be produced by a chimeric animal.
- the pluripotent cell of the present invention refers to a cell that can differentiate into any cell.
- Pluripotent cells include totipotent cells that can differentiate into germ cells and tissue stem cells that can differentiate into animal tissues.
- Totipotent cells include embryonic stem cells (ES cells), EG cells (Embryonic germ cells, embryonic germ cells), _GS cells, and the like.
- inner cell mass-derived cells are called ES cells
- primordial germ cell-derived cells are called EG cells
- germ cell-derived cells are called GS cells.
- cells that are similar in nature to pluripotent cells and that have pluripotency and can differentiate into germ cells are sometimes referred to as totipotent cell-like cells.
- ES cell-like cells EG cell-like cells (EG-like cells), GS cell-like cells (GS-like cells), and the like.
- pluripotent cells include cells called pluripotent cell-like cells.
- ES cell-like cells can be obtained by transforming animal tissue stem cells or differentiated somatic cells, or by fusing ES cells with animal tissue stem cells or differentiated somatic cells.
- the chimeric individual obtained by the method of the present invention comprises at least a cell such as a differentiated cell derived from a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost, and the other pluripotency. It is formed from cells such as differentiated cells derived from sex cells. When cells other than these two types of cells are used for the production of a chimeric animal, the chimeric individual is also composed of cells other than the two types of cells. “Cells other than the two types of cells” are not limited, and examples thereof include animal tissue stem cells and animal differentiated somatic cells.
- Pluripotent cells derived from animal species that differ in animal taxonomics relative to pluripotent cells include pluripotent cells derived from animal species that are identical in animal taxonomy.
- a cell other than a pluripotent cell-derived cell in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function associated with the gene is lost, the chromosome of the cell, and the gene of the cell are functioning.”
- a cell other than a pluripotent cell-derived cell produces a specific substance, or the cell forms a specific organ or tissue.
- a gene possessed by the cell is functioning.
- a gene corresponding to the mutation or deletion gene possessed by a cell other than a pluripotent cell-derived cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function associated with the gene has been lost is functioning.
- the “gene corresponding to the mutated or deleted gene” is the same gene as the mutated or deleted gene or a gene having a high homology of the base sequence, and the mutated or deleted gene.
- pluripotent cell in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost for example, a pluripotent cell in which a gene involved in germ cell formation is mutated or deleted, a gene involved in the immune system
- pluripotent cells that are mutated or deficient pluripotent cells that are mutated or deficient in other genes such as genes involved in the formation of specific tissues or organs or genes encoding specific proteins.
- the mutated or deleted gene is (a) a gene involved in germ cell formation, (W immune system) And (c) pluripotent cells that are one or more genes selected from the group consisting of genes involved in the formation of specific tissues or organs or genes that code for specific proteins be able to.
- the other pluripotent cells other than the pluripotent cell in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost are pluripotent cells in which the gene is not mutated or deleted.
- pluripotent cells that have the ability to form germ cells, pluripotent cells that do not have a disorder with respect to immune function, or genes or specific proteins involved in the formation of specific tissues or organs. It is a pluripotent cell in which the encoding gene is neither mutated nor defective.
- the desired gene may be modified in the other pluripotent cell.
- a pluripotent cell in which a gene involved in germ cell formation is mutated or deleted is used as a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost, the resulting chimera Since germ cells formed in animals are derived from cells in which the desired gene is modified, the offspring individuals obtained from the chimeric animals are transgene animals in which the desired gene has been modified.
- the desired gene modification may be the introduction of a foreign gene that is not originally possessed by the pluripotent cell, or it may be a knockout of an endogenous gene that is originally possessed by the pluripotent cell. Examples of foreign genes include genes derived from other animal species in animal taxonomy.
- the desired gene can be modified by a known method.
- pluripotent cells other than pluripotent cells that have been mutated or deleted in a specific gene and have lost the function that the gene is involved in have lost the function that the specific gene has been mutated or deleted in. It may be a fusion cell of pluripotent cells and other cells, or pluripotent by transforming animal tissue stem cells (organ-specific stem cells, somatic stem cells) or differentiated somatic cells by known means It may be a cell-like cell.
- a tissue stem cell refers to a cell that is present in a mature animal tissue and can differentiate into the tissue or other tissue cells to form the tissue.
- Examples include brain stem cells, liver stem cells, knee stem cells, kidney stem cells, heart stem cells, blood vessel stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal stem cells, epidermal stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells.
- Each of these stem cells has a specific surface antigen and is isolated using an antibody specific for the antigen, or is isolated using Celso or the like using the fluorescently labeled antibody. be able to.
- stem cells can be isolated as SP (side popu lion) cells by using the dye Hoec st 33342. Methods for isolating stem cells are well known to those skilled in the art.
- stem cells are isolated or desired stem cells are selected according to the descriptions in these documents. can do. It has been confirmed that when fused cells of ES cells and differentiated cells, which are pluripotent cells, are injected into a host embryo and generated, the fused cells can contribute to the individual and function (Tada et al., Dev Dyn. 227, 504-510, 2003).
- transformed pluripotent cells By transforming these stem cells or differentiated somatic cells with other pluripotent cells such as ES cells, transformed (differentiated) pluripotent cells can be obtained (Andrew et al.. (Nature 430, 350-356, 2004) (Ying et al., Nature 416, 545-548, 2002) (Terada et al., Nature 430, 542-545, 2002) 0
- pluripotent cells from genital organ-derived cells can be established.
- pluripotent cells such as ES cells derived from androgenetic embryos and female nuclei
- Pluripotent cells such as embryonic embryo-derived ES cells
- Co-culture may be performed in a culture container such as a culture dish. At this time, an appropriate feeder cell may be seeded in a culture vessel.
- a male nucleated embryo can be produced by removing a female pronucleus from a fertilized egg and transplanting a male pronucleus taken from another fertilized egg.
- a female nucleated embryo is a male male from a fertilized egg. It can be prepared by removing the pronucleus and transplanting a female pronucleus collected from another fertilized egg. That is, the present invention also includes a method of co-culturing a male nucleated embryo or female nucleated embryo with pluripotent cells such as ES cells and establishing ES cells derived from a male nucleated embryo or a female nucleated embryo. .
- pluripotent cells in which a specific gene injected into the host embryo of the animal is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost can be used. Good.
- the cell fusion can be carried out by a known method such as an electrovolution method or a PEG method. Transformation results in diploid pluripotent-like cells, and fusion results in tetraploid pluripotent-like cells.
- a known method such as an electrovolution method or a PEG method. Transformation results in diploid pluripotent-like cells, and fusion results in tetraploid pluripotent-like cells.
- one of the cells is Micronuclei may be processed by treatment with imide, or they may be treated with mitomycin C or radiation to cause non-uniform fusion.
- One mitochondrial DNA can be removed by a known method and used for fusion.
- pluripotent cell other than a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost the specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost.
- pluripotent cells co-cultured with pluripotent cells in which specific genes have been mutated or deleted and the functions involved in the genes have been lost.
- a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost is included in the prepared fused cell or pluripotent-like cell . Even in this case, the pluripotent cells may be simultaneously injected into the host embryo when the chimeric animal is produced.
- the gene has a function involving the specific gene (heterologous cells, chromosomes). Fusion cells into which unfertilized or enucleated fertilized eggs are fused, activated, and cultured, resulting in blastocyst-stage embryo-derived pluripotent cells, such as ES-like cells, as host embryos It would also be possible to inject.
- pluripotent cell in which a specific gene used in preparing a fused cell or a pluripotent cell-like cell is mutated or deleted and the function associated with the gene is lost can be simultaneously used as a host embryo.
- “two or more types of cells including a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost and other pluripotent cells other than the pluripotent cell” Is injected into the animal's host embryo.
- tissue stem cells and somatic cells used may be the same or different in animal taxonomy with respect to the pluripotent cells in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene has been lost.
- the pluripotent cell in which the specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost is a gene involved in germ cell formation, for example, the specific gene is mutated or deleted and the gene is involved Germ cells can be formed from cells other than pluripotent cell-derived cells that have lost function.
- the pluripotent cell in which the specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost is a gene involved in the immune system
- a cell other than a pluripotent cell-derived cell in which a specific gene has been mutated or deleted and the function associated with the gene has been lost functions as an immunocompetent cell such as an antibody.
- a cell other than a pluripotent cell-derived cell in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost is a cell in which a gene involved in the immune system is mutated or deleted during the formation of a chimeric individual.
- cells other than pluripotent cell-derived cells that have lost or lost the function involved in the specific gene in the chimera Produce or form specific organs and tissues.
- Examples of pluripotent cells that are mutated or deficient in genes involved in germ cell formation and cannot form germ cells include cells derived from C-kit mutant animals (W gene mutant animals).
- C-kit is one of the receptor-type tyrosine kinases mapped to the W locus and is involved in infertility.
- Examples of C-kit mutant animals include W v / W v mice. WVW V mice are both male and female and are unable to form germ cells (sterile and infertile).
- a W v / W v mouse, which is one of C-kit mutant animals, can be obtained, for example, by the method described in Example 1 described later.
- Other C-kit mutant animals can also be produced according to the W v / W v mouse production method.
- the pluripotent cell has a mutation or deletion of a gene involved in germ cell formation and lacks the function of germ cell formation.
- This pluripotent cell and other pluripotent cells that are allogeneic or heterologous to the pluripotent cell and can form a germ cell are mixed and injected into the early embryo of the animal to form a germ cell Chimeric animals can be obtained in which possible pluripotent cells can be transmitted to the germline.
- genes involved in germ cell formation are mutated or deleted, and cells that are allogeneic or heterologous to pluripotent cells are mice, rats, bushes, bushes, horses, hidges, Selected from the group consisting of gi, monkey and human.
- pluripotent cells that are injected into the host embryo together with pluripotent cells that are mutated or deficient in genes involved in germ cell formation and cannot form germ cells, such as cells that have undergone genetic modification
- genetic modifications include introduction of foreign genes or knockout of endogenous genes.
- pluripotent cells that are injected into the host embryo together are heterologous in terms of animal taxonomy with respect to pluripotent cells that are mutated or defective in the genes involved in germ cell formation and cannot form germ cells.
- the resulting chimeric animal forms a germ cell of a heterologous animal. Since the germ cells of the heterologous animal have the chromosomes of the heterologous animal, the stem cells, organs and organs themselves of the organs and tissues having the chromosomes of the heterologous animal can be obtained from the obtained animals, and the heterogeneity of the obtained animals. Substances such as proteins from heterologous animals can be obtained from somatic cells having animal chromosomes.
- “having impaired immune function” means that it cannot form immunocompetent cells such as T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, or cannot produce antibodies. This refers to the loss or decline of the function of excluding heterogeneous tissues and substances.
- a nude mouse is a mouse with a congenital deletion of the thymus and a homozygous nu gene that is a recessive gene on chromosome 11. That is, pluripotent cells derived from nude mice are pluripotent cells that are homozygous for the nu gene.
- the scid mouse refers to a mouse that exhibits the same pathology as human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).
- SCID human severe combined immunodeficiency
- the sc id mouse which is a recessive sc id gene is a homozygous mouse, contains NOD / sc. There are id etc. That is, scid mouse-derived pluripotent cells are pluripotent cells that are homozygous for the scid gene.
- Immunodeficient mice such as nude mice, scid mice, lymphocyte-deficient mice lacking RAG-1 and / or RAG-2 genes (Chen et al, Pro Natl. Acad, Sci. USA90, 4528-4532) 1993) can be obtained commercially or as described in the literature.
- a gene that is involved in such an immune system is mutated or deleted, and a pluripotent cell that is impaired in immune function and a pluripotent cell that is mutated or deleted in a gene involved in immune system and has impaired immune function
- Other pluripotent cells that are heterogeneous in animal taxonomics
- a pluripotent cell that is mutated or defective in a gene involved in the immune system; a pluripotent cell that has an impaired epidemiological function is derived from animals such as mice, rats, butterflies, horses, horses, hidges, goats, monkeys, etc. Cells can be used.
- a chimeric mouse is produced using a pluripotent cell derived from an immunodeficient mouse and a pluripotent cell containing a gene encoding a human antibody
- the chimeric mouse contains a human antibody gene.
- Human antibodies can be produced in chimeric mice by administering antigens to the chimeric mice.
- pluripotent cells that have lost the ability to form lymphocytes can be cited as pluripotent cells that have a mutated or defective gene involved in the immune system and have impaired immune function.
- pluripotent cells derived from animals lacking the RAG-1 gene or RAG-2 gene involved in gene rearrangement can be mentioned.
- Such pluripotent cells are also deficient in immune function, and in the same manner as when using ES cells derived from animals with immune deficiency, chimeric animals can be prepared by mixing with ES cells derived from other species. it can.
- a gene involved in the formation of a specific tissue or organ or a specific gene examples include pluripotent cells that have lost the ability to form the tissue or organ or the ability to produce the protein due to mutation or deletion of the gene encoding the protein.
- a gene involved in the formation of a specific tissue or organ is not limited, and examples thereof include a gene involved in the formation of a specific organ.
- a gene encoding a specific protein is not limited, and examples thereof include a physiologically active substance such as cyto force-in, a gene encoding immunoglobulin and the like.
- a pluripotent cell in which the gene involved in the formation of such a specific tissue or organ or the gene encoding a specific protein has been mutated or deleted to lose the ability to form the tissue or organ or to produce the protein.
- tissue or organs derived from other pluripotent cells are formed in the obtained chimeric animal, or protein Is produced.
- Other pluripotent cells mutate or lack a specific gene and lose the function involved in that gene If the animal is heterogeneous in terms of animal taxonomy for the pluripotent cells, a heterologous tissue or organ is formed in the chimeric animal or a heterologous protein is produced. Mutation or deletion of a specific gene can be performed by a known gene manipulation technique.
- pluripotent cells in which multiple genes have been mutated or deleted and multiple functions have been lost. That is, a mutated or deleted gene is (a) a gene involved in germ cell formation, (b) a gene involved in the immune system, and (c) a gene or a specific protein involved in the formation of a specific tissue or organ.
- Pluripotent cells that are one or more genes selected from the group consisting of genes encoding can be used. For example, W v mice homozygous for both genes and nu gene, i.e. can not be formed germ cells can be used mouse derived pluripotent cells is yet immunodeficiency.
- a pluripotent cell that cannot form a germ cell obtained by cross-breeding can be used as a pluripotent cell in which a plurality of genes are mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost.
- Pluripotent cells that cannot form germ cells can be obtained from early embryos that cannot form germ cells, and early embryos that cannot form germ cells, such as fertilized embryos, are germ cells caused by genetic factors. It is produced by utilizing the dysplasia. In other words, it is known that the first generation of a cross-breed is sterilized and lacks germ cells, and is produced using this genetic factor.
- a heterozygous fertilized embryo is obtained by naturally mating an experimental mouse (Mus musculus domes ticus) with a mouse having a sibling heterogeneity.
- an experimental mouse Mus musculus domes ticus
- it is desirable to obtain a cross-fertilized embryo by naturally mating a female female experimental mouse and a male sibling of the sibling.
- many fertilized embryos can be obtained by mating after induction of superovulation by hormonal treatment of 3- to 4-week-old experimental female mice.
- the mouse to be mated can be Mus spretus, Mus carol i, Mus infrastructurei, etc., but the information on in vitro fertilization is relatively accumulated.
- a combination of C57BL / 6 female mice and Mus spretus male mice capable of stably obtaining a cross-breed embryo is preferable.
- the pluripotent cells of the present invention are not limited to mice and include pluripotent cells of all animals. In other animals, pluripotent cells that cannot form germ cells obtained by cross-breeding can be obtained by operating in the same manner as mice. Pluripotent cells that cannot form germ cells obtained by cross-breeding can also be obtained according to the description in WO 03/071869 International Publications.
- a chimeric animal can be formed by injecting two or more types of cells into a host embryo, which is an early embryo such as an animal blastocyst, and transplanting the early embryo into the uterus of a foster parent.
- a chimeric animal in which a gene of a desired pluripotent cell is transmitted to germ cells can also be prepared by the tetraployless cue method.
- tetraploid cue method tetraploid cells develop into the placenta by injecting pluripotent cells such as ES cells into tetraploid fertilized eggs, and only pluripotent cells such as ES cells are produced.
- 0 Tetraploid rescue method In order to prevent the death of the born animal due to respiratory disorder, it is desirable to match the tetraploid fertilized egg or ES cell mitochondrial DNA with nuclear DNA. A method for adapting mitochondria DNA to nuclear DNA in the tetraployless cue method will be described later.
- FIG. 7 shows an outline of a method for producing a chimeric animal by the method of the present invention.
- the chimeric organ produced by the method of the present invention is a mixture of heterogeneous cells, mouse cells, and various hybrid cells. This situation is considered advantageous for the proliferation and function of heterologous stem cells and hybrid cells with the desired chromosomes and genes. Furthermore, it is considered advantageous when transplanting heterologous organ stem cells into such a chimeric individual. Even if substances (genes) necessary for the growth and differentiation of heterologous stem cells in the future are clarified, genetic modification can be easily performed because mouse ES cells are used.
- knockout clones lacking enzymes involved in the antigenicity of acute rejection have been created for the purpose of organ transplantation.
- the present invention also includes chimeric animals and their progeny obtained by the above method. Furthermore, the present invention also encompasses a pluripotent cell itself in which a specific gene is mutated or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost. The cells contained in the pluripotent cells are as described above.
- W v / W v is described mouse embryo-derived ES cell in detail as an example, from pluripotent cells in W v / W v mice It includes, but is not limited to, immunodeficient mice such as nu / nu mice and scid mice, lymphocyte-deficient mice, other mice, rats, mice, horses, hidges, goats, monkeys, and other animals.
- pluripotent cells are not limited to ES cells, and include EG cells and GS cells.
- ES cells can be established by culturing the inner cell mass of blastocysts in vitro during mammalian development (Evans, M. J. et al., Nature, 292: 154-156,
- the proliferative ability includes both in vitro proliferative ability and proliferative ability in the embryo.
- ES cells can be established by culturing cells in the inner cell mass of blastocysts in vitro, but by co-culturing with other ES cells or tetraploid embryos. ES cells with high undifferentiated state, differentiation ability and proliferation ability can be established. The establishment rate is also improved.
- the ES cells used here need only be able to be identified and separated from the target ES cells, but do not form germ cells when ES cells are established for the purpose of germline chimera production. W v / W v Mouse embryo-derived ES cells are desirable.
- Co-culture may be performed in a culture vessel such as a culture dish. At this time, an appropriate feeder cell may be seeded in a culture vessel. Furthermore, co-culture may be performed in the early embryo that constitutes the inner cell mass (ICM). In this case, a plurality of cells to be co-cultured may be injected into the early embryo using, for example, Macroupille overnight, and cultured.
- ICM inner cell mass
- the co-cultured cells are collected, and the tetraploid may be injected into an early embryo for the production of a chimeric animal such as an embryo (tetraploid).
- the early embryo used can be used for repeated co-culture.
- Tetraproid may be used as an early embryo.
- the above method can efficiently establish ES cells from reconstructed embryos that are difficult to establish ES cells such as nuclear transfer embryos and male embryos.
- reconstructed embryos cocultured with Wv / Wv mouse embryo-derived ES cells or tetraploid embryos can be used directly for the production of chimeric animals.
- a plurality of ES cells to be co-cultured may be injected into an early embryo for producing a chimeric animal, and a chimeric animal may be produced as it is.
- Establishment of other ES cells using the ES cell derived from the W v / W v mouse embryo of the present invention may be performed, for example, by the method described in Example 5 described later.
- W v / W v mouse embryo-derived ES cells other ES cells of the present invention, for example, ES cells and co-cultures were desired genetic modification knockout like the introduction and the particular gene of a foreign gene, the initial time By placing it in the embryo, the proliferation ability of the desired ES cells during culture is increased. Furthermore, the proliferation of the ES cell after transplantation into the embryo is also improved, and a chimeric mouse in which the gene of the ES cell is transmitted to the germ line can be obtained. In addition, the morphology of other ES cells co-cultured with the ES cells derived from the W / W mouse embryo of the present invention is also kept good. A good ES cell colony has a clear and round outline, and the cells are bulging and growing.
- ES cells derived from WzoW v mouse embryos do not form germ cells, the ES cells are not transmitted to the germ line. That is, when a chimeric animal is obtained by the method of the present invention, the sperm or egg of the obtained chimeric animal is derived from another ES cell that is not an ES cell derived from a W v / W v mouse embryo, and the next generation Chromosomes derived from the ES cells are always transmitted to the offspring.
- the desired ES cells can be derived from any mouse strain, but ES cells derived from C57BL / 6 or 129 strains are desirable, and ES cells derived from C57 / BL6 are particularly desirable. At this time, commercially available ES cells may be used.
- a medium supplemented with WVW V mouse embryo-derived ES cell condition medium was used to establish other ES cells.
- the condition medium can be prepared, for example, as described in Mart in et aL, Dev Biol 121, 20-28, 1987.
- ES cells that have been passaged for a long time, for example, ES cells that have been passaged for more than 12 generations or for more than 20 generations can be used.
- An ES cell derived from the / W mouse embryo of the present invention is injected into an early embryo such as a blastocyst together with other desired ES cells, and the early embryo is transplanted into a foster mother's uterus, thereby efficiently producing a chimeric mouse. Can be formed.
- a chimeric mouse in which a gene of a desired ES cell is transmitted to germ cells can also be produced by the tetraployless cue method.
- the tetraploid dress cue method uses ES cells that are injected into tetraploid fertilized eggs, so that tetraploid cells develop into the placenta and only ES cells develop into individuals.
- the tetraploid dress cue method in order to prevent death due to respiratory failure of the born mice, the tetraploid fertilized eggs or W v / W v mouse embryo-derived ES cells and It is desirable to match the mitochondrial DNA of the ES cells to be mixed with the nuclear DNA.
- the cells used are hybrid cells, for example, hybrid cells from two inbred animals, there is no problem of respiratory disturbance in the birth mice, so it is not always necessary to match mitochondrial DNA with nuclear DNA. Absent.
- ES cells derived from Wv / Wv mouse embryos do not necessarily need to adapt mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA.
- Mitochondrial DNA replacement ES cells derived from mouse embryos can be obtained by known methods. For example, mitochondria from an inbred mouse! For the replacement of) ⁇ , an inbred mouse in which the desired type of mitochondrial DNA is substituted by the backcross method or the nuclear replacement method is prepared, and ES cells are established from this mouse. Inbred mouse
- the mitochondrial DNA of C57BL / 6 was recrossed with wild-type mice Mus muscu lus musculus by the backcross method over 12 times.
- Inbred mouse in which DNA is replaced with wild-type mouse Mus muscu lus muscul us type B6-mtMus can be produced. From this mouse, ES cells in which mitochondrial DNA is replaced with DNA of compatible mouse Mus musculus musculus type can be established.
- the pronuclear replacement method follows the conventional method (MoGrath J & Solter D, J. Exp. Zool, 228, 355-362 (1983)) and the male and female pronuclei of pronuclear fertilized eggs of inbred mouse mdx. Is transplanted into an enucleated pronuclear fertilized egg having a mitochondria of a wild-type mouse Mus muscu lus musculus, cultured with an electric pulse, and then transplanted into a mouse oviduct for individual development. Inbred mice mdx-mtMus can be prepared by replacing mitochondrial DNA with Mus musculus musculus evening. From this mouse, ES cells in which mitochondrial DNA is replaced with wild type can also be established.
- mice prepared in this way such as B6-mtMus or mdx-mtMus E blastocysts, were collected and the conventional method (Evans MJ and Kaufman MK, Nature 292, 154-156 ( 1981)), ES cells can be established.
- B6-W v / + of male mated female B6- mtMus B6-W v / + - the MtMus mice obtain.
- BD-WV + -mtMus mice can be obtained by mating early B6-WV + -mtMus and DBA males, and then BDF ⁇ W v / +-mt MUS mice can be mated.
- W v / W v mouse embryo-derived ES cells of the present invention the establishment of other ES cell, sufficient to produce chimeric mice by co-culture with the desired ES cells subjected to genetic modification growth
- Using the W v / W v mouse embryo-derived ES cells in these steps may be used in only each step may be a continuous use in two or more steps.
- ES cells derived from W v / W v mouse embryos are co-cultured with other ES cells that have undergone the desired genetic modification, and chimera of ES cells derived from W So W v mouse embryos and other ES cells as they are You may inject
- the proliferative ability of the ES cell often decreases, and the ES cell derived from the W v / W v mouse embryo of the present invention is such a gene. It is also possible to improve the proliferative ability of ES cells modified by. In particular, it can also be suitably used for ES cells that have undergone multiple genetic modifications. Further, cells which can be established by WW V mouse embryo-derived ES cell of the present invention, the cells to perform a desired genetic modification, the cells simultaneously injected into blastocysts, not only ES cells, EG cells (embryonic germ cell) or GS cells may be used.
- EG cells can be obtained by culturing mammalian primordial germ cells with cytokines such as LIF and FGF2 (Matusi, Y., et al., Cell, 70: 841-847, 1992). GS cells can be obtained from testes of infant male mice (Johnson et al. Nature 428, 145-150, 2004))
- GS cells are established by the following method.
- Enzyme solution 1 contains 3 mg / ml collagenase and 200 / xg / nil DNase I in 5 ml DMEM / F12.
- Enzyme solution 2 contains 5 ml])) MEM / F12 with 3 mg / ml collagenase,]) Nase I at 200 zg / ml and hyaluronidase at 3 mg / ml.
- a Wv / Wv mouse-derived ES cell of the present invention When a Wv / Wv mouse-derived ES cell of the present invention is injected into a blastocyst together with a desired ES cell to produce a chimeric mouse, the sex ratio of the mouse born can be controlled.
- the sex chromosome is a male XY type cell. In many cases, female cells are difficult to produce.
- ES cells derived from wvwv mouse embryos of the present invention can easily obtain cells of the female XX type of sex chromosomes, and ES cells derived from W / W mouse embryos of male XY type cells and female type cells. Spider-type cells can also be selected as necessary.
- a desired male ⁇ type ES cell and an ES cell derived from a male ⁇ w / w mouse embryo are injected into a blastocyst, all the chimeric mice born are male.
- ES cells derived from desired male rod type ES cells and female rod type W V / W V mouse embryos are injected into blastocysts, male or Female chimeric mice are born.
- the sexes of the chimeric animals that can be obtained by the method for producing chimeric animals and the types and origins of the obtained germ cells are as follows.
- ES cells are usually male, so .2, 3 and 6 are not likely to occur. That is, in the conventional method, when a female chimera is born, an egg derived from an ES cell can be obtained only in the case 5 above, but it occurs rarely. Therefore, ES cells are difficult to propagate
- ES cells derived from W V / W V mouse embryos of the present invention are used, if the embryo in the above case 5 is changed to ES cells derived from W V / W V mouse embryos, the egg when a female chimera is born is All are from ES. Therefore, when the offspring is born, 100% ES cells are reproductively transmitted.
- the ES cell derived from the W V / W V mouse embryo of the present invention is co-cultured with other ES cells and other
- chimeric mice By simultaneously injecting ES cells into blastocysts, chimeric mice can be obtained with an almost 100% probability.
- a chimeric mouse is prepared using the ES cell derived from the W V / W V mouse embryo of the present invention. 100% of chimeric mice in which the gene of the desired ES cell has been transmitted to the germ line, so that even if a mouse that has been born died, the gonad of the mouse can be transplanted to another mouse.
- a desired chimeric mouse can be prepared.
- the present invention includes a method for producing germ cells from ES cells derived from male or embryonic embryos. ES cells derived from male or embryonic embryos establish pluripotent cells from cells derived from reproductive organs by co-culturing germ cell-derived cells with pluripotent cells such as ES cells can do.
- pluripotent cells such as ES cells derived from androgenetic embryos
- Pluripotent cells such as ES cells derived from female nucleus developing embryos
- ES cells derived from male nucleated embryos or female nucleated embryos obtained in this way can also establish pluripotent cells by co-culture with cells derived from other early embryonic germ cells. .
- Germ cells can also be formed from male or embryonic embryonic stem cells.
- ES cells derived from male or embryonic embryos can be transplanted into the reproductive organs of animals.
- ES cells derived from male nucleated embryos can be formed by transferring ES cells derived from male nucleated embryos into seminiferous tubules.
- the animal to be transplanted is of the same species as the ES cell-derived animal.
- ES cells are preferably treated with mitomycin or the like.
- ES cells derived from female nucleated embryos can be obtained by transplanting ES cells derived from female nucleated embryos into the oviduct. Whether the germ cells finally obtained are derived from ES cells can be confirmed by checking the imprinting status of the genome.
- the present invention includes a method for producing germ cells by transplanting pluripotent cells derived from male or embryonic embryos into the reproductive organs of animals.
- BDF 1- W v / + was selected.
- BDF ⁇ W v / + Mice are naturally mated with each other.
- a heterogeneous heterogeneous individual (BDF2- W v / +) was obtained.
- BDP2- W v / + mice were naturally mated, and the uterus of the individual on the third day from the day when the vaginal plug was confirmed was perfused with M2 medium, and 34 blastocyst stage embryos were collected and obtained.
- ES cells were established from embryos according to a conventional method (Evans MJ and Kaufman MK, Nature 292, 154-156 (1981)).
- ES medium (80% (v / v), 20% (v / v) FCS, 13 ⁇ 4 (v / v) lOOmM pyruvic acid solution (Gibco Cat. 11360-070), 13 ⁇ 4 (v / v) essential amino acids
- the solution (Gibco Cat. 11140-027), ImM 2 -mercaptoethanol (Sigma, Cat. No. M-6250), and 10 3 U / mL LIF were dispensed on the feeder cells of a 4-well plate previously. and the embryos transferred one by one 37 ° C, 5% C0 2 - 5% 0 2 -.. were cultured under conditions of 90% N 2 were selected grown ICM cell mass culture day 7 0.
- Genotyping of established ES cells was performed by PCR-RFLP method (British Journal of Haematology 98, 1017-1025 (1997)).
- Primer that recognizes W gene ⁇ 104 'fragment obtained by PCR amplification with 5'-AAAGAGAGGCCCTAATGTCGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 1) and 5'-CTCGAGACTACCTCCCACC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2) was treated with Nsi l restriction enzyme, and non-fragmented wild type and W v type fragmented into 85 bp and 19 bp were assayed.
- 5 lines were W v / W v type. When these lines were subjected to sex discrimination PCR diay et al. Cel 77, 639-650, 1994), 2 lines were male and 3 lines were female.
- mice Female 129 / sv mice (NIH) were treated with male C57BL / 6-EGFP # 60 (Y-ink) (Ichida et al., J
- ES cells were established according to a conventional method (Evans MJ and Kaufman MK, Nature 292, 154-156 (1981)).
- ES medium 80% (v / v) DMEM, 20% (v / v) FCS, 13 ⁇ 4 (v / v) lOOmM pyruvic acid solution (Gibco Cat. 11360-070), 1% (v / v) Non-essential amino acid solution (Gibco Cat.
- mice in which C57BL / 6J mice 'mitochondrial DNA was replaced with Mus musculus nmsculus type B6-mtMus females (N15) (Nagao et al., Genes Genet Syst 73, 21-27 (1998)) were replaced by male C57BL / 6J mice And made a natural cross.
- the uterus of the individual on the third day from the day when the vaginal plug was confirmed was perfused with M2 medium, 20 blastocyst stage embryos were collected, and the resulting embryos were routinely used (Evans MJ and Koufman MK, Nature292, 154 -156 (1981)) ES cells were established.
- ES medium (80% (v / v), 203 ⁇ 4 (v / v) FCS, 1% (v / v) lOOmM pyruvic acid solution (Gibe o Cat. 11360-070), 1% (v / v) Non-essential amino acid solution (Gibco Cat. 11140-027), ImM 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma, Cat. No. M-6250), 10 3 U / mL LIF feeder transferred one by one embryos obtained previously on one cell 37 ° C, 5% C0 2 - 5% 0 2 -. were cultured under conditions of 903 ⁇ 4N 2 and proliferated ICM cell masses at day 5 the culture 0. 125% trypsin / 0.
- ImM EDTA treatment cells were dispersed and then seeded on a freshly prepared 4-well plate feeder cell and cultured for the second passage. Treated with trypsin / EDTA, seeded in a new 3.5 cm culture dish, and obtained 2 lines that grew well, so that the cells that reached so far could grow stably as a cell line Cryopreserved.
- the neo gene vector is established in a conventional manner on the male line of the established B6-mtMus ES cell line. The gene was introduced and gene targeting was performed.
- ICR mice subjected to superovulation-inducing treatment were naturally mated with male mice of the same strain, and after the administration of chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) from an individual with a confirmed vaginal plug, late stage 2 by the fallopian tube perfusion method.
- Cell stage embryos were harvested.
- the resulting late 2-cell embryos were fused by direct electric pulse in 0.3M mannitol (FUJITA gokku: pulse conditions were 18V, 50 nsec, 3 times at 999_i se interval), and tetraploid embryos were obtained.
- the tetraploid screened, 37 ° C in M16 culture medium, 5 C0 2 - and cultured for 2 days in Ai r, were obtained tetraploid blastocyst stage.
- Genotyping was performed by the above-mentioned PCR-RPLP method (British Journal of Haematology 98, 1017-1025 (1997)) using 3 to 5 colonies that grew on the third day of culture. Seven of the 20 lines were BS-neo ES cell lines. Of these, the line with the best colony morphology and growth was stored frozen and used for chimera production.
- Example 6 Production of chimeric mice by tetraploid dressing method (1) For the tetraploid blastocyst stage embryo obtained in Example 4, the above-mentioned 129. B6- YGFP ES cells
- the upper left cells are germ cell defect (Wv), immunodeficiency (nude, sc id), lymphocyte deficiency Target cells such as loss (RAG-1, RAG-2) ES cells that have been mutated or deficient in genes related to 'tissue' organs, proteins, etc.
- the cells in the upper right are neural stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells such as humans , Other differentiated cell and germ cell defects (OVv), immunodeficiency (nude, scid), lymphocyte deficiency (RAG-1, RAG-2), etc. Mutated or deficient ES cells. From the obtained chimeric individual, the target cell / tissue 'organ, protein, etc. can be finally extracted.
- Figure 2 shows a photograph of a chimeric mouse.
- the target ES cells 129, B6-YGFP
- Figure 2a and Figure 2b without rescue of W V / W V ES cells
- FIG. 18 shows a recipient mouse at the 18th day of pregnancy transplanted with W V / W V ES # 7 + tetraploid embryo.
- Figure 2d shows 129.
- Example 7 Production of chimeric mice by tetraploid dress cue method (2)
- the above-mentioned BS-neo ES cells (male) and About 10 BDF3 W V / W V ES cells (male) were injected overnight.
- Twenty-nine tetraploid blastocyst-stage embryos injected were transplanted into the uterus of two recipient ICR mice on day 5 after confirming the vaginal plug, and the night before childbirth (18.5 days of pregnancy) At night, 3 male fetuses were removed by caesarean section or spontaneous delivery. After performing resuscitation and confirming active movement, the child was brought up with a foster parent.
- Fig. 4 shows a photograph of the resulting chimeric mouse (BS-neo ES (black) + W V / W V ES (white) + tetratraploid chimeric mouse, 8 days after birth).
- the hair color is black BS-neo ES cells contribute to the body, and white individuals are formed only from W V / W V ES cells.
- Figure 5 shows the results of a series of chimeric mice.
- Example 8 Production of chimeric mice by tetraploid dress cue method (3) The tetraploid blastocyst stage embryo obtained in Example 4 was established by the same procedure as in Examples 1 and 2.
- ES cells (B6-GFP PGES) were transformed into BDF3 W About 10 each were injected with v / W v ES cells (female) with a piezo micromanipulator.
- ES cells including ES-like cells
- ES-like cells The rate of establishment of ES cells (including ES-like cells) from nuclear transfer embryos is not very high. In addition, established ES cell colonies often do not maintain good morphology. To solve these problems, co-culture with tetraploid embryos was performed.
- ES cells derived from male embryos have flat colonies and low proliferation ability. It was.
- a male embryo can be produced by mating a female pronucleus of a pronuclear stage embryo obtained by superovulation of a Fl female and mating with a 129 male mouse, and mating a male female with a B6 male mouse by superovulation treatment of a female female. It was prepared by replacing the male pronucleus of the pronuclear embryo.
- About 10 male embryo-derived ES cells were injected into the tetraploid blastocyst stage embryo obtained in Example 4 with a piezo micromanipulator. After culturing for about 1 day, it was cultured using the establishment method of Example 1. Normally, the ICM mass grows around 5 days, but the ESM-derived ICM mass grows around 3 days. ES cell colonies obtained by repeating this procedure several times had good morphology and high proliferation ability.
- Fertilized embryos of KK mice were collected from the uterus at the 8-cell stage. Two blastomeres at the 8-cell stage were introduced into a tetraploid 4-cell stage embryo (Example 4) before the compaction using a micromanipulator. Eight cell stage nuclear transfer embryos 5 to 19 chimeric embryos were prepared and cultured in M16. All embryos developed to the blastocyst stage, and the development of internal cell mass (ICM) was observed, but ES cells could not be established. Next, 12 chimeric embryos were prepared and cultured in the same manner. 1. After 5 days, about 5 W v / W v ES cells treated with mitomycin were injected into the blastocyst stage embryo. Introduced by a recuperator. When ES cells were established as in Example 1, 6 lines of ES cells were established.
- mice B6. BALBF2, W v / W v, nu / nu.
- the male nucleated embryo-derived ES cells re-established in the seminiferous tubule when the mice were 8 weeks old were transplanted. Re-establishment was carried out in the same manner as when ES cells were established by injecting about 10 male-nucleated embryo-derived ES cells into the blastocyst of the tetraploid embryo.
- the first is cell preparation.
- Pre-mitomycin treatment ES 1-1P8 derived from a male nucleated embryo that had been cultured for 2 days on a prepared MEF and became confluent. After washing the cells with PBS (-), peel the cells from a dish for cell culture using trypsin / EDTA (0.25% / 0.04%) solution, and add 10% FBS-added DMEM medium to react. Was stopped. The cells were detached by pipetting and then filtered through a 40 HI square nylon mesh. This cell suspension was pelleted with a centrifuge. The pellet was resuspended with a sufficient amount of ES medium, and the number of cells was measured with a hemocytometer.
- the glass tube was pierced there, the needle was inserted into the testis, and the cell suspension was injected into the seminiferous tube by exhalation. The glass tube was pulled out after confirming that it was sufficiently filled.
- the testis was returned to the abdominal cavity, and the other testicle was transplanted in the same manner.
- the peritoneum and muscle layer were stitched together with sutures, and the skin was fastened with a metal clip.
- This operation allowed a large amount of cell suspension to be injected into the left testis and a sufficient amount of cell suspension to be injected into the right testis.
- testes of B6 -BALBF2, W v / W v and nu / nu were the few testes unique to W v / W v mice.
- the testes returned to their original position the day after transplantation, and grew to about the same size as normal mice one month later.
- the male nucleated embryo-derived ES cells have the properties of sperm stem cells.
- Example 1 2 Analysis of methylation pattern of ES cell derived from male nucleus development embryo
- the imprinting status of the genome was confirmed by using androgenetic ES (AgES) derived from the eukaryotic embryo used in the experiment and three B6 derived ES cells derived from B6 as a comparative control. Imprinting status is upstream of imprint gene It can be investigated by measuring the methylation state of the CpG site of Differentially Methylated Regions. First,]) NA was extracted from each sample, and bisulfite treatment was performed using CpGenome DNA Modification kit (Intergen).
- the DNA of the sample was amplified by PCR using the imprint genes Pegl / Mest, Snrpn and Igf2r specific primers which are methylated in a maternal manner.
- the primers used are as follows.
- Igf2r (DMR2, Genbank acc.no.L06446)
- Pegl / Mest and Igi2r amplification products were treated with Taq I for 4 hours at 65 ° C, and Snrpn was treated with Hha I for 4 hours at 37 ° C.
- the above sample was electrophoresed with 2.5 agarose, and the DNA fragment length was confirmed by staining with ethidiumbumbide.
- a germ cell derived from the C-kit mutant animal (W gene mutant animal) of the present invention can be formed.
- the pluripotent cells that could not be established are pluripotent cells that could not be established in the past.
- Pluripotent cells such as cells can be established.
- the ability to proliferate established totipotent live cells can be kept high, and the passage was repeated. Enables the use of pluripotent cells for production of chimeric animals.
- the pluripotent cells that cannot form the germ cells of the present invention are injected into an early embryo of an animal together with other pluripotent cells such as ES cells to generate the other pluripotent cells. It is possible to efficiently produce a chimeric animal transmitted to the lineage, and to control the sex ratio of the chimeric animal born.
- two or more types of cells including pluripotent cells and other pluripotent cells that have been mutated or deficient in the specific gene of the present invention and have lost the function involved in the gene are injected into the animal's host embryo.
- two or more types of cells including a pluripotent cell in which a specific gene is altered or deleted and the function involved in the gene is lost and other pluripotent cells are appropriately used. It is possible to make a chimeric animal produce protein of a heterologous animal or to produce a chimeric animal with organ-specific stem cells and organs of the heterologous animal.
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JP2006527813A JPWO2006009297A1 (ja) | 2004-07-20 | 2005-07-20 | Es細胞を用いたキメラ作製 |
US11/632,896 US20070250943A1 (en) | 2004-07-20 | 2005-07-20 | Construction of Chimera Using En Cells |
EP05767072A EP1779724A4 (en) | 2004-07-20 | 2005-07-20 | GENERATION OF A CHIMERIC BY ES CELLS |
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JP2004211887 | 2004-07-20 |
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US (1) | US20070250943A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1779724A4 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2006009297A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2012029784A1 (ja) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-08 | 国立大学法人熊本大学 | マウス系統を樹立する方法 |
WO2014119627A1 (ja) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-07 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | キメラ動物の作製方法 |
WO2016052759A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-04-07 | 学校法人自治医科大学 | 多能性幹細胞再樹立法 |
WO2016163386A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-10-13 | 全国農業協同組合連合会 | 異個体由来の配偶子を生産する非ヒト大型哺乳動物又は魚類の作出方法 |
WO2017175876A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-12 | 学校法人自治医科大学 | 幹細胞を再樹立する方法 |
JPWO2019073960A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-10 | 2020-11-19 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 分化ポテンシャルを改変した多能性幹細胞の動物の作製への応用 |
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WO2003072777A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-04 | Yasumitsu Nagao | Animal dont l'embryon est modifie et procede de construction de cet animal |
WO2003089580A2 (en) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-10-30 | Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. | Cancer models |
JP2004503215A (ja) * | 2000-05-12 | 2004-02-05 | アドヴァンスト リサーチ アンド テクノロジー インスティチュート、インコーポレイティッド | 造血細胞集団において静止細胞を濃縮するための方法 |
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CA2477112A1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-04 | Yasumitsu Nagao | A method for producing germline chimeric animal |
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- 2005-07-20 US US11/632,896 patent/US20070250943A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-07-20 WO PCT/JP2005/013685 patent/WO2006009297A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-07-20 JP JP2006527813A patent/JPWO2006009297A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-20 EP EP05767072A patent/EP1779724A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP5935692B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-31 | 2016-06-15 | 国立大学法人 熊本大学 | マウス系統を樹立する方法 |
JPWO2012029784A1 (ja) * | 2010-08-31 | 2013-10-28 | 国立大学法人 熊本大学 | マウス系統を樹立する方法 |
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US9167805B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2015-10-27 | National University Corporation Kumamoto University | Method of establishing mouse strain |
JP6279141B1 (ja) * | 2013-01-29 | 2018-02-14 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | キメラ動物の作製方法 |
JP2018082716A (ja) * | 2013-01-29 | 2018-05-31 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | キメラ動物の作製方法 |
US11844336B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2023-12-19 | The University Of Tokyo | Method for producing chimeric animal |
JPWO2014119627A1 (ja) * | 2013-01-29 | 2017-01-26 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | キメラ動物の作製方法 |
WO2014119627A1 (ja) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-07 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | キメラ動物の作製方法 |
US10645912B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2020-05-12 | The University Of Tokyo | Method for producing chimeric animal |
JP2018046833A (ja) * | 2013-01-29 | 2018-03-29 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | キメラ動物の作製方法 |
US11441125B2 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2022-09-13 | Jichi Medical University | Method for reestablishment of pluripotent stem cells |
WO2016052759A1 (ja) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-04-07 | 学校法人自治医科大学 | 多能性幹細胞再樹立法 |
KR20170133380A (ko) * | 2015-04-08 | 2017-12-05 | 내셔날 페더레이션 오브 애그리컬쳐 코오퍼레이티브 어소우시에이션스 | 이개체 유래의 배우자를 생산하는 비인간 대형 포유 동물 또는 어류의 작출 방법 |
CN107734965A (zh) * | 2015-04-08 | 2018-02-23 | 全国农业协同组合连合会 | 生产来自不同个体的配子的非人大型哺乳动物或鱼类的制作方法 |
WO2016163386A1 (ja) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-10-13 | 全国農業協同組合連合会 | 異個体由来の配偶子を生産する非ヒト大型哺乳動物又は魚類の作出方法 |
KR102636332B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-08 | 2024-02-14 | 내셔날 페더레이션 오브 애그리컬쳐 코오퍼레이티브 어소우시에이션스 | 이개체 유래의 배우자를 생산하는 비인간 대형 포유 동물 또는 어류의 작출 방법 |
JPWO2017175876A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-05 | 2019-03-14 | 学校法人自治医科大学 | 幹細胞を再樹立する方法 |
WO2017175876A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-12 | 学校法人自治医科大学 | 幹細胞を再樹立する方法 |
JPWO2019073960A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-10 | 2020-11-19 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 分化ポテンシャルを改変した多能性幹細胞の動物の作製への応用 |
JP7071749B2 (ja) | 2017-10-10 | 2022-05-19 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 分化ポテンシャルを改変した多能性幹細胞の動物の作製への応用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1779724A1 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
JPWO2006009297A1 (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
EP1779724A4 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
US20070250943A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
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