WO2005086301A1 - 面発光レーザ素子およびそれを用いたレーザモジュール - Google Patents
面発光レーザ素子およびそれを用いたレーザモジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005086301A1 WO2005086301A1 PCT/JP2005/003612 JP2005003612W WO2005086301A1 WO 2005086301 A1 WO2005086301 A1 WO 2005086301A1 JP 2005003612 W JP2005003612 W JP 2005003612W WO 2005086301 A1 WO2005086301 A1 WO 2005086301A1
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
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- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34313—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser with a well layer having only As as V-compound, e.g. AlGaAs, InGaAs
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- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
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- H01S5/18311—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL] having a special structure for lateral current or light confinement using selective oxidation
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- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/2205—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers
- H01S5/2213—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers based on polyimide or resin
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/2205—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers
- H01S5/2214—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers based on oxides or nitrides
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/305—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region characterised by the doping materials used in the laser structure
- H01S5/3054—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region characterised by the doping materials used in the laser structure p-doping
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- H01S5/305—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region characterised by the doping materials used in the laser structure
- H01S5/3086—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region characterised by the doping materials used in the laser structure doping of the active layer
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- H01S5/32—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures
- H01S5/323—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/3235—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000 nm, e.g. InP-based 1300 nm and 1500 nm lasers
- H01S5/32358—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising PN junctions, e.g. hetero- or double- heterostructures in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000 nm, e.g. InP-based 1300 nm and 1500 nm lasers containing very small amounts, usually less than 1%, of an additional III or V compound to decrease the bandgap strongly in a non-linear way by the bowing effect
- H01S5/32366—(In)GaAs with small amount of N
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- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/3407—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers characterised by special barrier layers
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
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- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34306—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000nm, e.g. InP based 1300 and 1500nm lasers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL: Vertical Cavity Surface).
- VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface
- the present invention relates to a surface emitting laser element capable of increasing the critical return light resistance and a laser module using the same.
- This surface-emitting laser device consists of a pair of semiconductor multilayer reflectors made of GaAsZA, IGaAs, etc. on a semiconductor substrate such as GaAs or InP, and an active layer serving as a light emitting region between the pair of semiconductor multilayer reflectors. And emits laser light in a direction perpendicular to the semiconductor substrate.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2004-15027
- return light is generated to the light source by reflection at a coupling portion between a light source such as a surface emitting laser element and an optical fiber and reflection of a medium force of an optical transmission path such as an optical fiber. Since this return light causes noise to be generated in the light source, an isolator or the like is inserted into a coupling portion or the like so that the return light does not enter the light source.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and is a surface emitting laser element capable of increasing the return light resistance without reducing the optical output and realizing a low-cost laser diode. And a laser module using the same.
- a surface emitting laser device includes a resonator formed by a lower multilayer reflector and an upper multilayer reflector.
- a relaxation oscillation frequency force at a bias point in the resonator is output. The frequency is set to exceed an optical communication frequency for modulating a laser beam to be modulated.
- a surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, the relaxation oscillation frequency is set by increasing a differential gain.
- a surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, a barrier layer forming the active layer is doped with a P-type impurity.
- a surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, the concentration of the doping is 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm 3 —2 ⁇ 10 19 cm 3.
- a surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, the p-type impurity includes at least one of the group consisting of C, Be, Zn, and Mg.
- a surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, a resonator is formed by a lower multilayer film reflecting mirror and an upper multilayer film reflecting mirror.
- a surface emitting laser device having an active layer disposed between a mirror and the upper multilayer reflector detuning to an oscillation wavelength during operation at a gain peak wavelength at room temperature is performed toward the shorter wavelength side.
- the surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, the value of the detuning is a value at which the differential gain increases at least after detuning.
- the surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, the value of the detuning is an energy shift value obtained by converting wavelength into energy, and a value of 20 meV or less. It is characterized by being.
- a surface emitting laser element according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the oscillation frequency is 300 to 1600 nm.
- the surface emitting laser device has a selective oxidized layer obtained by oxidizing a part of a current constriction layer containing at least A1 and As in the above invention. It is characterized by narrowing the current.
- the well layer or the barrier layer forming the active layer is Ga In N As Sb (0 ⁇ xl, yl, y2 ⁇ l) xl 1-xl yl y2 l-yl-y2
- the feature of (1) is that a shift is used.
- a surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, the active layer is any one of a quantum well structure, a quantum wire structure, and a quantum dot structure. It shall be.
- the upper multilayer reflector and the lower multilayer reflector are both semiconductor multilayer films or both dielectric films.
- the multi-layered film is characterized in that one is a semiconductor multi-layered film and the other is a dielectric multi-layered film.
- the surface emitting laser device is characterized in that the upper multilayer mirror, the active layer, and the lower multilayer mirror are stacked on a GaAs substrate.
- the upper multilayer reflector and the lower multilayer reflector are Al Ga As (0 ⁇ x6 ⁇ 1).
- As (0 ⁇ x7 ⁇ 1, x6 ⁇ x7) is a plurality of pairs of multilayer films. l-x7
- the surface emitting laser element according to the present invention in the above invention, has a critical return light quantity of 30 dB or more which becomes ⁇ 115 dBZHz in the optical communication frequency range of 2 GHz of relative intensity noise.
- the relaxation oscillation frequency at the bias point is 5 GHz or more.
- This surface emitting laser device is suitable for 2.5 Gbps operation.
- the surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, the critical return light intensity becomes -115 dBZHz in the optical communication frequency range of 8 GHz. 20 dB or more, the relaxation oscillation frequency at the bias point is 10 GHz or more, and the oscillation wavelength is in the 1300 nm band.
- This surface emitting laser element It is suitable for IOGbps operation.
- the surface emitting laser device is characterized in that, in the above invention, the critical return light amount becomes ⁇ 115 dBZHz in the optical communication frequency range of 8 GHz. 30 dB or more, the relaxation oscillation frequency at the bias point is 10 GHz or more, and the oscillation wavelength is in the 1550 nm band.
- This surface emitting laser element is suitable for 10 Gbps operation.
- a laser module according to the present invention includes the surface emitting laser element according to claim 117, and outputs the laser light emitted from the surface emitting laser element to the outside via an optical fiber. It is characterized by outputting.
- a laser module according to the present invention is characterized in that the above-described invention includes a CAN package.
- a laser module according to the present invention is characterized in that the laser module according to the above-described invention includes an optical fiber receptacle.
- a laser module according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-mentioned invention, an optical fiber bigil is provided.
- the critical return light quantity becomes 24 dB or more which becomes -115 dBZHz in the optical communication frequency range of 2 GHz.
- the relaxation oscillation frequency at the bias point is 5 GHz or more.
- This laser module is suitable for 2.5 Gbps operation.
- the critical return light quantity becomes 14 dB or more which becomes -115 dBZHz in the optical communication frequency range of 8 GHz.
- the relaxation oscillation frequency at the bias point is 10 GHz or more, and the oscillation wavelength is in the 1300 nm band.
- This laser module is suitable for 1 OGbps operation.
- the critical return light quantity becomes 24 dB or more which becomes -115 dBZHz in the optical communication frequency range of 8 GHz.
- the relaxation oscillation frequency at the bias point is 10 GHz or more, and the oscillation wavelength is in a 1550 nm band.
- This laser module is 1 Suitable for OGbps operation.
- a surface emitting laser element and a laser module using the same according to the present invention are provided in an optical communication system in which a relaxation oscillation frequency at a bias point in a resonator modulates a laser beam output from the surface emitting laser element.
- the frequency is set to exceed the frequency.
- the barrier layer forming the active layer is doped with a p-type impurity, and the detuning to the oscillation wavelength during the operation at the gain peak wavelength at room temperature is performed on the shorter wavelength side.
- the reflectance is increased by raising the reflectance. Even if the optical output is not reduced, it is possible to increase the return light resistance and to achieve the cost reduction of the laser module.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a surface emitting laser device according to a first embodiment of the present invention as viewed obliquely.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a detailed configuration near an active layer.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the dependence of critical return light on the relaxation oscillation frequency.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the dependence of critical return light on the modulation doping amount.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a change in RIN with respect to return light.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing frequency characteristics of RIN.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the reflectance dependence of critical return light with the relaxation oscillation frequency as a parameter.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a gain spectrum for explaining detuning in a direction of increasing the differential gain.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the dependence of critical return light on the amount of detuning.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a relationship between detuning generated in a surface emitting laser element formed on a substrate and an oscillation wavelength.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a surface emitting laser device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, as viewed obliquely.
- a mirror 12, an active region 13, an upper multilayer reflector 16 including a current confinement layer 15, and a contact layer 17 are sequentially laminated to form an n-GaAs substrate 11.
- n-side electrode 21 is provided below, and a ring-shaped p-side electrode 18 and an electrode pad 20 for leading out the p-side electrode 18 are provided above the contact layer 17.
- the active region 13, the upper multilayer reflector 16 and the p-side electrode 18 form a cylindrical mesa post with the periphery thereof removed, and the sidewall of the mesa post and the upper portion of the lower multilayer reflector 12 are covered with a silicon nitride film 19.
- the periphery of the mesa post is filled with polyimide 22 via the silicon nitride film 19.
- the lower multilayer film reflecting mirror 12 is composed of a stack of 25.5 pairs of multilayer films each including AlAs and GaAs as a pair from the n-GaAs substrate 11, and further comprising AlGaAs and GaAs on the top. With one pair
- the active region 13 has an active layer 32 sandwiched between cladding layers 31 and 33, and the active layer 32 is Ga In N As Sb (quantum well layer).
- the upper multilayer reflector 16 has 23 or 26 pairs of multilayer films consisting of Al Ga As and GaAs as one pair.
- the oscillation wavelength of this surface emitting laser device 10 is about 131 Onm.
- a partial multilayer reflector 12, an active region 13, an upper multilayer reflector 16, and a contact layer 17 formed of GaAs are sequentially laminated.
- a current confinement layer 15 made of AlAs having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m is laminated on the lowermost layer of the upper multilayer film reflecting mirror 12.
- a silicon nitride film is formed on the growth surface of the contact layer 17 by a plasma CVD method, and a circular pattern having a diameter of about 40 to 45 m is transferred using a photolithography technique using a photoresist.
- the silicon nitride film is etched by a reactive ion etching (RIE) method using CF gas.
- RIE reactive ion etching
- Etching is performed by a reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) method using a gas until reaching the lower multilayer mirror 12, thereby forming a mesa post having a columnar structure.
- RIBE reactive ion beam etching
- the lowermost current confinement layer 15 of the upper multilayer reflector 16 is selectively oxidized by heating to 400 ° C. in a water vapor atmosphere and leaving it to stand. This allows selective oxidation Layer 14 is formed.
- the current injection path of the current confinement layer 15 where the selective oxidation layer 14 is not formed has a diameter of 3 to 10 m. Then, after the silicon nitride film is completely removed by RIE, the periphery of the mesa post is filled with polyimide 22.
- a silicon nitride film is newly formed on the entire surface by a plasma CVD method. Thereafter, the silicon nitride film on the mesa post is removed in a circular shape, and a p-side electrode 18 which is a ring-shaped AuGeNiZ Au electrode is formed thereon. Further, an electrode pad 20 of TiZPtZAu is formed for extracting an electrode. The area of the electrode pad 20 is 3000 ⁇ m. Thereafter, the n-GaAs substrate 11 is polished to about 200 m, and then an AuGeNiZ Au electrode is vapor-deposited on the surface, and finally annealed at about 400 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure near the active region 13. As shown in FIG. 2, the active layer 32 has a thickness of 7.3 P between the four barrier layers 41a to 41d which also have a GaAs P force of 15 nm in thickness.
- Clad layers 31 and 33 having a thickness of 128 nm are provided above and below the active layer 32.
- Each film thickness of the upper multilayer reflector 16 and the lower multilayer reflector 12 is ⁇ 4.
- the return light resistance can be increased by doping the barrier layers 41a to 41d with a ⁇ -type impurity.
- the noise level at which the noise rapidly increases differs depending on the characteristics of the semiconductor laser device.
- the critical return light quantity fextc in the edge-emitting laser device is generally expressed by the following equation ( Indicated by 1). That is,
- ⁇ is the optical confinement time of the resonator
- C is the difference from the return light at the laser emission end.
- K is the K factor
- fr is the relaxation oscillation frequency
- ⁇ is the electron lifetime
- a is the spectral line e
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the dependence of the critical return light quantity fextc on the relaxation oscillation frequency fr.
- the critical return light quantity fextc increases as the relaxation frequency fr increases. For example, when the relaxation frequency fr is 5 GHz, the critical return light quantity fextc is about -30 dB, but when the relaxation frequency is 20 GHz, the critical return light quantity fextc becomes about -10 dB. That is, it is possible to suppress noise generated in the surface-emitting laser element even if there is return light up to -10 dB.
- the relaxation oscillation frequency fr has the relationship shown in the following equation. That is,
- the differential gain (dgZdn) and the current injection amount (I Ith) may be increased. Since the current injection amount (I Ith) is a dynamic value injected into the surface emitting laser element, it is clear that the differential gain (dgZdn) should be increased.
- the differential gain (dgZdn) can be increased by doping the barrier layers 41a to 41d of the active layer 32 with impurities.
- the opening area of the selective oxidation layer 14 is 30 m 2
- the threshold current is 1 mA
- the slope efficiency is 0.3 W / A
- the temperature is 100 ° C. or more. Continuous oscillation was obtained.
- the relaxation oscillation frequency fr was 6 GHz when the modulation doping of the barrier layer was not performed at the noise current of 5 mA.
- the modulation doping can be increased to 9 GHz.
- the critical return light quantity could be increased by 28dB to -22dB.
- RIN relative intensity noise
- the occurrence of a large RIN can be suppressed by increasing the value of the critical point fextc. That is, by setting the critical point fextc to the critical point fextc as shown in FIG. 5, the characteristic curve of RIN and the return light is deformed toward the increase side of the return light, and the return light areas El and E2 where the value of RIN is small are reduced. It can be expanded, and a large return light resistance can be increased.
- This critical point fextc is the critical return light quantity fextc described above.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the frequency characteristics of RIN.
- RIN takes a large value near the relaxation oscillation frequency fr.
- fr 5GHz
- the value of RIN in the vicinity is large.
- the transmission speed of optical communication is about 2 GHz
- the power that can communicate without being affected by the relaxation oscillation frequency fr
- the relaxation oscillation frequency of 5 GHz Will affect communication as noise. In this case, it exceeds the communication frequency band E of 0 to 8 GHz and this communication frequency band
- the value of N decreases, and good communication can be performed.
- the relaxation oscillation frequency can be shifted from 6 GHz to 9 GHz, the value of RIN can be kept low at the time of communication having a transmission speed of about 8 GHz, for example.
- the differential gain is increased by the modulation doping, and the relaxation oscillation frequency is increased by the increase of the differential gain.
- the RIN value is reduced by the increase of the relaxation oscillation frequency, and the critical return light resistance is reduced. That means you can make it bigger.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the reflectance dependence of the critical return light amount when the relaxation oscillation frequency is set as a noramometer.
- the critical return light quantity increases not only with the increase of the relaxation oscillation frequency but also with the increase of the reflectance of the upper multilayer mirror 16.
- the increase in reflectance is Means lowering the output of the surface emitting laser device.
- the increase of the relaxation oscillation frequency due to the modulation doping can increase the return light resistance without reducing the optical output of the surface emitting laser element, and enables high-speed communication with good power.
- setting the reflectivity to 0.995 and setting the relaxation oscillation frequency to 10 GHz clears the current critical return light standard of -24 dB for DFB laser devices.
- a surface emitting laser device in a long wavelength band where the critical return light quantity fextc at 0 to 2 GHz with a RIN value of -115 dBZHz is -30 dB or more and the relaxation oscillation frequency fr at the bias point is 5 GHz or more is realized.
- communication at a transmission rate of 2.5 Gbps can be performed satisfactorily.
- a 1.3 m-band surface emitting laser device with a critical return light quantity fextc of -20 dB or more and a relaxation oscillation frequency fr of 10 GHz or more at a bias point of 115 dBZHz at a RIN value of 0 to 8 GHz is realized.
- the critical return light quantity fextc at which the RIN value at 0 to 8 GHz is --115 dB ZHz is -30 dB or more
- the relaxation oscillation frequency fr at the bias point is 10 GHz or more 1.55 m band surface emitting laser element
- the force using carbon as a p-type impurity for p-type doping is not limited thereto, and Be, Zn, Mg, or the like may be used, or a plurality of these may be used simultaneously.
- semiconductor films are used for both upper multilayer reflector 16 and lower multilayer reflector 12, but the invention is not limited to this.
- a dielectric film may be used.
- the lower multilayer mirror is a multilayer film with one pair of AlAsZGaAs
- the upper multilayer mirror is a multilayer film with one pair of AlGaAsZGaAs.
- Both forces can be formed by a multilayer film with a pair of AlGaAsZAlGaAs having different A1 compositions. Further, a composition gradient layer whose composition is gradually changed can be provided between these layers. Further, in the first embodiment described above, GalnNAsSb was used as the quantum well layers 42a to 42c. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A semiconductor material or the like may be used.
- the active layer 32 has a quantum well structure, but is not limited thereto, and may have a quantum wire structure or a quantum dot structure.
- the surface emitting laser device having the oscillation wavelength of about 1310 nm is used in the first embodiment, other surface emitting laser devices having the oscillation wavelength of, for example, 300 to 1600 nm are also available. It can be formed similarly.
- a surface emitting laser device having an oscillation wavelength in the 850 nm band can be formed in the same manner.
- the quantum well layer is formed of GaAs or AlGalnAs.
- the return light resistance of the surface-emitting laser element itself has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the return light resistance in units of a laser module including the surface-emitting laser element is described. Can be similarly applied.
- the surface emitting laser element is bonded to a CAN package or other plastic package, and an optical fiber receptacle or bigtil is attached.
- an optical element such as an isolator
- the critical return light intensity f extc at 0-2 GHz at which RIN has a value of S-115 dBZHz is -24 dB or more
- the relaxation oscillation frequency fr at the bias point is 5 GHz or more.
- a laser module having a light-emitting laser element is realized, which enables good communication at a transmission speed of 2.5 Gbps.
- a 1.3 m-band surface emitting laser device with a critical return light quantity fextc of -14 dB or more at RIN value of 115 dBZHz at 0 to 8 GHz and a relaxation oscillation frequency fr at the bias point of 10 GHz or more is available.
- This realizes a laser module with good transmission speed of 10 Gbps.
- the critical return light intensity fextc at which the RIN value becomes 115 dB / Hz is -24 dB or more, and the relaxation oscillation frequency fr at the bias point is 10 GHz or more.
- a laser module is realized, which enables good communication at a transmission speed of 10 Gbps.
- the modulation doping is applied to the barrier layers 41a to 41d as a means for increasing the relaxation oscillation frequency fr.
- the differential gain is increased by performing detuning, thereby increasing the differential gain.
- the relaxation oscillation frequency fr is increased.
- the differential gain (dgZdn) of the relaxation oscillation frequency fr shown in the equation (2) can be increased by detuning instead of modulation doping alone.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an increase in differential gain due to detuning.
- the gain of the laser light has wavelength dependence and temperature dependence.
- the gain curve L11 at room temperature operation the gain decreases to the short wavelength side and the long wavelength side with the gain peak length gl as a peak.
- the gain curve L12 at the time of low-temperature operation the gain decreases toward the short wavelength side and the long wavelength side with the gain peak wavelength ⁇ g2 as a peak.
- the gain curve L12 at the time of low-temperature operation has a higher overall gain than the gain curve L11 at the time of room temperature operation.
- the oscillation wavelength ⁇ 1 is the oscillation wavelength during operation at room temperature, and coincides with the gain peak wavelength ⁇ gl.
- the oscillation wavelength ⁇ 2 is an oscillation wavelength that oscillates by shifting to a shorter wavelength side due to detuning during low-temperature operation. This oscillation wavelength
- Detuning in the second embodiment is different from normal detuning.
- the gain curve shifts to the longer wavelength side and the oscillation wavelength shifts to the higher temperature side during high-temperature operation. In a high gain state.
- the oscillation wavelength is shifted to the shorter wavelength side, unlike the ordinary detuning.
- Figure 8 shows the low current injection at room temperature.
- the gain spectrum LI1, the gain spectrum LI2 at high current injection, and the set oscillation wavelengths ⁇ lasingl and ⁇ lasing2 at room temperature are shown. That is, the differential gain (dgZdn) is ⁇ 8 / ⁇ at the oscillation wavelength lasing, and becomes larger when ⁇ g> ⁇ lasing is set as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the detuning amount dependence of the critical return light amount. As shown in FIG. 9, as the amount of detuning shifted to the shorter wavelength side increases, the critical return light amount increases, and critical return light of ⁇ 30 dB or more can be obtained. In particular, if the detuning amount is as large as 50 nm, the critical return light can be increased to around 20 dB.
- a barrier layer corresponding to the barrier layers 41a to 41d is formed of GaAs.
- the cavity length was adjusted to 20 nm, and the cavity length was adjusted.
- the surface emitting laser device was manufactured so that the oscillation wavelength lasing at room temperature operation was 1300 nm and the gain peak wavelength g was 1325 nm.
- the thicknesses of the multilayer films of the upper multilayer reflector 16 and the lower multilayer reflector 12 are also adjusted so that ⁇ 4.
- This surface emitting laser device has an opening area of 30 m 2 , and continuously oscillates with a threshold current of 1.5 mA and a slope efficiency of 0.25 WZA.
- the detuning to the short wavelength side of +25 nm increased the relaxation oscillation frequency fr from 6 GHz to 10 GHz.
- good communication could be performed without any jitter in the eye pattern.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the range of the detuning amount on the wafer.
- the characteristic curve R1 is the reflectivity of the upper multilayer mirror 16
- the characteristic curve R2 is the reflectivity of the lower multilayer mirror 12
- the characteristic curve Rm is the upper multilayer mirror 16.
- the lower multilayer reflector 12 is the geometric mean. References indicate the gain peak wavelength at room temperature operation, and X indicates the oscillation wavelength at room temperature operation. As shown in Fig.
- the gain peak wavelength shifts to the shorter wavelength side as the radius (distance) of the central force of the wafer increases, and the oscillation wavelength increases as the distance from the center of the wafer increases. Has shifted to the side.
- the distance from the center of the wafer reaches about 20 mm, the reflectivity decreases sharply, and the oscillation occurs accordingly. Disappears.
- the value obtained by subtracting the oscillation wavelength at room temperature operation from the gain peak wavelength at room temperature operation is the detuning amount.
- the surface emitting laser element at a distance of about 3 mm from the center is The largest detuning amount Dcmax is obtained. Therefore, with a 1.3 m band surface emitting laser device, detuning can be performed to about 0 to 25 nm, in other words, to about 0 to 20 meV.
- each surface emitting laser element on this wafer was an element in the 1.3 ⁇ m band.
- detuning can be performed to about 0 to 35 nm (about 0 to 20 meV). This indicates that the detuning amount (wavelength) in the 1.3 / z m band should be converted to energy and set as an energy shift amount. In this case, it means that the detuning that causes an energy shift of 20 meV can be performed for each of the surface emitting laser devices in the 1. band and 1.55 m band.
- the surface emitting laser device described above is a surface emitting laser device in the 1.3 ⁇ m band, but it is needless to say that the surface emitting laser device in the 1.55 m band is also shifted to the shorter wavelength side.
- the differential gain can be increased, the relaxation oscillation frequency can be increased, and the return light resistance can be increased.
- the modulation doping is not performed, and the quantum well layers 42a-42c are formed of GaInNAsSb and the barrier layers 41a-
- a barrier layer corresponding to 41d is formed of GaN As Sb, and this film thickness is set to 20 nm.
- a surface emitting laser device was fabricated in which the gain peak wavelength g at room temperature operation was 1580 nm and the oscillation wavelength b iasing at room temperature operation was 1550 nm.
- the thicknesses of the multilayer films of the upper multilayer reflector 16 and the lower multilayer reflector 12 are also adjusted so that ⁇ 4.
- This surface emitting laser device has an opening area of 30 m 2 , and continuously oscillates with a threshold current of 1.5 mA and a slope efficiency of 0.25 WZA.
- the detuning to the short wavelength side of +30 nm increased the relaxation oscillation frequency fr from 6 GHz to 10 GHz.
- the differential gain is increased by performing detuning on the short wavelength side, and the relaxation oscillation frequency fr is increased by increasing the differential gain.
- a surface emitting laser element having a large return light resistance without reducing the light emission is realized.
- the modulation doping described in the first embodiment is not performed.
- the modulation doping may be performed in the second embodiment.
- the differential gain can be further improved, and as a result, a surface emitting laser element having higher return light resistance without lowering the output can be realized.
- the critical return light quantity fextc at which the RIN value at 0 to 2 GHz is ⁇ 115 dB / Hz is ⁇ 30 dB or more
- the relaxation at the bias point is A long-wavelength surface-emitting laser device with an oscillation frequency fr of 5 GHz or more
- the critical return light quantity fextc at which the RIN value at 0 to 8 GHz is --115 dB / Hz is -20 dB or more
- the relaxation oscillation frequency fr at the bias point is 10 GHz or more1.
- the critical return light quantity fextc at which the RIN value at 0-8 GHz is 115 dB / Hz is -30 dB or more, and the relaxation oscillation frequency fr at the bias point is 10 GHz or more. This enables communication at a transmission speed of 10 Gbps to be performed satisfactorily.
- semiconductor films are used for both upper multilayer reflector 16 and lower multilayer reflector 12, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a dielectric film may be used.
- the lower multilayer mirror is a multilayer film with one pair of AlAsZGaAs
- the upper multilayer mirror is a multilayer film with one pair of AlGaAsZGaAs.
- Both forces formed by the film can be formed by a multilayer film in which AlGaAsZAlGaAs with a different A1 composition constitutes one pair. Further, a composition gradient layer whose composition is gradually changed can be provided between these layers.
- GalnNAsSb was used as the quantum well layers 42a to 42c.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a semiconductor material or the like may be used.
- the active layer 32 has a quantum well structure, but is not limited thereto, and may have a quantum wire structure or a quantum dot structure.
- the surface emitting laser device has the oscillation wavelength in the 1300 nm band and the 1550 nm band, but the surface emitting laser device has another oscillation wavelength, for example, the oscillation wavelength in the 300 to 1600 nm band.
- the element can be formed similarly.
- a surface emitting laser device having an oscillation wavelength in the 850 ⁇ m band can be formed in the same manner.
- the quantum well layer is formed of GaAs.
- the return light resistance of the surface emitting laser element itself has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the return is performed in units of a laser module including the surface emitting laser element.
- the surface emitting laser element is bonded to a CAN package or other plastic package, and an optical fiber receptacle or bigtil is attached.
- the return light resistance is high, it is not necessary to mount a large optical element such as an isolator, so that the cost of the laser module itself can be reduced.
- the loss due to the coupling between the surface emitting laser element and the optical fiber is inherent, so that the critical return light amount is apparently reduced. If the loss due to this coupling is 3 dB, the critical return light will increase by 6 dB for the round trip loss for the laser module. As a result, for example, the critical return light intensity f extc at which the RIN value at 0-2 GHz is S-115 dB / Hz is -24 dB or more, and the relaxation oscillation frequency fr at the bias point is 5 GHz or more.
- a laser module having the above-described surface emitting laser element is realized, and thereby communication at a transmission speed of 2.5 Gbps can be performed satisfactorily.
- a 1.3 m band surface emitting laser device with a critical return light quantity f extc of ⁇ 14 dB or more at a RIN value of 115 dBZHz at 0 to 8 GHz and a relaxation oscillation frequency fr of 10 GHz or more at a bias point is used. This realizes a laser module having a transmission speed of 10 Gbps.
- a 1.55 m band surface-emitting laser element with a critical return light quantity fextc of ⁇ 24 dB or more at a RIN value of 115 dBZHz at 0 to 8 GHz and a relaxation oscillation frequency fr of 10 GHz or more at a bias point is available. This realizes a laser module with improved transmission speed of 10 Gbps.
- the surface emitting laser device formed on the n-type substrate is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a surface emitting laser device formed on a P-type substrate may be used.
- the selective oxidation layer 14 is provided on the p-side, that is, on the side of the lower multilayer mirror, and performs current confinement.
- the present invention relates to a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, and is particularly useful for a surface emitting laser element capable of increasing the critical return light resistance and a laser module using the same.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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EP05719916A EP1729384A4 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2005-03-03 | SURFACE-EMITTING LASER ELEMENT AND LASER MODULE USING THE SAME |
US11/515,017 US20070030874A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2006-09-05 | Surface-emitting laser element and laser module using the same |
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JP2004-061258 | 2004-03-04 | ||
JP2004061258A JP2005252032A (ja) | 2004-03-04 | 2004-03-04 | 面発光レーザ素子およびそれを用いたレーザモジュール |
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US11/515,017 Continuation-In-Part US20070030874A1 (en) | 2004-03-04 | 2006-09-05 | Surface-emitting laser element and laser module using the same |
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US (1) | US20070030874A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1729384A4 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2005086301A1 (ja) |
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JP2007103576A (ja) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-19 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 面発光レーザモジュール |
JP2007194561A (ja) * | 2006-01-23 | 2007-08-02 | Nec Corp | 面発光レーザ |
JP2007311632A (ja) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-29 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 面発光レーザ素子 |
US8144742B2 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2012-03-27 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Surface emitting laser device |
JP5027010B2 (ja) | 2007-03-01 | 2012-09-19 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 面発光レーザ素子 |
US8031754B2 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2011-10-04 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Surface emitting laser element, surface emitting laser element array, method of fabricating a surface emitting laser element |
JP5616009B2 (ja) | 2008-09-22 | 2014-10-29 | アズビル株式会社 | 反射型光電センサおよび物体検出方法 |
JP2010251698A (ja) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-11-04 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 面発光レーザ素子、面発光レーザアレイ素子、面発光レーザ装置、光源装置、および光モジュール |
JP5659476B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-25 | 2015-01-28 | ソニー株式会社 | 補正回路、駆動回路および発光装置 |
JP2011151357A (ja) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-08-04 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光デバイス、光走査装置及び画像形成装置 |
JP5834414B2 (ja) | 2010-03-18 | 2015-12-24 | 株式会社リコー | 面発光レーザモジュール、光走査装置及び画像形成装置 |
JP2011249763A (ja) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-12-08 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光源ユニット、光走査装置及び画像形成装置 |
JP2012151441A (ja) | 2010-12-28 | 2012-08-09 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光デバイス、光走査装置及び画像形成装置 |
WO2013110004A1 (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-07-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Short cavity surface emitting laser with double high contrast gratings with and without airgap |
JP2012156562A (ja) * | 2012-05-21 | 2012-08-16 | Nec Corp | 面発光レーザ |
US9082637B2 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2015-07-14 | The University Of Connecticut | Optoelectronic integrated circuit |
JP6012399B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-25 | 2016-10-25 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 光モジュール |
KR102276422B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-18 | 2021-07-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 투과형 고흡수 광 변조기 및 그 제조방법 |
CN105337166B (zh) * | 2015-11-30 | 2019-01-11 | 武汉电信器件有限公司 | 一种高速垂直腔面发射激光器的分子束外延生长方法 |
CN112393692B (zh) * | 2019-08-14 | 2023-04-28 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 激光投射模组、图像采集模组、深度相机及电子设备 |
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EP1729384A8 (en) | 2007-03-21 |
JP2005252032A (ja) | 2005-09-15 |
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