WO2005110201A1 - 内視鏡および内視鏡装置 - Google Patents
内視鏡および内視鏡装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005110201A1 WO2005110201A1 PCT/JP2005/008483 JP2005008483W WO2005110201A1 WO 2005110201 A1 WO2005110201 A1 WO 2005110201A1 JP 2005008483 W JP2005008483 W JP 2005008483W WO 2005110201 A1 WO2005110201 A1 WO 2005110201A1
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- optical system
- solid
- objective optical
- conditional expression
- endoscope
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
- A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
- A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
- A61B1/00096—Optical elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
- A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
- G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
- G02B23/2407—Optical details
- G02B23/2423—Optical details of the distal end
- G02B23/243—Objectives for endoscopes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an endoscope and an endoscope apparatus, and more particularly to an electronic endoscope provided with a fixed focus type imaging unit including an objective optical system and a solid-state imaging device.
- An endoscope provided with a so-called fixed focus type imaging unit in which a solid-state imaging device is fixed at an image position of an objective optical system and has no moving part can reduce the cost because the structure of the imaging unit can be simplified and reduced. Also, it is advantageous in that the outer diameter of the endoscope insertion part is reduced and the length of the rigid part at the tip is shortened. Also, since there is no need for focusing, the user can concentrate on the operation of the endoscope, which makes it easy to handle, and is widely used in various fields such as medical and industrial use.
- An endoscope equipped with such a fixed-focus type imaging unit observes the distal end of the endoscope insertion section, performs an operation of guiding to a site, and selects a desired observation site while viewing a wide range!
- the focus position is set so that a clear image can be obtained even in a distant view (for example, about 50 to 100 mm for a general medical endoscope) so as to obtain a loose screen.
- the object distance at which a clear image can be obtained when the distance between the end of the endoscope insertion portion and the subject is short is generally about 5 to 10 mm.
- An endoscope provided with a zoom-type imaging unit has a short focal length! / At almost the same wide end as an endoscope provided with a fixed-focus type imaging unit. Depth of field can be obtained. Therefore, in this case, the same use as the endoscope provided with the fixed focus type imaging unit can be performed.
- the focal depth At the telephoto end where the focal length is long, the focal depth is wide. Since it is closer to the near point (shallower) than the edge, the focus is out of focus in a distant view (50 to: about LOOmm).
- the range in focus that is, the depth of field of the objective optical system becomes very narrow at the time of magnifying observation at the telephoto end. There are problems when it becomes difficult to handle endoscopes.
- the endoscope provided with the above-mentioned zoom type imaging unit a mechanism for moving the variator lens is required, so that the size of the imaging unit is larger than that of the fixed focus type imaging unit.
- An endoscope provided with this has a problem that the outer diameter of the insertion portion becomes large.
- the structure including the mechanism for moving the noriator is complicated, and the number of components is increased. Therefore, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost is higher than that of the fixed focus type imaging unit.
- the endoscope provided with the above-described zoom-type imaging unit
- the treatment tool enters the field of view because the viewing angle becomes narrow at the tele end. Therefore, it is necessary to operate the noriator lens on the wide side to increase the observation distance and perform the treatment. That is, the operator must perform an operation of guiding the end of the endoscope insertion portion to a desired position, a zooming operation, and an operation of the treatment tool. Therefore, there is a problem that the operation becomes very complicated.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to enable observation of a distant view, perform screening and magnified observation, and smoothly approach an area. It is possible to perform magnified observation in close proximity to the subject to a site of about 3 to 4 mm without performing complicated operations such as zooming, and perform treatment with a treatment tool while performing magnified observation.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an endoscope and an endoscope apparatus which can be performed and can contribute to reduction of manufacturing cost while suppressing increase in the outer diameter of the insertion portion.
- an endoscope includes an objective optical system and a fixed-focus type imaging unit including a color solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel.
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 4 mm and the MTF and force on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 50 mm are 10% or more.
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is arranged at a certain position.
- the endoscope apparatus of the present invention includes a solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is provided for each pixel and satisfies the conditional expression (1), and satisfies the conditional expressions (2) and (3).
- An endoscope including a fixed focus type imaging unit constituted by an objective optical system, and an imaging unit And a display means for displaying an image obtained by the imaging unit, wherein a range on the object side of the imaging unit having a resolution of 25 lines or more at the center of the image displayed on the display means is indicated by dl, and Assuming that the range on the object side of the imaging unit where the resolution at the center of the image displayed on the means is 2 or more Zmm is d2, from the most object side surface of the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit 3.
- the object point on the optical axis at 5 mm is included in both dl and d2, and the object point on the optical axis 50 mm from the most object side surface of the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit is d2
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is arranged in the vicinity of the imaging position of the objective optical system so as to be included only in the imaging optical system.
- the endoscope apparatus forms an image of an object with the objective optical system satisfying the conditional expressions (2) and (3), and the vicinity of the imaging plane of the objective optical system
- a fixed-focus type imaging unit in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel and an image signal is obtained by a solid-state image sensor that satisfies the conditional expression (1), and an image signal sent from the solid-state image sensor is processed.
- An endoscope device having a circuit system the endoscope device has a resolution of 35 ⁇ m or more when the distance force from the objective optical system to the object is mm, and the endoscope device has a resolution from the objective optical system to the object. It is characterized by having a resolution of 0.45 mm or more when the distance is 50 mm.
- the endoscope of the present invention is an endoscope provided with a fixed focus type imaging unit composed of an objective optical system and a solid-state imaging device that generates a luminance signal for each pixel.
- the imaging unit is
- Effective MTF of the objective optical system Consists of an objective optical system that satisfies the F-number.
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is arranged at a position where both the MTF and the force on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (2 XP) at an object distance of 50 mm are 10% or more.
- the endoscope apparatus provides a solid-state imaging device in which a luminance signal is generated for each pixel and satisfies the conditional expression (4), the conditional expression (5) and the conditional expression (6)
- An endoscope including at least a fixed focus type imaging unit constituted by an objective optical system satisfying the following conditions: and an display means for displaying an image acquired by the imaging unit.
- the range on the object side of the imaging unit in which the resolution at the center of the image displayed on the display means is 25 lines or more is dl, and the center of the image displayed on the display means (on the optical axis)
- the distance on the optical axis 3.5 mm from the most object side surface of the objective optical system that composes the imaging unit is The object point is included in both dl and d2, and the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is arranged near the imaging position of the objective optical system so that the object point on the optical axis located 50 mm from the most object side surface is included only in d2.
- the endoscope apparatus forms an image of an object with the objective optical system satisfying the conditional expressions (5) and (6), and the vicinity of the imaging plane of the objective optical system
- a fixed-focus imaging unit that obtains an image signal with a solid-state image sensor that satisfies Condition (4) and a color filter is arranged for each pixel, and processes the image signal sent from the solid-state image sensor
- This endoscope apparatus has a resolution of 35 ⁇ m or more when the distance from the objective optical system to the object is 111111, and has a resolution of 35 ⁇ m or more from the objective optical system to the object. It is characterized by having a resolution of 0.45 mm or more when the distance is 50 mm.
- the image of the object is an Airy disk which is a diffraction image of the circular aperture.
- the diffraction images overlap and the intensity distribution is as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an intensity distribution on a straight line passing through the intensity centers of the two diffraction images.
- the horizontal axis represents distance (unit: mm), and the vertical axis represents intensity (arbitrary unit). ! / Puru.
- Rayleigh person's name
- the intensity distribution of the diffraction image is such that a valley having an intensity of 74% with respect to the vertex remains. (From Asakura Shoten's "Optical Technology Handbook”)
- two points placed in front of the objective optical system 5 disposed at the distal end of the insertion section of the endoscope 4 are connected to the horizontal plane on the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- An image is picked up so that two point images are aligned in the direction (that is, two point images are horizontally aligned on the screen of the monitor 7), and the output signal from the circuit 6 that processes the image signal from the solid-state imaging device 1 is output.
- Capture with an oscilloscope 9 and measure the intensity distribution of the two point images. At this time, the minimum distance between two points to be “resolved” is defined as “resolution”.
- the two points may be replaced by a black and white line pair arranged in the horizontal direction.
- “resolution” refers to a value obtained by the above method.
- FIG. 6 a black-and-white line pair placed in front of the objective optical system 5 arranged at the distal end of the insertion section of the endoscope 4 is represented by white and black lines in the horizontal direction on the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- An image is taken in such a manner that the bands are arranged side by side, and is displayed on a monitor 7 through a circuit system 6 for processing an image signal sent from the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the black-and-white intensity distribution obtained on the screen of the monitor 7 is as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a signal waveform when a horizontal image signal output from the monitor 7 is captured by an oscilloscope (not shown in FIG. 6), and the horizontal axis represents the monitor screen.
- the horizontal axis represents the horizontal position
- the vertical axis represents the signal strength.
- the resolving power is expressed as the reciprocal of the width of the black and white line pair when the above-mentioned contrast I is 10%. Define.
- MTF means d-line (wavelength: 587.6 nm), e-line (wavelength: 546.lnm)
- F-line (wavelength 486. lnm) means the average value of MTF at each wavelength.
- the endoscope apparatus mainly includes an endoscope 4, a circuit system 6 for processing image signals, and an image display monitor 7.
- An image captured by an imaging unit including the objective optical system 5 and the solid-state imaging device 1 is processed by a circuit system 6 that processes an image signal, and is displayed on an image display monitor 7.
- the “display area” of the solid-state imaging device 1 refers to an area on the solid-state imaging device 1 corresponding to the range displayed on the image display monitor 7 described above.
- the display area 3 formed on the effective pixel area 2 of the solid-state imaging device 1 as shown in FIG. It has a similar shape.
- the display range on the image display monitor 7 is limited by the circumferential shape only in the left-right direction, as shown in FIG.
- the formed display area 3 also has the same shape.
- the effective pixel area 2 of the solid-state imaging device 1 corresponding to the shape of the display unit of the image display monitor 7 is the display area.
- IH indicates the distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state imaging device 1 to the farthest position. This is generally called image height.
- the object image from Xb to ⁇ can be regarded as focused and ⁇ . That is, the range until the diameter of the circle of confusion coincides with ⁇ can be defined as the depth of field on the near point side.
- Xb is the best distance
- Xn is the distance to the near point of depth of field
- Xf is the distance to the far point of depth of field
- ⁇ is the allowable circle of confusion
- F is the focal length of the optical system
- F1 is the effective distance of the optical system.
- the F number is Fno.
- conditional expressions (1) and (4) define the conditions of the solid-state imaging device to be used in the present invention, and the condition of the solid-state imaging device with respect to the maximum image height is specified.
- the range in which the ratio of the pixel pitch should be is shown.
- the permissible circle of confusion ⁇ is proportional to the pixel pitch of the solid-state imaging device. Therefore, the larger the value of ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the smaller ⁇ with respect to the image height ⁇ . Therefore, if the value of ⁇ becomes too large, a wide depth of field cannot be obtained, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved.
- a solid-state imaging device satisfying conditional expression (1) is used. It is desirable.
- conditional expressions (2) and (5) define the focal length of the objective optical system combined with the solid-state imaging device defined by the conditional expressions (1) and (4). are doing.
- An imaging unit in which an imaging surface of a solid-state imaging device is arranged near an imaging surface of an objective optical system, and an endoscope device including a circuit system for processing an image signal sent from the solid-state imaging device.
- an endoscope device including a circuit system for processing an image signal sent from the solid-state imaging device.
- the imaging magnification ⁇ of the object arranged at the object distance X by the optical system is
- the distance KP on the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is KPZ ⁇ on the object side.
- F1 is the above conditional expression (2) and conditional expression (5) If the lower limit of the range is exceeded, the value of the resolution R becomes too large at the closest point Xn within the depth of field.
- the object of the present invention cannot be achieved because the object becomes invisible.
- an objective optical system having a focal length that satisfies the above conditional expression (2) with respect to the pixel pitch P is used. It is desirable to use.
- an objective optical system having a focal length that satisfies the above conditional expression (5) with respect to the pixel pitch P is used. It is desirable to use.
- conditional expressions (3) and (6) represent the effective F-number of the objective optical system combined with the solid-state imaging device defined by the above conditional expressions (1) and (4). Is specified.
- an objective optical system having an effective F-number that satisfies the above conditional expression (3) with respect to the pixel pitch P It is desirable to use
- an imaging unit using a solid-state imaging device that generates a luminance signal for each pixel is provided.
- conditional expressions (1), (2), and (3) are conditional expressions (1) ′, (2) ′, (3) ) ′ Is more preferable because the balance between the magnification and the resolution of the imaging unit is good.
- conditional expressions (4), (5), and (6) are conditional expressions (4) ′, (5) ′, and (6) ′. It is more preferable that the configuration is such that the imaging unit has a good balance between the magnification and the resolution.
- the endoscope according to the present invention includes a solid-state imaging device and an objective optical system satisfying the above-mentioned conditions, but the position of the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device arranged near the imaging surface of the objective optical system is required. Also need to be specified.
- the spatial frequency is 1Z (3 XP) at a spatial frequency of 1 mm (3 XP) when the imaging surface of the solid-state image sensor and the optical axis of the object optical system are perpendicular and the object distance is 4 mm.
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (2 XP) is 10% or more, the diameter of the confusion circle is allowable. Since it can be regarded as within the depth of field without exceeding the diameter of the circle of confusion, the spatial frequency is 1Z (2 XP) at a spatial frequency of 1 mm (2 XP) when the imaging surface of the solid-state image sensor and the optical axis of the objective optical system are perpendicular and the object distance is 4 mm.
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device at a position where both the MTF on the optical axis of the object and the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (2 XP) at an object distance of 50 mm are 10% or more.
- a combination of a color solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel that satisfies the conditional expressions (1), (2), and (3) and the objective optical system or
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is composed of a combination of a solid-state imaging device and an objective optical system that generates a luminance signal for each pixel that satisfies conditional expressions (4), (5), and (6).
- the optical axis of the objective optical system is perpendicular to the optical axis and the resolution on the optical axis (image center) is 25 lines or more on the object side where the resolution is 25 mm or more, and the resolution on the optical axis (image center) is 2 lines Zmm
- the range on the object side is d2
- the object point 3.5 mm from the tip of the objective optical system on the optical axis is included in both dl and d2. It is desirable to arrange the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device at a position where the object point 50 mm from the front end surface of the system is included only in d2.
- the object side force at the position of 50mm The range on the object side where the resolving power is two or more Zmm
- a combination of a color solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel that satisfies the conditional expressions (1), (2), and (3) and an objective optical system or
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is composed of a combination of a solid-state imaging device and an objective optical system that generates a luminance signal for each pixel that satisfies conditional expressions (4), (5), and (6).
- the solid-state imaging device has a resolution of 35 m or more, and when the object distance is 50 mm, it has a resolution of 0.45 mm or more. It is desirable to arrange the imaging surface of the image element.
- a resolution of 0.45 mm or more enables a clear image to be obtained even when observing a distant view.
- the operation of guiding the end of the endoscope insertion portion to the site to be observed can be easily performed.
- a treatment tool such as a biopsy forceps
- the treatment channel When a treatment tool such as a biopsy forceps is protruded through the treatment channel to a distance of 4 mm from the distal end of the endoscope insertion portion, at least a part of the treatment tool enters the field of view of the imaging unit.
- the imaging unit and the treatment channel By arranging the imaging unit and the treatment channel in this way, it becomes possible to perform tissue sampling while observing the fine structure of the living tissue. Thereby, the treatment accuracy of the lesion can be improved.
- the endoscope according to the present invention has the following effects.
- the outer diameter of the insertion section can be made smaller because the imaging unit has no moving parts.
- the treatment tool enters the field of view while observing the enlarged image, so it is possible to perform highly accurate treatment
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a display area of a solid-state imaging device.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a display area of another solid-state imaging device.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a configuration of an endoscope device.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the definition of resolution.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a method for measuring a resolution.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a measuring method with another resolution.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the definition of resolution.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view of an objective optical system according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the imaging unit of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a view of the endoscope insertion portion of Example 1 of the present invention viewed from the front end.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an endoscope insertion section according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an objective optical system according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a sectional view of an objective optical system according to Example 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a sectional view of an objective optical system according to Example 4 of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a sectional view of an objective optical system according to Example 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the objective optical system of Conventional Example 1.
- FIG. 17 is a sectional view of an objective optical system according to Conventional Example 2.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a solid-state imaging device in which pixels are arranged with a 1Z2 horizontal pitch shift for each line in the horizontal direction.
- IH is the maximum image height
- P is the pixel pitch of the solid-state imaging device
- F1 is the focal length of the objective optical system
- Fno is the aperture ratio
- 2 ⁇ is the viewing angle
- R is the radius of curvature of each lens surface
- D is The thickness and spacing of each lens
- Ne is the refractive index at the e-line
- Vd is the Abbe number.
- Solid-state image sensor that generates a luminance signal for each pixel
- FIG. 16 shows a cross-sectional view of the objective optical system of Conventional Example 1.
- Conventional example 1 is an example of a conventional endoscope apparatus using a solid-state imaging device that generates a luminance signal for each pixel.
- the maximum resolving power is 24 Zmm at an object distance of 3. Omm, and has a range where the resolving power is 25 Zmm or more.
- the range on the object side where the resolving power on the optical axis is two or more Zmm is 0 to 33 mm.
- the resolution is 49 ⁇ m, and when the object distance is 50 mm, the resolution is 0.57 mm.
- the depth of field is 3. Omm to infinity ( ⁇ ).
- Conventional example 1 is a case where the value falls below the range defined by conditional expressions (4) and (5). In this case, although the depth of field can be widened, when compared at the same object distance, the resolution is lower than that of the endoscope apparatus according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of the objective optical system of Conventional Example 2.
- Conventional example 2 is an example of a conventional endoscope apparatus using a color solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel.
- the range on the object side with a resolution of 25 lines or more on the optical axis is 5.8 to 8. Omm, and the range on the object side with a resolution of 2 lines or more on the optical axis is 0 to LOOmm. .
- the object distance of 4 mm is outside the depth of field. When the object distance is 50 mm, the resolution is 0.25 mm. Depth of field is 6.5-50mm.
- Conventional example 2 is a case where the range exceeds the range defined by the conditional expressions (1) and (2).
- the resolution is higher than that of the endoscope according to the present invention, but the depth of field is narrower, so that the subject becomes out of focus when approaching the subject.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the objective optical system of the first embodiment.
- Example 1 is an example of a medical endoscope apparatus using a color solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel.
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 4mm is 12.6%
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 50mm is 10.8%. so is there.
- the range on the object side with a resolution of 25 lines or more on the optical axis is 3.2 to 5.5 mm, and the range on the object side with a resolution of 2 lines or more on the optical axis is 0 to 80 mm. is there.
- the resolution is 29 ⁇ m, and when the object distance is 50 mm, the resolution is 0.3 lmm.
- the endoscope apparatus satisfies the following conditions.
- the solid-state imaging device satisfies the conditional expression (1) )
- the objective optical system satisfies conditional expressions (2) and (3), and the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 4 mm and the object
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is arranged at a position where the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at a distance of 50 mm is 10% or more.
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- the endoscope apparatus satisfies the following conditions.
- an endoscope apparatus provided with at least an endoscope including a fixed focus type imaging unit and a display unit for displaying an image acquired by the imaging unit
- the imaging unit has a color filter for each pixel.
- a solid-state image sensor that satisfies conditional expression (1) and an objective optical system that satisfies conditional expressions (2) and (3).
- Dl is the range on the object side of the imaging unit having a resolution of at least 25 Zmm
- dl is the range on the object side of the imaging unit having a resolution of 2 Zmm or more at the center of the image displayed on the display means.
- Is d2 the most of the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit
- the object point on the optical axis located 3.5 mm from the object-side surface is included in both dl and d2, and is located 50 mm from the most object-side surface of the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit.
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is arranged near the imaging position of the objective optical system so that the object point is included only in d2.
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- the endoscope apparatus satisfies the following conditions.
- a fixed-focus imaging system in which an image of an object is formed by an objective optical system and an image signal is obtained by a solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel in the vicinity of the imaging surface of the objective optical system
- the solid-state imaging device satisfies conditional expression (1)
- the objective optical system satisfies conditional expression (2). Satisfies condition (3) and has a resolution of 35 ⁇ m or more when the distance from the objective optical system to the object is mm, and a resolution of 0.45 mm or more when the distance from the objective optical system to the object is 50 mm Having.
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- Fno Effective F number of objective optical system
- the distal end portion of the endoscope has a configuration as shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 10 is a front view of the distal end face of the endoscope insertion portion.
- the center of the treatment channel is located at the location.
- the half angle of view ⁇ in this direction is 59.2 °
- the ray height H of the first lens surface (the surface closest to the object) of the objective optical system is 1. Olmm
- the endoscope apparatus according to the first embodiment satisfies the following conditions.
- the endoscope insertion section is further provided with a treatment tool communication channel, and the endoscope insertion section is processed up to a distance of 4 mm from the distal end of the endoscope insertion section.
- the imaging unit and the treatment tool communication channel are arranged such that at least a portion of the treatment tool is within the field of view of the imaging unit when the treatment tool is projected through the placement channel.
- the far point side of the depth of field is 60 mm
- the near point side of the depth of field is 3.7 mm.
- the near point has a resolution of 3.7 mm and a resolution of 28 m, and it is possible to observe enlarged pit patterns of the large intestine.
- the operation of the scope is easy because the operation of zooming like an endoscope provided with a zoom-type imaging unit is unnecessary.
- the imaging unit does not have a movable part, the outer diameter of the insertion unit is smaller than in an endoscope having a zoom-type imaging unit, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the treatment tool enters the field of view while observing the enlarged image, highly accurate treatment can be performed.
- the first embodiment also satisfies conditional expressions (1) ′, (2) ′, and (3) ′.
- the endoscope according to Example 1 has a resolution of 28 m at an object distance of 3.7 mm.
- the horizontal width of the display area of the solid-state image sensor is 2.4 mm and the horizontal width of the image shown on the monitor is 320 mm, the magnification on the monitor will be 45 times, and the operation will be as follows. Since the balance between the distance o, the resolution, and the magnification becomes very good, it is more preferable.
- FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of the objective optical system of the second embodiment.
- an endoscope using a color solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel is used. It is an example of a mirror device.
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 4mm is 15.4%
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 50mm is 13.9%. It is.
- the range on the object side where the resolution on the optical axis is 25 lines or more is 2.9 to 4.9mm, and the range on the object side when the resolution on the optical axis is 2 lines or more is 0 to 80mm.
- the resolution is 32 ⁇ m, and when the object distance is 50 mm, the resolution is 0.34 mm.
- the endoscope device satisfies the following conditions.
- the solid-state imaging device has a conditional expression (1 ),
- the objective optical system satisfies conditional expressions (2) and (3), and the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 4 mm and the object
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is arranged at a position where the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at a distance of 50 mm is 10% or more.
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- the endoscope apparatus satisfies the following conditions.
- an endoscope apparatus provided with at least an endoscope including a fixed focus type imaging unit and a display means for displaying an image acquired by the imaging unit
- the imaging unit has a color filter for each pixel.
- a solid-state image sensor that satisfies conditional expression (1) and an objective optical system that satisfies conditional expression (2) and conditional expression (3).
- Dl is the range on the object side of the imaging unit whose resolution in the heart is 25 lines or more, and the object side of the imaging unit is 2 lines or more in the center of the image displayed on the display means.
- the object point on the optical axis at 3.5 mm from the most object-side surface of the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit is included in both dl and d2, and
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is located near the imaging position of the objective optical system so that the object point 50 mm from the most object side surface of the objective optical system that constitutes the unit is included only in d2. .
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- the endoscope apparatus according to the second embodiment satisfies the following conditions.
- an image of an object is formed by the objective optical system, and an image signal is acquired by a solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel in the vicinity of the image forming plane of the objective optical system.
- the solid-state imaging device satisfies conditional expression (1)
- the objective optical system satisfies conditional expression (2). Satisfies condition (3) and has a resolution of 35 ⁇ m or more when the distance from the objective optical system to the object is mm, and a resolution of 0.45 mm or more when the distance from the objective optical system to the object is 50 mm Having.
- Embodiment 2 is characterized in that the viewing angle is 162.6 ° and a wide range can be observed at a time. Therefore, for example, when used as a medical endoscope device, it has a wide field of view in the distant view and is suitable for screening of lesions.In addition, a 3.2 mm resolution of 28 ⁇ m can be obtained, and An endoscope apparatus capable of performing enlarged observation of a pit pattern or the like can be configured.
- FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view of the objective optical system of the third embodiment.
- Example 3 is an example of an endoscope apparatus using a color solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel.
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 4 mm is 9.2%
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 50 mm is 10.6%.
- the range on the object side with a resolution of 25 lines or more on the optical axis is 3.7 to 6. Omm, and the range on the object side with a resolution of 2 lines or more on the optical axis is 0 to 85mm.
- the resolution is 30 ⁇ m, and when the object distance is 50 mm, the resolution is 0.28 mm.
- the endoscope apparatus satisfies the following conditions.
- an image of an object is formed by the objective optical system, and an image signal is obtained by a solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel in the vicinity of the image forming plane of the objective optical system.
- the solid-state imaging device satisfies conditional expression (1)
- the objective optical system satisfies conditional expression (2). Satisfies condition (3) and has a resolution of 35 ⁇ m or more when the distance from the objective optical system to the object is mm, and a resolution of 0.45 mm or more when the distance from the objective optical system to the object is 50 mm Having.
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- Fno . Effective F number of objective optical system
- each parameter of IHZP, Fl / P, and Fno is a parameter of IHZP, Fl / P, and Fno.
- the depth of field on the near point side is 4.2 mm and it is slightly difficult to approach
- the resolution of 27 m is obtained at 4.2 mm, and the object according to the present invention is achieved. Can be sufficiently satisfied.
- the number of pixels of the solid-state imaging device is relatively large, a high-definition image can be obtained.
- FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of the objective optical system of the fourth embodiment.
- Example 4 is an example of an endoscope apparatus using a color solid-state imaging device in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel.
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 4 mm is 24.8%
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 50 mm is 11.5%. It is.
- the range on the object side with a resolution of 25 lines or more on the optical axis is 3.2 to 3.9 mm, and the range on the object side with a resolution of 2 lines or more on the optical axis is 0 to 55 mm.
- the resolution is 38 ⁇ m, and when the object distance is 50 mm, the resolution is 0.47 mm.
- the endoscope device satisfies the following conditions.
- the solid-state imaging device is defined by a conditional expression (1).
- the objective optical system satisfies conditional expressions (2) and (3), and the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at an object distance of 4 mm and the object
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is arranged at a position where the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (3 XP) at a distance of 50 mm is 10% or more.
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- the endoscope apparatus satisfies the following conditions.
- an endoscope apparatus including at least an endoscope including a fixed focus type imaging unit and a display unit for displaying an image acquired by the imaging unit
- the imaging unit has a color filter for each pixel.
- a solid-state imaging device that is arranged and satisfies conditional expression (1); Dl, the range on the object side of the imaging unit, in which the resolution at the center of the image displayed on the display means is 25 mm or more, which is composed of an objective optical system that satisfies Condition (3) and Assuming that the range on the object side of the imaging unit in which the resolution at the center of the image displayed on the means is 2 or more Zmm is d2, the distance from the most object side surface of the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit is 3
- the object point on the optical axis at 5 mm is included in both dl and d2, and the object point 50 mm from the most object side surface of the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit is only at d2.
- the imaging plane of the solid-state imaging device is
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- Embodiment 4 is an example in which the parameter forces of IHZP, Fl / P, and Fno. Are near the lower limit within the ranges defined in the conditional expressions (1), (2), and (3).
- the endoscope apparatus according to the fourth embodiment can obtain a resolution of 32 / zm at 3.3 mm.
- the resolution according to the present invention is slightly lower, but the object of the present invention can be sufficiently satisfied.
- the number of pixels of the solid-state imaging device can be relatively small, it is easy to perform a small diameter reduction of the outer diameter of the endoscope insertion portion, a shortening of a hard distal end, and the like. Is advantageous.
- Solid-state image sensor that generates a luminance signal for each pixel
- FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional view of the objective optical system of the fifth embodiment.
- Example 5 is an example of an endoscope apparatus using a solid-state imaging device that generates a luminance signal for each pixel.
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (2 XP) at an object distance of 4mm is 14.3%
- the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (2 XP) at an object distance of 50mm is 11.6%. It is.
- the range on the object side with a resolution of 25 lines or more on the optical axis is 3.2 to 5.5 mm, and the range on the object side with a resolution of 2 lines or more on the optical axis is 0 to 80 mm.
- the endoscope device satisfies the following conditions.
- the solid-state imaging device satisfies conditional expression (4).
- the objective optical system satisfies conditional expressions (5) and (6), and the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (2 XP) at an object distance of 4 mm and the object optical system at an object distance of 50 mm
- the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device is placed at a position where the MTF on the optical axis at a spatial frequency of 1Z (2 XP) is 10% or more.
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- the endoscope apparatus satisfies the following conditions.
- an endoscope apparatus including at least an endoscope including a fixed focus type imaging unit and display means for displaying an image obtained by the imaging unit!
- the imaging unit is composed of a solid-state imaging device that generates a luminance signal for each pixel and satisfies conditional expression (4), and an objective optical system that satisfies conditional expressions (5) and (6).
- the range on the object side of the imaging unit where the resolving power at the center of the image displayed on the means is 25 lines or more is d1, and the resolving power at the center of the image displayed on the display means is 2 lines or more.
- the object point on the optical axis at 3.5 mm from the most object side surface of the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit is the difference between dl and d2.
- the object point included in both, and located 50 mm from the most object-side surface of the objective optical system that constitutes the imaging unit, is included only in d2 so that the solid-state imaging device is located near the imaging position of the objective optical system.
- the image plane is located.
- Conditional expression (4) 200 ⁇ IH / P ⁇ 360
- Conditional expression (5) 200 ⁇ F1 / P ⁇ 360
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- the endoscope apparatus according to the fifth embodiment satisfies the following conditions.
- a fixed focus type in which an image of an object is formed by an objective optical system and an image signal is obtained by a solid-state imaging device in which a luminance signal is generated for each pixel in the vicinity of the image forming plane of the objective optical system.
- the solid-state imaging device satisfies conditional expression (4), and the objective optical system satisfies conditional expression (5) Satisfies condition (6) and has a resolution of 35 ⁇ m or more when the distance from the objective optical system to the object is mm, and a resolution of 0.45 mm or more when the distance from the objective optical system to the object is 50 mm Having.
- IH Distance from the center of the display area of the solid-state image sensor to the farthest position [mm]
- F1 Focal length of objective optical system [mm]
- the endoscope device uses a solid-state imaging device in which a luminance signal is generated for each pixel. Therefore, by devising illumination light and a filter in the objective optical system, fluorescence observation and fluorescence observation can be easily performed. It can be used for special light observations such as infrared light observation and narrow band light observation!
- the endoscope apparatus includes a solid-state imaging device in which a luminance signal is generated for each pixel. Since an element is used, an imaging unit having the same specifications can be configured with a smaller number of pixels than an endoscope using a color solid-state imaging element in which a color filter is arranged for each pixel. For this reason, we have performed small-diameter shading on the outer diameter of the endoscope insertion section and shortened hard-tip length! This is advantageous in that it is easy.
- the pixel pitch in the horizontal direction can be converted to the pixel pitch P in the horizontal direction by the following calculation formula, so that the present invention can be applied to the endoscope and the endoscope apparatus of the present invention. Can be.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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EP05739136.9A EP1757220B1 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-10 | Endoscope and endoscope device |
US11/595,278 US7789823B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2006-11-09 | Endoscope and endoscope apparatus |
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JP2004145578A JP3967337B2 (ja) | 2004-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | 内視鏡および内視鏡装置 |
JP2004-145578 | 2004-05-14 |
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US11/595,278 Continuation US7789823B2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2006-11-09 | Endoscope and endoscope apparatus |
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2005
- 2005-05-10 WO PCT/JP2005/008483 patent/WO2005110201A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-05-10 CN CNB2005800155548A patent/CN100496381C/zh active Active
- 2005-05-10 EP EP05739136.9A patent/EP1757220B1/en active Active
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2006
- 2006-11-09 US US11/595,278 patent/US7789823B2/en active Active
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JPH10216077A (ja) * | 1996-12-06 | 1998-08-18 | Toshiba Corp | 内視鏡装置 |
JP2000267002A (ja) * | 1999-03-15 | 2000-09-29 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 光学系 |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8773765B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2014-07-08 | Olympus Medical Systems Corp. | Endoscope apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005323874A (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
US7789823B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 |
EP1757220A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
US20070055100A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
CN100496381C (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
EP1757220B1 (en) | 2015-10-21 |
EP1757220A4 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
JP3967337B2 (ja) | 2007-08-29 |
CN1953698A (zh) | 2007-04-25 |
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