WO2005111270A1 - 酸素分圧制御装置及び酸素分圧制御用固体電解質の使用方法 - Google Patents
酸素分圧制御装置及び酸素分圧制御用固体電解質の使用方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005111270A1 WO2005111270A1 PCT/JP2005/009178 JP2005009178W WO2005111270A1 WO 2005111270 A1 WO2005111270 A1 WO 2005111270A1 JP 2005009178 W JP2005009178 W JP 2005009178W WO 2005111270 A1 WO2005111270 A1 WO 2005111270A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen
- solid electrolyte
- partial pressure
- oxygen partial
- heating furnace
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/32—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxygen partial pressure control device capable of supplying a gas whose oxygen partial pressure is controlled in the range of 0.2 to 10 -3 ° atm, and in particular, under the conditions of low material cost and low operation cost processing electrochemical oxygen partial pressure control device for the oxygen partial pressure can be controlled in the range of 0.2 ⁇ 10- 3Q atm such as atmospheric gas unit, as well as the solid electrolyte for a long life of the oxygen partial pressure control device It relates to the method of use.
- the inventor of the present invention has provided a conductance means and an exhaust speed variable means in the return path of the sample preparation apparatus as a mechanism for recycling waste gas, and a positive pressure between them.
- a conductance means and an exhaust speed variable means in the return path of the sample preparation apparatus as a mechanism for recycling waste gas, and a positive pressure between them.
- solid electrolyte materials such as strontium-doped 'lanthanum' manganate can also be used, and they have a cylinder structure such as a cam, and based on the oxygen partial pressure value from the sensor to prevent damage.
- an oxygen pump which produces atmosphere gas from high pressure to extremely low oxygen by feedback controlling the operation voltage and the like.
- a floating zone device in which a plurality of gas supply circuits are connected in parallel, and a mass flow controller is provided to make it possible to change the atmosphere over a wide range and cope with vapor pressure fluctuations.
- a mass flow controller is provided to make it possible to change the atmosphere over a wide range and cope with vapor pressure fluctuations.
- Patent Document 3 On the other hand, in an electrochemical oxygen sensor for monitoring the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, a method is known in which a voltage higher than a saturation voltage is applied to regenerate the oxygen sensor. (See Patent Document 4)
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-326887
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-500450
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-114589
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Published Patent Application No. 2003-510588
- the oxygen partial pressure is operated in an extremely low oxygen partial pressure region around 10 -3 Q atm, for example, with a circulation mechanism exemplified in the specification and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-42403. It is assumed that the system will become a system that includes an oxygen pump, and in addition to one tube for oxygen pump, two tubes for oxygen sensor for oxygen partial pressure control are required, and In addition to the cost of materials, the Zircouer tubes require heating furnaces for raising the operating temperature of the solid electrolyte, one for each of the tubes, which causes problems if equipment costs and operating costs increase. There is.
- the output of the oxygen sensor is also used in a normal oxygen pump operation.
- adoption of PID control type oxygen pumps for drive control is the first attempt by the present inventors, or the oxygen required for its operation. Since the partial pressure level is as wide as 0.2 to 10-3 Q atm and the control system shows a characteristic gain curve characteristic depending on the oxygen partial pressure, the conventional PID constant fixed PID controller is simply used as an oxygen pump. Incorporating alone has contributed to the increase in the operation cost, which is not sufficiently controlled. In addition, determining the gain curve characteristics according to the individual operating conditions was also a labor-intensive task.
- the recovery method of the solid electrolyte exemplified in the above-mentioned Patent Document 4 is merely for the purpose of coping with the performance deterioration of the oxygen sensor, and such a method is applied to the over-reduced oxygen bond. In this case, the service life will be further shortened, and it will not contribute to the reduction of equipment cost etc.
- the present inventors can improve both the configuration of the apparatus such as the oxygen pump and the operation method to solve the various problems described above and the operation method, and can realize high processing capacity and low cost performance at a practical operation level.
- the present invention is an invention specified by the following technical matters.
- air or pure oxygen is supplied to the inside of a heating furnace capable of heating and maintaining the operating temperature of the solid electrolyte, and at least one oxygen pump including a tubular solid electrolyte.
- At least two oxygen sensors including a tubular solid electrolyte are housed, and the at least one oxygen pump and the at least two oxygen sensors are parallel to each other so as to use the air or pure oxygen as an extra-tube purge gas of each solid electrolyte.
- a common process gas is flowably connected in the tubes of the respective solid electrolytes, and the oxygen pump is operated based on the partial pressures of oxygen detected by the two oxygen sensors.
- the oxygen partial pressure control device is electrically connected to oxygen pump operation control means for controlling movement.
- both ends of the solid electrolyte of the tubular structure of the oxygen pump are extended to the outside of the heating furnace, and both end surfaces of the tube protruding from the heating furnace are sealed in the pipe by sealing means.
- the oxygen partial pressure control device of the present invention (1) is further provided with a cooling means for cooling the sealing means.
- the oxygen sensor includes a porous electrode provided on the entire surface of the tube and a porous electrode provided in a band shape on the outer periphery of the tube, and the oxygen component is detected by detecting the potential difference generated between the both electrodes.
- the oxygen partial pressure control device according to any one of the present invention (1) or the present invention (2), characterized in that the pressure is measured.
- the oxygen pump operation control means is defined each time the PID constant is defined as a function of the oxygen partial pressure and the current value of the oxygen partial pressure is sampled from the oxygen sensor according to the function.
- the operation of the oxygen pump is PID-controlled based on the automatically adjusted PID constant after the adjustment.
- the oxygen partial pressure control device according to any one of the inventions.
- the heating furnace includes at least one cylindrical resistance heating element, which is disposed parallel to each other with respect to each of the solid electrolytes, and the number of the solid electrolyte and the resistance heating element thereof.
- the oxygen partial pressure control device according to any one of the present invention (1) to the present invention (4), characterized in that the number of specific forces is 1/2 to 6.
- each solid electrolyte when viewed in the axial direction of the resistance heating element and the solid electrolyte, the axis of each solid electrolyte is located at each vertex of the honeycomb structure centered on the axis of the resistance heating element.
- the oxygen partial pressure control device of the invention (5) is characterized in that it is arranged at equal intervals so as to stand.
- the present invention (7) comprises the steps of: raising a temperature of a calorific furnace including at least one solid electrolyte separating at least two spaces to an operating temperature of the solid electrolyte;
- the present invention (8) is characterized in that the average temperature rising rate in the temperature raising step is 3 to 6 ° C. Z minutes, and the average temperature decreasing rate in the temperature lowering step is 3 to 6 ° C. Z minutes. It is a usage method of the fixed electrolyte for oxygen partial pressure control of this invention (7).
- a second heating furnace containing a second oxygen pump containing a tubular solid electrolyte is used as a device configuration where a very low oxygen partial pressure is required as the oxygen partial pressure level of the processing gas. Furthermore, the solid electrolyte of the second oxygen pump is connected between the oxygen pump and the oxygen sensor, and is an inert gas whose oxygen partial pressure is controlled as an extra-tube purge gas.
- the oxygen partial pressure control device according to the invention (1) or the tubular structure of the oxygen pump according to the present invention (1) is a double pipe structure including an outer pipe and an inner pipe coaxial with the outer pipe.
- the treatment gas whose oxygen partial pressure has been reduced by the solid electrolyte in the outer tube is introduced into the space in the inner tube, and the oxygen partial pressure is further reduced by the solid electrolyte in the inner tube.
- the oxygen partial pressure control device of the present invention (1) It can be employed as the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing an outline of an oxygen partial pressure control device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing an electrode structure of an oxygen sensor according to the present invention and a seal structure of an end portion of a solid electrolyte.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of oxygen partial pressure behavior of a gas processed by the oxygen partial pressure control device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a layout when the oxygen pump according to the present invention is additionally provided.
- FIG. 5 PI according to oxygen partial pressure adopted in the oxygen partial pressure control device according to the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of the oxygen partial pressure fluctuation history observed when the PID constant is fixed in the oxygen partial pressure control device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows an outline of an oxygen partial pressure control device according to the present invention, in particular, a cross-sectional view of the device around a heating furnace.
- the left side of Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the side of the device as viewed in the axial direction of the solid electrolyte, while the right side is a cross-sectional view of the front of the device. Show the cut surface at.
- the solid electrolyte tubes 2 for the oxygen pump, the first oxygen sensor, and the second oxygen sensor are disposed in parallel at equal intervals with the flanges 3, and each of the fixed electrolytes Both ends of the tube are mounted projecting outside the furnace.
- FIG. 1 a configuration in which both ends are open to the atmosphere is adopted, but a sealed type can also be used.
- a purge gas introduction hole is provided at the center of the side of the flange, and a feed purge gas flow consisting of pure oxygen or air is introduced from the introduction hole to keep the external atmosphere of the solid electrolyte tube in the heating furnace 1 constant.
- the flow rate of the purge gas is preferably 2300 to 3400 sccm per 11 of the furnace volume.
- zircon2 represented by lxy (ln O) x (YO) y (0 x x 0 0.20, 0 0.20, 0.08 x x + y 0.20)
- Ln La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Nd, Gd, Yd, Y, Sc
- M Li, Na, K, Rb, Ca, Sr, Ba, or two or more thereof
- L Mg, Al, Ga, In, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, one or two or more types ⁇ or the general formula ⁇ La SrxGa Mg Al 2 O, where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ z ⁇
- an electrochemical oxygen pump comprising a solid electrolyte having such an oxide ion conductor may be used alone, it may be used, for example, in combination with a getter material to promote control of the oxygen partial pressure. It is also good.
- a tubular solid electrolyte made of a strong material is provided with a net-like electrode made of platinum or the like on its inner and outer peripheral surfaces, and a solid electrolyte can be obtained by flowing a DC power supply current through the electrode.
- the oxygen molecules contained in the gas in the tube are electrically reduced by the solid electrolyte, ionized into oxygen and incorporated into the solid electrolyte, and released as oxygen molecules from the outer surface of the solid electrolyte tube, and flowed out of the tube by the purge gas It is discharged out of the system.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the peripheral configuration of the solid electrolyte tube of the oxygen sensor.
- the air cooling system was adopted, other cooling means can also be adopted.
- platinum electrodes 4 and 5 provided on the inner and outer surfaces of the solid electrolyte tube 2 of the oxygen sensor operate as a solid electrolyte to eliminate the influence of temperature gradients in the high temperature portion of the zircon tube.
- platinum paste is applied to the entire surface and baking treatment is performed, and the entire inner surface is made the inner surface porous electrode 4 and platinum wire 6 is adhered.
- the reactor be drawn out to measure the potential difference with the platinum wire 6. This eliminates the need for calibration for each oxygen sensor, and the oxygen partial pressure can be calculated directly by the Nernst equation based on thermodynamics.
- Example 1 In this example, in particular, the solid electrolyte tube 2 of the oxygen pump, the solid electrolyte 2 of the first oxygen sensor, and the solid electrolyte 2 of the second oxygen sensor are placed on each vertex of an equilateral triangle. They were arranged in parallel so that the axes of the solid electrolyte tubes 2 coincide with one another. Since the flange 3 is an open type, the atmosphere in which the oxygen pump, the first oxygen sensor and the second oxygen sensor are installed becomes common.
- the argon gas whose oxygen partial pressure has been reduced is passed through the solid electrolyte pipe 2 of the oxygen pump and introduced into the solid electrolyte pipe 2 of the first oxygen sensor, and the oxygen partial pressure in the argon gas is calculated. It was measured.
- the electromotive force due to the concentration cell reaction caused by the oxygen partial pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the solid electrolyte tube 2 was used.
- the temporal change of oxygen partial pressure is shown in FIG. About 2 hours at 10- 26 show the degree atm, it showed stable 10- 3 ° oxygen partial pressure of atm after about 20 hours of operation. A small peak was observed around 18:00 in the elapsed time in Figure 3. The cause is unknown. Yes, not always reproduced.
- Example 2 Next, in order to meet the needs for mass production of oxygen partial pressure control gas, the design of integrating the heating furnace of the present invention is further promoted to form a solid electrolyte pipe in one heating furnace. A mode was implemented in which 2 was placed in plural.
- the solid electrolyte tube 2 and the resistance heating element 9 were arranged in parallel as shown in FIG. That is, the axis of each solid electrolyte 2 was disposed at each vertex of the cam structure centering on the axis of the cylindrical resistance heating element 9. As a result, the temperature unevenness of each solid electrolyte tube 2 can be suppressed to less than 1 ° C.
- each solid electrolyte pipe is any one of those described as the solid electrolyte 2 for the oxygen pump, and the solid electrolyte pipes for the first to second oxygen sensors and It is
- Example 3 in order to meet the oxygen partial pressure needs of a wide range of atmosphere gas in actual operation, 0.2 to 10 ⁇ 3 atm, the following PID control To achieve rapid control to the control target partial pressure, resulting in a reduction in operation costs.
- each constant is defined as a continuous function based on oxygen partial pressure.
- the PID constant in FIG. 5 is based on an apparatus configuration having a heating furnace internal volume of 0.031, a length of 200 mm x diameter 10 mm, and an operating temperature of 600-700 ° C. for the Zirkoia tube.
- FIG. 6 when the oxygen partial pressure was introduced pure argon gas to a fixed device with PID parameters for the optimization in 10- 2Q atm, after down to the oxygen partial pressure SlO- 1Q atm It shows oxygen partial pressure behavior.
- the oxygen partial pressure oscillates periodically and it takes a long time to obtain a stable oxygen partial pressure. This is significantly different from the behavior when the PID constant in FIG. 3 shown above is variable.
- Example 4 Considering the use under the severe environment where the oxygen partial pressure in the oxygen pump is ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Q atm and the temperature 600 ⁇ 700 ° C. It is desirable to reduce the temperature rising rate at the time of preparation and the temperature lowering rate at the end as far as the operation efficiency allows. Also, the inner surface of the solid electrolyte partially reduced by being used under a very low oxygen partial pressure for a long time It is desirable to take recovery measures.
- the average temperature rising rate and the average temperature falling rate are set to 3 to 6 ° C. Z minutes so that the temperature is gradually raised and lowered over 2 to 3 hours between the room temperature and the operating temperature 600 to 700 ° C.
- a step was introduced to flow pure oxygen or air of latm into the solid electrolyte such as the oxygen pump before the temperature is lowered.
- the present invention makes it possible to compactly store the solid electrolyte in one heating furnace by sharing the purge gas of the solid electrolyte between the oxygen pump and the oxygen sensor, thereby reducing the facility cost and operating cost.
- the present invention also provides a reduced oxygen partial pressure control device.
- the life of the solid electrolyte can be extended by adopting an operation method and a post-treatment step with small load on the solid electrolyte at the time of operation of the oxygen partial pressure control device, and maintenance cost can be reduced. It is intended to provide a method of using the reduced solid electrolyte for oxygen partial pressure control device.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE112005001168.2T DE112005001168B4 (de) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-19 | Sauerstoffpartialdruck-Regelvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Sauerstoffpartialdruck-Regelung |
US11/597,045 US8097138B2 (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-19 | Oxygen partial pressure control apparatuses and methods of using solid electrolytes for oxygen partial pressure control |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-149281 | 2004-05-19 | ||
JP2004149281A JP2005331339A (ja) | 2004-05-19 | 2004-05-19 | 酸素分圧制御装置及び酸素分圧制御用固体電解質の回復方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005111270A1 true WO2005111270A1 (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
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ID=35394178
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2005/009178 WO2005111270A1 (ja) | 2004-05-19 | 2005-05-19 | 酸素分圧制御装置及び酸素分圧制御用固体電解質の使用方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8097138B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2005331339A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112005001168B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005111270A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2008150260A (ja) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-07-03 | Canon Machinery Inc | 酸素ポンプ |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8597732B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2013-12-03 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Thin film depositing method |
JP2008231466A (ja) * | 2007-03-16 | 2008-10-02 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 極低酸素濃度ガス生成装置 |
JP5483043B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-25 | 2014-05-07 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 極低水分ガス生成装置、不活性ガス、処理装置、及びガス中の水分量測定方法 |
JP5544678B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-25 | 2014-07-09 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 処理システム及び被処理物体の処理方法 |
DE102007058565B4 (de) * | 2007-11-30 | 2012-02-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Anordnung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Sauerstoffpartialdrucks in einem Gasgemisch |
JP5000572B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-02 | 2012-08-15 | キヤノンマシナリー株式会社 | 酸素ポンプ及び酸素ポンプの回復方法 |
JP5071809B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-10 | 2012-11-14 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 固体電解質型酸素分圧制御方法 |
JP6144532B2 (ja) | 2013-05-01 | 2017-06-07 | 株式会社デンソー | ブレージングシートのろう付け方法、及び熱交換器の製造方法 |
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JPS5352194A (en) * | 1976-10-22 | 1978-05-12 | Toray Industries | Oxygen concentration measuring apparatus |
JPS55136101A (en) * | 1979-04-09 | 1980-10-23 | Toray Ind Inc | Solid electrolyte oxygen pump |
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JPS62138745A (ja) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-06-22 | Toray Ind Inc | 酸素分析装置の酸素ポンプ電極再生方法 |
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US3699032A (en) * | 1969-06-20 | 1972-10-17 | Univ Ohio | Devices for the control of agents in fluids |
BE793162A (fr) * | 1971-12-23 | 1973-06-21 | Uss Eng & Consult | Detecteurs d'oxygene |
US4178222A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-12-11 | General Motors Corporation | Solid electrolyte oxygen sensor with electrically isolated heater |
US4181583A (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-01-01 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for heating electrolytic cell |
JPS60219547A (ja) * | 1984-04-16 | 1985-11-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 酸素濃度検出装置 |
US5332483A (en) * | 1990-07-06 | 1994-07-26 | Igr Enterprises, Inc. | Gas separation system |
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JP3450084B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-09 | 2003-09-22 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 可燃ガス成分の測定方法及び測定装置 |
EP0937979A3 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2000-11-22 | NGK Spark Plug Co. Ltd. | NOx sensor control circuit unit and NOx sensor system using the same |
DE19947239B4 (de) | 1999-09-30 | 2004-01-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Funktionsüberwachung und/oder Regenerierung einer Gassonde |
JP2001114589A (ja) | 1999-10-20 | 2001-04-24 | Nec Machinery Corp | 単結晶育成装置 |
JP3749918B2 (ja) | 2001-04-27 | 2006-03-01 | キヤノンマシナリー株式会社 | 酸素分圧制御による試料作製装置 |
JP3921520B2 (ja) | 2003-02-20 | 2007-05-30 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 酸素分圧制御による試料作成方法および試料作成装置 |
US7416649B2 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2008-08-26 | Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd. | Oxygen concentration detection system and vehicle control system having the same |
US20050282051A1 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-12-22 | Zhigang Zhou | Integrated honeycomb solid electrolyte fuel cells |
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2004
- 2004-05-19 JP JP2004149281A patent/JP2005331339A/ja active Pending
-
2005
- 2005-05-19 DE DE112005001168.2T patent/DE112005001168B4/de active Active
- 2005-05-19 US US11/597,045 patent/US8097138B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-19 WO PCT/JP2005/009178 patent/WO2005111270A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
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JPS5352194A (en) * | 1976-10-22 | 1978-05-12 | Toray Industries | Oxygen concentration measuring apparatus |
JPS55136101A (en) * | 1979-04-09 | 1980-10-23 | Toray Ind Inc | Solid electrolyte oxygen pump |
JPS60187854A (ja) * | 1984-03-07 | 1985-09-25 | Shinya Otsuka | 酸素濃度測定装置 |
JPS62138745A (ja) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-06-22 | Toray Ind Inc | 酸素分析装置の酸素ポンプ電極再生方法 |
Cited By (1)
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JP2008150260A (ja) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-07-03 | Canon Machinery Inc | 酸素ポンプ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080217187A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
JP2005331339A (ja) | 2005-12-02 |
DE112005001168T5 (de) | 2007-04-19 |
US8097138B2 (en) | 2012-01-17 |
DE112005001168B4 (de) | 2015-10-29 |
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