WO2005121772A1 - 超音波探傷方法及び超音波探傷装置 - Google Patents
超音波探傷方法及び超音波探傷装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005121772A1 WO2005121772A1 PCT/JP2004/008562 JP2004008562W WO2005121772A1 WO 2005121772 A1 WO2005121772 A1 WO 2005121772A1 JP 2004008562 W JP2004008562 W JP 2004008562W WO 2005121772 A1 WO2005121772 A1 WO 2005121772A1
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- probe
- defect
- ultrasonic
- flaw detection
- angle beam
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- 0 CC*CCCN Chemical compound CC*CCCN 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
- G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2487—Directing probes, e.g. angle probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/056—Angular incidence, angular propagation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/102—Number of transducers one emitter, one receiver
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detection method and an ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus for detecting a defect in a surface to be flawed which is substantially linear and continuous in a steel material.
- FIG. 13 is an example of an explanatory diagram in a case where a defect inside a flat steel material is detected by an edge echo method using a shear wave oblique probe method.
- the transmitting angle beam probe in which the probe 1 a transmits the ultrasonic shear wave and the receiving angle beam probe in which the ultrasonic wave is received consist of one probe 1 a 1
- a description will be given of a case where a defect is detected in the flat steel material 5 using the probe method.
- the vertical axis is the intensity (hereinafter referred to as echo height) S of the ultrasonic wave received by the receiving angle beam probe, and the horizontal axis scans the probe.
- B) and (d) are longitudinal sectional views for explaining the flaw detection principle of the edge echo method.
- (A) and (b) show the case where a substantially planar defect CL 4 perpendicular to the flaw detection surface 53 exists on the flaw detection surface 53 side, and (c) and (d) show the case where the flaw detection surface 53 is opposite. This is the case where a substantially planar defect CL 5 perpendicular to the inspection surface 53 exists on the side.
- a substantially planar defect CL 4 or CL 5 such as a crack
- an ultrasonic wave is applied, as shown in (a) and (c)
- scattered and diffracted waves are generated at the edge of the defect, so that the probe positions X2 and X3 corresponding to the edge of the defect are generated.
- X 4 gives the maximum value of the echo height S. Therefore, as shown in (b) and (d), the ultrasonic wave propagation distance W (or W1 and W2) at which the echo height S is the maximum value, and the probe positions X2, X3,
- the defect height H is obtained using the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic wave from X4 on the surface to be inspected (the plane including the defect CL 4 or CL 5) of 0.
- the propagation distances W and W 2 correspond to the scattered and diffracted waves from the lower ends of the defects CL 4 and CL 5, and the propagation distance W 1 is the scattered waves from the upper end of the defect CL 5 And diffraction waves.
- the propagation distance W (or W1 and W2) is determined by the time from when the ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the probe 1a to when the ultrasonic wave with the maximum echo height S is received, and It can be obtained using the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves propagating inside the target flat steel material (eg, 3200 m / sec).
- the defect to be inspected is a narrow non-welded portion at a welded portion when a plurality of materials are fixed by welding or a narrow crack inside a steel material, the defect ( That is, it is difficult to detect unwelded portions and cracks.
- FIG. 14 is an example of an explanatory diagram in a case where a defect inside a weld portion when two flat steel materials are butt-welded is detected using the TO FD method.
- A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view for explaining the principle of flaw detection
- (b) is a reception waveform (hereinafter, referred to as a flaw detection waveform) of a receiving oblique probe
- (c) is a waveform. It is explanatory drawing (plan view) for demonstrating the flaw detection method. As shown in (c), two flat steel materials 5a and 5b project at the weld WL.
- Bevel welded, 1 lb transmission bevel probe for transmitting longitudinal ultrasonic waves on the surface of steel 5a, and receiving for receiving longitudinal ultrasonic waves on the surface of steel 5b
- Angled probe 12b is mounted. Further, the transmission bevel probe 1 1b and the reception bevel probe 12b are placed in a position symmetrical with respect to the generally linear welded portion WL. Along the direction of the vector V.
- the diffracted or scattered wave 3 from the CL 62 and the bottom reflected wave ⁇ reflected and propagated on the material back surface 55 are received.
- the diffracted or scattered waves (1) and (3) from the upper end CL61 and the lower end CL62 of the defect CL6 are detected from the reception waveform of the reception oblique probe 12b.
- the propagation times TM 3 and TM 4 are obtained.
- the propagation times TM3 and TM4 the distance D between the transmitting and receiving probes shown in (a), the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave propagating inside the steel materials 5a and 5b (for example, 590 Om / sec)
- the positions of the defect upper end CL61 and the defect lower end CL62 are geometrically obtained by using.
- T ⁇ FD method it is possible to accurately detect the defect position using the diffracted or scattered waves 1 and 3 from the upper end CL 61 and the lower end CL 62 of the defect CL 6. (See, for example, JP-A-2002-62281)
- FIG. 15 is an example of an explanatory diagram when flaw detection is performed on the unwelded surface 52 of the cross joint by the TOFD method.
- (A) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the cross joint
- (b) is an explanatory view showing an example of the probe arrangement when flaw detection is performed on the unwelded surface 52 of the cross joint by the TOFD method (longitudinal cross-sectional view). ).
- the TO FD method can accurately detect the defect position, but as shown in Fig. 15 (a), the flat steel 5 and the flat steel 6 are welded to each other.
- the flat steel 6 Because it is difficult to place the probe 11a or 11b on the left side (for example, on the surface of steel material 7, etc.), for example, as shown in (b), The probe 1 1b is placed on the surface 53 of the flat steel material 5 (hereinafter referred to as the flaw detection surface), and the reception angle beam probe 1 2b is mounted on the surface 6 1 of the flat steel material 6. It will be detected in the state where it was placed.
- the intensity of the diffracted and scattered waves from the defect increases when the incident angle and the reflected angle with respect to the surface to be inspected (unwelded surface 52 in Fig. 15) are 45 degrees or less.
- J SND I See p. 84)).
- the incident angle 0a of the ultrasonic wave from the transmission oblique probe 11 to the unwelded surface 52 can be set to 45 degrees or less.
- the reflection angle 0b of the diffracted wave and the scattered wave from the unwelded surface 52 to the reception angle beam probe 12b is approximately 90 degrees, and cannot be 45 degrees or less. Therefore, in such a case, the reception intensity (the intensity of the received signal) of the diffracted wave and the scattered wave from the defect (in this case, the unwelded surface 52) by the reception oblique probe 12b is reduced. Because of its weakness, the SZN ratio was small, making it difficult to detect flaws by TO FD.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic flaw detection method and an ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus that alleviate restrictions on an object that can be detected by the TOFD method. Disclosure of the invention
- an ultrasonic flaw detection method is directed to an ultrasonic flaw detection method for detecting a defect in a substantially linearly continuous flaw detection surface of a steel material using a longitudinal ultrasonic wave. Transmitting longitudinal ultrasonic waves in the form of pulses toward the surface to be inspected.
- a transmission bevel probe, and a reception bevel probe capable of receiving at least one longitudinal wave of a diffracted wave and a scattered wave from an end of a defect in the surface to be inspected.
- the ultrasonic waves are arranged side by side on the flaw detection surface on the same side with respect to the surface so that the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic wave from the transmission oblique probe to the flaw detection surface is approximately 45 degrees or less. It is designed to transmit longitudinal waves.
- a pulse-like longitudinal wave of ultrasonic waves is transmitted toward the surface to be inspected by the bevel probe for transmission, and the end of a defect in the surface to be inspected is transmitted by the bevel probe for reception.
- a longitudinal wave of at least one of a diffracted wave and a scattered wave from the section is received.
- the transmission angle beam probe transmits longitudinal waves of the ultrasonic wave so that the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic wave with respect to the surface to be inspected is approximately 45 degrees or less.
- An angle beam probe is arranged side by side on the flaw detection surface on the same side as the flaw detection surface to perform flaw detection.
- An ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus is an ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus for detecting a defect in a substantially linear continuous flaw detection surface in a steel material by using a longitudinal wave of an ultrasonic wave.
- a transmission angle beam probe for transmitting a longitudinal wave of a pulsed ultrasonic wave toward the device, and a longitudinal wave of at least one of a diffracted wave and a scattered wave from an end of a defect in the surface to be inspected can be received.
- a bevel probe for reception wherein the bevel probe for transmission transmits ultrasonic waves at an incident angle of ultrasonic waves of approximately 45 degrees or less with respect to the surface to be inspected, and
- the bevel probe for trust and the bevel probe for reception are located on the same side of the surface to be detected as the flaw detection surface. They are juxtaposed above.
- the transmission bevel probe transmits a pulse-like longitudinal wave of ultrasonic waves toward the surface to be detected, and the reception bevel probe detects defects in the surface to be detected. At least one longitudinal wave of the diffracted wave and the scattered wave from the end is received.
- the transmission angle beam probe transmits longitudinal waves of the ultrasonic wave so that the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic wave with respect to the surface to be inspected is approximately 45 degrees or less.
- An angle beam probe is arranged side by side on the flaw detection surface on the same side as the flaw detection surface to perform flaw detection.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of an ultrasonic flaw detector to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the positional relationship between the probe and the surface to be inspected.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the structure of the probe.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of a method of scanning the probe.
- FIG. 5 is a screen diagram showing an example of a flaw detection result display screen displayed on the monitor.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a defect location analysis process performed by the analysis personal computer.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a defect location analysis process performed by the analysis personal computer.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a defect existing position analysis process performed by the analysis personal computer.
- FIG. 9 is a screen diagram showing an example of a flaw detection analysis result display screen displayed on the monitor of the analysis personal computer.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an example of a scanning method of the probe.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a defect location analysis process performed by the analysis personal computer.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the defect location analysis process performed by the analysis personal computer.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory view showing an example of a case where a defect inside a flat steel material is detected by an edge echo method using a shear wave oblique probe method.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a case where a defect inside a welded portion when two flat steel materials are butt-welded is detected using the TOFD method.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the case where the unwelded surface of the cross joint is detected by the TOFD method.
- FIG. 1 is an example of an overall configuration diagram of an ultrasonic flaw detector to which the present invention is applied.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector includes a probe 1, a position detector 2, an ultrasonic flaw detector 3, and a personal computer 4 for analysis.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 is communicably connected to the probe 1 and the position detector 2 and displays a reception waveform (hereinafter, referred to as a flaw detection waveform) of the reception oblique probe 1.
- the probe 1 transmits and receives ultrasonic waves, and includes a transmission angle beam probe 11 and a reception angle beam probe 12.
- the transmission angle beam probe 1 1 transmits a longitudinal ultrasonic pulse wave to the surface to be inspected 52 in the material to be inspected 5.
- the ultrasonic wave is transmitted so that the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave with respect to the wound surface 52 is 45 degrees or less (for example, 40 degrees in this case).
- the receiving oblique probe 12 is capable of receiving at least one longitudinal wave of a diffracted wave and a scattered wave from the end of the defect in the surface 52 to be inspected.
- the transmission angle beam probe 11 and the reception angle beam probe 12 are arranged side by side on the flaw detection surface 53 on the same side as the flaw detection surface 52. Further, the transmission angle beam probe 11 and the reception angle beam probe 12 transmit and receive ultrasonic waves by using a local water immersion method described later.
- the position detector 2 detects the position of the probe 1. Specifically, the position detector 2 determines the scanning position at which the transmitting oblique probe 11 and the receiving oblique probe 12 are scanned along the surface to be inspected 52 by a scanning device (not shown). It detects X.
- the scanning position X is the position of the midpoint of the transmission oblique probe 11 and the reception oblique probe 12 in the scanning direction when scanning along the surface to be inspected 52.
- the position detector 2 transmits scanning position information to the ultrasonic flaw detector 3.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 includes a monitor 31 (corresponding to a display means) including a CRT, an LCD, etc., and generates and transmits a signal for generating an ultrasonic wave to the transmission oblique probe 11. At the same time, it receives the flaw detection waveform from the reception angle beam probe 12 and the scanning position information from the position detector 2 and displays the flaw detection result on a monitor 31 as a flaw detection result screen described later.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 has an A scope for displaying a flaw detection waveform, a detected scanning position X as one axis, and a time from transmission to reception of the ultrasonic wave as the other axis T.
- the flaw detection result whose density is changed according to the intensity of the ultrasonic wave received by the square probe 12 is displayed on the monitor 31 as a flaw detection result screen described later.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 includes a flaw detection result storage unit 32 (not shown) that stores a flaw detection waveform in association with scanning position information.
- the analysis personal computer 4 is communicably connected to the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 and analyzes a flaw detection waveform, and includes a monitor 41 composed of a CRT, an LCD, and the like.
- the analysis personal computer 4 also stores flaw detection result information from the flaw detection result storage unit 32 of the ultrasonic flaw detector 3. The received information is analyzed for a defect existing position described later, and the analysis result is displayed on the monitor 41 as a flaw detection result display screen described later.
- the analysis personal computer 4 is provided with a CPU, RAM, R ⁇ M, HDD, FDD, CDR, keyboard, mouse, etc. (not shown), like a general-purpose personal computer (not shown), and a hard disk (HD) (or ROM, RAM).
- the analysis program may be stored in another external storage means such as a CD, LD, or memory card, and may be read into the RAM when performing the analysis.
- FIG. 2 is an example of an explanatory diagram showing a positional relationship between the probe 1 and the surface 52 to be inspected.
- (a) is a plan view and (b) is a longitudinal sectional view.
- the surface to be inspected 52 is a welded portion 51 between a flat steel material 5 having a K-shaped groove and another flat steel material 6 which is substantially upright with respect to the flat steel material 5. Unwelded surface.
- the transmitting angle beam probe 1 1 and the receiving angle beam probe 12 of the probe 1 are connected to the surface 53 of the flat steel material 5 on the same side with respect to the surface 52 to be inspected (hereinafter referred to as a surface to be inspected). ).
- FIG. 3 is an example of a longitudinal sectional view showing the structure of the probe 1.
- the probe 1 includes a transmission angle beam probe 11, a reception angle beam probe 12, and a housing 13.
- the housing 13 is screwed to the transmission angle beam probe 11 and the reception angle beam probe 12 at the position and angle where the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave is 40 degrees with respect to the surface 52 to be inspected.
- the housing 13 is provided with probe insertion sections 1 1 1 and 1 2 1 and water holes 1 1 2 and 1 22.
- the probe insertion section 1 1 1 is a generally cylindrical shape into which the transmission angle beam probe 11 is inserted and fixed. Is a hollow part.
- the probe insertion section 1 21 is a substantially cylindrical hollow section into which the reception angle beam probe 1 2 is inserted and fixed.
- the water passage hole 1 1 2 is a substantially cylindrical hole for allowing water to flow into the probe insertion section 1 1 1.
- the water passage hole 122 is a substantially cylindrical hole for allowing water to flow into the probe insertion portion 122.
- the upper ends of the transmission angle beam probe 11 and the reception angle beam probe 12 are connected to the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 via signal lines (not shown).
- the probe insertion section 1 1 1 and the probe insertion section 1 2 1 are fixed at the upper end with a transmission angle beam probe 11 and a reception angle beam probe 12, respectively, by means of screws or the like. Except for the upper and lower ends, the transmission bevel probe 11 is larger in diameter than the transmission bevel probe 11 and the reception bevel probe 12. There is a gap between the probe and the reception angle beam probe 12, and water outlets 111a and 121a for discharging water for local immersion are provided at the lower end.
- the water holes 1 1 2 and 1 2 2 are provided with water inlets 1 1 2 a and 1 2 2 a, respectively, and are provided with a predetermined flow rate (for example, 5 ml) from a water supply device (not shown) via a hose or the like.
- Water for local immersion flows in at Z sec).
- the inflowing water for local immersion is sent through the probe insertion section 1 1 1 and the probe insertion section 1 2 1 to the probe insertion section 1 1 1 and the probe insertion section 1 2 1.
- the transmission oblique probe 11 and the reception oblique probe 11 are so arranged that the incident angle and the reflection angle of the ultrasonic wave with respect to the surface to be inspected 52 are approximately 45 degrees or less (here, 40 degrees). Since the beveled probes 12 can be installed side by side, it is possible to secure the SZN ratio, and the structures and the like become obstacles, and the beveled probe for transmission 11 and the one for receiving Even when the angle beam probe 12 cannot be arranged on the opposite side to the surface 52 to be inspected, the defect position can be accurately detected by using the TOFD method.
- the ultrasonic vertical Since flaw detection is performed using waves, the scattering echo generated at the grain boundaries in the material, which causes noise in the edge echo method, is reduced, and a sufficient SZN ratio can be obtained. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 3, since ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received using the local water immersion method, the transmission bevel probe 11 and the reception bevel probe 12 and the flaw detection surface 53 The transmission and reception of the ultrasonic wave between are stable, and a high N ratio can be obtained even for diffracted and scattered waves with low intensity.
- FIG. 4 is an example of an explanatory diagram for explaining a scanning method of the probe 1.
- (A) is a plan view and (b) is a longitudinal sectional view.
- scanning is performed in the direction of the vector V3 along a straight line at a fixed distance L from a plane including the surface to be inspected 52 by a scanning device (not shown).
- the scanning position (position in the scanning direction) X is detected by the position detector 2 and transmitted to the ultrasonic flaw detector 3, and the flaw detection waveform from the probe 1 is associated with the scanning position X and the flaw detection result storage unit Stored in 32.
- FIG. 5 is a screen diagram showing an example of a flaw detection result display screen displayed on the monitor 31.
- the flaw detection result display screen 700 an A scope display section AS is displayed on the left side of the screen, and a flaw detection result display section DS is displayed on the right side of the A scope display section AS.
- the flaw detection waveform is displayed as the echo height S on the horizontal axis and the ultrasonic propagation time T, which is the time from transmission to reception of the ultrasonic wave, on the vertical axis.
- the scanning position X is set as the horizontal axis
- the ultrasonic propagation time T is set as the vertical axis
- the density is changed according to the intensity of the ultrasonic wave received by the receiving angle probe 12. (The higher the echo height S, the higher the density.)
- the result of the wound is displayed.
- the A scope display section AS that displays the flaw detection waveform
- the received scanning angle probe is used with the detected scanning position as one axis and the time from transmission to reception of the ultrasonic wave as the other axis.
- the density is changed according to the intensity of the ultrasonic wave (echo) received by the flaw detector, and the flaw detection result is displayed on the flaw detection result display section DS. Therefore, the visual defect considering the continuity of the echo in the probe scanning direction is considered. Judgment becomes possible, and the reliability of the judgment as to whether or not a defect exists is improved.
- FIG. 6 and 7 are examples of explanatory diagrams of the analysis processing of the defect existing position performed by the analysis personal computer 4.
- FIG. Here, it is assumed that the position of the inspection surface 52 is stored in advance on the hard disk HD (or ROM, RAM, or the like) of the analysis personal computer 4.
- the midpoint between the transmission bevel probe 11 and the reception bevel probe 12 is set as the origin, and the transmission bevel probe 11 is connected to the reception bevel probe 1.
- the direction toward 2 is defined as the positive direction of the X axis
- the direction orthogonal to the X axis on the plane including the flaw detection surface 53 is defined as the Y axis
- the thickness direction of the material 5 is defined as the Z axis.
- the analysis personal computer 4 determines whether or not a signal from the defect exists in the flaw detection waveform from the reception angle beam probe 12, and if it is determined that the signal from the defect exists, the defect is detected. From the transmission bevel probe 11 to the reception of the signal by the reception bevel probe 12 to determine the defect signal propagation time TO.
- the distance between the defects CL 1 and CL 2 is the height H of the unwelded surface 52.
- FIG. 8 is an example of a flowchart for explaining the analysis processing of the defect existing position performed by the analysis personal computer 4.
- the ultrasonic propagation time T 0 of the signal from the defect is determined using the flaw detection waveform determined to contain the signal from the defect (step S 1).
- the defect signal propagation distance PSL is obtained using the ultrasonic wave propagation velocity in the material 5 to be inspected (step S3).
- step S7 the intersection of the intersection line RC with the surface to be inspected 52 is determined as the position of the defect CL (step S7).
- the plane orthogonal to the flaw detection surface 53 and having the same distance between the transmitting oblique probe 11 and the receiving oblique probe 12 (locus analysis plane RAP) Since the position of the line of intersection RC with one piece is determined and the intersection of the surface to be inspected 52 and the line of intersection RC is determined as the position of the defect CL, it is a plane orthogonal to the surface to be inspected 53. The position of the defect CL on the plane having the same distance between the probe 11 and the reception angle beam probe 12 can be accurately obtained.
- FIG. 9 is a screen diagram showing an example of a flaw detection analysis result display screen displayed on the monitor 41 of the analysis personal computer 4.
- the flaw detection analysis result display screen 800 displays the A scope display part AS similarly to the flaw detection result display screen 700 displayed on the monitor 31 displayed on the monitor 31 shown in FIG. On the right side of the flaw detection result Display DS is displayed.
- an analysis result display part ARD that displays the result of the analysis processing of the defect existing position is displayed on the right side of the screen.
- the cross-section OB J of the inspection object (here, a cross joint) on the locus analysis plane RAP where the inspection position X of the inspection result display area DS is X1, and the surface to be inspected 52
- the intersection lines RC 1 and RC 2, the defects CL 1 and CL 2, and the height H of the unwelded surface 52 are displayed.
- the flaw detection waveform is displayed on the A scope display section AS, and the horizontal axis X of the flaw detection result display section DS
- the straight line X 1 L indicating the flaw detection position X1 is drawn to indicate that the analysis result of the defect existence position is displayed on the analysis result display section ARD. This is displayed on the flaw detection result display section DS.
- the analysis result display section ARD displays the cross section ⁇ BJ of the inspection target, the defects CL 1 and CL 2, and the height H of the unwelded surface 52, so that the inspection target The positions of the defects CL 1 and CL 2 in the cross section ⁇ BJ of FIG.
- the overall configuration of the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the second embodiment has It comprises a probe 1, a position detector 2, an ultrasonic incisor 3, and a personal computer 4 for analysis.
- the method of scanning the probe 1 and the method of analyzing the defect existing position in the analysis personal computer 4 are respectively the ultrasonic flaw detection according to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the method differs from the method of scanning the probe 1 of the apparatus and the method of analyzing the defect existing position of the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS.
- FIGS. 10 to 12 a method of scanning the probe 1 and a method of analyzing the defect existing position of the ultrasonic flaw detector according to the second embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 10 is an example of an explanatory diagram for explaining a scanning method of the probe 1.
- (A) is a plan view and (b) is a longitudinal sectional view.
- scanning is performed by a scanning device (not shown) in the direction of the vector V4 along a straight line at a fixed distance L1 from a plane including the unwelded surface 52.
- the scanning position (the position in the scanning direction) X is detected by the position detector 2 and transmitted to the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 and transmitted.
- the flaw detection waveform from the probe 1 (hereinafter referred to as the first detection result) ) Is stored in the flaw detection result storage unit 32 in association with the distance L 1 (for example, 15 mm).
- scanning is performed in the direction of the vector V5 along a straight line at a fixed distance L2 (for example, 30 mm) different from the distance L1 from a plane including the unwelded surface 52.
- the values of the distances L 1 and L 2 are appropriately determined based on the thickness of the material 5 to be inspected.
- the scanning position (position in the scanning direction) X is detected by the position detector 2, transmitted to the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 and transmitted, and the flaw detection waveform from the probe 1 (hereinafter referred to as a second detection result) is obtained. It is stored in the flaw detection result storage unit 32 in association with the distance L2.
- FIG. 11 is an example of an explanatory diagram of the analysis process of the defect existing position performed by the analysis personal computer 4.
- the analysis personal computer 4 reads out the first flaw detection result and the second flaw detection result from the flaw detection result storage unit 32 of the ultrasonic flaw detector 3, and the scanning position (position in the scanning direction) is the same value, that is, A first detection result (referred to as a first flaw detection waveform) and a second detection result (a second detection result) in which the scanning position X is a predetermined value (for example, a value desired by the user). Flaw waveform).
- the analysis personal computer 4 also determines whether or not a signal from the defect exists in the first flaw detection waveform, and the signal from the defect is transmitted from the transmission bevel probe 11 to receive the bevel for reception.
- the defect signal propagation time T1 which is the time until reception by the probe 12 is determined, and the signal is propagated from the defect using the defect signal propagation time T1 and the ultrasonic wave propagation velocity in the material 5 to be inspected.
- the first propagation distance PSL1 which is the ultrasonic propagation distance that is the distance, is obtained, and the ultrasonic propagation distance from the transmission bevel probe 11 to the reception bevel probe 12 is the first defect signal. Find the position of the first locus, which is the spheroid that matches the propagation distance PSL1.
- the analysis personal computer 4 determines whether or not a signal from the defect exists in the second flaw detection waveform. If it is determined that a signal from the defect exists, the signal from the defect is transmitted to the transmission oblique angle. Calculate the defect signal propagation time T2, which is the time from transmission from the probe 11 to reception by the receiving angle beam probe 12, and find the defect signal propagation time T2 and the superposition in the material 5 to be inspected.
- the second defect signal propagation distance PSL 2 is obtained, and the transmission oblique probe 11
- the position of the second lip which is a spheroid in which the ultrasonic wave propagation distance to the child 12 coincides with the second defect signal propagation distance PSL 2 is obtained.
- the analysis personal computer 4 is a plane to be analyzed which is a plane orthogonal to the flaw detection surface 53 and which is equal in distance to the transmission angle probe 11 and the reception angle probe 12. (Corresponding to the locus analysis plane RAP in FIG. 6) and the first intersection line RC3, which is the intersection line between the first loci, and the position of the first loci analysis plane RAP and the second loci Then, the position of the second intersection line RC4 is determined, and the intersection of the first intersection line RC3 and the second intersection line RC4 is determined as the position of the defect CL3.
- FIG. 12 is an example of a flowchart for explaining the analysis process of the defect location performed by the analysis personal computer 4.
- the scanning position (position in the scanning direction) X of the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 performing the analysis is selected in advance, and the first flaw detection waveform and the second flaw detection waveform are selected. It is determined whether or not there is a signal from a defect, and it is determined that a signal from a defect exists.
- the ultrasonic wave propagation time T1 of the signal from the defect is determined using the first flaw detection waveform determined to be present from the defect (step S9).
- the defect signal propagation distance P SL 1 is obtained from the ultrasonic propagation time T 1 by using the ultrasonic propagation velocity in the material 5 to be inspected (step S I 1).
- the position of the first mouth-to-mouth is determined, and the position of the intersection line RC 1 between the locus analysis plane RAP and the first locus is determined (step S 13). .
- the ultrasonic propagation time T2 of the signal from the defect is determined using the second flaw detection waveform determined to be present at the signal from the defect (step S15).
- the defect signal propagation distance PSL2 is obtained using the ultrasonic wave propagation speed in the material to be inspected 5 (step S17).
- the position of the second mouth-to-mouth is determined using the defect signal propagation distance PSL2, and the position of the intersection line RC2 between the mouth-to-mouth analysis plane RAP and the second mouth-to-mouth is obtained (step S 1 9).
- the intersection between the intersection line RC1 and the intersection line RC2 is determined as the position of the defect CL3 (step S21).
- the intersection of the first intersection line RC1 and the second intersection line RC2 is obtained as the position of the defect CL3 without using the position of the inspection surface 52. Even when the position of the defect is unknown, the position of the defect can be accurately obtained. In addition, since the intersection of the first intersection line RC1 and the second intersection line RC2 is obtained as the position of the defect CL3 without using the position of the inspection surface 52, as shown in FIG. Even if the defect is not planar, the position of its edge can be determined accurately
- the present invention can take the following forms.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 uses the scanning angle X as the horizontal axis, the ultrasonic propagation time T as the vertical axis, and the ultrasonic beam received by the reception angle beam probe 12.
- the display may be performed by changing the density and color.
- the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 uses the scanning position X as the horizontal axis, the ultrasonic propagation time T as the vertical axis, and the ultrasonic beam received by the receiving angle beam probe 12. The case where the flaw detection result is displayed by changing the concentration according to the intensity of the sound wave has been described.However, the ultrasonic flaw detector 3 (or the analysis personal computer 4) transmits the propagation speed of the longitudinal wave and the shear wave in the material 5 to be detected.
- a process may be performed in which the signal position due to the mixture of the transverse wave and the longitudinal wave in the flaw detection waveform corresponding to the defect determined as the signal from the defect by the longitudinal wave is not detected as a defect.
- the transmitting oblique probe and the oblique angle probe so that the incident angle and the reflection angle of the ultrasonic wave with respect to the surface to be inspected are approximately 45 degrees or less. Since the receiving angle probe can be installed side by side, it is possible to secure the S / N ratio, and the structures and the like become obstacles, and the transmitting angle beam and the receiving angle probe are obstructed. Even when the angular probe cannot be placed on the opposite side of the surface to be inspected, the defect position can be accurately detected using the TOFD method. In addition, since flaw detection is performed using ultrasonic longitudinal waves, scattered echoes generated at crystal grain boundaries in the material that cause noise by the edge echo method are reduced, and a sufficient SZN ratio can be obtained.
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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CN101832972A (zh) * | 2010-04-07 | 2010-09-15 | 南通友联数码技术开发有限公司 | 货车轮轴超声波探伤方法及专用探伤仪 |
CN103808796A (zh) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-21 | 有研亿金新材料股份有限公司 | 一种检测采用中间层连接方式焊接的焊接质量的方法 |
CN105353039A (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-02-24 | 国家电网公司 | 对接焊接接头的相控阵纵波检测方式 |
GB2571369A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-28 | Gb Inspection Systems Ltd | A transducer assembly |
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CN101832972A (zh) * | 2010-04-07 | 2010-09-15 | 南通友联数码技术开发有限公司 | 货车轮轴超声波探伤方法及专用探伤仪 |
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CN105353039A (zh) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-02-24 | 国家电网公司 | 对接焊接接头的相控阵纵波检测方式 |
GB2571369A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-28 | Gb Inspection Systems Ltd | A transducer assembly |
GB2571369B (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2021-04-07 | Gb Inspection Systems Ltd | A transducer assembly |
US11846606B2 (en) | 2018-02-26 | 2023-12-19 | Gb Inspection Systems Ltd | Transducer assembly |
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