WO2023025001A1 - 一种燃料电池的供气系统及供气方法 - Google Patents

一种燃料电池的供气系统及供气方法 Download PDF

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WO2023025001A1
WO2023025001A1 PCT/CN2022/113054 CN2022113054W WO2023025001A1 WO 2023025001 A1 WO2023025001 A1 WO 2023025001A1 CN 2022113054 W CN2022113054 W CN 2022113054W WO 2023025001 A1 WO2023025001 A1 WO 2023025001A1
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Prior art keywords
air
nitrogen
passage
output
gas
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PCT/CN2022/113054
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曲禄成
韩令海
赵洪辉
丁天威
黄兴
段盼
郝志强
马秋玉
刘岩
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中国第一汽车股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023025001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023025001A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04425—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, for example, to a fuel cell gas supply system and gas supply method.
  • a fuel cell is a power generating device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy.
  • a fuel cell due to the high energy conversion rate of hydrogen fuel cells, and its reactant is water, it will not produce polluting gases such as carbon and nitrogen oxides, so hydrogen fuel cells have been widely used in the field of fuel cells. Applications.
  • the present application provides a fuel cell gas supply system, which can not only solve the problems of slow response speed and easy damage to the proton exchange membrane during the gas supply process, but also solve the hydrogen waste and damage to the fuel cell caused by hydrogen purging The question of service life.
  • the air supply system of the fuel cell includes an air filter assembly, a first air path, a second air path and a third air path, the output end of the air filter assembly communicates with the input end of the first air path, and the first air path
  • a gas path is configured to supply air to the cathode of the electric stack of the fuel cell
  • the second gas path is configured to supply hydrogen to the anode of the electric stack
  • the third gas path includes:
  • a nitrogen-oxygen separation device configured to separate nitrogen and oxygen from the gas entering said nitrogen-oxygen separation device
  • the first passage is set to communicate with the output end of the air filter assembly and the input end of the nitrogen-oxygen separation device, and the first air passage can switch the first passage;
  • the second passage is set to communicate with the nitrogen output end of the nitrogen and oxygen separation device and the air inlet of the anode;
  • the third passage is set to communicate with the oxygen output end of the nitrogen and oxygen separation device and the first gas passage.
  • Another aspect of the present application provides a gas supply method based on the gas supply system of the fuel cell as described above to solve the problem of slow response when the stack of the hydrogen fuel cell is loaded from a low power output state to a high power output state. And it is easy to damage the proton exchange membrane.
  • the air supply method includes:
  • Another aspect of the present application provides a gas supply method based on the gas supply system of the fuel cell as described above, so as to solve the problems of hydrogen waste and damage to the service life of the fuel cell caused by hydrogen purging.
  • the air supply method includes:
  • the first passage is opened and the first air passage is closed, so that all the air output by the air filter assembly enters the nitrogen-oxygen separation device, and all air passages are closed.
  • the second gas path and open the nitrogen and oxygen separation device;
  • the air supply method includes:
  • the centrifugal air compressor continuously outputs air
  • the detection mechanism detects the vibration of the centrifugal air compressor, and when the centrifugal air compressor is in the surge state, opens the first passage, so that the output of the centrifugal air compressor Part of the air enters the nitrogen-oxygen separation device, and opens the nitrogen-oxygen separation device;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas supply system for a fuel cell provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the gas supply method that can improve the response speed provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a gas supply method that can use nitrogen to purge the stack provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the air supply method provided by Embodiment 2 of the present application that can prevent the centrifugal air compressor in the surge state from affecting the air supply to the cell stack.
  • Electric stack 61. First air inlet; 62. Second air inlet; 63. First air outlet; 64. Second air outlet.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integrated; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • connection can be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integrated; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components.
  • a first feature being "on” or “under” a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact. contact but through additional feature contact between them.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “under” the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • the present application provides a fuel cell gas supply system, which can supply air to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 6 and supply hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack 6 .
  • a fuel cell gas supply system which can supply air to the cathode of the fuel cell stack 6 and supply hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack 6 .
  • the gas supply system of the fuel cell in this embodiment includes an air filter assembly 5, a first air path, a second air path and a third air path, and the output end of the air filter assembly 5 It communicates with the input end of the first gas path, and the first gas path is configured to supply air to the cathode of the stack 6 of the fuel cell.
  • the second gas path is configured to supply hydrogen to the anode of the stack 6
  • the third gas path includes a first path 31 , a second path 32 , a third path 33 and a nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34 .
  • the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34 is set to separate nitrogen and oxygen in the gas entering the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34, and the first passage 31 is set to communicate with the output end of the air filter assembly 5 and the input end of the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34, the first The gas path can switch on and off the first path 31, the second path 32 is set to communicate with the nitrogen output end of the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34 and the air inlet of the anode, and the third path 33 is set to communicate with the oxygen output of the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34 terminal and the first gas path.
  • the air filter assembly 5 has an input end and an output end, and the air filter assembly 5 is configured to drive air from the input end of the air filter assembly 5 into the air filter assembly 5, and from The output end of the air filter assembly 5 flows out of the air filter assembly 5 to filter the air flowing through the air filter assembly 5 .
  • the first passage 31 is switched on and off through the first air passage, so as to increase the power of the stack 6 in a steady state or when the stack 6 is shut down, the first passage 31 is opened to allow air to enter the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34, by
  • the second passage 32 transports the nitrogen gas to the air inlet of the anode, and uses the nitrogen gas as an inert gas to purge the stack 6, not only will not waste hydrogen, but also there will be no hydrogen-air interface, which ensures the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell;
  • the third passage 33 transports oxygen to the first air passage, increasing the concentration of oxygen in the first air passage, thereby making up for the lack of oxygen supply caused by the slow pressurization response speed during the process of increasing the air pressure. And it can avoid the lack of gas phenomenon in the rapid boosting process, ensuring the performance and service life of the electric stack 6 .
  • the electric stack 6 includes a first air inlet 61, a second air inlet 62, a first exhaust port 63, and a second air outlet 64, and the first air inlet 61 is the cathode of the electric stack 6.
  • Air inlet, the second air inlet 62 is the anode air inlet of the stack 6, the first exhaust port 63 is the cathode exhaust port of the stack 6, and the second exhaust port 64 is the anode exhaust of the stack 6 mouth.
  • the first gas path includes a cathode gas supply path 11 and a first control valve 12 .
  • the first end of the cathode gas supply passage 11 is connected to the output end of the air filter assembly 5 , and the second end is connected to the first air inlet 61 of the electric stack 6 .
  • the external air source After the external air source is filtered by the air filter assembly 5, it enters the cathode air supply passage 11, so that the first air passage can supply air to the cathode of the electric stack 6, and the air entering the electric stack 6 is exhausted by the first air after being reacted.
  • Port 63 discharges.
  • the second gas path communicates with the second gas inlet 62, and can supply hydrogen gas to the anode of the electric stack 6.
  • the hydrogen gas entering the electric stack 6 is discharged by the second exhaust port 64, and the second exhaust port 64 communicates with In the anode exhaust passage 21, the anode exhaust passage 21 is communicated with the second gas passage, and the hydrogen exhaust valve 22 is arranged on the anode exhaust passage 21, and the hydrogen exhaust valve 22 can remove the moisture in the gas discharged by the second exhaust port 64. and other impurity gases are discharged, while the remaining unreacted hydrogen continues to enter the anode inlet of the stack 6 through the second gas path to continue the reaction.
  • the first control valve 12 is arranged on the cathode gas supply passage 11, the first control valve 12 includes a first input end 121, a first output end 122 and a second output end 123, the first input end 121 and the first output end 122 are both It is connected to the cathode gas supply passage 11, and the first input end 121 is connected to the air filter assembly 5, the first output end 122 is connected to the first air inlet 61, the second output end 123 is connected to the first passage 31, and the first control The valve 12 is configured to switch on and off the first output port 122 and the second output port 123 respectively, and adjust the flow rate and pressure of the gas output from the first output port 122 and the second output port 123 . Since the proportional valve can adjust the pressure and flow rate of the air output by the air filter assembly 5 into the first air path and the third air path respectively, and can reduce the impact of pressure change, optionally, the first control valve 12 is a three-way proportional valve.
  • the first control valve 12 in the first air path can switch the first passage 31 .
  • the first air path also includes Air compressor 13, intercooler 14 and humidifier 15, the air compressor 13 is located at the input end of the first air circuit, the input end of the air compressor 13 is connected to the output end of the air filter assembly 5, to reduce air filter The influence of the component 5 on the flow and pressure of the gas in the first air circuit, thereby increasing the response speed of the air flow and pressure changes in the first air circuit; the input end of the intercooler 14 is connected to the output end of the air compressor 13 , the intercooler 14 can cool the high-temperature gas output by the air compressor 13, and the first input end 121 of the first control valve 12 is communicated with the output end of the intercooler 14, so as to prevent high-temperature air from entering the first inlet of the electric
  • the humidifier 15 is arranged upstream of the first air inlet 61, and the first output end 122 of the first control valve 12 and the oxygen output end of the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34 are connected to the input end of the humidifier 15, that is, the air pressure
  • the output end of the machine 13 and the oxygen output end of the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34 are all communicated with the input end of the humidifier 15, and the output end of the humidifier 15 is communicated with the air inlet of the cathode, so that in the stack 6 reaction process In this process, the proton exchange membrane can always be kept in a wet state, thereby improving the performance of the stack 6 .
  • the humidifier 15 includes a fourth input end 151, a fifth input end 152, and a seventh output end 153, and the output end of the air compressor 13 and the oxygen output end of the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34 are both connected to the fourth input end.
  • the humidifier 15 can also include an eighth output terminal 154, an eighth The output end 154 communicates with the fourth passage 38, and a check valve 17 is also provided between the eighth output end 154 and the fourth passage 38, so that the eighth output end 154 can discharge the air in the humidifier 15 and prevent Other gases discharged from the fourth passage 38 flow countercurrently into the humidifier 15 .
  • the third gas path further includes a second control valve 35, a throttle valve 37, and a fourth passage 38.
  • the second control valve 35 Set on the third passage 33, the second control valve 35 includes a second input end 351, a third output end 352 and a fourth output end 353, the second input end 351 and the third output end 352 are connected to the third passage 33 , and the second input end 351 is communicated with the oxygen output end of the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34, the third output end 352 is communicated with the cathode gas supply passage 11, and the oxygen output by the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34 can enter the cathode supply passage through the third passage 33.
  • the air passage 11 is connected to the first air passage, so that the concentration of oxygen in the first air passage can be increased.
  • the fourth passage 38 is connected to the outside world, the fourth output port 353 is connected to the fourth passage 38, and the second control valve 35 can respectively switch the third output port 352 and the fourth output port 353 to control the output from the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34.
  • the oxygen in the air enters the first gas path or is discharged through the fourth path 38 , and the throttle valve 37 can control the opening and closing of the fourth path 38 so that the oxygen can be discharged through the fourth path 38 .
  • the third gas path further includes a third control valve 36, the third control valve 36 is arranged on the second path 32, and the third control valve 36 includes a first The three input terminals 361, the fifth output terminal 362 and the sixth output terminal 363, the third input terminal 361 and the fifth output terminal 362 are connected to the second path 32, and the third input terminal 361 is connected to the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34.
  • the fifth output port 362 is communicated with the second gas inlet 62, and the nitrogen gas output by the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34 can enter the second gas inlet 62 through the second passage 32, so that the nitrogen gas that can be used as an inert gas can be purged Electrode stack 6; the sixth output end 363 communicates with the fourth passage 38, so that nitrogen gas can be discharged from the sixth output end 363, and the third control valve 36 can switch on and off the fifth output end 362 and the sixth output end 363 respectively to control
  • the nitrogen gas output from the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34 enters the second gas path or is discharged through the fourth path 38 .
  • the gas supply system of the fuel cell may also include a first gas storage mechanism and a second gas storage mechanism, the fourth output end 353 communicates with the first gas storage mechanism, and the first gas storage mechanism Can store the oxygen input by the fourth output end 353, the first gas storage mechanism can be connected to the cathode gas supply passage 11, and can deliver oxygen to the cathode gas supply passage 11 when the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34 has not separated oxygen;
  • the six output end 363 is connected to the second gas storage mechanism, and the second gas storage mechanism can store the nitrogen output by the sixth output end 363, and can be used when the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34 has not separated the nitrogen gas or the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34 has separated the nitrogen gas.
  • nitrogen pressure is not enough, nitrogen is provided for the second air inlet 62.
  • the gas supply system of the fuel cell further includes a detection mechanism, and the detection mechanism includes a flow meter 41, a first temperature sensor 421, a second The second temperature sensor 422 , the first pressure sensor 431 , the second pressure sensor 432 and the third pressure sensor 433 .
  • the flow meter 41 is arranged between the air filter assembly 5 and the air compressor 13 to be able to detect the flow rate of the air entering the first air passage.
  • the first temperature sensor 421 and the first pressure sensor 431 are all arranged between the seventh output end 153 of the humidifier 15 and the first air inlet 61, to be able to detect the thermometer of the air entering the cathode air inlet of the electric stack 6 pressure.
  • Both the second temperature sensor 422 and the second pressure sensor 432 are disposed between the second exhaust port 64 and the hydrogen exhaust valve 22 to detect the temperature and pressure of the impurity gas that needs to be exhausted by the hydrogen exhaust valve 22 .
  • the third pressure sensor 433 is disposed between the second gas inlet 62 and the fifth output port 362 of the third control valve 36 to be able to detect the pressure of the nitrogen gas entering the anode gas inlet.
  • This embodiment also provides a gas supply method based on the gas supply system of the fuel cell as described above, which can solve the problem when the stack 6 of the hydrogen fuel cell is loaded from a low power output state to a high power output state , the response speed is slow, and the problem of easy damage to the proton exchange membrane.
  • the air supply method includes:
  • the first output port 122 and the second output port 123 of the first control valve 12 are simultaneously opened in a certain proportion to open the first passage 31 so that the output part of the air filter assembly 5 Air enters the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34, and opens the nitrogen and oxygen separation device 34;
  • This embodiment also provides a gas supply method based on the gas supply system of the fuel cell as described above, which can solve the problems of wasting hydrogen gas and damaging the service life of the fuel cell caused by purging the stack 6 with hydrogen gas.
  • the air supply method includes:
  • the first output port 122 of the first control valve 12 is closed, and the second output port 123 is opened to open the first passage 31 and close the first gas path, so that the air filter The air output by the assembly 5 all enters the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34, and the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34 is opened;
  • Embodiment 1 The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the air compressor 13 in this embodiment is a centrifugal air compressor.
  • the centrifugal air compressor During the use of the centrifugal air compressor, if the flow of air in the centrifugal air compressor decreases to a certain extent, a vibration under abnormal working conditions will occur, that is, the centrifugal air compressor is in a state of surge .
  • the airflow in the centrifugal air compressor in the surge state can produce low-frequency, high-amplitude airflow oscillations along the axial direction of the centrifugal air compressor, which makes the pressure of the air output by the centrifugal air compressor drop, thereby greatly reducing The power of the stack 6.
  • the air supply system of the fuel cell provided in this embodiment further includes a detection mechanism, which can detect whether the centrifugal air compressor is in a surge state, and the first air path can be used when the centrifugal air compressor is in a surge state. Open the first passage 31 in the vibration state, so that the concentration of oxygen in the air can be increased when the air pressure in the first air passage decreases, so as to avoid the centrifugal air compressor in the surge state from greatly affecting the fuel cell.
  • a detection mechanism which can detect whether the centrifugal air compressor is in a surge state, and the first air path can be used when the centrifugal air compressor is in a surge state. Open the first passage 31 in the vibration state, so that the concentration of oxygen in the air can be increased when the air pressure in the first air passage decreases, so as to avoid the centrifugal air compressor in the surge state from greatly affecting the fuel cell.
  • this embodiment provides an air supply method based on the fuel cell air supply system as described above to solve the problem of affecting the performance of the fuel cell and reducing the service life of the fuel cell when the centrifugal air compressor is in a surge state. question.
  • the air supply method includes:
  • the detection mechanism detects the vibration of the centrifugal air compressor, and when the centrifugal air compressor is in a surge state, simultaneously opens the first output end 122 and the second output end 123 of the first control valve 12 according to a certain ratio, so as to open the first A passage 31, so that part of the air output by the centrifugal air compressor enters the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34, and opens the nitrogen-oxygen separation device 34;
  • the detection mechanism continues to detect whether the centrifugal air compressor is in a surge state, and when the centrifugal air compressor is not in a surge state, fully opens the first output end 122 of the first control valve 12, and closes the second output end 123 , to close the first channel 31 .

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种燃料电池的供气系统。该燃料电池的供气系统包括空滤组件、第一气路、第二气路及第三气路，第一气路及第二气路被设置为分别为燃料电池的电堆的阴极供应空气和阳极供应氢气，第三气路包括第一通路、第二通路、第三通路及氮氧分离装置，第一通路被设置为连通空滤组件及氮氧分离装置，第一气路能够通断第一通路，第二通路被设置为连通氮氧分离装置的氮气输出端及阳极的进气口，第三通路被设置为连通氮氧分离装置的氧气输出端及第一气路。本申请还提供了一种基于如上的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法。

Description

一种燃料电池的供气系统及供气方法
本申请要求在2021年08月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110980628.2的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及燃料电池技术领域，例如涉及一种燃料电池的供气系统及供气方法。
背景技术
燃料电池是一个将化学能直接转换为电能的发电装置。随着科技的发展，由于氢燃料电池的能量转化率较高，并且其反应物为水，不会产生含有碳氮氧化物等污染性的气体，使得氢燃料电池在燃料电池领域中得到了广泛的应用。
在相关技术中，当氢燃料电池的电堆从低功率输出状态加载到大功率输出状态时，一般采用快速提高阴极供气压力及较高过量供应空气来实现，但是由于加快空气压力的响应速度较难实现，并且快速的高压供气的过程中，一旦出现空气暂时缺气，可能会使燃料电池质子交换膜两侧瞬间压差过大造成膜的损伤，而且质子交换膜可能会现过干现象，从而导致燃料电池的性能下降。
而在燃料电池停机过程中，如果电堆内有空气和氢气的残留，随着氢气的消耗会产生氢空界面，出现反向电流，从而降低燃料电池的使用寿命。现有燃料电池多采用耗氧放电，即直接使用氢气吹扫，不仅浪费氢气，而且较容易出现氢空界面，从而大大衰减氢燃料电池的使用寿命。
发明内容
本申请一方面提供一种燃料电池的供气系统，既能够在供气过程中解决响应速度慢，并且易损伤质子交换膜的问题，又能够解决采用氢气吹扫导致的氢气浪费及损伤燃料电池使用寿命的问题。
该燃料电池的供气系统包括空滤组件、第一气路、第二气路及第三气路，所述空滤组件的输出端连通于所述第一气路的输入端，所述第一气路被设置为为燃料电池的电堆的阴极供应空气，所述第二气路被设置为为所述电堆的阳极供应氢气，所述第三气路包括：
氮氧分离装置，被设置为分离进入所述氮氧分离装置的气体中的氮气和氧 气；
第一通路，被设置为连通所述空滤组件的输出端及所述氮氧分离装置的输入端，所述第一气路能够通断所述第一通路；
第二通路，被设置为连通所述氮氧分离装置的氮气输出端及所述阳极的进气口；及
第三通路，被设置为连通所述氮氧分离装置的氧气输出端及所述第一气路。
本申请另一方面提供一种基于如上所述的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法，以解决当氢燃料电池的电堆从低功率输出状态加载到大功率输出状态时，响应速度慢，并且易损伤质子交换膜的问题。该供气方法包括：
使所述第一气路为所述阴极供应空气，并使所述第二气路为所述阳极供应氢气，以使所述电堆输出的功率处于稳定状态；
当需要增大所述电堆输出的功率时，打开所述第一通路，以使所述空滤组件输出的部分空气进入所述氮氧分离装置，并开启所述氮氧分离装置；
使所述氮氧分离装置输出的氧气由所述第三通路通入所述第一气路中，并在增大功率后的所述电堆输出的功率处于稳定状态后，关闭所述第一通路。
本申请又一方面提供一种基于如上所述的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法，以解决采用氢气吹扫导致的氢气浪费及损伤燃料电池使用寿命的问题。该供气方法包括：
当所述电堆关机并执行阳极吹扫命令时，打开所述第一通路并关闭所述第一气路，以使所述空滤组件输出的空气全部进入所述氮氧分离装置，关闭所述第二气路并开启所述氮氧分离装置；
使所述氮氧分离装置输出的氮气由所述第二通路持续通入所述阳极的进气口，并使所述阳极的排气口排出所述氮气；
待所述阳极吹扫命令结束时，关闭所述第一通路。
本申请又一方面提供一种基于如上所述的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法，以解决离心式空压机处于喘振状态时影响燃料电池的性能并降低燃料电池的使用寿命的问题。该供气方法包括：
打开所述第一气路并关闭所述第一通路，所述离心式空压机持续输出空气；
所述检测机构检测所述离心式空压机的振动，并在所述离心式空压机处于所述喘振状态时，打开所述第一通路，以使所述离心式空压机输出的部分所述空气进入所述氮氧分离装置，并开启所述氮氧分离装置；
使所述氮氧分离装置输出的氧气由所述第三通路通入所述第一气路中，并在检测机构检测所述离心式空压机不处于所述喘振状态时，关闭所述第一通路。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例一提供的燃料电池的供气系统的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例一提供的能够提高响应速度的供气方法的流程图；
图3是本申请实施例一提供的能够使用氮气吹扫电堆的供气方法的流程图；
图4是本申请实施例二提供的能够避免处于喘振状态的离心式空压机影响为电堆供气的供气方法的流程图。
图中：
11、阴极供气通路；12、第一控制阀；121、第一输入端；122、第一输出端；123、第二输出端；13、空压机；14、中冷器；15、增湿器；151、第四输入端；152、第五输入端；153、第七输出端；154、第八输出端；16、阴极排气通路；17、单向阀；
21、阳极排气通路；22、排氢阀；
31、第一通路；32、第二通路；33、第三通路；34、氮氧分离装置；35、第二控制阀；351、第二输入端；352、第三输出端；353、第四输出端；36、第三控制阀；361、第三输入端；362、第五输出端；363、第六输出端；37、节气阀；38、第四通路；
41、流量计；421、第一温度传感器；422、第二温度传感器；431、第一压力传感器；432、第二压力传感器；433、第三压力传感器；
5、空滤组件；
6、电堆；61、第一进气口；62、第二进气口；63、第一排气口；64、第二排气口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的实施例用于解释本申请。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了 与本申请相关的部分而非全部结构。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定，术语“相连”、“连接”、“固定”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据实际情况理解上述术语在本申请中的实际含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定，第一特征在第二特征之“上”或之“下”可以包括第一和第二特征直接接触，也可以包括第一和第二特征不是直接接触而是通过它们之间的另外的特征接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”包括第一特征在第二特征正上方和斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”包括第一特征在第二特征正下方和斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本实施例的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“右”、等方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化操作，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅仅用于在描述上加以区分，并没有特殊的含义。
实施例一
本申请提供一种燃料电池的供气系统，该燃料电池的供气系统能够为燃料电池的电堆6的阴极供应空气，并为电堆6的阳极供应氢气。当电堆6从低功率输出状态加载到大功率输出状态时，需要快速提高阴极供气压力，以能够为电堆6供应过量的空气，但是由于增大空气压力的响应速度较慢，并且高压供气的过程中，一旦出现空气暂时缺气，可能会使电堆6的质子交换膜两侧瞬间压差过大造成膜的损伤，从而导致燃料电池的性能下降；而在电堆6停机的过程中，如果电堆6直接使用氢气吹扫，不仅浪费氢气，而且较容易出现氢空界面，从而大大衰减氢燃料电池的使用寿命。
为了解决上述问题，如图1所示，本实施例中的燃料电池的供气系统包括空滤组件5、第一气路、第二气路及第三气路，空滤组件5的输出端连通于第一气路的输入端，第一气路被设置为为燃料电池的电堆6的阴极供应空气。第二气路被设置为为电堆6的阳极供应氢气，第三气路包括第一通路31、第二通路32、第三通路33及氮氧分离装置34。氮氧分离装置34被设置为分离进入氮氧分离装置34的气体中的氮气和氧气，第一通路31被设置为连通空滤组件5的输出端及氮氧分离装置34的输入端，第一气路能够通断第一通路31，第二通路32被设置为连通氮氧分离装置34的氮气输出端及阳极的进气口，第三通路33 被设置为连通氮氧分离装置34的氧气输出端及第一气路。
在一实施例中，所述空滤组件5具有输入端和输出端，所述空滤组件5被设置为驱动空气从所述空滤组件5的输入端流入所述空滤组件5，并从所述空滤组件5的输出端流出所述空滤组件5，以对流经所述空滤组件5的空气进行过滤。
通过第一气路通断第一通路31，以在增大处于稳定状态下的电堆6的功率或在电堆6停机时，打开第一通路31，使空气进入氮氧分离装置34，由第二通路32将氮气输送至阳极的进气口，使用为惰性气体的氮气吹扫电堆6，不仅不会浪费氢气，而且不会出现氢空界面，保证了氢燃料电池的使用寿命；由第三通路33将氧气输送至第一气路中，提升了第一气路中氧气的浓度，从而能够在增大空气压力的过程中，弥补由于增压响应速度慢而导致的供氧不足，并且能够避免快速增压过程中的缺气现象，保证了电堆6的性能及使用寿命。
在本实施例中，电堆6包括第一进气口61、第二进气口62、第一排气口63及第二排气口64，第一进气口61为电堆6的阴极进气口，第二进气口62为电堆6的阳极进气口，第一排气口63为电堆6的阴极排气口，第二排气口64为电堆6的阳极排气口。
第一气路包括阴极供气通路11及第一控制阀12。阴极供气通路11的第一端连通于空滤组件5的输出端，第二端连通于电堆6的第一进气口61。外部气源通过空滤组件5的过滤后，进入阴极供气通路11，以使第一气路能够为电堆6的阴极供应空气，进入电堆6的空气经过反应后，由第一排气口63排出。第二气路连通于第二进气口62，并能够为电堆6的阳极供应氢气，进入电堆6的氢气经过反应后，由第二排气口64排出，第二排气口64连通于阳极排气通路21，阳极排气通路21连通于第二气路，排氢阀22设置于阳极排气通路21上，排氢阀22能够将由第二排气口64排出的气体中的水分及其它杂质气体排出，而剩余未反应的氢气由第二气路继续进入电堆6的阳极进气口，以继续进行反应。
第一控制阀12设置于阴极供气通路11上，第一控制阀12包括第一输入端121、第一输出端122及第二输出端123，第一输入端121及第一输出端122均连通于阴极供气通路11，并且第一输入端121连通于空滤组件5，第一输出端122连通于第一进气口61，第二输出端123连通于第一通路31，第一控制阀12被设置为分别通断第一输出端122及第二输出端123，并调节由第一输出端122及第二输出端123输出的气体的流量及压力。由于比例阀能够按比例调节由空滤组件5输出的空气分别进入第一气路及第三气路的气体的压力及流量，并且能减少压力变换时的冲击，可选地，第一控制阀12为三通比例阀。
在一实施例中，第一气路中的第一控制阀12能够通断第一通路31。借由上 述结构，为了能够在电堆6变化功率时，提升第一气路中的空气的流量及压力变化的响应速度，并提升电堆6的性能，可选地，第一气路还包括空压机13、中冷器14及增湿器15，空压机13位于第一气路的输入端，空压机13的输入端连通于空滤组件5的输出端，以减小空滤组件5对第一气路中气体的流量及压力的影响，从而提升第一气路中的空气的流量及压力变化的响应速度；中冷器14的输入端连通于空压机13的输出端，中冷器14能够为空压机13输出的高温气体降温，第一控制阀12的第一输入端121连通于中冷器14的输出端，以避免高温空气进入电堆6的第一进气口61及氮氧分离装置34。增湿器15设置于第一进气口61的上游，第一控制阀12的第一输出端122及氮氧分离装置34的氧气输出端均连通于增湿器15的输入端，即空压机13的输出端及氮氧分离装置34的氧气输出端均连通于增湿器15的输入端，增湿器15的输出端连通于所述阴极的进气口，以在电堆6反应过程中，使质子交换膜始终能够保持湿润状态，从而提升电堆6的性能。
可选地，增湿器15包括第四输入端151、第五输入端152及第七输出端153，空压机13的输出端及氮氧分离装置34的氧气输出端均连通于第四输入端151，第五输入端152及第一排气口63均连通于阴极排气通路16，第七输出端153连通于第一进气口61，使得由第一排气口63排出的空气中未反应的氧气能够由阴极排气通路16连通至增湿器15的第五输入端152，通过增湿器15进入第一进气口61中进行反应，由于由第一排气口63排出的空气中氧气含量较低，为了避免在电堆6提升功率时降低增湿器15通入第一进气口61中的氧气的浓度，增湿器15还可以包括第八输出端154，第八输出端154连通于第四通路38，并且第八输出端154与第四通路38之间还设置有单向阀17，以使第八输出端154能够排出增湿器15中的空气，并且防止第四通路38排出的其它气体逆流进入增湿器15中。
在一实施例中，为了便于控制氮氧分离装置34输出的氧气，在本实施例中，第三气路还包括第二控制阀35、节气阀37及第四通路38，第二控制阀35设置于第三通路33上，第二控制阀35包括第二输入端351、第三输出端352及第四输出端353，第二输入端351及第三输出端352均连通于第三通路33，并且第二输入端351连通于氮氧分离装置34的氧气输出端，第三输出端352连通于阴极供气通路11，由氮氧分离装置34输出的氧气能够由第三通路33进入阴极供气通路11，以通入第一气路中，从而能够提升第一气路中氧气的浓度。第四通路38连通于外界，第四输出端353连通于第四通路38，第二控制阀35能够分别通断第三输出端352及第四输出端353，以控制由氮氧分离装置34输出的氧气进入第一气路或由第四通路38排出，节气阀37能够控制第四通路38的通断，以能够使氧气由第四通路38排出。
在一实施例中，为了便于控制氮氧分离装置34输出的氮气，第三气路还包括第三控制阀36，第三控制阀36设置于第二通路32上，第三控制阀36包括第三输入端361、第五输出端362及第六输出端363，第三输入端361及第五输出端362均连通于第二通路32，并且第三输入端361连通于氮氧分离装置34的氮气输出端，第五输出端362连通于第二进气口62，氮氧分离装置34输出的氮气能够由第二通路32进入第二进气口62，从而能够使用为惰性气体的氮气吹扫电堆6；第六输出端363连通于第四通路38，从而能够由第六输出端363排出氮气，第三控制阀36能够分别通断第五输出端362及第六输出端363，以控制由氮氧分离装置34输出的氮气进入第二气路或由第四通路38排出。
可以理解的是，在其它实施例中，燃料电池的供气系统还可以包括第一储气机构及第二储气机构，第四输出端353连通于第一储气机构，第一储气机构能够储存由第四输出端353输入的氧气，第一储气机构能够连通于阴极供气通路11，并能够在氮氧分离装置34还未分离出氧气时为阴极供气通路11输送氧气；第六输出端363连通于第二储气机构，第二储气机构能够储存由第六输出端363输出的氮气，并能够在氮氧分离装置34还未分离出氮气或者氮氧分离装置34分离出的氮气气压不够时，为第二进气口62提供氮气。
在一实施例中，为了能够提高燃料电池的供气系统的安全性，在本实施例中，燃料电池的供气系统还包括检测机构，检测机构包括流量计41、第一温度传感器421、第二温度传感器422、第一压力传感器431、第二压力传感器432及第三压力传感器433。流量计41设置于空滤组件5与空压机13之间，以能够检测进入第一气路中的空气的流量。第一温度传感器421及第一压力传感器431均设置于增湿器15的第七输出端153与第一进气口61之间，以能够检测进入电堆6的阴极进气口中的空气的温度计压力。第二温度传感器422及第二压力传感器432均设置于第二排气口64及排氢阀22之间，以能够检测需要由排氢阀22排出的杂质气体的温度及压力。第三压力传感器433设置于第二进气口62与第三控制阀36的第五输出端362之间，以能够检测进入阳极进气口的氮气的压力。
本实施例还提供了一种基于如上所述的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法，该供气方法能够解决当氢燃料电池的电堆6从低功率输出状态加载到大功率输出状态时，响应速度慢，并且易损伤质子交换膜的问题。
在一实施例中，如图2所示，该供气方法包括：
打开第一控制阀12的第一输出端122，关闭第二输出端123，以使第一气路为阴极供应空气，并使第二气路为阳极供应氢气，使电堆6输出的功率处于稳定状态；
当需要增大电堆6输出的功率时，按一定比例同时打开第一控制阀12的第一输出端122及第二输出端123，以打开第一通路31，使空滤组件5输出的部分空气进入氮氧分离装置34，并开启氮氧分离装置34；
打开第二控制阀35的第三输出端352并关闭第四输出端353，使氮氧分离装置34输出的氧气由第三通路33通入第一气路中；
关闭第三控制阀36的第五输出端362并打开第六输出端363，以使氮氧分离装置34输出的氮气由第四通路38排出；
在增大功率后的电堆6输出的功率达到所需要增大的功率，并处于稳定状态后，完全打开第一控制阀12的第一输出端122，并关闭第二输出端123，以关闭第一通路31；
关闭第二控制阀35的第三输出端352，打开第四输出端353，以使氮氧分离装置34排出的氧气由第四通路38排出。
本实施例还提供一种基于如上所述的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法，该供气方法能够解决采用氢气吹扫电堆6导致的氢气浪费及损伤燃料电池使用寿命的问题。该供气方法包括：
当电堆6关机并执行阳极吹扫命令时，关闭第一控制阀12的第一输出端122，并打开第二输出端123，以打开第一通路31并关闭第一气路，使空滤组件5输出的空气全部进入氮氧分离装置34，开启氮氧分离装置34；
关闭第二控制阀35的第三输出端352，并打开第四输出端353，以使氮氧分离装置34输出的氧气由第四通路38排出；
打开第三控制阀36的第五输出端362，并关闭第六输出端363，以使氮氧分离装置34输出的氮气由第二通路32持续通入阳极的进气口；
打开排氢阀22，以使阳极的排气口排出氮气，从而能够排出残留在电堆6中的氢气；
待阳极吹扫命令结束时，打开第一控制阀12的第一输出端122，并关闭第二输出端123，以关闭第一通路31，以使第一气路在通入空气后能够直接进入阴极进气口；
关闭第三控制阀36的第五输出端362，并打开第六输出端363，以排出第三气路中的氮气。
实施例二
本实施例与实施例一的区别在于，本实施例中的空压机13为离心式空压机。
离心式空压机在使用过程中，如果流量离心式空压机中空气的流量减少到 一定程度时，就会发生一种非正常工况下的振动，即离心式空压机处于喘振状态。处于喘振状态下的离心式空压机中的气流能够沿离心式空压机的轴线方向发生低频率、高振幅的气流震荡，使得离心式空压机输出的空气的压力下降，从而大大降低电堆6的功率。
为了解决上述问题，本实施例提供的燃料电池的供气系统还包括检测机构，检测机构能够检测离心式空压机是否处于喘振状态，并且第一气路能够在离心式空压机处于喘振状态时打开第一通路31，以能够在第一气路中的空气压力减小的情况下，提升空气中氧气的浓度，从而能够避免处于喘振状态的离心式空压机对燃料电池大的电堆6的影响。
本实施例另一方面提供一种基于如上所述的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法，以解决离心式空压机处于喘振状态时影响燃料电池的性能并降低燃料电池的使用寿命的问题。该供气方法包括：
打开第一气路并关闭第一通路31，使离心式空压机持续输出空气；
检测机构检测离心式空压机的振动，并在离心式空压机处于喘振状态时，按一定比例同时打开第一控制阀12的第一输出端122及第二输出端123，以打开第一通路31，使离心式空压机输出的部分空气进入氮氧分离装置34，并打开氮氧分离装置34；
打开第二控制阀35的第三输出端352，并关闭第四输出端353，使氮氧分离装置34输出的氧气由第三通路33通入第一气路中，以提高第一气路氧气的浓度；
关闭第三控制阀36的第五输出端362，并打开第六输出端363，以使氮氧分离装置34产生的氮气由第四通路38排出；
检测机构继续检测离心式空压机是否处于喘振状态，并在离心式空压机不处于喘振状态时，完全打开第一控制阀12的第一输出端122，并关闭第二输出端123，以关闭第一通路31。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种燃料电池的供气系统，包括空滤组件(5)、第一气路、第二气路及第三气路，所述空滤组件(5)的输出端连通于所述第一气路的输入端，所述第一气路被设置为为燃料电池的电堆(6)的阴极供应空气，所述第二气路被设置为为所述电堆(6)的阳极供应氢气，所述第三气路包括：
    氮氧分离装置(34)，被设置为分离进入所述氮氧分离装置(34)的气体中的氮气和氧气；
    第一通路(31)，被设置为连通所述空滤组件(5)的输出端及所述氮氧分离装置(34)的输入端，所述第一气路能够通断所述第一通路(31)；
    第二通路(32)，被设置为连通所述氮氧分离装置(34)的氮气输出端及所述阳极的进气口；及
    第三通路(33)，被设置为连通所述氮氧分离装置(34)的氧气输出端及所述第一气路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池的供气系统，其中，所述第一气路包括第一控制阀(12)，所述第一控制阀(12)包括连通于所述空滤组件(5)的第一输入端(121)、连通于所述第一气路的第一输出端(122)，以及连通于所述第一通路(31)的第二输出端(123)，所述第一控制阀(12)被设置为分别通断所述第一输出端(122)及所述第二输出端(123)，并调节由所述第一输出端(122)及所述第二输出端(123)输出的气体的流量及压力。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池的供气系统，其中，所述第三气路还包括第二控制阀(35)，所述第二控制阀(35)包括连通于所述氮氧分离装置(34)的氧气输出端的第二输入端(351)、连通于所述第一气路的第三输出端(352)，以及连通于外界的第四输出端(353)，所述第二控制阀(35)被设置为分别通断所述第三输出端(352)及所述第四输出端(353)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池的供气系统，所述燃料电池的供气系统还包括用于排出所述阳极的排气口中的气体的排氢阀(22)，所述第三气路还包括第三控制阀(36)，所述第三控制阀(36)包括连通于所述氮氧分离装置(34)的氮气输出端的第三输入端(361)、连通于所述阴极的进气口的第五输出端(362)，以及连通于外界的第六输出端(363)，所述第三控制阀(36)被设置为分别通断所述第五输出端(362)及所述第六输出端(363)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的燃料电池的供气系统，其中，所述第一气路包括空压机(13)及增湿器(15)，所述空压机(13)位于所述第一气路的输入端，所述空压机(13)的输出端及所述氮氧分离装置(34)的氧气输出端均连通于所述增湿器(15)的输入端，所述增湿器(15)的输出端连通于所述阴极的进 气口。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的燃料电池的供气系统，其中，所述增湿器(15)包括第四输入端(151)、第五输入端(152)及第七输出端(153)，所述空压机(13)的输出端及所述氮氧分离装置(34)的氧气输出端均连通于所述第四输入端(151)，所述第五输入端(152)连通于所述阴极的排气口，所述第七输出端(153)连通于所述阴极的进气口。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的燃料电池的供气系统，所述燃料电池的供气系统还包括检测机构，所述空压机(13)为离心式空压机，所述检测机构能够检测所述离心式空压机是否处于喘振状态，并且所述第一气路被设置为在所述离心式空压机处于所述喘振状态时打开所述第一通路(31)。
  8. 一种基于权利要求1-7任一项所述的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法，包括：
    使所述第一气路为所述阴极供应空气，并使所述第二气路为所述阳极供应氢气，以使所述电堆(6)输出的功率处于稳定状态；
    当需要增大所述电堆(6)输出的功率时，打开所述第一通路(31)，以使所述空滤组件(5)输出的部分空气进入所述氮氧分离装置(34)，并开启所述氮氧分离装置(34)；
    使所述氮氧分离装置(34)输出的氧气由所述第三通路(33)通入所述第一气路中，并在增大功率后的所述电堆(6)输出的功率处于稳定状态后，关闭所述第一通路(31)。
  9. 一种基于权利要求1-7任一项所述的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法，包括：
    当所述电堆(6)关机并执行阳极吹扫命令时，打开所述第一通路(31)并关闭所述第一气路，以使所述空滤组件(5)输出的空气全部进入所述氮氧分离装置(34)，关闭所述第二气路并开启所述氮氧分离装置(34)；
    使所述氮氧分离装置(34)输出的氮气由所述第二通路(32)持续通入所述阳极的进气口，并使所述阳极的排气口排出所述氮气；
    待所述阳极吹扫命令结束时，关闭所述第一通路(31)。
  10. 一种基于权利要求7所述的燃料电池的供气系统的供气方法，包括：
    打开所述第一气路并关闭所述第一通路(31)，所述离心式空压机持续输出空气；
    所述检测机构检测所述离心式空压机的振动，并在所述离心式空压机处于 所述喘振状态时，打开所述第一通路(31)，以使所述离心式空压机输出的部分所述空气进入所述氮氧分离装置(34)，并开启所述氮氧分离装置(34)；
    使所述氮氧分离装置(34)输出的氧气由所述第三通路(33)通入所述第一气路中，并在检测机构检测所述离心式空压机不处于所述喘振状态时，关闭所述第一通路(31)。
PCT/CN2022/113054 2021-08-25 2022-08-17 一种燃料电池的供气系统及供气方法 WO2023025001A1 (zh)

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