WO2005111583A1 - 近赤外線分光法による野菜等の成分の非破壊検査法、及び同装置 - Google Patents
近赤外線分光法による野菜等の成分の非破壊検査法、及び同装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005111583A1 WO2005111583A1 PCT/JP2005/008933 JP2005008933W WO2005111583A1 WO 2005111583 A1 WO2005111583 A1 WO 2005111583A1 JP 2005008933 W JP2005008933 W JP 2005008933W WO 2005111583 A1 WO2005111583 A1 WO 2005111583A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- measurement
- wavelength
- vegetables
- nondestructive inspection
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 100
- 238000004497 NIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 claims 4
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 56
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000012628 principal component regression Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000000491 multivariate analysis Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- -1 nitrate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 244000221633 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010238 partial least squares regression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002790 cross-validation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101001078093 Homo sapiens Reticulocalbin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100025335 Reticulocalbin-1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 238000005251 capillar electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000007294 Brassica nipposinica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000342995 Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100114828 Drosophila melanogaster Orai gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000005718 Stomach Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010017758 gastric cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000005135 methemoglobinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011549 stomach cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/025—Fruits or vegetables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/129—Using chemometrical methods
- G01N2201/1293—Using chemometrical methods resolving multicomponent spectra
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nondestructive inspection method for components such as vegetables by near infrared spectroscopy, and an apparatus used for the inspection method.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be preferably used for nondestructive measurement of nitrate ion concentration in vegetables and the like.
- Vegetables are the main source of nitrate, and it is thought that in Japan today, 1000-3000mgZ weekly nitrate is consumed through vegetables. It has been pointed out that ingestion of a large amount of nitrate may cause methemoglobinemia or produce a carcinogenic substance-torso compound, which is harmful to the human body, such as increasing the risk of gastric cancer. I have. against this background, there is increasing consumer interest in the effects of nitrates in vegetables on health, and international efforts have already been made on this issue.
- the destructive measurement method generally requires preprocessing to destroy the object to be measured and extract the substance to be inspected. Therefore, measurement time is required. In addition, the procedure of the pretreatment is complicated and requires skill. These techniques include ion chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and CATAL The DO method, a method using a reflection type photometer RQ Flex, and the like can be given.
- the CATALDO method measures nitric acid concentration by extracting nitric acid from fresh leaves, coloring it red with a chemical, and quantifying the red color with a spectrometer.
- the CATALDO method can be measured if there is a reagent and a spectrometer, and the measurement accuracy is high and the cost is low. Real-time measurement is still difficult.
- the reflection type photometer RQ Flex is a technique similar to the CATALDO method.
- a mid-infrared measurement method has been proposed as a nondestructive method for measuring nitric acid concentration (see Non-Patent Document 1 below). Specifically, this method measures nitrate concentration by measuring the absorbance of mid-infrared light on the surface of fresh tomato leaves.
- This mid-infrared measurement method uses wavelengths above 2500 nm and uses only one wavelength to measure the concentration of one substance. For this reason, there is a problem that a measurement disturbance caused by a field measurement having a small amount of information as compared with the near infrared spectroscopy increases.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for obtaining subject force information using visible and near-infrared rays, specifically, a method for determining a group to which an unknown subject belongs, a method for identifying an unknown subject, and a method for identifying a subject.
- a method for monitoring aging in real time is disclosed.
- No specific method for measuring nitrate ion concentration in vegetables is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method and an apparatus for analyzing a liquid sample using near-infrared spectroscopy.
- this method since a liquid sample is to be analyzed, when measuring the nitrate ion concentration in vegetables, it is necessary to prepare an extract by crushing and extracting vegetable leaves and the like as pretreatment. That is, this method is also positioned as the destructive measurement method described above.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Koji Kameoka, Atsushi Hashimoto, Kenichi Nakanishi, Mid-infrared State Sensing, “Comprehensive Research on Development of Fundamental Technologies for Establishing Future-Type Light-Working Agricultural Technology” Research Results Phase III, Central Agricultural Research Center, pp. 14-15, 2003 Patent Document 1: JP 2002 — Issue 5827
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-2002-122538
- the conventional method for determining nitrate ion in vegetables uses the CATALDO method, RQ Flex and other methods even if the method is used! This is a method for measuring the amount of nitrate ions contained therein. These methods are not suitable for processing many samples due to the time and labor required for sample processing. Furthermore, since the sample is crushed and extracted, it is impossible to measure the amount of nitrate ions in the growing vegetables in real time.
- the present invention provides a method for determining the concentration of nitrate ions in vegetables quantitatively or qualitatively, nondestructively, accurately and quickly using near infrared spectroscopy that solves the above problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new method and device for measuring.
- nitrate ion concentration not only the nitrate ion concentration, but also near-infrared spectroscopy, (1) a method and an apparatus for analyzing other components (vitamins, sugars, minerals, etc.) in vegetables, and (2) It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for analyzing various components contained in foods such as fruits and meats other than vegetables using near infrared spectroscopy.
- the present inventor has conducted intensive studies in view of the above problems, and as a result, for vegetables such as spinach and lettuce, these fresh leaves are directly measured, and non-destructive nitrate ion concentration in the vegetables by near infrared spectroscopy. The measurement was successfully performed with high accuracy and speed, and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention encompasses the following industrially useful inventions A) to Q).
- food such as vegetables, fruits or meat
- detecting the reflected light, transmitted light or transmitted reflected light to obtain absorbance spectrum data
- the absorbance of all measured wavelengths or specific wavelengths is created in advance.
- a nondestructive inspection method characterized by quantitatively or qualitatively analyzing the components of the food by substituting it into the measured model.
- the measurement model consists of (1) a data matrix that stores the absorption spectra of all wavelengths obtained by detection, decomposed into scores and loadings by singular value decomposition, and summarizes changes in the concentration of the target component. And (2) applying a multiple regression analysis with the explanatory variable as a score and the objective variable as the concentration of the objective component to create a multiple regression equation.
- a light emitting means for irradiating food such as a vegetable, fruit or meat, to be inspected with light having a wavelength in the range of 400 nm to 2500 nm or a part thereof;
- a spectroscopic unit that splits light before or after light emission, and a detection unit that detects reflected light, transmitted light, or transmitted reflected light of light applied to vegetables
- Data analysis means for quantitatively or qualitatively analyzing the components in the food by substituting the absorbance at all measured wavelengths or a specific wavelength in the absorbance spectrum data obtained by the detection into a measurement model created in advance.
- a nondestructive inspection device characterized by comprising:
- the nondestructive inspection device according to I), further comprising a display means for displaying a result of the component analysis.
- the measurement model consists of (1) a data matrix that stores the absorption spectra of all wavelengths obtained by detection, decomposed into scores and loadings by singular value decomposition, and summarizes the changes in the concentration of the target component. And (2) applying a multiple regression analysis with the explanatory variable as a score and the objective variable as the concentration of the objective component to create a multiple regression equation.
- the non-destructive inspection device according to any one of the above-mentioned items 1 to 3, wherein the concentration of the target component is measured from the absorbance spectrum data of all measured wavelengths or specific wavelengths using a measurement model.
- the nondestructive inspection method and the nondestructive inspection device of the present invention have the following features and advantages.
- the non-destructive state allows quantitative analysis of nitrate ion concentration of vegetables and other components in vegetables. And qualitative analysis.
- the device configuration can be simplified so that it can be carried, and the operation can be simplified so that a producer or the like can easily handle it. Further, cost reduction can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating two spectroscopic methods, pre-spectroscopy and post-spectroscopy, that can be employed in the above-described apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating three detection methods, reflected light detection, transmitted reflected light detection, and transmitted light detection, which can be employed in the above device.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the absorption characteristics of water.
- FIG. 5 is a graph summarizing the results of analysis of spinach, showing the measured nitric acid concentration (horizontal axis) The constant value (vertical axis) is shown in comparison.
- FIG. 6 is a graph summarizing the analysis results of spinach II, showing the total partial regression coefficients of a multiple regression equation created as a quantitative model.
- the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength, and the vertical axis indicates the value of the coefficient.
- FIG. 7 is a graph summarizing the results of analysis of spinach and lettuce, showing a comparison between a measured nitric acid concentration (horizontal axis) and an estimated value (vertical axis).
- FIG. 8 is a graph summarizing the analysis results of spinach and lettuce, showing the total partial regression coefficient of a multiple regression equation created as a quantitative model.
- the horizontal axis shows the wavelength and the vertical axis shows the value of the coefficient.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an outline of a procedure for calculating a nitrate ion concentration in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a calibration curve creation procedure in an example of the present invention.
- FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b) are diagrams for explaining a three-dimensional feature space and directions of principal components in a multivariate analysis.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating loading and scores in a multivariate analysis.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a method for measuring an absorbance spectrum in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing a comparison between an estimated value and a measured value of a regression equation obtained using only the first data of “2 types integration 0,90 ° integration” in the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing a comparison between an estimated value and a measured value of a regression equation obtained using only the first data of “two types integration, 90 degrees integration” in the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 shows a regression equation obtained by using only the first data of “2 types integration 0,90 ° integration” in the embodiment of the present invention, and shows a case where the absorbance at each wavelength is an explanatory variable.
- 6 is a graph showing a regression coefficient.
- this apparatus an apparatus for non-destructively measuring nitrate ion concentration in vegetables (hereinafter, referred to as “this apparatus”) will be described with reference to the drawings. I do.
- the measuring principle of this apparatus adopts the method of the present invention, that is, (a) wavelength 400 ⁇ ! Irradiate the vegetable to be inspected with light having a wavelength in the range of 2500 nm or a part thereof, and (b) detecting the reflected light, transmitted light or transmitted / reflected light to obtain absorbance spectrum data, and (c) The components (the nitrate ion concentration in this device) in the vegetables are quantitatively or qualitatively analyzed by substituting the absorbance at all wavelengths or specific wavelengths in the measurement into a measurement model created in advance.
- the first feature of the present apparatus is that the vegetables to be measured are measured in a non-destructive manner, and direct light (visible light and Z or near (Infrared ray).
- the range of wavelength for irradiating vegetables is 400 ⁇ ! 2,500 nm or a part thereof (for example, 600-2500 nm).
- This range of wavelengths can be set as one or a plurality of wavelength ranges including the wavelength light necessary for calculating the nitrate ion concentration after the measurement model is created.
- the measurement wavelength range was set to a range of 600 to LOOO nm, and the nitrate ion concentration was successfully measured.
- the light source is a power capable of using a halogen lamp or the like, and is not particularly limited.
- the light which also has a light source power, is applied to the vegetables directly or via a light emitting means such as a fiber probe.
- a pre-spectroscopy method in which spectroscopy is performed before irradiating vegetables or a post-spectroscopy method in which spectroscopy is performed after irradiation may be employed (see FIG. 2).
- the pre-spectroscopy method there are a method in which the light of the light source power is simultaneously separated by the prism at a time, and a method in which the wavelength is continuously changed by changing the slit interval of the diffraction grating.
- vegetables are irradiated with continuous wavelength light having a continuously changed wavelength by decomposing light from a light source with a predetermined wavelength width.
- light having a wavelength in the range of 400 to 2500 nm is decomposed with a wavelength resolution of 2 nm, and the vegetables are irradiated with light whose wavelength is continuously changed in steps of 2 nm.
- the reflected light, transmitted light or transmitted reflected light of the light applied to the vegetables is detected by the detector, and raw absorbance spectrum data is obtained.
- the raw absorbance spectrum data may be used directly to calculate the nitrate ion concentration, but data conversion processing such as decomposing the peaks in the obtained spectrum into elemental peaks using spectroscopic or multivariate analysis techniques And calculate the nitrate ion concentration using the converted absorbance spectrum data.
- the spectroscopic method include second derivative processing and Fourier transform
- examples of the multivariate analysis method include a weblet transform and a neural network method, but are not particularly limited.
- PLS Principal component Regression
- a change in the absorbance of water molecules in the vegetables is examined by applying perturbation. That is, the spectrum measurement of the sample specimen is performed by giving a perturbation of multiple measurements by repeatedly irradiating light or changing the optical path length.
- the “perturbation” means that a plurality of types of conditions are set and measured for a certain condition, thereby causing a change in the absorbance of the sample, and acquiring a plurality of different spectral data. Conditions include repeated irradiation of light, extension of irradiation time, addition of electromagnetic force, change of optical path length, change of optical path, temperature, pressure, mechanical vibration, and other physical or chemical changes due to changes in such conditions.
- the repetitive irradiation of light is a method in which the light is repeatedly irradiated continuously or at regular time intervals to perform a plurality of measurements and a perturbation to perform a spectrum measurement of a sample specimen. For example, by continuously irradiating light three times, the absorbance of the sample changes slightly (fluctuation), and a plurality of different spectral data can be obtained. By using these spectral data for multivariate analysis such as the PCR method, the analysis accuracy can be improved, and highly accurate concentration measurement can be performed.
- the graph power of a spectrum is also directly determined by performing a multivariate analysis by performing a spectroscopic analysis by measuring a change in a response of a predetermined water molecule that shifts according to each component of a sample while giving a perturbation, and thereby performing a direct analysis. If this is not possible, changes in response can be captured, and those that are difficult to determine by conventional methods can be determined, component characteristics can be measured with high accuracy, and ultra-low concentration components can be detected.
- a highly accurate model capable of measuring characteristics in real time can be obtained in real time (see International Application No. PCTZJP2004Z16680).
- the present apparatus has a configuration in which a vegetable to be inspected is repeatedly irradiated with continuous light three times to give a perturbation to observe the movement of water molecules. Repeated irradiation of light three times as a perturbation causes different changes in water absorption in the first, second, and third times, respectively. Repeated light irradiation does not necessarily increase accuracy if the number of times is large. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that three times were preferable for measuring the nitrate ion concentration of vegetables.
- Preferable perturbation conditions differ depending on the type and composition of vegetables to be inspected, and preferable perturbation conditions also differ depending on other measurement conditions such as the optical configuration used for measurement and the measurement location. Therefore, it is preferable to set perturbation conditions and other measurement conditions suitable for the test according to the type and composition of the vegetables to be tested.
- the conditions of the perturbation are not limited to those described above, and the measurement may be performed by setting other suitable perturbation conditions.
- light is irradiated several times. The purpose is to obtain an average value, which is different from "perturbation".
- a plurality of measurement models may be created according to the type of vegetables to be measured, and different models may be used, or measurement models corresponding to a plurality of types of vegetables may be created. ,. Although this device is for measuring nitrate ion concentration, when measuring other components (vitamin, sugar, mineral, etc.) in vegetables, it is recommended to create a measurement model to be used for that component analysis. .
- the measurement model may be appropriately changed according to the required accuracy. For example, in the case of quantitative analysis to obtain high-accuracy concentration values in ppm, it is recommended to create a quantitative model. On the other hand, in the case of a qualitative analysis in which a threshold value is set for the concentration value and whether the concentration value is higher or lower, a qualitative model is created and used.
- the created measurement model is stored as a file, and each model is appropriately updated.
- the present apparatus may be configured to create a plurality of measurement models in this way and switch between two or more models according to a measurement target, a use, and the like. This configuration is preferable when this apparatus is a general-purpose machine. On the other hand, the configuration may be simplified as a dedicated machine.
- the present device is preferably selected from the group consisting of spinach (soil and hydroponic), salad spinach, lettuce, sunny lettuce, salad greens, spring chrysanthemum, tarzai, ching sai, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, komatsuna, and mizuna. Used for the analysis of one or several types of vegetables. It is said that these vegetables have a relatively high nitrate content. Of course, it may be used for component analysis of other vegetables.
- the configuration of the measurement system of the present apparatus includes four elements: a probe (light emitting unit) 1, a spectroscopic / detecting unit 2, a data analyzing unit 3, and a result displaying unit 4. Can be configured.
- a probe light emitting unit
- a spectroscopic / detecting unit 2 a spectroscopic / detecting unit 2
- a data analyzing unit 3 a data analyzing unit 3
- a result displaying unit 4 can be configured.
- each element will be described.
- the probe 1 has a function of guiding light from a light source such as a halogen lamp (a whole range of a wavelength of 400 nm to 2500 nm or a part of the range) to a vegetable to be measured.
- a light source such as a halogen lamp (a whole range of a wavelength of 400 nm to 2500 nm or a part of the range)
- a single fiber probe is used to project light to a measurement target (such as fresh leaves of vegetables) through a flexible optical fiber.
- a measurement target such as fresh leaves of vegetables
- near-infrared spectrometer probes can be manufactured at low cost. Low cost.
- the light emitted from the light source may be directly projected on the vegetables to be measured, but in this case, a probe is not required, and the light source functions as a light projecting unit.
- the wavelength light required for concentration measurement by the measurement model is determined.
- the present apparatus can have a simpler configuration by irradiating the sample with one or a plurality of wavelength ranges (for example, 600 to LOOO nm) determined in this way. Further, as described above, since the present apparatus performs spectrum measurement while applying a perturbation, it is preferable to appropriately include a configuration necessary for applying the perturbation.
- This apparatus has a configuration of a near-infrared spectrometer as a measurement system.
- a near-infrared spectroscope irradiates a measurement target with light, and detects reflected light, transmitted light, or transmitted reflected light from the target with a detection unit. Further, the absorbance of the detected light with respect to the incident light is measured for each wavelength.
- the spectral methods include pre-spectroscopy and post-spectroscopy (see Fig. 2). Pre-spectroscopy is performed before the light is projected onto the object to be measured. The post-spectroscopy detects and disperses the light of the object force.
- the spectroscopy / detection unit 2 of the present apparatus may adopt any one of a pre-spectroscopy method and a post-spectroscopy method.
- the spectroscopy / detection unit 2 of the present apparatus may employ a shift detection method of reflected light detection, transmitted light detection, and transmitted reflected light detection.
- the detector in the spectral / detection unit 2 is, for example, a CCD (Charge Coupled) which is a semiconductor element.
- the spectroscope can also be configured by known means.
- Absorbance for each wavelength is obtained from the spectral 'detection unit 2.
- the data analyzer 3 quantitatively determines the components (eg, nitrate ion concentration) in the vegetables to be inspected using the measurement model created in advance as described above. Measure or qualitatively evaluate the quality of the vegetables through component analysis. A different measurement model may be used depending on whether quantitative measurement or qualitative evaluation is performed.
- the absorbance spectrum has specific properties depending on the components in the vegetables to be tested. For example, there are several wavelengths at which the absorbance changes depending on the level of nitrate ion concentration in vegetables.
- the measurement model is created before measurement by multivariate analysis such as the principal component multiple regression method (for example, PLS regression method) as described above.
- the measurement model may be created according to the vegetable to be measured and according to the substance to be measured. For example, when measuring the nitrate ion concentration of lettuce, it is advisable to create a calibration curve of a quantitative model for that purpose. When measuring the nitrate ion concentration of spinach, it is advisable to separately prepare a calibration curve for a quantitative model.
- the data analysis unit 3 includes a storage unit that stores various data such as spectrum data, a multivariate analysis program, and a measurement model, and an arithmetic processing unit that performs arithmetic processing based on the data and the program. It can be realized by, for example, an IC chip. Therefore, it is easy to reduce the size of the apparatus in order to make the apparatus portable.
- the above measurement model is also written in a storage unit such as an IC chip.
- the result display unit 4 displays an analysis result in the data analysis unit 3. Specifically, the nitrate ion concentration in vegetables obtained as a result of calculation using the measurement model is displayed in ppm.
- a configuration may be adopted in which three levels of “low concentration”, “normal” and “high concentration” are displayed based on the calculation results. In other words, the display can be switched according to the measurement accuracy, quantitative and qualitative models.
- the result display section 4 is preferably a flat display such as a liquid crystal display.
- each element of the present apparatus be appropriately changed depending on the use mode, purpose, and the like. For example, when the producer performs measurement in an outdoor field, it is preferable to make the device as small as possible and provide a configuration in which natural light is shielded from entering the spectral detection unit 2. In addition, it is recommended that each element of this device be provided with an appropriate function according to each application, such as portable, installation, quantitative, qualitative, nitric acid concentration measurement, and other component measurement.
- a quantitative model is used for a strict measurement application up to the ppm unit, and a qualitative model is used for a measurement application above or below a threshold. Use the model.
- the accuracy is improved when the types are limited. As will be shown in the examples described later, it is possible to measure with higher accuracy by limiting to only one kind of force that can also measure with a single model with high accuracy for measurement of a plurality of kinds.
- a calibration curve for a quantitative model was prepared for lettuce and spinach.
- a calibration curve was used for cabbage, Chinese cabbage, bok choy, etc., which are considered to have a high nitrate ion concentration. It is possible to create
- the substance to be measured may be used to measure the concentration of each component such as vitamins, sugars, and minerals in vegetables in addition to nitrate.
- the inspection target is not limited to vegetables, and may be used for measuring various components contained in foods other than vegetables such as fruits and meat.
- a measurement model (calibration curve) be prepared in advance before measurement.
- the spectrum data is divided into two parts, one for the preparation of the calibration curve and the other for the measurement.
- the measurement may be performed using the measurement model obtained based on the above.
- a measurement model is created at the time of measurement. With this method, a model can be created without teacher data. It can support both quantitative and qualitative models.
- the destructive measurement method generally requires pretreatment to destroy the object to be measured and extract the substance to be detected. Therefore, measurement time is required. In addition, the procedure of the pretreatment is complicated and requires skill.
- non-contact and non-destructive Measurement is possible and real-time measurement is possible. Therefore, it is possible to measure nitrate ion concentration without giving stress to vegetables. There is no need for skill.
- the measurement accuracy is equivalent to the destructive measurement method, and it can be measured in ppm units.
- the configuration of the present apparatus can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.
- the mid-infrared measurement method is also a non-contact measurement method, but the difference from the near-infrared spectroscopy method is the number of wavelengths used and the influence of water that causes measurement disturbance.
- a wavelength of 2500 nm or more is used, and only one wavelength is used to measure the concentration of one substance.
- a plurality of wavelengths included from 400 nm to 2500 nm are used. This increases the amount of information. This makes it more resistant to measurement disturbances caused by field measurements and the like, and enables highly robust measurements.
- FIG. 4 shows an outline of the relationship between the wavelength and the absorbance of water.
- Mid-infrared rays have higher absorbance of water than near-infrared rays. For this reason, if there is a thick water film on the object to be measured, the absorption of water will be a disturbance, and accurate absorbance of the substance to be measured cannot be obtained! Effective wavelength is limited for avoiding water absorption band.
- the absorbance of water is not a disturbance because the absorbance of water itself is used. Therefore, the entire near-infrared band can be used for measurement.
- the mid-infrared probe is different in that it is expensive. Near-infrared measurement is less expensive.
- Example 2 the concentration was calculated by setting the measurement wavelength range to the range of 600 to 1000 nm.
- Figure 9 shows the outline of the procedure up to the concentration calculation.
- multivariate data is obtained by measuring the absorption spectrum.
- Vector data ⁇ below this can be obtained by substituting the equation of the calibration curve which had been sought Me beforehand after performing pretreatment described in [4. 2.2] nitrate ion concentration y as follows.
- the element of B (m rows X 1 column) is a partial regression coefficient applied to the absorbance corresponding to each wavelength.
- the procedure for obtaining equation (1) is the procedure for creating a measurement model (calibration curve).
- Fig. 10 shows the outline of the procedure for deriving the calibration curve equation used in Example 2. Hereinafter, description will be made in accordance with this procedure.
- the first step is to measure the absorption spectrum with a spectrometer.
- Each sample was irradiated with near-infrared light three times in a row to use perturbation. Therefore, three absorption spectra are obtained from the same sample. It is thought that the same spectrum can be obtained by irradiating the same sample with the same light. Force Actually, there is a change in absorbance at a specific wavelength.
- the stimulus that induces perturbation is not limited to light. There are many stimuli such as electricity (current and potential) and temperature.
- Measurement of the absorption spectrum gives multivariate data. That is, the matrix data X of n rows and m columns stored for the absorbance samples corresponding to the m wavelengths used in the wavelength range from 600 nm to 100 nm. This data is rarely used as is for multivariate analysis, and is generally pre-processed. For example, standardization conversion is performed for each wavelength (for each column), centering processing, first-order differentiation or second-order differentiation is performed to avoid the influence of baseline (zero point) shift. These pretreatments are appropriately selected depending on the properties of the object to be measured and the purpose of the measurement. This time, the centering process was performed. That is, the value obtained by subtracting the sample average from the sample value was used.
- PCR principal component regression analysis
- PLS Partial Least Squares
- the singular value decomposition of the multivariate data X is performed, and the data is decomposed into three matrices as shown in the following equation.
- T ( ⁇ row X m column) is called a score
- V (m row X m column) is called a loading. T indicates transposition.
- This operation is a common means of principal component analysis.
- Principal component analysis is a method for decomposing and summarizing the original multivariate data fluctuations into major components and clarifying the features.
- the spectrum data X is decomposed into major fluctuations related to nitrate ion concentration.
- Principal components are obtained for the number of columns of the multivariate data X.
- this corresponds to using only the absorbance of three wavelengths, and one point in the graph indicates the measured absorbance of one sample.
- the directions of the principal components are directions a, b, and c orthogonal to each other as shown in FIG.
- the range of fluctuation decreases in the order of a, b, and c. They are called the first principal component, the second principal component, and the third principal component in the order of representing large fluctuation.
- the original data fluctuation is decomposed into three components that are independent (orthogonal) to each other.
- the i-th column of V is a vector having the direction cosine of the i-th principal component as a component.
- the length of this vector (referred to as the direction cosine vector) is 1.
- the i-th column of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ stores scores for ⁇ samples of the i-th principal component!
- the first principal component score of the j-th sample of the ⁇ samples is shown in FIG.
- the score is the distance between the origin and the point where the perpendicular drawn on the principal axis of the sample crosses the principal axis. Since the length of vector a is 1, it can be obtained by the inner product of a and the position vector p of the j-th sample. it can. Therefore, it takes the maximum value when the directions of ⁇ and are equal.
- the target variable vector Y (the vector storing the nitrate ion concentration) is estimated using the following model.
- V has a property called the following orthonormality.
- I represents an identity matrix (a matrix with one diagonal element and zero other elements). Then, when V is applied to both sides of equation (2) from the right, the following equation is obtained.
- the element of B (m rows X 1 column) is a partial regression coefficient applied to the absorbance at each wavelength (for example, see FIG. 8). If B is determined, the spectrum data x (l row X m column) of the unknown sample is newly measured, and the pre-processing described in [4.2.2] is performed on this to obtain X.
- the nitrate ion concentration y can be obtained as follows.
- Perturbation has the role of adding directionality to the distribution of data. Generally break down and condition When the sample is measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, it is ideal with little disturbance. Therefore, the accuracy of Eq. (8) is improved without using any special method. However, when measuring the surface of a plant leaf or the spectral spectrum of a plant that is growing directly, as in this example, it is difficult to obtain a characteristic data distribution with many disturbances.
- Cross-nodulation The usage of only the first principal component (the first column of the score matrix) is analyzed for the first time. Up to the number of principal components targeted for analysis. did. Each time a principal component was added, the residual sum of squares was calculated, and the total number of principal components up to the principal component that minimized the residual sum of squares was used.
- Leave in out method Determines the principal component to be calculated, removes one line of the score data containing the principal component, sets it as a training set, and uses multiple regression with the score as an explanatory variable and the nitrate concentration as the target variable. Find the formula. By substituting the excluded one row, that is, the test set, into this regression equation, the residual square value of the measured value and the estimated value is obtained. The permutation of the training set and the test set is repeated for n rows, and the sum of n residual square values is obtained. Next, the main component to be calculated is increased by one, and a total of n residual square values is obtained by the same procedure. This operation is repeated until the maximum number of principal components (30 or n-2 at maximum) has been analyzed. As a result, the number of principal components when minimizing the residual sum of squares was adopted as the optimal number of principal components. [0071] [4. 2. 5] Creation of multiple regression equation
- the vector B obtained by the product of the loading matrix and the partial regression coefficient vector as shown in equation (7) is the regression vector that gives the estimated concentration value by the inner product of the absorbance vector of each wavelength as shown in equation (8). It was calculated and output.
- the nitrate ion concentration of spinach and lettuce was measured by the following measurement method.
- the absorption spectrum at 400 to 2500 nm was measured using a near-infrared spectrometer (product name “Foss-NIR Systems MR SYSTEMS 6500”).
- the wavelength resolution was 2 nm, and the reflected light was measured.
- the target varieties are spinach (soil cultivation (low nitrate concentration), hydroponic (high nitrate concentration)) and lettuce, and the measurement sites are the front and back surfaces of fresh leaves.
- the CATALDO method was used as a destructive measurement method for preparing a calibration curve (measurement model), and the PLS regression method was used as a calibration curve calculation method.
- Figures 5 and 6 summarize the analysis results for Spinach II (soil and hydroponic).
- Figure 5 shows a comparison between the measured values (horizontal axis) and the estimated values (vertical axis).
- Figure 6 is created as a quantitative model 2 shows the total partial regression coefficient of the multiple regression equation. The horizontal axis shows the wavelength, and the vertical axis shows the coefficient value
- the wavelengths used ranged from 782nm to 1978nm, with a wavelength resolution of 2nm. Therefore, the used wavelength number is 597.
- SEC Standard Error of Calibration
- SEV Standard Error of cross-Validation
- Each of them indicates the degree of deviation between the actually measured value and the estimated value. Factors indicates the number of principal components used.
- the measurement range based on this calibration curve was determined with a minimum nitric acid concentration of 118 (ppm) and a maximum concentration of 5346 ppm.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 summarize the analysis results when lettuce was added to spinach.
- FIG. 7 shows a comparison between the measured value (horizontal axis) and the estimated value (vertical axis).
- Figure 8 shows the total partial regression coefficient of the multiple regression equation created as a quantitative model.
- the horizontal axis shows the wavelength and the vertical axis shows the coefficient value.
- the wavelengths used ranged from 782nm to 1978nm, with a wavelength resolution of 2nm. Therefore, the number of wavelengths used is 597.
- the measurement range based on this calibration curve was determined with a minimum nitric acid concentration of 118 (ppm) and a maximum concentration of 5346 ppm.
- the measurement target is not a leaf unit but a stock unit.
- the near-infrared spectrometer was changed from stationary to portable, Measurements were assumed.
- the measurement wavelength range was narrowed from 600 to 100Onm, and changed to more practical measurement conditions.
- a post-spectroscopy type apparatus was used.
- Lenso II Spinacia oleracea L., cv. "Orai” Both were cultivated in Kobe University's Green House.
- Table 1 below shows the specifications of the near infrared spectrometer used in this example.
- the light emitting and light receiving probes used were specially made optical fiber probes.
- the light emitting part and the light receiving part can be moved independently.
- the light emitting probe was arranged at the center of the test plant as shown in the plan view. As shown in the side view, two cases were considered: the case where the light-receiving probe was placed parallel to the light-emitting probe (0 degree) and the case where it was arranged at a right angle (90 degrees). The probe is fixed with a mounting stay. In the case of 0 degree, the arrangement interval of the light emitting and receiving probes was fixed at 4 cm. This distance takes into account that it is necessary to maintain a certain distance so that the irradiation light does not directly enter the light receiving probe, and that the distance is set so that the diffused light reaches the light receiving probe. In the case of 90 degrees The height of the receiving probe was set to about half the height of the test plant.
- the distance from the light-receiving surface of both the light-emitting and light-receiving probes to the plant is such that it almost touches the test plant, and is 0 mm.
- the mounting stay can be adjusted to position the probe to the plant.
- the measurement was performed in an artificial weather machine to minimize disturbance light.
- the lights in the room where the artificial weather device is grounded were turned off.
- the room had a window on the west side, and there was still dim light when the lights were turned off, but it turned out to be almost a dark room inside the artificial weather machine.
- the absorption spectrum was measured three times in succession at each measurement point.
- the measurement was performed by rotating the plant body every 90 degrees from 0 to 360 degrees in the plane. Therefore, the number of measurement points for one strain is 2 (position of the receiving probe 0 °, 90 °)
- X 3 due to perturbation
- X 4 rotation in horizontal plane
- the number of strains to be measured is 4 for both lettuce and spinach.
- the light receiving probe was placed at 0 and 90 degrees with respect to the light emitting probe.
- the absorption spectra obtained in each case were treated separately.
- the absorption spectra used are divided into five power categories. That is, when all the data of the three times are used, when the average value of the absorbance spectra for the three times is used, when only the first absorbance spectrum is used, when only the second time spectrum is used, and when the third time is used. This is the case where only the spectrum is used. Table 2 shows the results of the analysis.
- Table 3 shows the results when the probe angle was used as a single data set without discrimination.
- the contribution rate was maximized in the case of the average of three times.
- the contribution ratio was larger than the average of three times.
- the contribution was smaller than when only the third data was used.
- the more versatile regression equation can be said to be a regression equation obtained using data that does not distinguish between the type and the angle of the probe. It is. In this case, the contribution of the regression equation obtained when only the first data was used was the highest, at 0.836479. This regression equation was 1% significant. From this, it can be concluded that this regression equation is most effective for estimating nitrate ion concentration at this stage. Therefore, the comparison between the estimated values of the regression equation obtained using the data using only the first absorption spectrum shown in Table 3 and the measured values obtained by the conventional method (Cartard method) is shown in Figs. It is shown in
- Figs. 14 and 15 show the case where the probe angle is not distinguished, and the actual measurement value and the estimation value when only the first data of "2 types integration 0,90 degrees integration" are used. This is the result of comparison.
- the error bar shown in Fig. 14 is the 95% prediction interval of the estimated value.
- the contribution rate of the PCR-based estimation formula was 0.836479, and the width of the rather low power error bar was narrow, with a statistical significance of 1%.
- Fig. 15 shows a deviation of about 100 ppm from the value obtained by the conventional method. In this case, the measurement range of the nitrate ion concentration was 245 ppm to 878 ppm.
- FIG. 16 shows each element value of the partial regression coefficient vector B of the regression equation derived from the result of FIG. Coefficients with large absolute values are seen at various wavelengths. The absorbance at that wavelength is effective for estimating nitrate ion concentration.
- the present invention relates to a non-destructive inspection method for components such as vegetables by near-infrared spectroscopy, and to the same apparatus, and to control food quality in each process of production, distribution, sale, and consumption.
- it has various industrial usefulness as described above.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006513599A JP4749330B2 (ja) | 2004-05-17 | 2005-05-17 | 近赤外線分光法による野菜等の成分の非破壊検査法、及び同装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-145828 | 2004-05-17 | ||
JP2004145828 | 2004-05-17 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005111583A1 true WO2005111583A1 (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
Family
ID=35394271
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/008933 WO2005111583A1 (ja) | 2004-05-17 | 2005-05-17 | 近赤外線分光法による野菜等の成分の非破壊検査法、及び同装置 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4749330B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005111583A1 (ja) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007129648A1 (ja) * | 2006-05-02 | 2007-11-15 | Yamaguchi University | 植物葉の水分ストレスを推定する方法、植物葉の水分ストレスを推定するための装置及び植物葉の水分ストレスを推定するためのプログラム |
WO2008035218A2 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Detection of nitrates from tobacco for correlation with the amount of tobacco-specific nitrosamines within the tobacco |
JP2010210355A (ja) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-24 | Kobe Univ | 近赤外線分光法を用いた野菜等の成分の非破壊計測法および非破壊計測装置 |
CN101900677A (zh) * | 2010-07-05 | 2010-12-01 | 浙江大学 | 一种油菜叶片缬氨酸含量快速检测方法 |
CN101900678A (zh) * | 2010-07-05 | 2010-12-01 | 浙江大学 | 一种油菜叶片亮氨酸含量快速检测方法 |
JP2011092613A (ja) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-12 | Hog Japan:Kk | 血中グルコース濃度情報の取得方法 |
JP2011174798A (ja) * | 2010-02-24 | 2011-09-08 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | スペクトラム分析装置及びスペクトラム分析方法 |
KR101158474B1 (ko) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-06-20 | 한국식품연구원 | 근적외선을 이용한 소금내 불용성분 분석방법 |
JP2012242270A (ja) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-12-10 | Seiko Epson Corp | 特徴量推定装置およびその方法、分光画像処理装置およびその方法、並びにコンピュータープログラム |
JP2013036973A (ja) * | 2011-07-12 | 2013-02-21 | Seiko Epson Corp | 検量線作成方法およびその装置、並びに目的成分検量装置 |
WO2015174073A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 食品分析装置 |
JP2016080680A (ja) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-05-16 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 信号検出方法、検量線作成方法、定量方法、信号検出装置、および計測装置 |
JP2016183931A (ja) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-10-20 | コイト電工株式会社 | 植物栽培装置 |
WO2017123701A1 (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-20 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Portable spectrograph for high-speed phenotyping and plant health assessment |
JP2019101040A (ja) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-24 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 硝酸イオン濃度非破壊計測方法、硝酸イオン濃度非破壊計測装置、及び硝酸イオン濃度非破壊計測プログラム |
JP2019190865A (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-31 | アンリツインフィビス株式会社 | 異物検出装置および異物検出方法 |
JP2020176951A (ja) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-10-29 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子機器およびその制御方法 |
WO2021187503A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-18 | 2021-09-23 | 国立大学法人 神戸大学 | 近赤外分光法による汚染検査方法及び検出装置 |
CN114813627A (zh) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-29 | 广东省农业科学院环境园艺研究所 | 一种基于近红外光谱的金钗石斛甘露糖含量检测方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5604763B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-03 | 2014-10-15 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | 透過型近赤外線分光計測装置および透過型近赤外線分光計測方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10512667A (ja) * | 1994-12-13 | 1998-12-02 | エクソン リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニー | 非線形多変量赤外解析法 |
JP2002005827A (ja) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-09 | Kanazawa Kazuki | 被検体の情報を得る方法 |
JP2002122538A (ja) * | 2000-10-17 | 2002-04-26 | National Food Research Institute | 近赤外分光法を用いた液状試料の分析法および分析装置 |
JP2003114191A (ja) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-18 | Nagasaki Prefecture | 青果物の非破壊糖度測定方法及び装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005005827A (ja) * | 2003-06-10 | 2005-01-06 | Nec Corp | 位置情報配信システム、位置情報配信装置及び位置情報配信方法 |
WO2005050176A1 (ja) * | 2003-11-10 | 2005-06-02 | Zaidanhozin Sinsangyosozokenkyukiko | 可視光・近赤外分光分析方法及びその装置 |
-
2005
- 2005-05-17 WO PCT/JP2005/008933 patent/WO2005111583A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2005-05-17 JP JP2006513599A patent/JP4749330B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10512667A (ja) * | 1994-12-13 | 1998-12-02 | エクソン リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニー | 非線形多変量赤外解析法 |
JP2002005827A (ja) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-09 | Kanazawa Kazuki | 被検体の情報を得る方法 |
JP2002122538A (ja) * | 2000-10-17 | 2002-04-26 | National Food Research Institute | 近赤外分光法を用いた液状試料の分析法および分析装置 |
JP2003114191A (ja) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-18 | Nagasaki Prefecture | 青果物の非破壊糖度測定方法及び装置 |
Cited By (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007129648A1 (ja) * | 2006-05-02 | 2007-11-15 | Yamaguchi University | 植物葉の水分ストレスを推定する方法、植物葉の水分ストレスを推定するための装置及び植物葉の水分ストレスを推定するためのプログラム |
JP5258044B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-02 | 2013-08-07 | 国立大学法人山口大学 | 植物葉の水分ストレスを推定する方法、植物葉の水分ストレスを推定するための装置及び植物葉の水分ストレスを推定するためのプログラム |
WO2008035218A2 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Detection of nitrates from tobacco for correlation with the amount of tobacco-specific nitrosamines within the tobacco |
WO2008035218A3 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-07-24 | Philip Morris Prod | Detection of nitrates from tobacco for correlation with the amount of tobacco-specific nitrosamines within the tobacco |
US7538324B2 (en) | 2006-09-21 | 2009-05-26 | Philip Morris Usa Inc. | Detection of nitrates from tobacco for correlation with the amount of tobacco-specific nitrosamines within the tobacco |
JP2010210355A (ja) * | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-24 | Kobe Univ | 近赤外線分光法を用いた野菜等の成分の非破壊計測法および非破壊計測装置 |
JP2011092613A (ja) * | 2009-11-02 | 2011-05-12 | Hog Japan:Kk | 血中グルコース濃度情報の取得方法 |
JP2011174798A (ja) * | 2010-02-24 | 2011-09-08 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | スペクトラム分析装置及びスペクトラム分析方法 |
CN101900678A (zh) * | 2010-07-05 | 2010-12-01 | 浙江大学 | 一种油菜叶片亮氨酸含量快速检测方法 |
CN101900677B (zh) * | 2010-07-05 | 2012-05-23 | 浙江大学 | 一种油菜叶片缬氨酸含量快速检测方法 |
CN101900678B (zh) * | 2010-07-05 | 2012-05-23 | 浙江大学 | 一种油菜叶片亮氨酸含量快速检测方法 |
CN101900677A (zh) * | 2010-07-05 | 2010-12-01 | 浙江大学 | 一种油菜叶片缬氨酸含量快速检测方法 |
KR101158474B1 (ko) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-06-20 | 한국식품연구원 | 근적외선을 이용한 소금내 불용성분 분석방법 |
JP2012242270A (ja) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-12-10 | Seiko Epson Corp | 特徴量推定装置およびその方法、分光画像処理装置およびその方法、並びにコンピュータープログラム |
US9041928B2 (en) | 2011-05-20 | 2015-05-26 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Feature value estimation device and corresponding method, and spectral image processing device and corresponding method |
JP2013036973A (ja) * | 2011-07-12 | 2013-02-21 | Seiko Epson Corp | 検量線作成方法およびその装置、並びに目的成分検量装置 |
JP2015215273A (ja) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-12-03 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 食品分析装置 |
WO2015174073A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-13 | 2015-11-19 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 食品分析装置 |
JP2016080680A (ja) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-05-16 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 信号検出方法、検量線作成方法、定量方法、信号検出装置、および計測装置 |
JP2016183931A (ja) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-10-20 | コイト電工株式会社 | 植物栽培装置 |
US11493385B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 | 2022-11-08 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Incorporated | Portable spectrograph for high-speed phenotyping and plant health assessment |
WO2017123701A1 (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-07-20 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Portable spectrograph for high-speed phenotyping and plant health assessment |
JP2019101040A (ja) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-06-24 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 硝酸イオン濃度非破壊計測方法、硝酸イオン濃度非破壊計測装置、及び硝酸イオン濃度非破壊計測プログラム |
JP7169643B2 (ja) | 2017-12-07 | 2022-11-11 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | 硝酸イオン濃度非破壊計測方法、硝酸イオン濃度非破壊計測装置、及び硝酸イオン濃度非破壊計測プログラム |
JP2019190865A (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-31 | アンリツインフィビス株式会社 | 異物検出装置および異物検出方法 |
JP7029343B2 (ja) | 2018-04-19 | 2022-03-03 | アンリツ株式会社 | 異物検出装置および異物検出方法 |
JP2020176951A (ja) * | 2019-04-19 | 2020-10-29 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子機器およびその制御方法 |
JP7271286B2 (ja) | 2019-04-19 | 2023-05-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子機器およびその制御方法 |
WO2021187503A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-18 | 2021-09-23 | 国立大学法人 神戸大学 | 近赤外分光法による汚染検査方法及び検出装置 |
CN114813627A (zh) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-29 | 广东省农业科学院环境园艺研究所 | 一种基于近红外光谱的金钗石斛甘露糖含量检测方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2005111583A1 (ja) | 2008-03-27 |
JP4749330B2 (ja) | 2011-08-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2005111583A1 (ja) | 近赤外線分光法による野菜等の成分の非破壊検査法、及び同装置 | |
Cao et al. | Soluble solids content and pH prediction and varieties discrimination of grapes based on visible–near infrared spectroscopy | |
Gallardo-Velázquez et al. | Application of FTIR-HATR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis to the quantification of adulterants in Mexican honeys | |
Shao et al. | Visible/near infrared spectrometric technique for nondestructive assessment of tomato ‘Heatwave’(Lycopersicum esculentum) quality characteristics | |
Gok et al. | Differentiation of Anatolian honey samples from different botanical origins by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy using multivariate analysis | |
Cayuela | Vis/NIR soluble solids prediction in intact oranges (Citrus sinensis L.) cv. Valencia Late by reflectance | |
Li et al. | Pears characteristics (soluble solids content and firmness prediction, varieties) testing methods based on visible-near infrared hyperspectral imaging | |
Lu et al. | Quantitative measurements of binary amino acids mixtures in yellow foxtail millet by terahertz time domain spectroscopy | |
de Carvalho et al. | Rapid detection of whey in milk powder samples by spectrophotometric and multivariate calibration | |
Zhou et al. | Development and performance test of an in-situ soil total nitrogen-soil moisture detector based on near-infrared spectroscopy | |
Sithole et al. | Robust Vis-NIRS models for rapid assessment of soil organic carbon and nitrogen in Feralsols Haplic soils from different tillage management practices | |
Xiao et al. | Discrimination of organic and conventional rice by chemometric analysis of NIR spectra: a pilot study | |
Páscoa et al. | Exploratory study on vineyards soil mapping by visible/near-infrared spectroscopy of grapevine leaves | |
Martín-Tornero et al. | Comparative quantification of chlorophyll and polyphenol levels in grapevine leaves sampled from different geographical locations | |
Xu et al. | Factors influencing near infrared spectroscopy analysis of agro-products: a review | |
Comino et al. | Near-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence data fusion for olive leaf analysis and crop nutritional status determination | |
CN111157511A (zh) | 一种基于拉曼光谱技术的鸡蛋新鲜度无损检测方法 | |
Yang et al. | High-resolution and non-destructive evaluation of the spatial distribution of nitrate and its dynamics in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves by near-infrared hyperspectral imaging | |
Xu et al. | Nondestructive detection of internal flavor in ‘Shatian’pomelo fruit based on visible/near infrared spectroscopy | |
Başayiğit et al. | The prediction of iron contents in orchards using VNIR spectroscopy | |
Ferrara et al. | The prediction of ripening parameters in Primitivo wine grape cultivar using a portable NIR device | |
Munawar et al. | Fast and robust quality assessment of honeys using near infrared spectroscopy | |
CN106769927A (zh) | 一种黄芪药材的质量检测方法 | |
Jie et al. | Determination of Nitrogen Concentration in Fresh Pear Leaves by Visible/Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy | |
CN106124447A (zh) | 一种基于近红外光谱分析技术检测草莓中可溶性固形物含量的方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006513599 Country of ref document: JP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Country of ref document: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |