WO2005112001A1 - 符号化装置、復号化装置、およびこれらの方法 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Processing of the speech or voice signal to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
- G10L21/038—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation using band spreading techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
- G10L19/06—Determination or coding of the spectral characteristics, e.g. of the short-term prediction coefficients
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/66—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for reducing bandwidth of signals; for improving efficiency of transmission
- H04B1/667—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for reducing bandwidth of signals; for improving efficiency of transmission using a division in frequency subbands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
- G10L19/032—Quantisation or dequantisation of spectral components
Definitions
- Encoding device decoding device, and methods thereof
- the present invention relates to an encoding device, a decoding device, and a method thereof for encoding a spectrum of a wideband audio signal, an audio signal, or the like.
- the maximum frequency of a signal can be widened to about 10 to 15 kHz, a realistic feeling equivalent to FM radio can be obtained, and if it can be widened to about 20 kHz, CD-like quality can be obtained.
- the coding method for audio signals such as the Layer 3 method standardized by the Moving Picture Expert Group (MPEG) and the Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) method is suitable. ing.
- MPEG Moving Picture Expert Group
- AAC Advanced Audio Coding
- Patent Document 1 as a technique for encoding a broadband signal spectrum at a low bit rate with high quality, the high-band spectrum in the wide-band spectrum is replaced by duplicating the low-band spectrum.
- a technique for reducing the overall bit rate while suppressing quality degradation by performing envelope adjustment later is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 a spectrum is divided into a plurality of subbands, a gain vector is generated for each subband, a gain vector is generated, and the gain vector is vector quantized to obtain a bit rate.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2001-521648 (Page 15, Fig. 1, Fig. 2)
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-5-265487
- FIGS. 1A to 1D are diagrams showing respective spectra when the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is applied to an original signal in a frequency band 0 ⁇ k ⁇ FH.
- Fig. 1A shows the spectrum of the original signal
- Fig. 1B shows the low-frequency spectrum after removing the high-frequency part (FL ⁇ k ⁇ FH) of the spectrum of the original signal
- Fig. 1C shows the low-frequency spectrum of Fig. 1B
- Fig. 1D shows the spectrum after adjusting the envelope of the high frequency band.
- the envelope adjustment is performed after the high-frequency spectrum is replaced with the replica of the low-frequency spectrum, because the outline of the newly generated high-frequency spectrum (replicated spectrum) is the high frequency of the original signal.
- the fact that the quality of the vector is very different from the outline of the vector will cause significant quality degradation. Therefore, it is very important to improve the similarity between the high frequency spectrum of the original signal and the newly generated spectrum by adjusting the outline of the newly generated high frequency spectrum.
- the replica spectrum may be multiplied by an adjustment coefficient (gain) so that the energy of the replica spectrum matches the energy of the high-frequency spectrum of the original signal.
- gain an adjustment coefficient
- FIG. 2A is a diagram showing the outline of the spectrum of the original signal
- FIG. 2B is a diagram showing the outline of the spectrum after the outline adjustment.
- the spectrum obtained has the following problems. That is, discontinuity occurs at the connection between the low-frequency spectrum and the high-frequency spectrum, causing abnormal noise. This is because the entire high-frequency spectrum is multiplied by the same gain, so the energy of the high-frequency spectrum matches that of the original signal, but continuity between the low-frequency spectrum and the high-frequency spectrum is maintained. It is not limited. Also, if there is any characteristic shape in the outline of the low-frequency spectrum, a uniform gain is used. Just multiplying it will leave the characteristic shape inadequate in the high frequency area, which also contributes to sound quality degradation.
- Patent Document 2 may be applied to the above-described spectrum outline adjustment, that is, the outline adjustment may be performed by adjusting the gain for each subband after subband division.
- Conceivable. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing an example of the outline of the spectrum obtained by this processing.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing an outline of the spectrum of the original signal
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an outline of the spectrum when the gain of each subband is adjusted after subband division.
- an object of the present invention is to realize the similarity between the high-frequency spectrum of the original signal and the newly generated spectrum while realizing a low bit rate when encoding the spectrum of the wideband signal. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sign key apparatus and a sign key method that can be improved.
- the encoder apparatus includes an acquisition unit that acquires at least a spectrum divided into a low band and a high band, a first encoding unit that encodes the low band spectrum, and the high band.
- the invention's effect [0018] According to the present invention, when the spectrum of a wideband signal is encoded, the similarity between the high frequency spectrum of the original signal and the newly generated spectrum is improved while realizing a low bit rate error. That's right.
- FIG. 1A Diagram showing the spectrum of the original signal
- FIG. 1C Diagram showing the spectrum of the entire band obtained by inserting a replica of the low-frequency spectrum into the high-frequency region.
- FIG. 1D A diagram showing the spectrum after adjusting the envelope of the high frequency band
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of a wireless transmission apparatus according to Embodiment 1
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a main configuration inside the sign key device according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the main configuration inside the high-frequency code section according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the main components inside the gain code key section according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining a series of processes related to interpolation calculation according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram for explaining a series of processes related to the interpolation calculation according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing another variation of the sign key device according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of a high frequency code key section according to Embodiment 1
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the radio receiving apparatus according to Embodiment 1
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the main configuration inside the decoding device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the main configuration inside the high frequency decoding key section according to Embodiment 1
- FIG. 16 shows a configuration of a decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of a high frequency decoding key unit according to Embodiment 1
- FIG. 18A is a block diagram showing a main configuration on the transmission side when the coding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 is applied to a wired communication system.
- FIG. 18B is a block diagram showing a main configuration on the receiving side when the decoding device according to Embodiment 1 is applied to a wired communication system.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the hierarchical coding apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing the main configuration inside the spectrum code key section according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing the main configuration inside the extension band gain code key section according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 22A is a diagram for explaining the outline of processing of the extension band gain code key section according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 22B is a diagram for explaining the outline of the processing of the extension band gain code key section according to Embodiment 2
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the hierarchical decoding device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a spectrum decoding unit according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing the main configuration inside the extended band gain decoding unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the extension band gain code key section according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining a method for calculating a reference amplitude value.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining the interpolation processing of the interpolation unit according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of a decoding device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of an extension band gain code key section according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram for explaining a method of arranging gain candidates for the interpolation unit according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram for explaining an extended band gain decoding unit according to the fourth embodiment.
- the target of code Z decoding is an audio signal or audio signal
- the present invention can be broadly divided into a first case applied to normal encoding (non-scalable code ⁇ ) and a second case applied to scalable code ⁇ . Therefore, the first case will be described in the first embodiment, and the second case will be described in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of radio transmitting apparatus 130 when the coding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is mounted on the transmitting side of the radio communication system.
- the wireless transmission device 130 includes an encoding device 100, an input device 131, an AZD conversion device 132, an RF modulation device 133, and an antenna 134.
- the input device 131 converts the sound wave W11 that can be heard by the human ear into an analog signal that is an electrical signal, and outputs the analog signal to the AZD conversion device 132.
- the AZD conversion device 132 converts this analog signal into a digital signal and outputs it to the encoding device 100.
- the encoding device 100 encodes the input digital signal to generate a encoding signal, and outputs it to the RF modulation device 133.
- the RF modulation device 133 modulates the encoded signal to generate a modulated encoded signal and outputs it to the antenna 134.
- the antenna 134 transmits the modulated encoded signal as a radio wave W12.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a main configuration inside the above-described sign key device 100.
- a time domain digital signal is input, this signal is converted into a frequency domain signal, and the force is coded.
- Code encoder 100 includes input terminal 101, frequency domain transform section 102, dividing section 103, low frequency encoding section 104, high frequency encoding section 105, multiplexing section 106, and output terminal 107. Have.
- Frequency domain transform section 102 performs conversion to the frequency domain on the time domain digital signal input from input terminal 101, and generates a spectrum that is a frequency domain signal. Note that the effective frequency band of this spectrum is 0 ⁇ k ⁇ FH.
- discrete Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform, modified discrete cosine transform, wavelet transform, etc. are used as the method of conversion to the frequency domain.
- Dividing section 103 divides the spectrum obtained by frequency domain transforming section 102 into two frequency band (band) spectra, a low-frequency spectrum and a high-frequency spectrum, and performs a split scan.
- the vector is supplied to the low frequency code key unit 104 and the high frequency code key unit 105.
- the dividing unit 103 converts the spectrum output from the frequency domain transform unit 102 into a low-frequency spectrum with an effective frequency band 0 ⁇ k ⁇ FL and a high-frequency spectrum with an effective frequency band FL ⁇ k ⁇ FH.
- the obtained low-frequency spectrum is given to the low-frequency code key unit 104 and the high-frequency spectrum is given to the high-frequency code key unit 105.
- the low frequency code unit 104 performs code processing of the low frequency spectrum output from the dividing unit 103, and outputs the obtained code key information to the multiplexing unit 106.
- the low frequency encoding unit 104 has more bits than the high frequency encoding unit 105.
- MPEG layer 3 method, AAC method, TwinVQ Transform domain Weighted Iterieave Vector Quantization method, etc.
- the high frequency code unit 105 performs encoding processing described later on the high frequency spectrum output from the dividing unit 103, and multiplexes the obtained code key information (gain information). Output to. Details of the code key method in the high frequency code key unit 105 will be described later.
- the multiplexing unit 106 receives information on the low-frequency spectrum from the low-frequency code key unit 104, while the high-frequency code key unit 105 receives a gain necessary for obtaining an outline of the high-frequency spectrum. Information is entered. The multiplexing unit 106 multiplexes these pieces of information and outputs them from the output terminal 107.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a main configuration inside the high frequency code key unit 105.
- the spectrum shape encoding unit 112 is given the spectrum S (k) of the effective frequency FL ⁇ k ⁇ FH of the input signal through the input terminal 111, and encodes the shape of this spectrum. Specifically, the spectrum shape code unit 112 encodes the spectrum shape so that the audible distortion is minimized, and the code shape information relating to this spectrum shape is multiplexed by the multiplexer 114 and the spectrum shape. This is given to the decryption unit 116.
- E ⁇ w (k)-(S (k)-C (i, k)) (Equation 1)
- C (i, k) represents the i-th code vector included in the codebook
- w (k) represents a weighting factor corresponding to the auditory importance of the frequency k
- FL and FH represent indices corresponding to the minimum and maximum frequencies of the high-frequency spectrum, respectively.
- the spectrum shape code key unit 112 may output a code vector C (i, k) that minimizes (Equation 2).
- the spectrum shape decoding unit 116 decodes the code information related to the spectrum shape output from the spectrum shape code unit 112, and gains the obtained code vector C (i, k). This is given to the sign key 113.
- the gain code key unit 113 codes the code vector C (i so that the spectral outline of the code vector C (i, k) is close to the spectral outline of the input spectrum S (k) that is the target signal. , k) is encoded, and the encoded information is provided to the multiplexing unit 114. The processing of the gain code key unit 113 will be described in detail later.
- the multiplexing unit 114 multiplexes the code key information output from the spectrum shape code key unit 112 and the gain code key unit 113, and outputs this through the output terminal 115.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a main configuration inside gain sign key section 113 described above.
- the gain code key unit 113 receives the shape of the high-frequency spectrum from the spectrum shape decoding key unit 116 via the input terminal 121, and also receives the input spectrum via the input terminal 127.
- the subband amplitude calculation unit 122 calculates the amplitude value of each subband for the spectrum shape input from the spectrum shape decoding unit 116.
- the multiplication unit 123 adjusts the amplitude by multiplying the amplitude value of each subband of the spectrum shape output from the subband amplitude calculation unit 122 by the gain (described later) of each subband from which the interpolation unit 126 output is also output. After, search section Output to 124.
- the subband amplitude calculation unit 128 calculates the amplitude value of each subband with respect to the input spectrum of the target signal input from the input terminal 127 and outputs it to the search unit 124.
- Search section 124 calculates a distortion between the subband amplitude value output from multiplication section 123 and the subband amplitude value of the high-frequency spectrum provided from subband amplitude calculation section 128. Specifically, a plurality of gain quantization value candidates g (j) are registered in advance in the gain codebook 125, and the search unit 124 selects the plurality of gain quantization value candidates g (j). Specify one of them and calculate the above distortion (square distortion).
- j is an index for identifying each gain quantization value candidate.
- the gain codebook 125 gives the gain candidate g (j) designated by the search unit 124 to the interpolation unit 126.
- the interpolation unit 126 uses the gain candidate g (j) to calculate the gain value of the subband for which the gain has not yet been determined by interpolation calculation. Then, the interpolation unit 126 gives the gain candidate given from the gain codebook 125 and the calculated interpolation gain candidate to the multiplication unit 123.
- the processing of the multiplication unit 123, the search unit 124, the gain codebook 125, and the interpolation unit 126 is a feedback loop, and the search unit 124 includes all gain quanta registered in the gain codebook 125.
- the above distortion (square distortion) is calculated for the candidate for the conversion value g1.
- the search unit 124 outputs the gain index j that minimizes the square distortion through the output terminal 129.
- the search unit 124 first selects a specific value from the gain quantization value candidates g (j) registered in the gain codebook 125, and uses this to store the remaining value.
- a pseudo high-frequency spectrum is generated by interpolating the gain quantization value of the signal.
- the search unit 124 uses the gain quantization used first.
- a gain quantized value that gives the best similarity between two spectra is selected, and an index j indicating this gain quantized value is output.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams for explaining a series of processing related to the above-described interpolation calculation of the gain code key unit 113.
- j represents an index for identifying gain candidates.
- the gain codebook 125 is designed by using a sufficiently long learning data. Therefore, an appropriate gain candidate has already been stored.
- the gain candidate G (j) may be either a scalar value or a vector value, but here it will be described as a two-dimensional vector.
- the interpolation unit 126 uses the gain candidate G (j) to calculate the gain for the subband for which the gain has not yet been determined by interpolation.
- the interpolation process is performed as shown in FIG. 8B.
- the gain of the 0th subband is given by gO1
- the gain of the 7th subband is given by gl (j)
- the gain power of other subbands 1 ⁇ 2 0 (j) and gl (j) are linearly interpolated. Is given as an inset.
- the input wideband spectrum to be encoded is divided into at least a low-frequency spectrum and a high-frequency spectrum, and is converted into a high-frequency vector.
- this spectrum is further divided into a plurality of subbands, some of the subbands are selected, and only the gain of the selected subband is encoded (quantized). To do. Therefore, since not all subbands are coded, the gain can be coded efficiently with a small code amount.
- the above processing is performed on the high frequency spectrum when the input signal is an audio signal, audio signal, etc., the high frequency data is less important than the low frequency data. Because of this.
- the coding apparatus interpolates the selected gains with respect to the gains of the subbands not selected in the high frequency spectrum. It expresses by doing. Therefore, the gain can be determined while smoothly approximating the change in the spectrum outline while maintaining the code amount at a certain level. In other words, the generation of abnormal noise can be suppressed with a small number of bits, and the quality is improved. Therefore, when encoding the spectrum of a wideband signal, it is possible to improve the similarity between the high-frequency spectrum of the original signal and the newly generated spectrum while realizing a low bit rate.
- the present invention focuses on the fact that the outline of the spectrum changes smoothly in the frequency axis direction. Using this property, the points to be encoded (quantization points) are limited to a part, and this Only the quantization points are encoded, and for the remaining subbands, the gains of the quantization points are interpolated with each other. It is what we wanted more.
- the transmission apparatus equipped with the coding apparatus according to the present embodiment transmits only the quantization gain of the selected subband, and does not transmit the gain obtained by interpolation.
- the decoding device mounted on the receiving device receives and decodes the transmitted quantized gain and transmits it to the sub-band gain. Gains are obtained by interpolating each other.
- the interpolation method is not limited to this, and for example, interpolation is performed with a function other than a linear function due to spectrum characteristics. If it is clear that the sign key performance is improved by performing the above, the function may be used for the complement calculation.
- the position of the quantization point is not necessarily limited to these settings, but it is expected that an error due to interpolation will be reduced by satisfying the following conditions.
- the position of gO (j) is set to a position near the frequency FL, which is the connection between the low-frequency spectrum and the high-frequency spectrum, in order to maintain continuity between the low-frequency spectrum and the high-frequency spectrum. It is desirable.
- gl (j) is set to the position of the subband of the maximum frequency of the high-frequency vector (in short, the right end of the high-frequency spectrum), at least the gain at this location can be specified, although the rough shape of the entire spectrum may not be accurate, it can be expressed efficiently.
- the position of glG) may be, for example, an intermediate position between FL and FH.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a case where there is only one quantization point glG).
- SL represents the low-frequency spectrum
- SH represents the high-frequency spectrum.
- the gain value of the subband of the maximum frequency in the low frequency spectrum can be expected not to be significantly different from the gain value of the subband of the minimum frequency of the high frequency spectrum.
- the gain value of the subband at the maximum frequency is used. As a result, the above gain interpolation can be performed without obtaining gO (j).
- the number of quantization points may be three or more.
- Figures 10A and B show the case where there are three quantization points.
- the subband gains determined for the three subbands are used, and the gains of the other subbands are determined by interpolation.
- at least one point is the center of the high-frequency spectrum, even though 2 points are used to represent the gain of the high-frequency spectrum edge (FL or FH). It can be placed on the part (the part other than the end). Therefore, even if there is a characteristic part of the outline of the high-frequency spectrum, for example, a peak (maximum point) or a valley (minimum point), by assigning one quantization point to this peak or valley, It is possible to generate coding parameters that well represent the outline of the high-frequency spectrum. However, if the number of quantization points is increased to 3 or more, small changes in the spectral outline can be signified more faithfully, but the code efficiency is reduced by a trade-off.
- the encoding method includes a step of selecting a part of quantization points from a plurality of subbands, and a step of obtaining the gain of the remaining gains by interpolation calculation.
- the low bit rate error can be achieved even by limiting the quantization points to a part, so the interpolation calculation step is omitted when high code performance is not required.
- only the step of selecting a part of the quantization points may be used.
- the input digital signal is directly converted into the frequency domain to Although the case where the split is performed has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing another variation (encoding apparatus 100a) of encoding apparatus 100 described above.
- symbol is attached
- a configuration may be adopted in which an input digital signal is band-divided by filtering.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of high frequency code key section 105a in code key apparatus 100a. It should be noted that the same components as those in the high-frequency code unit 105 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the difference between the high frequency code key unit 105 and the high frequency code key unit 105a is where the frequency domain transform unit is installed.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of radio receiving apparatus 180 that receives a signal transmitted from radio transmitting apparatus 130 according to the present embodiment.
- the wireless reception device 180 includes an antenna 181, an RF demodulation device 182, a decoding device 150, a DZA conversion device 183, and an output device 184.
- the antenna 181 receives a digital encoded acoustic signal as the radio wave W 12, generates a digital reception code / acoustic signal of an electric signal, and supplies the generated signal to the RF demodulator 182.
- the RF demodulator 182 demodulates the received encoded acoustic signal from the antenna 181 to generate a demodulated encoded acoustic signal and supplies it to the decoding apparatus 150.
- Decoding unit 150 receives the digital demodulated encoded acoustic signal from RF demodulator 182 and performs a decoding process to generate a digital decoded acoustic signal to generate a DZA conversion unit 183. give.
- the DZA conversion device 183 converts the digital decoded audio signal from the decoding device 150 to generate an analog decoded audio signal, and provides it to the output device 184.
- the output device 184 converts the analog decoded audio signal, which is an electrical signal, into air vibration and outputs it as a sound wave W13 so that it can be heard by the human ear.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the main configuration inside decoding apparatus 150 described above.
- Separating section 152 receives a low-frequency code from the demodulated encoded acoustic signal input via input terminal 151.
- the encoding parameter and the high frequency decoding key parameter are separated, and each encoding parameter is given to the low frequency decoding unit 153 and the high frequency decoding key unit 154, respectively.
- the low frequency decoding unit 153 generates a low frequency decoding spectrum by decoding the encoding parameters obtained by the encoding process of the low frequency encoding unit 104, and provides the resultant to the combining unit 155.
- Highband decoding key section 154 performs a decoding process using the highband code key parameters, generates a highband decoding spectrum, and provides it to combining section 155.
- Combining section 155 combines the low-frequency decoded spectrum and the high-frequency decoded spectrum, and provides the combined spectrum to time domain transforming section 156.
- the time domain conversion unit 156 converts the combined spectrum into the time domain, performs processing such as windowing and superposition addition so that discontinuity is less likely to occur between consecutive frames, and outputs from the output terminal 157. To do.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a main configuration inside highband decoding key section 154.
- Separating section 162 separates the spectrum shape code and the gain code from the high-frequency encoding parameter input via input terminal 161, and separates the spectrum shape code and the gain code from each of the spectrum shape decoding section 163 and the gain. This is given to the decryption key 164.
- the spectrum shape decoding unit 163 selects the codebook power code vector C (i, k) with reference to the spectrum shape code, and supplies the code strength code vector C (i, k) to the multiplication unit 165.
- Gain decoding section 164 decodes the gain based on the gain code, and provides the result to multiplication section 165. Details of the gain decoding unit 164 will be described in detail in the second embodiment.
- Multiplication section 165 multiplies code vector C (i, k) selected by spectrum shape decoding section 163 by the gain decoded by gain decoding section 164, and outputs the result via output terminal 166. To do.
- the configuration on the sign key side is a structure that performs band division into a low frequency signal and a high frequency signal by a band division filter, as in the code key device 100a shown in FIG.
- the configuration of the corresponding decoding device is the configuration (decoding device 150a) shown in FIG.
- symbol is attached
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of highband decoding section 154a in decoding apparatus 150a.
- the same components as those in the high frequency decoding unit 154 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the difference between the high frequency decoding unit 154 and the high frequency decoding unit 154a is in which position the frequency domain transform unit is installed.
- the decoding apparatus described above it is possible to decode information encoded by the encoding apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the case where the frequency band of the input signal is divided into two bands has been described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the frequency band of the input signal is divided into two or more bands.
- the signal in the power frequency domain described as an example where the signal in the time domain is input may be directly input.
- the encoding apparatus or decoding apparatus according to the present embodiment is applied to a wireless communication system has been described as an example, but the encoding apparatus or decoding according to the present embodiment has been described.
- the conversion apparatus can also be applied to a wired communication system as shown below.
- FIG. 18A is a block diagram showing the main configuration on the transmission side when the coding apparatus according to the present embodiment is applied to a wired communication system.
- the same components as those already shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the wired transmission device 140 includes an encoding device 100, an input device 131, and an AZD conversion device 132, and an output is connected to the network N1.
- the input terminal of the AZD conversion device 132 is connected to the output terminal of the input device 131.
- the input terminal of the encoding device 100 is connected to the output terminal of the AZD conversion device 132.
- the output terminal of the encoder 100 is connected to the network N1.
- the input device 131 converts the sound wave W11 that can be heard by the human ear into an analog signal that is an electrical signal, and provides the analog signal to the AZD conversion device 132.
- the AZD conversion device 132 converts the analog signal into a digital signal and gives the digital signal to the encoding device 100.
- the encoding device 100 encodes an input digital signal to generate a code, and outputs the code to the network N1.
- FIG. 18B is a block diagram showing a main configuration on the reception side when the decoding apparatus according to the present embodiment is applied to a wired communication system.
- the same components as those already shown in FIG. 13 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the wired receiving device 190 includes a receiving device 191 connected to the network N1, a decoding device 150, a DZA conversion device 183, and an output device 184.
- the input terminal of the reception device 191 is connected to the network N1.
- Decryption device 150 Are connected to the output terminal of the receiving device 191.
- the input terminal of the DZA conversion device 183 is connected to the output terminal of the decoding device 150.
- the input terminal of the output device 184 is connected to the output terminal of the DZA converter 183.
- Receiving device 191 receives the digital coded acoustic signal from network N1, generates a digital received acoustic signal, and provides it to decoding device 150.
- the decoding apparatus 150 receives the received acoustic signal from the receiving apparatus 191, performs a decoding process on the received acoustic signal, generates a digital decoded acoustic signal, and provides the digital decoded acoustic signal to the DZA converter 183.
- the DZA conversion device 183 converts the digital decoded speech signal from the decoding device 150 to generate an analog decoded speech signal, and provides it to the output device 184.
- the output device 184 converts an analog decoded acoustic signal, which is an electrical signal, into vibration of the air and outputs it as a sound wave W13 so that it can be heard by the human ear.
- the feature of the present embodiment is that the encoding device and decoding device of the present invention are applied to a band scalable code having scalability in the frequency axis direction.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of hierarchical coding apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Hierarchical code encoder 200 includes an input terminal 221, a downsampling unit 222, a first layer encoding unit 223, a first layer decoding unit 224, a delay unit 226, a spectral encoding unit 210, A multiplexing unit 227 and an output terminal 228 are provided.
- a signal having an effective frequency band of 0 ⁇ k ⁇ FH is input to the input terminal 221 from the AZD converter 132.
- the downsampling unit 222 performs downsampling on the signal input via the input terminal 221 to generate and output a signal having a low sampling rate.
- the first layer encoding unit 223 encodes the signal after the downsampling, outputs the obtained encoding parameter to the multiplexing unit (multiplexer) 227, and also performs the first layer decoding. Also output to buttock 224.
- First layer decoding section 224 generates a decoded signal of the first layer based on this encoding parameter.
- the delay unit 226 gives a delay of a predetermined length to the signal input via the input terminal 221.
- the magnitude of this delay is the same as the time delay that occurs when the signal passes through the downsampling unit 222, the first layer encoding unit 223, and the first layer decoding unit 224.
- the spectrum code key unit 210 performs spectrum code keying using the signal output from the first layer decoding key unit 224 as the first signal and the signal output from the delay unit 226 as the second signal,
- the generated coding parameters are output to multiplexing section 227.
- Multiplexing section 227 multiplexes the coding parameter obtained by first layer coding section 223 and the coding parameter obtained by spectrum coding section 210, and outputs it as an output code via output terminal 228. .
- This output code is provided to the RF modulator 133.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a main configuration inside spectrum code key unit 210 described above.
- Spectrum code key unit 210 has input terminals 201 and 204, frequency domain transform units 202 and 205, extended band spectrum estimation unit 203, extended band gain code key unit 206, multiplexing unit 207, and output terminal Has 208.
- Input terminal 201 receives the signal decoded by first layer decoding section 224.
- the effective frequency band of this signal is 0 ⁇ k ⁇ FL.
- the second signal having an effective frequency band of 0 ⁇ k ⁇ FH (where FL and FH) is input from the delay unit 226 to the input terminal 204.
- Frequency domain transform section 202 performs frequency transform on the first signal input from input terminal 201 to calculate first spectrum Sl (k).
- the frequency domain conversion unit 205 performs frequency conversion on the second signal input from the input terminal 204, and calculates the second spectrum S2 (k).
- DFT discrete Fourier transform
- DCT discrete cosine transform
- MDCT modified discrete cosine transform
- the extended band spectrum estimation unit 203 estimates the spectrum to be included in the band FL ⁇ k ⁇ FH of the first spectrum Sl (k) using the second spectrum S2 (k) as a reference signal, and estimates the estimated spectrum E (k) (where FL ⁇ k ⁇ FH).
- the estimated spectrum E (k) is estimated based on the spectrum included in the low band (0 ⁇ k ⁇ FL) of the first spectrum Sl (k).
- the extended band gain sign unit 206 codes the gain to be multiplied by the estimated spectrum E (k) using the estimated spectrum E (k) and the second spectrum S2 (k). How little processing is done here It is important to make the spectral outline of the estimated spectrum E (k) in the extended band efficiently close to the spectral outline of the second vector S2 (k) with a large code amount. The sound quality is greatly affected by this success or failure.
- the multiplexing unit 207 receives information on the estimated spectrum of the extension band from the extension band spectrum estimation unit 203 and obtains the spectral outline of the extension band from the extension band gain code unit 206. Necessary gain information is input. This information is multiplexed and output from output terminal 208.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a main configuration inside extension band gain code key section 206 described above.
- the extended band gain code unit 206 includes input terminals 211 and 217, subband amplitude calculation units 212 and 218, gain codebook 215, interpolation unit 216, multiplication unit 213, search unit 214, and output terminal 219.
- the estimated spectrum E (k) is input from the input terminal 211, and the second spectrum S2 (k) is input from the input terminal 217.
- Subband amplitude calculation section 212 divides the extended band into subbands and calculates the amplitude value of estimated spectrum E (k) for each subband.
- the extension band is expressed as FL ⁇ k ⁇ F H
- the bandwidth BW of the extension band is expressed as (Equation 3).
- the minimum frequency FL (n) of the nth subband is expressed as (Equation 5), and the maximum frequency FH (n) of the nth subband is expressed as (Equation 6).
- the amplitude value AE (n) of the estimated spectrum E (k) is calculated according to (Equation 7) for each subband defined in this way.
- subband amplitude calculation section 218 calculates amplitude value AS2 (n) for each subband of second spectrum S2 (k) according to (Equation 8).
- gain codebook 215 has J gain quantized value candidates G (j) (where 0 ⁇ j ⁇ J), and performs the following processing on all gain candidates: .
- the gain codebook 215 is designed in advance using a sufficiently long learning data. Therefore, the appropriate gain candidate is already stored.
- FIGS. 22A and 22B are diagrams for explaining the outline of the processing of the extended band gain code unit 206.
- the first element gO (j) of gain candidate G1 is the 0th subband gain
- the second element gl (j) is the 7th subband gain
- each is the 1st subband. And in the 7th subband.
- Interpolation section 216 uses this gain candidate G (j) to calculate the gain for the sub-band by interpolation when the gain is still determined.
- the 0th subband gain is given by gO1
- the 7th subband gain is given by gl (j)
- the other subband gains are given by gO (j) and gl (j)
- the gain p (j, n) of the nth subband can be expressed as (Equation 9).
- the subband gain candidate p (j, n) calculated in this way is given to the multiplier 213.
- Multiplication section 213 multiplies subband amplitude value AE (n) given from subband amplitude calculation section 212 and subband gain candidate p (j, n) given from interpolation section 216 for each element.
- AE ′ (n) is calculated according to (Equation 10) and given to search section 214.
- Search unit 214 calculates the distortion between subband amplitude value AE, (n) after multiplication and subband amplitude value AS2 (k) of the second spectrum given by subband amplitude calculation unit 218.
- the definition of force distortion which is explained by taking the case of using square distortion as an example, is achieved by using, for example, a distance scale that performs weighting based on auditory sensitivity for each element.
- Search section 214 calculates square distortion D of AE ′ (n) and AS2 (n) according to (Equation 11).
- the square distortion D may be set as (Equation 12).
- w (n) represents a weight function based on auditory sensitivity.
- gain quantized value candidates G (j) included in gain codebook 215 square distortion D is calculated in accordance with the above processing, and when square distortion D is the smallest among them, The gain index j is output via output terminal 219.
- the gain is determined by performing interpolation based on the magnitude of the subband amplitude.
- the interpolation is performed based on the subband logarithmic energy instead of the subband amplitude. It may be.
- the gain is determined so that the spectral outline changes smoothly in the logarithmic energy region that matches the human auditory characteristics, so that the quality is improved more audibly and the effect is obtained.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of hierarchical decoding apparatus 250 that decodes the information encoded by hierarchical encoding apparatus 200 described above.
- a description will be given by taking as an example the case of decoding a hierarchically encoded encoding meter.
- the hierarchical decoding device 250 has an input terminal 171, a separation unit 172, a first layer decoding unit 173, a spectrum decoding unit 260, and output terminals 176 and 177.
- a digital demodulated code signal is input to the input terminal 171 from the RF demodulator 182.
- Separating section 172 separates the demodulated encoded acoustic signal input via input terminal 171 and generates a coding key parameter for first layer decoding section 173 and a coding parameter for spectrum decoding key section 260.
- First layer decoding section 173 decodes the decoded signal of signal band 0 ⁇ k ⁇ FL by using the coding parameter obtained by separating section 172, and provides this decoded signal to the spectrum decoding section .
- the other output is connected to the output terminal 176.
- the spectrum decoding unit 260 is provided with the code key parameter separated by the separating unit 172 and the first layer decoded signal obtained from the first layer decoding unit.
- the spectrum decoding unit 260 performs spectrum decoding to be described later, generates a decoded signal having a signal band 0 ⁇ k ⁇ FH, and outputs this via an output terminal 177.
- the spectrum decoding unit 260 performs processing by regarding the first layer decoded signal given from the first layer decoding unit as the first signal.
- the first layer decoded signal generated by first layer decoding section 173 when it is necessary to output the first layer decoded signal generated by first layer decoding section 173, it can be output from output terminal 176. Further, when it is necessary to output the output signal of the spectrum decoding unit 260 having higher quality, it can be output from the output terminal 177. Either one of the output terminal 176 or the output terminal 177 is output from the hierarchical decoding device 250 and is supplied to the DZA conversion device 183. It is done. Which signal is output is based on the settings and judgment results of the application and user.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of the spectrum decoding unit 260 described above.
- This spectrum decoding unit 260 is composed of input terminals 251, 253, separation unit 252, frequency domain conversion unit 254, extended band estimation spectrum adding unit 255, extended band gain decoding unit 256, multiplication. Section 257, time domain conversion section 258, and output terminal 259.
- the code key parameter encoded by the spectrum code key unit 210 is input from the input terminal 251, and the extension band estimation spectrum giving unit 255 and the extension band gain decoding key unit are connected via the separation unit 252.
- the sign parameter is input to 256 respectively.
- a first signal having an effective frequency band power ⁇ ⁇ k ⁇ FL is input to the input terminal 25 3.
- This first signal is a first layer decoded signal decoded by first layer decoding section 173.
- the frequency domain transform unit 254 performs frequency transform on the time domain signal input from the input terminal 253, and calculates the first span Sl (k).
- the frequency transform method uses discrete Fourier transform (DFT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT), or the like.
- Extension band estimation spectrum assigning section 255 is a coding parameter obtained from separating section 252 for the spectrum included in extension band FL ⁇ k ⁇ FH of first spectrum Sl (k) given by frequency domain transform section 254. Generate based on This generation method depends on the estimation method of the extended band spectrum used on the encoding side, but here the estimated spectrum E (k) included in the extended band is generated using the first spectrum Sl (k). Shall. Therefore, the combined spectrum F (k) output from the extended band estimation spectrum assigning unit 255 is the first spectrum Sl (k) in the band 0 ⁇ k ⁇ FL, and the extended band in the band FL ⁇ k ⁇ FH. Consists of estimated spectrum E (k).
- the extended band gain decoding unit 256 is a subband gain multiplied by the spectrum included in the extended band FL ⁇ k ⁇ FH of the combined spectrum F (k) based on the sign key parameter given by the separating unit 252.
- Generate p (j, n) A method for generating the subband gain p (j, n) will be described later.
- Multiplier 257 includes an extended band gain for each subband in the spectrum included in extended band FL ⁇ k ⁇ FH of combined spectrum F (k) given from extended band estimation spectrum giving section 255.
- the decoding spectrum F, (k) is generated by multiplying the subband gain p (j, n) given by the decoding decoding unit 256.
- the decoded spectrum F ′ (k) can be expressed as (Equation 13).
- Time domain conversion section 258 converts the decoded spectrum F ′ (k) obtained from multiplication section 257 into a time domain signal and outputs it through output terminal 259.
- processing such as appropriate windowing and overlay addition is performed as necessary to avoid discontinuities between frames.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing the main configuration inside extension band gain decoding unit 256 described above.
- the index j determined by the extension band gain code key unit 206 on the code key side is input from the input terminal 261, and the gain G (j) is selected from the gain code book 262 based on this index information. Selected and output.
- the gain G (j) is given to the interpolation unit 263, and the interpolation unit 263 generates a subband gain p (j, n) by performing interpolation according to the method described above, and outputs it from the output terminal 264.
- the decoding apparatus of the present embodiment since it has a configuration corresponding to the encoding method according to the present embodiment, it is efficiently encoded with a small number of bits.
- the sound signal can be decoded and a good sound signal can be output.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of extension band gain code key section 301 in the code key apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the extended band gain code unit 301 has the same basic configuration as the extended band gain encoding unit 206 shown in the second embodiment, and the same components are assigned the same reference numerals. The description is omitted.
- the feature of this embodiment is that the order of the gain quantized value candidate G (j) included in the gain codebook is 1, that is, a scalar value, and gain interpolation uses a reference amplitude value given from the input terminal. This is because it is performed between the reference gain obtained based on the basis and the gain quantization value candidate G (j). According to this configuration, since the number of gains to be quantized is reduced to 1, an effect of enabling a low bit rate error is obtained.
- the reference gain calculation unit 303 is supplied with the reference subband amplitude value in the lowest band among the reference amplitude value input from the input terminal 302 and the subband amplitude value calculated by the subband amplitude calculation unit 212.
- the reference gain calculation unit 303 determines the reference gain so that the assumption that the reference amplitude value and the lowest band subband amplitude value are satisfied. If the reference amplitude value is Ab and the lowest subband amplitude value is AE (O), the reference gain g b is expressed as (Equation 14).
- the extended band gain decoding unit 350 has the same basic configuration as the extended band gain decoding unit 256 (see FIG. 25) shown in Embodiment 2, and the same components The same reference numerals are attached and the description thereof is omitted.
- a reference amplitude value Ab is given from the input terminal 351, and a subband amplitude value AE (O) of the lowest subband in the estimated spectrum of the extension band is given from the input terminal 352.
- the reference amplitude value includes the vector force included in the band adjacent to the extension band.
- the reference gain calculation unit 353 assumes that the reference amplitude value and the lowest subband amplitude value match. The reference gain is determined so that
- the number of gains to be quantized is reduced to 1, and a further low bit rate error is possible.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of extension band gain encoding section 4001 in the encoding apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the extended band gain code unit 401 has the same basic configuration as the extended band gain encoding unit 206 shown in the second embodiment, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. The description is omitted.
- the feature of the present embodiment is that the subband having the most characteristic (for example, the maximum value or the minimum value of the gain) of the subbands included in the extension band is necessarily the target of the gain codebook search.
- the point is to include. According to this configuration, since the subband most affected by the gain can be included in the search target of the gain codebook, the effect of improving the quality can be obtained. However, in this configuration, it is necessary to code additional information indicating which subband has been selected.
- the subband determination unit 402 uses the subband amplitude value AE (n) of the estimated spectrum E (k) obtained by the subband amplitude calculation unit 212 and the second scan obtained by the subband amplitude calculation unit 218.
- the ideal gain value go pt (n) is calculated according to (Equation 15) using the subband amplitude value AS2 (n) of the petal S2 (k).
- the subband having the maximum (or minimum) ideal gain gopt (n) is obtained, and the subband number is output from the output terminal.
- extension band gain decoding section 450 in the decoding apparatus for decoding the signal encoded by the encoding apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described using FIG.
- the extended band gain decoding unit 450 has the same basic configuration as the extended band gain decoding unit 256 shown in the second embodiment, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. The description is omitted.
- the code encoding performance can be further improved. it can.
- the spectral coding apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to Embodiments 1 to 4 above, and can be implemented with various modifications.
- the coding apparatus and decoding apparatus according to the present invention can be mounted on a communication terminal apparatus and a base station apparatus in a mobile communication system, and thereby have the same operational effects as described above.
- a communication terminal device and a base station device can be provided.
- the present invention can be implemented with software.
- the encoding method and the decoding method according to the present invention are described in a programming language, the program is stored in a memory, and is then executed by an information processing means, so that the coding according to the present invention is performed. Functions similar to those of the key device and the decoding key device can be realized.
- each functional block used in the description of each of the above embodiments is typically realized as an LSI that is an integrated circuit. These may be individually made into one chip, or may be made into one chip so as to include some or all of them.
- the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI's, and implementation using dedicated circuitry or general-purpose processors is also possible.
- FPGA Field that can be programmed after LSI manufacturing
- the encoding device, the decoding device, and these methods according to the present invention can be applied to applications such as a communication terminal device in a mobile communication system.
Abstract
Description
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JP2006513605A JP5013863B2 (ja) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-17 | 符号化装置、復号化装置、通信端末装置、基地局装置、符号化方法及び復号化方法 |
DE602005006551T DE602005006551D1 (de) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-17 | Kodierungs-, dekodierungsvorrichtung und methode dafür |
EP05744114A EP1742202B1 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-17 | Encoding device, decoding device, and method thereof |
CN2005800158368A CN1954363B (zh) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-17 | 编码装置和编码方法 |
US11/596,254 US8463602B2 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-17 | Encoding device, decoding device, and method thereof |
BRPI0510400-9A BRPI0510400A (pt) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-17 | dispositivo de codificação, dispositivo de decodificação e método dos mesmos |
EP16186271.9A EP3118849B1 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-17 | Encoding device, decoding device, and method thereof |
US13/889,983 US8688440B2 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2013-05-08 | Coding apparatus, decoding apparatus, coding method and decoding method |
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US13/889,983 Continuation US8688440B2 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2013-05-08 | Coding apparatus, decoding apparatus, coding method and decoding method |
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EP1742202A1 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
JP2011248378A (ja) | 2011-12-08 |
US8688440B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
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EP1742202B1 (en) | 2008-05-07 |
CN102280109A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
CN102280109B (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
JP5230782B2 (ja) | 2013-07-10 |
CN1954363B (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
BRPI0510400A (pt) | 2007-10-23 |
US20130246075A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
EP1742202A4 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
US8463602B2 (en) | 2013-06-11 |
JP5013863B2 (ja) | 2012-08-29 |
CN1954363A (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
DE602005006551D1 (de) | 2008-06-19 |
EP1939862A1 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
ATE394774T1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
US20080262835A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
EP3118849A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP3118849B1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
EP1939862B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
KR20070012832A (ko) | 2007-01-29 |
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