WO2005086495A1 - フィルタおよび動画カメラ - Google Patents
フィルタおよび動画カメラ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005086495A1 WO2005086495A1 PCT/JP2005/004171 JP2005004171W WO2005086495A1 WO 2005086495 A1 WO2005086495 A1 WO 2005086495A1 JP 2005004171 W JP2005004171 W JP 2005004171W WO 2005086495 A1 WO2005086495 A1 WO 2005086495A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/12—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with one sensor only
Definitions
- the present invention has an improved spectral filter used in a camera device, which is arranged in front of an image sensor such as a CCD imaging device, and has a color gamut equal to the color gamut of a person configured using the filter.
- an image sensor such as a CCD imaging device
- a spectral filter is arranged in front of the CCD so as to correspond to the CCD.
- the CCD camera is described in Non-Patent Document 1 “Introduction to CCD Camera Technology” written by Hiroo Takemura, Corona (1997), or other general literature.
- These filters are placed, for example, in front of the CCD photocathode corresponding to the three primary colors of red, green and blue, and have respective red, green and blue spectral characteristics.
- the filters disperse the light on each of the red, green, and blue optical path channels, pass only the corresponding components, and input them to the photocathode of each CCD image sensor.
- a wide color gamut video camera includes a lens system, a light beam splitter, four color filters, four optical sensors, and an arithmetic processing unit. .
- the lens system forms the incident light from the target object on the surface of the optical sensor via a light beam splitter, and generates an inverted image on a photoelectric conversion surface of a sensor such as a CCD.
- the color filters pass light beams of different wavelength ranges and wavelength ranges equal to the XYZ spectral characteristics defined on the CIE chromaticity diagram.
- the attenuations of the light beams entering the respective color filters are equal to each other.
- sensors such as CCDs perform photoelectric conversion on the incident light and form a projection image corresponding to the target object on the photoelectric conversion surface.
- Sensors such as CCDs are wide and have sufficient sensitivity characteristics to the color gamut. Let's say.
- the image signals of the real images in the color gamut corresponding to the different color filters obtained by the sensor powers of four CCDs and the like are respectively input to the arithmetic processing unit.
- the processing unit operates at high speed and obtains a chromaticity value for the color of the target object in real time.
- the calculation by the arithmetic processing unit is described in, for example, A. N. Netravali and B. G. Haskell, “Digital Images” (Plenum Press, 1988), Chapter 1: Numerical Representation of Visual Information (AN Netravali and B) u. Hasell, Digital Pictures, Plenum Press, 1988, chapter 1: Numerical Representation of Visual Information). In other words, this is the color matching function obtained when the three primary color wavelengths are 700.Onm (R), 546.lnm (G), and 435.8 nm (B) based on the human luminosity characteristics.
- a processing device In a camera device, it is ideal to match the spectral characteristics of each filter to the calculated values. The problem is that it is difficult in reality.
- the reference white color was D65, and the database was all data except for the “calib” category of the SOCS database (see Non-Patent Document 3). Table 2 shows the results. From this, it can be seen that if it is shifted by lnm or more, it will not be within the “3rd class color difference”.
- Class 2 (Practical color difference a) 1.2 Most people can easily recognize color difference when judging side by side
- Class 4 5.0 Appears to be almost the same when compared over time
- the color represented by the camera signal exactly matches the color of the target object.
- No camera capable of capturing such a characteristic has been produced. That is, the output signal of the camera used in the image system widely used at present is processed and output so that the color gamut is equal to the color gamut of the display. Therefore, if the color of the target object is outside the color gamut of the display, it is converted to a color within the color gamut and output. Therefore, colors outside the color gamut of the display cannot be extracted as accurate signals. Furthermore, even if the color of the target object is within the color gamut, it is output to the display as a color signal different from the original color of the target object.
- the camera is composed mainly of a light receiving unit composed of a light collector, a spectroscope, and a plurality of light receivers.
- the light that has entered the light receiving unit is collected by a concentrator consisting of a lens system, and is split into a plurality of wavelength ranges by a spectroscope consisting of a spectral filter.
- the signals in each wavelength range are converted to the three primary colors of RGB through multiple receivers.
- multiple photodetectors are placed on a single silicon substrate chip in a two-dimensional matrix.
- JP-A-2002-54994 “Imaging device, imaging display system and imaging printing system” can be cited.
- a spherical lens and a waveguide are used as a light collector to efficiently output incident light to a spectroscope.
- the spectroscope uses a diffraction grating, a prism, a photonic crystal, or a film filter composed of an oxide film, a dielectric film, a polymer film, or the like.
- the multiple photodetectors are configured using a CCD imaging device composed of a single silicon substrate chip.
- the spectroscope divides the chromaticity range into four regions and eleven regions on the CIE chromaticity diagram to determine the color of the target object, and outputs a color signal different from the original color of the target object to the display side.
- Such a multi-band wide color gamut camera that is currently realized specifically acquires the color information of the target object using a large number of four or more color filters, and the spectral power of the object also indicates the color of the object. Is estimated.
- Such color estimation is not accurate because the spectral distribution of colors is different for natural and artificial objects.
- Another problem is that the amount of calculation for calculating the spectral information power of the color of the target object is very large.
- JP-A-6-261332 “Primary color conversion method for multi-primary color display” can be mentioned.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-261332 provides two arithmetic methods for converting a signal for displaying three primary colors into a signal for displaying multiple primary colors exceeding three primary colors.
- the determiner determines whether or not the input three primary colors are located at corresponding positions on the CIE chromaticity diagram.
- three colors are selected from among the multi-primary colors exceeding the three primary colors converted according to the determination result, and a linear combination thereof is generated by an arithmetic processing unit.
- a multi-primary signal exceeding the three primary colors converted by the determination result is obtained as a linear combination of the three primary colors by the arithmetic processing unit and output.
- Three colors are selected from the multi-primary signal.
- the output of the other colors becomes negative, the output is made zero and a correction signal is prepared, and the correction signal is added to the linear combination of the three primary color signals selected above. Output.
- these primary color conversion methods for multi-primary color display assuming values are given to the variables of the linear combination used in the arithmetic processing, unless a concrete basis and method for giving the variable values are actually specified. However, it cannot be practically used for a moving image camera. In addition, the real-time requirements of video cameras have not been met until now.
- the functions [r (), g (), b (e)] are the three stimulus values for a given three primary colors, for example, if the three primary wavelengths are 700.Onm (R), 546.lnm (G), 435.8 Color at 8nm (B)
- the matching function (r ( ⁇ ), g ( ⁇ ), b ( ⁇ )) represents the color gamut of a person
- G X X + Y Y + ZZ (3)
- B X X + Y Y + ZZ
- R GB and X, Y, Z are vectors.
- C, RGB and X, Y, Z are vectors. Basically
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-36937
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-54994
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-6-261332
- Non-patent Document 1 Hiroo Takemura, "Introduction to CCD Camera Technology", Corona, 1997
- Non-Patent Document 2 Japanese Society of Color Science: “New Edition of Color Science Handbook [2nd Edition]”, University of Tokyo Press, 1998
- Non-Patent Document 3 Japanese Standards Association: "TRX0012 Standard Object Spectral Database for Color Reproduction Evaluation (SOCS)", Japanese Standards Association, 1999
- Non-Patent Document 4 A. Netravali and BG Haskell, “Digital Images” (Plenum Press, 1988), Chapter 1: Numerical Representation of Visual Information (AN Netravali and BG Haskell, "Digital Pictures , Plenum Press, 1988, chapter 1: Numerical
- the problem to be solved is that a color difference in luminosity is recognized in the spectral characteristics of an actual filter as compared with a filter satisfying a router condition.
- the problem to be solved by the video camera according to the present invention is that, in the video camera, since the color gamut of a person is not equal to the color gamut of the camera, the color represented by the camera output signal matches the color of the object. The point is not.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a filter suitable for equalizing the color gamut of a person with the color gamut of a camera. Is to do.
- Still another object of the present invention is to use a filter according to the present applicant, which is suitable for equalizing the color gamut of a person and the color of a camera. Means to solve the problem to provide a video camera having a color gamut equal to the color gamut of a person that can be matched
- each spectral characteristic in a filter that satisfies the router condition, has a mountain shape having a single peak without a negative value, and a peak value of each spectral characteristic curve. This is a means for realizing the one that has the characteristics that are equivalently exchanged with each other and that minimizes the overlap between the spectral characteristic curves.
- the video camera according to the present invention is based on the spectral sensitivities obtained by linearly converting the XYZ color matching function defined by the CIE and the relationship shown in the following specific matrix.
- a color filter is provided, and the optical image that has passed through these color filters is converted into an electric signal by an optical sensor. This is a video camera that obtains the chromaticity value of the object!
- a moving image camera includes a lens system for forming an optical projection image inside by entering an optical real image from a target object, and a light beam incident from the lens system.
- a light beam splitter for obtaining a light output by dividing the light into three so as to have the same intensity, and a light beam splitter provided corresponding to the light output of the light beam splitter.
- Three color filters based on the spectral sensitivity obtained by linear conversion in the relationship described above, and are provided corresponding to the three color filters, and sequentially convert the optical image into an electric image by internal scanning.
- Optical sensors and the three optical sensors for And an arithmetic processing unit for receiving the output electric signal of the above and generating a video signal equal to the color gamut of a person.
- the moving image camera according to claim 4 of the present invention includes a lens system for entering an optical real image from a target object to form an optical projection image inside, and a light beam incident from the lens system.
- a first optical beam splitter for obtaining an optical output by dividing the light into three so as to have the same intensity, and an XYZ color matching function defined by the CIE and the specific matrix provided corresponding to the optical output of the optical beam splitter.
- the light An optical sensor for arranging the space division in pixel units or row units or column units corresponding to the disks, inputting the optical image of the optical output, and sequentially converting the optical image into an electric image; and An arithmetic processing unit for inputting an output electric signal, returning the space-divided electric signal to a video signal based on the spectral characteristics of SI, S2, and S3, and generating a video signal equal to a human color gamut; , Are provided.
- a moving image camera includes a lens system for forming an optical projection image internally by entering an optical real image from a target object, and a light output corresponding to the lens system.
- a microblock is formed in units of three pixels, spatially divided in units of the microblock, and the spectral sensitivity obtained by linearly converting the XYZ color matching function defined by the CIE and the relationship shown in the specific matrix.
- An optical sensor that is provided in close contact with three base color filters and a color filter that has a microblock corresponding to the spectral sensitivity, and sequentially converts an optical image to an electric image by internal scanning.
- the spectral characteristics of the obtained filter have no color difference in luminosity. Since this is not observed, no color difference is felt between different cameras, and the effect of improving color reproducibility is obtained.
- the moving image camera of the present invention extracts the spectral information by using three color filters to perform theoretical calculations. Since the color information can be obtained more accurately, there is an advantage that the moving image whose calculation amount is smaller than that obtained from the spectrum information can be easily displayed in real time with a video signal.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing ranges of g 1 and g 2 satisfying a condition 1 required for a spectral characteristic of a filter.
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing overall spectral characteristics obtained without performing correction according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing characteristics of three color filters according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the basic principle of a moving image camera having an equal U ⁇ color gamut in a human color gamut.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a first embodiment of a moving image camera using three color filters.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a second embodiment of the moving image camera using one color filter.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration example of a color filter used in a second embodiment of the video camera.
- Equation (9) holds from equations (6), (7) and (8).
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ), q (), and r () are defined as in equations (10)-(12).
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) x ' ⁇ A ⁇ ⁇ Z ! (1 0)
- Figure 2 shows the range. If Condition 2 is satisfied, it is shown from Figures 2 and 3 that Condition 1 is not important.
- the output value for the equal energy spectrum is obtained by standardization as shown in Expression (8).
- the maximum value of each band is not uniform.
- S '(e) denote the total spectral characteristics after normalization, and denote the coefficient to be normalized.
- the total spectral sensitivity obtained by the standardization is as shown in equation (14). O
- g ag
- g ag
- the overlap between the combined spectral characteristics is related to effective bit utilization. In other words, the greater the overlap between total spectral characteristics, the greater the number of unused bit combinations.
- Table 3 shows combinations of coefficients that satisfy the conditions 1 and 2 and the condition 3 relatively well.
- FIG. 4 shows the obtained overall spectral characteristics.
- the spectral characteristics have the peak values shown in Table 4 below.
- the calculation results will be described with respect to the deviation of the overall spectral characteristics.
- the calculated result of the color difference of the reproduced color may be two to three times greater than the theoretical characteristic of the ideal color difference.
- Table 5 shows the difference between the case where quantization is not performed (theoretical value) and the case where quantization is performed with 12 bits (which is assumed to be linear).
- the matrix used to convert to XYZ is the same as the original.
- the force indicated by the matrix conversion formula (12) may be used for the conversion which is not necessarily based on the linear conversion. I did not show the conversion matrix with the intent of actively eliminating nonlinear conversion.
- the device according to the present invention is intended to realize a video camera having a color gamut equal to the color gamut of a person.
- the purpose is to achieve a spectral information by a minimum of three color filters (the above-mentioned spectral characteristics SI, S2, S3). By using these spectral information, real time can be easily reduced with a small amount of computation.
- the movie was video signaled by the system. Before describing the embodiments, the color filters used in the present invention will be described.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the spectral characteristics of the color filters used in the device according to the present invention.
- SI, S2, and S3 in the figure represent the characteristics of the three color filters based on the spectral sensitivities obtained by linearly converting the XYZ color matching function determined by the CIE and the relationship shown in the specific matrix described above. Each is shown.
- S1 has a peak wavelength of 582 nm, 1Z2 width power 23-629 nm, and 1/10 width power 91-663 nm.
- S2 has a peak wavelength of 543 nm, 1Z2 width power of 06-589 nm, and 1/10 width power of 64-632 nm.
- S3 has a peak wavelength of 446 nm, a half width of 423-478 nm, and a width of lZlO of 09-508 nm. It should be noted that the image quality is not substantially impaired even if the respective peak wavelengths of the spectral characteristics move within the range of 4 nm, 3 nm, and 7 nm.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a moving image camera according to the present invention.
- the video camera consists of a lens system 1, an optical beam splitter 2, the three color filters 3-5 described above (these filters have the characteristics of SI, S2, and S3), three optical sensors 7-9, and arithmetic processing. It is configured to include the device 11.
- the lens system 1 forms the incident light from the target object 12 on the surface of the optical sensor 7-9 via the light beam splitter 2, and generates an inverted image on the photoelectric conversion surface of the sensor 7-9.
- the color filters 3-5 pass light beams of wavelength range components, such as spectral sensitivity obtained by linearly converting the XYZ color matching function defined by the CIE and the relationship shown in the specific matrix, in different wavelength ranges. .
- the optical beam splitter 2 shows a simple configuration example.
- the ratio of the optical power incident on each color filter 3-5 needs to be clear.
- the three optical sensors 7-9 perform photoelectric conversion on the incident light, and form a projected image corresponding to the target object 12 on the photoelectric conversion surface.
- Each of the optical sensors 7-9 has sufficient sensitivity characteristics for a wide color gamut such as a CCD imaging device.
- the video signals of the real images in the color gamut corresponding to the different color filters 3-5 obtained from the three optical sensors 7-9 are input to the arithmetic processing unit 11, respectively.
- the arithmetic processing device 11 operates at high speed and obtains a chromaticity value for the color of the target object 12 in real time.
- the calculation by the arithmetic processing unit 11 is described, for example, by A. N. Netravali, B. Gino, and Skell, “Digital Images” (Plenum Press, 1988), Chapter 1: Numerical Representation of Visual Information (AN Netravali and BG Haskell, "Digital Pictures", Plenum Press, 1988, Chapter 1: Numerical Representation of Visual Information) .
- the following first or second method is specifically adopted for realizing the video camera according to the present invention in a small size and light weight.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the moving image camera according to the present invention.
- 1 is an optical system
- 2 is a light beam splitter
- 3-5 are color filters
- 2 ' is a second light beam splitter
- 7 is an optical sensor
- 11 is an arithmetic processing unit.
- the second light beam splitter 2 has a mask 21-23 corresponding to a pixel unit or a row or column unit of a matrix array of a CCD imaging device, and outputs light of each filter 3-5.
- a spatial division is performed on the optical sensor 7 'formed by a D imaging device or the like. Therefore, the light beam split by the above-described configuration is input to the optical sensor 7 'that is in close contact with the mask, and a split optical image is formed.
- a stripe filter known in a single-chip CCD camera as a method for realizing the division in row units ⁇
- an optical image obtained through an optical system 1 composed of a lens is further divided into three directions by a light beam splitter 2, and three different wavelength region characteristics are provided on each optical path. Insert into the color filter 3-5.
- the three optical images that have passed through the respective color filters 3-5 are collected by the second light beam splitter 2 and sequentially formed on one sensor 7 by a method such as space division.
- the necessary processing is performed on the video signal obtained from the optical sensor 7 'by the arithmetic processing unit 11' to obtain a signal based on the spectral characteristics of SI, S2, and S3.
- the second light beam splitter 2 ′ and the optical sensor 7 ′ are provided with masks 21 to 23 for realizing space division. Therefore, spatial resolution is sacrificed in this camera system. Except for the registration, it can be realized relatively easily and real-time can be realized.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of the light gamut video camera according to the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes an optical system
- 3 denotes a color filter having three wavelengths, each of which has three wavelengths and three pixels as one microblock
- 7 denotes an optical sensor comprising a matrix array such as a CCD imaging device
- 11 Is an arithmetic processing unit.
- a color filter film having three different wavelength band characteristics on the CIE chromaticity diagram corresponding to one of the three pixels is formed by space division.
- the wavelength range characteristic of each segment of one microblock is the deviation of the spectral sensitivity obtained by linear conversion based on the XYZ color matching function defined by the CIE and the relationship shown in the specific matrix.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a detailed configuration of the color filter.
- the optical sensor 7 is passed through three tiled color filter segments (repeated stripes of SI, S2, and S3 in this embodiment) placed immediately before the optical sensor 7 ′′.
- a signal based on the spectral characteristics of SI, S2, and S3 by performing an appropriate calculation based on Equations (1) and (4) above.
- an RGB color filter is placed just before the optical sensor!
- the above configuration can be realized by replacing this color filter with three filters having spectral sensitivity characteristics obtained by linearly converting the XYZ color matching function defined by the CIE and the relationship shown in the specific matrix. This is a method that can be realized in a small size and real-time like a conventional camera.
- the optical image is converted into an electric signal by rotating a disk on which three filters are arranged immediately before the optical sensor of the camera.
- One image signal is obtained by calculating three temporally different image signals. This method of rotating the filter takes a long time to acquire one image, which is used in colorimeters, and is not suitable for acquiring moving images.
- the color information of the target object can be obtained by using three color filters and an arithmetic processing unit to acquire image information of a wide color gamut.
- Camera devices using a CCD as an image sensor are used not only in homes, which have high stability and reliability, but also in industrial, security, and other fields. Accurate colors in these areas Since it is strongly required that information is obtained and that no color difference is recognized between different cameras, the filter of the present invention is expected to be widely used to satisfy such requirements.
- Video cameras with a color gamut equal to the color gamut of a person are extremely wide-ranging, for example, robots that act as substitutes for humans, surgical medical sites such as surgery, artworks such as paintings, etc. It is expected to be used in certain fields.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004066576A JP2005257827A (ja) | 2004-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | フィルタ |
| JP2004-066576 | 2004-03-10 | ||
| JP2004068501A JP2005260527A (ja) | 2004-03-11 | 2004-03-11 | 動画カメラ |
| JP2004-068501 | 2004-03-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005086495A1 true WO2005086495A1 (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/004171 Ceased WO2005086495A1 (ja) | 2004-03-10 | 2005-03-10 | フィルタおよび動画カメラ |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2005086495A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8363134B2 (en) | 2007-08-01 | 2013-01-29 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Color imaging device, imaging apparatus using the same, and filter |
| US9984307B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2018-05-29 | Papalab Co, Ltd. | Coloring inspection apparatus and coloring inspection method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001189941A (ja) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 固体撮像装置および光学フィルタ |
| JP2001197508A (ja) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 電子カメラ |
| JP2003018611A (ja) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-01-17 | Sony Corp | 撮像装置 |
| JP2003087817A (ja) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-20 | Seiko Epson Corp | ホワイトバランス調整装置、ホワイトバランス調整プログラム、ホワイトバランス調整方法およびディジタルカメラ |
| JP2004215236A (ja) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-29 | Nikon Corp | 画像処理装置 |
-
2005
- 2005-03-10 WO PCT/JP2005/004171 patent/WO2005086495A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001189941A (ja) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 固体撮像装置および光学フィルタ |
| JP2001197508A (ja) * | 2000-01-14 | 2001-07-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 電子カメラ |
| JP2003018611A (ja) * | 2001-07-04 | 2003-01-17 | Sony Corp | 撮像装置 |
| JP2003087817A (ja) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-20 | Seiko Epson Corp | ホワイトバランス調整装置、ホワイトバランス調整プログラム、ホワイトバランス調整方法およびディジタルカメラ |
| JP2004215236A (ja) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-29 | Nikon Corp | 画像処理装置 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8363134B2 (en) | 2007-08-01 | 2013-01-29 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Color imaging device, imaging apparatus using the same, and filter |
| US9984307B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 | 2018-05-29 | Papalab Co, Ltd. | Coloring inspection apparatus and coloring inspection method |
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