WO2005073756A1 - 魚群探知機および魚群探知機用トランスデューサ - Google Patents
魚群探知機および魚群探知機用トランスデューサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005073756A1 WO2005073756A1 PCT/JP2004/000984 JP2004000984W WO2005073756A1 WO 2005073756 A1 WO2005073756 A1 WO 2005073756A1 JP 2004000984 W JP2004000984 W JP 2004000984W WO 2005073756 A1 WO2005073756 A1 WO 2005073756A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fish
- piezoelectric element
- transducer
- shadow
- directivity
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/96—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for locating fish
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fish finder and a fish finder transducer for detecting a school of fish by emitting ultrasonic waves into water and capturing reflected waves, for example, transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves for fish finder.
- a transducer equipped with a piezoelectric element is attached to the user's foot, and the result of identifying the fish shadow based on the fish detection signal obtained by the transducer is displayed on the display device held by the user on a screen for leisure. It can be used as a type fish finder.
- a conventional fish finder emits ultrasonic waves from a ship or the like downward (substantially right below), receives reflected ultrasonic waves, detects fish schools including large and small fish, and detects terrain at the bottom of the water. It is carried out.
- the position of a school of fish is three-dimensionally captured by mechanically rotating multiple transducers and shaking the ultrasonic beam.
- the principle at this time is the same as the principle of radar using radio waves, and a directional ultrasonic wave is emitted from a transducer, and the ultrasonic wave reaches a school of fish, etc., depending on the time it takes to reflect and return. It measures distance but emits ultrasonic waves from one of the rotating transducers (transmitters) because the speed of ultrasonic waves used for fish finder is lower than the speed of radio waves used for radar. Then, the other ultrasonic transducer that rotates in synchronization with this receives the reflected and returned ultrasonic waves.
- transducer transducer / receiver
- the center line of the directivity of the transducer is directed directly below, and is mainly used to detect fish schools directly below or near the transducer.
- the center line of the directivity is directed slightly diagonally downward with respect to the direction of travel of the ship, or at a shallow elevation angle toward the water surface.
- a forward monitoring transducer (transducer / receiver), which is arranged at a distance, and a depth monitoring transducer (transducer / transducer), which is arranged with the directivity center line directly below the vessel, are provided at the bow. Some of these two transducers perform forward monitoring and depth monitoring (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-118927). Then, in this ship sonar, a forward display screen by a forward monitoring transducer and a depth display screen by a depth monitoring transducer are displayed adjacently on the same screen.
- the fish detection method that emits ultrasonic waves toward the lower part of the water surface (approximately below) cannot detect a fish school in a direction parallel to the water surface.
- the ship there is a problem that the ship must be moved.
- the position of the school of fish is established by mechanically rotating multiple transducers and oscillating an ultrasonic beam.
- the method of catching it physically is only used for large fleets and research vessels, and is not suitable for a simple fish finder used by an individual user for leisure such as fishing.
- this method mechanically rotates the transducer, which complicates the structure, increases the size of the device, and requires a lot of maintenance work. In this respect, a simple fish finder for leisure is also used. Not suitable.
- the conventional simple fish finder for leisure which floats the transducer and floats it, mainly detects the fish school directly under or near the transducer, so that the fish school in the direction parallel to the water surface is detected. There is a problem that it cannot be caught.
- the forward display screen (a graph showing the relationship between the distance to the obstacle in front and time) and the depth display screen (a graph showing the relationship between the distance to the water bottom and time) by the ship sonar are as follows. Although they are displayed next to each other on the same screen, the graphs displayed individually are only arranged on the same screen, so the position of the fish school is not displayed two-dimensionally in one graph.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fish finder and a transducer for a fish finder that can capture the position of a school of fish with a simple structure and in a multidimensional manner including directions parallel to the water surface. It is in. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention relates to a fish finder for detecting a school of fish by emitting ultrasonic waves into water and catching reflected waves, and a transducer including a plurality of piezoelectric elements for emitting ultrasonic waves into water and receiving the reflected waves.
- Fish shadow identification processing means for individually identifying a fish shadow for each reflected wave based on each of the reflected waves received by the plurality of piezoelectric elements in the transducer, and identification by the fish shadow identification processing means
- a fish-shadow display processing means for performing a process of displaying the fish-shade on the screen of the display device, wherein the plurality of piezoelectric elements are arranged with their directivity center lines directed in different directions, and at least one For one vertical plane, the directivity center lines are directed in multiple directions including the direction parallel or almost parallel to the water surface within the same vertical plane, and no gap is formed in the detection range. , And it is characterized in that it is arranged in a state.
- At least one vertical plane is stated, so the piezoelectric element for detecting near the water surface is placed inside the transducer with the directivity center line oriented in a direction parallel or almost parallel to the water surface. And at least one piezoelectric element arranged with the directivity center line downward from the piezoelectric element for near-water surface detection, and only one set (only for one vertical plane) is provided. Also, multiple sets (for multiple vertical planes) may be provided. In addition, from the viewpoint of power saving, weight reduction, and simplification of the structure, it is preferable that only one set is provided.Especially, in the case of a simple fish finder for leisure or the like, only one set is provided.
- the detection purpose can be achieved, or the user can artificially change the direction of the transducer (therefore, the mechanical This is not a conventional detection method in which an ultrasonic beam is shaken.) By shaking the direction of the vertical surface to be detected, the user can easily grasp the position of the school of fish in three dimensions.
- a state where no gap is formed in the detection range means that the piezoelectric elements arranged in a state where the center line of the directivity falls within the same vertical plane radiate radially at a predetermined spread angle.
- the detection ranges of the piezoelectric elements may or may not overlap in the vertical plane to be detected. It may be continuous. From the viewpoints of power saving, weight reduction, and simplification of the structure, it is more efficient and preferable that the detection ranges of the piezoelectric elements do not overlap.
- a plurality of piezoelectric elements are provided in the transducer with the directivity center lines oriented in different directions, and at least one of these piezoelectric elements is provided.
- the directivity center line is oriented in multiple directions including the direction parallel or substantially parallel to the water surface within the same vertical plane, the It is possible to detect fish schools in the directions of, and moreover, since the detection range of each piezoelectric element is continuous without any gap in the vertical plane, it is possible to capture the position of the fish school in a multidimensional manner.
- the transducer has a set of piezoelectric elements that are arranged with the directivity center lines oriented in multiple directions including the horizontal or substantially horizontal direction in the same vertical plane, It is possible to capture the position of the school of fish two-dimensionally in the vertical plane ⁇ , and when multiple sets of such piezoelectric elements are provided, that is, for multiple vertical planes, the position of the school of fish is three-dimensional. It becomes possible to catch it. Even if only one set of piezoelectric elements is provided, the user can easily change the direction of the transducer as described above to easily grasp the position of the fish school three-dimensionally. Is possible.
- the structure is simple and lightweight, and it is used for leisure etc.
- the maintenance is almost unnecessary, so that the maintenance work by the user is reduced, thereby achieving the above object.
- the center line of directivity falls within the same vertical plane.
- the piezoelectric elements arranged in a state where they are all arranged have directivity to emit ultrasonic waves at the same or substantially the same spread angle, and the angle between adjacent center lines of directivity is the spread of the ultrasonic waves. It is desirable that they are arranged so as to match or substantially match the angle.
- the piezoelectric elements when the piezoelectric elements are arranged such that the angle between the directivity center lines of the piezoelectric elements coincides with or substantially coincides with the spread angle of the ultrasonic waves, the piezoelectric elements in the same vertical plane Since the detection ranges of the elements can be arranged without gaps, it is possible to two-dimensionally grasp the position of the school of fish in the same vertical plane and to overlap the detection ranges of each piezoelectric element in the same vertical plane. Since they can be lined up efficiently, efficient arrangement is realized from the viewpoint of power saving, weight reduction, and simplification of the structure. In addition, ghosts are generated in the fish shadow display (duplication of one fish school in the overlapping area of the detection range) Display) can be prevented or suppressed.
- the excitation power to the piezoelectric element arranged with the directivity center line in a direction parallel or almost parallel to the water surface is directional in the other direction within the same vertical plane. It is desirable that the excitation power be smaller than the excitation power to the piezoelectric element arranged with the center line of the piezoelectric element oriented.
- the excitation power to the piezoelectric element for detecting near the water surface is smaller than the excitation power to other piezoelectric elements, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the entire fish finder, The service life can be extended.
- the center line of the directivity of the piezoelectric element for detecting near the water surface is directed in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the water surface, the ultrasonic wave emitted from this piezoelectric element is reflected by the water surface. It is. Therefore, if the same excitation power is supplied as compared with the normal case where the directivity center line is directed below the water surface (the case without reflection), the sound field strength at the same distance will be It is about twice as large. For this reason, even if the excitation power to the piezoelectric element for detecting near the water surface is smaller than the excitation power to the other piezoelectric elements, a sound field having the same strength as the other piezoelectric elements is formed.
- the intensity of the sound field of the ultrasonic wave is about twice as large as that in the normal case where the wave is directed downward, so the same excitation power should be supplied.
- the ultrasonic waves will reach far, and fish schools can be detected far away. Therefore, when detecting a school of fish farther in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the water surface, the excitation power to the piezoelectric element for detecting near the water surface is smaller than the excitation power to the other piezoelectric elements. You don't have to.
- the fish shadow display processing means uses the fish shadow individually identified for each reflected wave by the fish shadow identification processing means, using the horizontal axis as the horizontal distance and the vertical axis as the water depth. It is desirable that a configuration is adopted in which a composite display is performed on the same screen in accordance with the detection range of each piezoelectric element arranged such that the directivity center line falls within the same vertical plane.
- corresponding to the detection range of each piezoelectric element means that each fish shadow is displayed within the range (range on the screen) corresponding to the detection range of each piezoelectric element extending at a predetermined angle from each piezoelectric element. This does not mean that a fish shadow is displayed just above the position corresponding to the directivity center line (the position on the screen).
- the piezoelectric element for detecting near the water surface which is arranged with the directivity center line oriented in a direction parallel or almost parallel to the water surface, uses the reflection of ultrasonic waves on the water surface to perform detection.
- the detection range is about half the angle of the piezoelectric element with the directivity center line oriented in the direction of the arrow, and the center line of the directivity of the piezoelectric element matches the center line of the detection range.
- the center line of the directivity matches the center line of the detection range.
- displaying a fish shadow just above the position corresponding to the center line of the directivity for example, displaying a fish shadow just above the position corresponding to the center line of the detection range, etc. Is also good. If the configuration is such that the fish shadow individually identified for each reflected wave received by each piezoelectric element is displayed in a composite on the same screen, the position of the fish school is displayed two-dimensionally on the screen. This makes it possible for the user to easily and visually grasp the position of the school of fish.
- the fish shadow display processing means is realized by an external acquisition program previously acquired from outside the mobile phone via a network and stored in the mobile phone. It is desirable that the external acquisition program be executed to perform a process of displaying a fish shadow on a screen of a display device provided in the mobile phone.
- the “network” is, for example, a combination of a mobile phone network and the Internet.
- the “external acquisition program” is not a program built into the mobile phone such as a web browser, but is acquired by the user after purchasing the mobile phone from a server connected to the network and before performing the fish finder processing Means a program that is stored in the memory of a mobile phone in advance. For example, it is created in accordance with the specifications of the network connection service provided by the mobile phone company, such as “i-appli” and “EZ appli” (each trademark). JAVA application (JAVA is a registered trademark).
- the fish shadow display can be performed by using the function of the mobile phone that the user already has.
- the production cost of the fish finder can be reduced.
- the fish shadow identification processing means generates a fish finder signal obtained from each reflected wave received by each of the plurality of piezoelectric elements from a water surface wave near the transducer or a water bottom topography. Sampling is performed at a sampling time interval long enough to remove high-frequency noise, and an approximation is made to hold the sampled signal value as it is for the time corresponding to the sampling time interval. In addition, it is desirable that a pseudo-sampling point having the same value as the sampled signal value as a sampling value is provided to eliminate the effect of aliasing and perform fast Fourier transform.
- the configuration is such that fast Fourier transform is performed by providing pseudo sampling points, it is possible to remove high-frequency noise by increasing the sampling time interval, and to reduce the number of data to be sampled. Therefore, the signal processing time of the fast Fourier transform can be shortened, the high-speed processing and the power consumption associated therewith can be reduced, and a pseudo sampling point is provided, so that the sampling time interval is increased.
- fast Fourier transform processing can be performed without being affected by aliasing described later.
- the sampling time interval is set to be long enough to remove high-frequency noise as described above, and a fast Fourier transform is performed with pseudo sampling points, the sampling time interval is 4 It is desirably up to 8 ms.
- the distance resolution can be set to about 3 to 6 m, which is suitable for removing high-frequency noise.
- the following transducer for a fish finder of the present invention is exemplified.
- the present invention relates to a fish finder transducer for use in a fish finder that detects a school of fish by emitting ultrasonic waves into water and capturing the reflected waves, wherein the ultrasonic waves are emitted into the water and the reflection of the ultrasonic waves.
- a plurality of piezoelectric elements for receiving waves are arranged, each of which is arranged with a directivity center line in a different direction, and at least one vertical plane in the same vertical plane.
- the present invention is characterized in that the directivity center lines are directed in a plurality of directions including a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the water surface, and are arranged in a state where no gap is formed in the detection range.
- the piezoelectric elements arranged so that the directional center line is within the same vertical plane are all directional elements that emit ultrasonic waves at the same or substantially the same spread angle. Are arranged in such a manner that the angle between adjacent center lines of directivity coincides with or substantially coincides with the spread angle of ultrasonic waves.
- the excitation power to the piezoelectric element arranged with the directivity center line oriented in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the water surface is different from that of another element within the same vertical plane. It is desirable that the excitation power be smaller than the excitation power to the piezoelectric element arranged with the directivity center line directed in the direction.
- a plurality of piezoelectric elements are provided in a transducer, each having a directivity center line directed in a different direction, and these piezoelectric elements have at least one vertical surface. Are arranged in multiple directions including the direction parallel or almost parallel to the water surface in the same vertical plane. Because the school of fish can be detected, and the detection range of each piezoelectric element is continuous without any gap in the vertical plane, the position of the school of fish can be captured in a multi-dimensional manner. Compared to the method of rotating the ultrasonic beam by rotating the beam, there is an effect that the position of the fish school can be grasped in a multi-dimensional manner with a simple structure.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fish finder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an appearance of the fish finder of the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the transducer of the embodiment. .
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a use state of the fish finder of the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a detection range of each piezoelectric element in the transducer according to the embodiment and a state where ultrasonic waves emitted from the piezoelectric element for detecting near water surface are reflected on the water surface.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing by the fish finder of the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 shows a voltage signal (a school of fish) obtained from the received ultrasonic waves (reflected waves) of the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a detection signal.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a voltage value sampled by the fish finder of the embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a processing result of the fast Fourier transform performed by the fish finder of the embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a fish shadow display screen displayed by the fish finder of the embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing a modification of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fish finder 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing an appearance of the fish finder 10.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the transducer 2 ⁇
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a use state of the fish finder 10
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing each piezoelectric element in the transducer 20.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a detection range of 21 and 22 and a state in which ultrasonic waves emitted from a piezoelectric element 21 for detecting near water surface are reflected by water surface 1.
- the fish finder 10 is a transducer 20 installed underwater to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves for fish finder, and a main body 4 connected to the transducer 20 by a cable 11 0.
- the transducer 20 is mainly used by being mounted on a user's foot by a redder holder 30, while the main body 40 is mainly used by a user's hand. is there.
- a transducer 20 includes a first piezoelectric element 21 and a second piezoelectric element 22 for emitting ultrasonic waves into water and receiving reflected waves thereof, and 1. Ultrasonic waves are emitted into the water from the second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 respectively. 2004/000984
- the excitation circuits 23 and 24 generate ultrasonic excitation pulses and send them to the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22, respectively, and the ultrasonic excitation pulses are received by the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22, respectively.
- Voltage amplification circuits 25 and 26 are provided to amplify signals converted from voltage from ultrasonic waves (each reflected wave). In FIG. 3, illustration of the voltage amplifier circuits 25 and 26 is omitted.
- the transducer 20 includes a thermistor 27 for detecting a water temperature, and a voltage conversion circuit 28 for converting the water temperature detected by the thermistor 27 into a voltage.
- the water temperature data obtained by the thermistor 27 and the voltage conversion circuit 28 is used for correcting the speed of sound in water.
- the directivity of the ultrasonic waves emitted from the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 has a conical shape with the piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 as vertices.
- the piezoelectric element 22 is arranged so as to be oriented in a direction parallel or substantially parallel to the surface, and serves as a piezoelectric element for detecting near the water surface.
- the second piezoelectric element 22 has a directivity center line C 2 (see FIG. 5).
- center line C 1 of the directivity of the first piezoelectric element 21 i.e., horizontal or substantially horizontal direction
- Each of the piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 is arranged such that the center lines CI and C2 of the directivity fall within the same vertical plane.
- the ultrasonic waves emitted from the first piezoelectric element 21 which is a piezoelectric element for detecting near the water surface spread in a conical shape with the piezoelectric element 21 as a vertex.
- Generating lines indicating the outer edges of the vertical section of the cone are defined as rays K 1 and ⁇ 2.
- the ultrasonic wave emitted obliquely upward in the vertical plane from the piezoelectric element 21 does not go straight in the direction of the ray ⁇ 1, but almost completely on the water surface 1, as shown by the dotted line in FIG.
- the light is reflected obliquely downward and changes direction under the water along ray ⁇ 3.
- an ultrasonic wave whose emission angle (angle from the center line C 1) is smaller than that of the ray ⁇ 1 is reflected by the water surface 1 and changes its course below the water surface.
- the intensity of the ultrasonic wave returning to the piezoelectric element 21 after being reflected by the school of fish existing in the area between the water surface 1 and the oblique line ⁇ 3 is also about twice as high as that without the water surface 1.
- the excitation power to the first piezoelectric element 21 can be made smaller than the excitation power to the second piezoelectric element 22.
- the reflectivity of underwater ultrasonic waves reflected by the water surface 1 reaches about 99.9%.
- the detection range (angle) of the piezoelectric element 21 is determined by the ultrasonic wave spread angle ⁇ i
- the second piezoelectric element 2 2 of the detection range since the ultrasonic total angle of emission divergence angle theta 2, for example, a range, etc. of 5 degrees to 1 5 degrees. Therefore, the center line T 2 of the detection range of the piezoelectric element 22 matches the center line C 2 of the directivity of the piezoelectric element 22.
- the main body 40 is a switching circuit 41 for switching the current between the excitation circuit 23 and the voltage amplifier circuit 25, and a switching circuit for switching the current between the excitation circuit 24 and the voltage amplifier circuit 26. 4 2 and the analog output signal of the voltage amplification circuit 25
- A-D converter 43 which converts the analog output signal of the voltage amplifier circuit 26 into a digital signal
- an analog output signal of the voltage converter circuit 28 which converts the analog output signal of the voltage amplifier circuit 26 into a digital signal.
- An A-D converter 45 for converting the data into a digital signal; a battery 46 for supplying power to each section; a display device 47 such as a liquid crystal display; and processing means 50 for performing various processes required for fish detection. I have.
- the battery 46 supplies power to the switching circuits 41 and 42, the AD converters 43 to 45, the display device 47, a CPU (not shown), and the transducer 20.
- the excitation power supplied to the excitation circuit 23 that sends an ultrasonic excitation pulse to the first piezoelectric element 21 increases the sound field of the piezoelectric element 21 due to the reflection of the ultrasonic waves on the water surface 1 as described above. Therefore (see FIG. 5), the excitation power supplied to the excitation circuit 24 that sends the ultrasonic excitation pulse to the second piezoelectric element 22 can be reduced.
- the processing means 50 includes transmission / reception control means 51, fish shadow identification processing means 52, and fish shadow display processing means 53.
- the transmission / reception control means 51 controls the switching circuits 41 and 42 to switch between the emission timing of each ultrasonic wave by the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 and the reception timing of each of the reflected waves. It controls time.
- the fish shadow identification processing means 52 is based on each fish school detection signal (each voltage signal) obtained from each ultrasonic wave (each reflected wave) received by the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 respectively. Then, the process of individually identifying the fish shadow for each reflected wave is performed.
- This fish shadow identification processing means 52 is sufficient to remove high frequency noise from each fish finder signal obtained from each reflected wave received by the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22, respectively.
- Sampling is performed at a sampling time interval of a length (for example, 4 to 8 ms), and an approximation that holds the sampled signal value as it is for the time corresponding to the sampling time interval is performed. By providing a pseudo sampling point where the same value as the sampled signal value is used as the sampling value. 4 000984
- the fish shadow display processing means 53 displays the fish shadow individually identified by the fish shadow identification processing means 52 for each reflected wave received by the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22, and the horizontal axis indicates With the horizontal distance and the vertical axis being the water depth, the composite display is performed on the same screen (see Fig. 10) in accordance with the detection range of the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22.
- each of the means 51 to 53 included in the processing means 50 is a central processing unit (CPU) provided inside the main body 40, and one which defines the operation procedure of this CPU. Or it is realized by a plurality of programs.
- the school of fish is detected using the school of fish 10 as follows.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing by the fish finder 10.
- the user mounts the transducer 20 with the redder holder 30 wound around his / her foot, and places the transducer 20 in a predetermined posture in a relatively shallow position in water. (Position shown in Fig. 3).
- step S1 the user turns on the power of the main body 40, and starts the fish finder processing by the fish finder 10 (step S1).
- a control signal is transmitted from the transmission / reception control means 51 of the main body 40 to the switching circuit 41, and the excitation circuit 23 is operated by the switching circuit 41, and the excitation circuit 23
- An ultrasonic excitation pulse is generated, and the ultrasonic excitation pulse is applied to the first piezoelectric element 21 (step S2).
- a voltage for excitation is applied with an amplitude of, for example, about 100 volts for about several milliseconds.
- the voltage for excitation is smaller in the detection using the first piezoelectric element 21 than in the detection using the second piezoelectric element 22 because the detection using reflection on the water surface 1 is performed in the detection using the first piezoelectric element 21. May be.
- a strong ultrasonic wave is emitted from the first piezoelectric element 21 into water for a certain period of time (about several milliseconds).
- the above control of the ultrasonic oscillation time is performed by the transmission / reception control means 51.
- a control signal for switching between transmission and reception is transmitted from the transmission / reception control means 51 to the switching circuit 41, and the switching circuit 41 activates the voltage amplification circuit 25.
- the piezoelectric element 21 receives an ultrasonic wave (reflected wave) reflected from the school of fish and returning, the received ultrasonic wave is converted into a voltage signal by the piezoelectric element 21 and then a voltage amplifier circuit It is amplified by 25 and sent to the A-D converter 43 of the main unit 40 via the cable 11.
- An example of the amplified voltage signal at this time is shown in FIG.
- the signal in FIG. 7 is a received signal obtained by one ultrasonic wave emission for about several milliseconds.
- a crossing current is obtained from this voltage signal, so this is rectified and further smoothed by an integrating circuit having a time constant about the oscillation period of the ultrasonic wave. This is the signal obtained by amplifying the single electrode voltage signal.
- the above-described control of the ultrasonic reception time is performed by the transmission / reception control means 51.
- the transmission / reception control means 51 sends the fish shadow identification processing.
- the sampling start signal is sent to the means 52, and the fish shadow identification processing means 52 receives this signal and sends a control signal to the AD converter 43, and performs sampling for a predetermined time at a predetermined time interval.
- the analog voltage signal amplified by the voltage amplifier circuit 25 is converted into a digital signal (step S3).
- the sampling time interval is, for example, substantially equal to or longer than one ultrasonic emission time (about several milliseconds). At this time, the sampling time interval is shortened and the spectrum is obtained.
- the sampling time interval is set to, for example, 8.0 ms (mm Seconds), etc., and a sufficiently long time interval.
- the sampling time interval may be, for example, about 4.0 ms.
- the sampling time interval is obtained as follows. Let V be the sound speed, PT / JP2004 / 000984
- the FFT processing is performed by the fish shadow identification processing means 52 using the sampled voltage data (step S4).
- the sampling time interval is increased to, for example, about 4 to 8 ms in order to remove high-frequency noise, so that actual sampling points are not affected by aliasing.
- FFT is performed by setting a pseudo sampling point at (a time zone corresponding to the sampling time interval).
- the virtual sampling value at this pseudo sampling point is the same as the voltage value actually sampled immediately before. Therefore, approximation for holding the sampled voltage value for a time corresponding to the sampling time interval as it is, that is, approximation for holding until the next sampling time is performed.
- Aliasing refers to the sampling frequency (the reciprocal of the sampling time interval).
- the Nyquist frequency one-half of the sampling frequency
- FIG. Fig. 8 shows the voltage values sampled at 8.Oms intervals as an example. Further, a state where the voltage signal obtained from the received ultrasonic wave is retained and approximated in a stepwise manner is shown.
- the number of samplings is N
- This number of data is equal to the sampling number ⁇ .
- the voltage signal sampled at the time interval ⁇ is used, so the number of data is 1ZM and smaller than when sampling at ⁇ t. . Therefore, FFT processing can be performed at high speed.
- the fish shadow identification processing means 52 performs the FFT processing on the fish detection signal (voltage signal) obtained from the ultrasonic wave received by the first piezoelectric element 21 and then outputs the FFT processing result. Based on this, a process of identifying a fish shadow within the detection range of the first piezoelectric element 21 is performed.
- this processing method will be described.
- these are considered to be substantially equal, that is, the position of the shore: the distance d from P to the school of fish, and the distance from the transducer 20 to the school of fish are considered to be substantially equal and processing is performed. I do.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a graph obtained by performing this conversion process, with the horizontal axis representing distance and the vertical axis representing power.
- the fish shadow identification processing means 52 since there is a peak at a distance of 13 m from the transducer 20, the fish shadow identification processing means 52 performs the identification processing that there is a large fish shadow at this position.
- a relatively large spectrum appears even at a distance of 30 m or more, but since it is caused by long-period low-frequency noise, the identification processing is performed to determine that it is not a fish shadow.
- FIG. 9 has been described as showing the signal processing result for the first piezoelectric element 21, but may be considered as the signal processing result for the second piezoelectric element 22.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of a fish shadow display in the case of considering the latter signal processing result.
- step S5 After performing the fish shadow identification processing by the fish shadow identification processing means 52, the fish shadow identified by the fish shadow identification processing means 52 by the fish shadow display processing means 53 is displayed on the screen of the display device 47.
- the processing shown on the top (the screen update processing for the second and subsequent times) is performed (step S5).
- the fish shadow display processing means 53 determines the fish shadow within the detection range (angle) of the first piezoelectric element 21 obtained as a signal processing result for the first piezoelectric element 21. A process of displaying a fish shadow in a screen area corresponding to the detection range of the first piezoelectric element 21 is performed.
- FIG. 10 shows a fish shadow display screen 47 A that graphically displays fish shadows on the screen of the display device 47.
- This fish shadow display screen 4 7 A (Positive direction) is the horizontal distance, and the vertical axis (downward is the positive direction) is the water depth.
- the configuration may be such that the position of the fish shadow is indicated by numerical display together with the graph display, or that the display of the graph display and the screen of the numerical display can be switched.
- a control signal is transmitted from the transmission / reception control means 51 of the main body 40 to the switching circuit 42 and excited by the switching circuit 42.
- the circuit 24 is operated, and an ultrasonic excitation pulse is generated in the excitation circuit 24, and the ultrasonic excitation pulse is applied to the second piezoelectric element 22 (step S6).
- a strong ultrasonic wave is emitted from the second piezoelectric element 22 into water for a certain period of time (about several milliseconds).
- a control signal for switching between transmission and reception is transmitted from the transmission / reception control means 51 to the switching circuit 42, and the switching circuit 42 creates the voltage amplification circuit 26.
- the piezoelectric element 22 receives an ultrasonic wave (reflected wave) reflected from the school of fish and returning, the received ultrasonic wave is converted into a voltage signal by the piezoelectric element 22 and then a voltage amplifier circuit. It is amplified by 26 and sent to the A-D converter 44 of the main unit 40 via the cable 11.
- the transmission / reception control means 51 sends the fish shadow identification processing.
- the sampling start signal is sent to the means 52, and the fish shadow identification processing means 52 receives this signal and sends a control signal to the AD converter 44, and performs sampling for a predetermined time at a predetermined time interval.
- the analog voltage signal amplified by the voltage amplifier circuit 26 is converted into a digital signal (step S7). This sampling processing is the same as the signal processing for the first piezoelectric element 21.
- FFT processing is performed by the fish shadow identification processing means 52 using the sampled voltage data (step S8).
- the FFT processing is the same as the signal processing for the first piezoelectric element 21.
- the fish shadow identification processing means 52 performs FFT processing on the fish finder signal (voltage signal) obtained from the ultrasonic waves received by the second piezoelectric element 22, and then outputs the FFT processing result. Based on this, a process of identifying a fish shadow within the detection range of the second piezoelectric element 22 is performed.
- This fish shadow identification processing is the same as the signal processing for the first piezoelectric element 21.
- step S9 After performing the fish shadow identification processing by the fish shadow identification processing means 52, the fish shadow identified by the fish shadow identification processing means 52 by the fish shadow display processing means 53 is displayed on the screen of the display device 47.
- the processing shown on the top (the screen update processing for the second and subsequent times) is performed (step S9).
- the fish shadow display processing means 53 determines the fish shadow within the detection range (angle) of the second piezoelectric element 22 obtained as a result of the signal processing for the second piezoelectric element 22.
- a fish shadow is displayed in a graph in the screen area corresponding to the detection range of the second piezoelectric element 22.
- the following processing is performed.
- a description will be given assuming that a peak appears at 13 m as an example in a state as shown in FIG. 9 as a signal processing result for the second piezoelectric element 22.
- a fish shadow 47 B indicated by a Hata mark is displayed in a range corresponding to the detection range of the second piezoelectric element 22.
- the fish shadow 47B is positioned at a position corresponding to the center line T 2 (see FIG. 5) of the detection range of the second piezoelectric element 22 (see FIG. 5). 2 direction line).
- the shape of the mark of the fish shadow display is not limited to the mark, but may be any shape.
- a mark in the shape of a fish may be used.
- the size of the mark of the fish shadow display may be all uniform as in the present embodiment, but the size of the mark may be changed so that the size of the school of fish can be grasped. For example, considering that ultrasonic waves attenuate in inverse proportion to the square of the distance d, the magnitude of the peak after removing low-frequency noise from the power in Fig. 9 is proportional to the square of the distance d. It is possible to change the size of the mark by multiplying the values to correct the magnitude relationship between the peak values.
- step S10 When the signal processing (step S2S9) for the first piezoelectric element 21 and the second piezoelectric element 22 is completed as described above, it is determined whether to continue the fish finder processing. Then (step S10), when continuing, the process returns to the excitation processing of the first piezoelectric element 21 in step S2 again, and thereafter, step S10 is repeated until it is determined that the process is not to be continued in step S10. The processing of S 2 S 9 is repeated. On the other hand, the user performs an operation or the like to stop the fish finder detection process. If it is determined not to continue, or if the power of the main body 40 is turned off, a series of fish finder detection processing ends (step S11).
- the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 are provided in the transducer 20 with the directivity center lines directed in different directions, respectively, and these piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 are arranged in the same vertical direction. Since the directional center lines CI and C2 (see Fig. 5) are oriented in two directions including a direction parallel or almost parallel to the water surface 1 in the plane (see Fig. 3), The fish finder 10 can detect a fish school in a plurality of directions including a horizontal or substantially horizontal direction. Moreover, since the detection range of each of the piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 is continuous without any gap in the same vertical plane, the position of the fish school can be two-dimensionally captured in this vertical plane.
- the position of the fish school can be easily grasped three-dimensionally.
- the structure is simple and lightweight, and it is used for leisure etc.
- a simple fish finder 10 suitable for being performed can be realized. And since it is such a simple structure, maintenance becomes almost unnecessary, and the trouble of maintenance by a user can be reduced.
- first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 piezoelectric elements having directivity in which ultrasonic waves spread at the same emission angle (for example, ⁇ ies ⁇ io degree) are used. Since the angle ⁇ 2 (see Fig. 5) formed by the center lines C 1 and C 2 of the directivity of 22 coincides with or substantially coincides with the ultrasonic wave spread angle 0 2 of each of the piezoelectric elements 21 and 22.
- the detection ranges of the piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 in the same vertical plane can be arranged without gaps, and the position of the fish school can be two-dimensionally grasped in the same vertical plane as described above.
- the detection ranges of the piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 in the plane can be arranged without overlapping. Therefore, power saving and light Efficient arrangement can be realized from the viewpoints of quantification and structural simplification, and ghosting in fish shadow display (overlapping display of one fish school in the overlapping part of the detection range) can be prevented or suppressed. it can.
- the excitation power to the first piezoelectric element 21 is reduced by the second piezoelectric element 21.
- the power consumption of the entire fish finder 10 can be suppressed, and the battery life can be prolonged.
- the intensity of the sound field formed by the ultrasonic waves emitted from the first piezoelectric element 21 is the intensity of the sound field generated by the second piezoelectric element 22. Since the size is about twice as large as the strength, the horizontal detection by the first piezoelectric element 21 can detect the fish school farther than the detection by the second piezoelectric element 22. it can.
- the excitation power to the first piezoelectric element 21 is reduced to the second piezoelectric element 2. 2 and the detectable distance of the first piezoelectric element 21 can be longer than the detectable distance of the second piezoelectric element 22.
- the fish shadow display processing means 53 performs a fish shadow identification processing based on each fish school detection signal (each voltage signal) obtained from the ultrasonic waves received by the first and second piezoelectric elements 21 and 22.
- Each fish shadow individually identified in steps S 4 and S 8 in FIG. 6 by step 52 is made to correspond to the detection range of each piezoelectric element 21 and 22 on the same screen (the fish shadow in FIG. 10). Since the composite image is displayed in the display screen 47 A), the position of the fish school can be displayed two-dimensionally on the screen. Therefore, the user can easily grasp the position of the school of fish visually.
- the fish shadow identification processing means 52 sets the sampling time interval long enough to remove high-frequency noise, and Since FFT processing is performed with pseudo sampling points, processing that eliminates high-frequency noise and does not cause aliasing Management can be realized.
- the fish shadow identification processing means 52 removes high frequency noise by increasing the sampling time interval, the number of data to be sampled can be reduced, and the signal processing time of the FFT can be shortened. it can. Also, noise can be removed by simple processing, compared to the case where noise is removed using a moving average or the like. Therefore, it is possible to realize high-speed processing and to reduce the power consumption associated therewith.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but may be implemented within a range where the object of the present invention can be achieved. Modifications and the like are included in the present invention.
- the voltage amplification circuits 25 and 26 are provided inside the transducer 20.
- it may be provided on the main body 40 side.
- the piezoelectric elements 2 1, 2 centerline C 1 of directional 2, C 2 angle monument 2 between the each ultrasonic waves emitted from the respective piezoelectric elements 2 1, 2 2 Although consistent with divergence angle theta There theta 2 (see FIG. 5), smaller than the center line CI, angle 0 theta 2 divergence the angle alpha 2 of C 2 to each other, each of the piezoelectric elements 2 1, 2 2
- the detection ranges may be overlapped. From the viewpoints of power saving, weight reduction, structure simplification, and prevention or suppression of ghost occurrence in fish shadow display (duplicate display of one school of fish in the overlapping part of the detection range), 2 and 0 2 It is preferable to match with.
- the spread angles S 2 of the ultrasonic waves emitted from the piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 are the same (see FIG. 5), but the spread angles are different.
- a piezoelectric element having directivity may be arranged. In short, a gap is not formed in the detection range in the vertical plane.
- the two piezoelectric elements 21 and 22 are provided in the transducer 20.
- three or more piezoelectric elements are provided to perform a wider range of detection. 4000984
- the spread angle of each ultrasonic wave emitted from the third, fourth, and fifth piezoelectric elements is S 3 , ⁇ 4 ) ⁇ 5 , and the horizontal direction and the third, fourth, and fifth piezoelectric elements
- the detection ranges of the third, fourth, and fifth piezoelectric elements are 15 to 25 degrees, 25 to 35 degrees, and 35 to 45 degrees. Degree, etc.
- the first piezoelectric element 21 and the second piezoelectric element 22 are configured to emit ultrasonic waves alternately with a different excitation time (see FIG. 6).
- the characteristic frequency of the piezoelectric element 21 and the characteristic frequency of the second piezoelectric element 22 may be shifted from each other, and in this case, it is possible to easily specify in which angular range the ultrasonic wave is emitted.
- the display device 47 and the fish shadow display processing means 53 are provided in the main body 40 (see FIG. 1).
- the device and the fish shadow display processing means may be provided outside the main body.
- the fish finder 200 includes the same transducer 20, a main body 240, and a mobile phone 260 as in the above embodiment.
- the switching circuits 241 and 242, the ⁇ -D converters 243, 244 and 245, the battery 246, the transmission / reception control means 251 of the processing means 250 and the fish shadow identification processing means 252 which constitute the main body 240 are respectively constructed by It has the same configuration and function as each component having the same name.
- the mobile phone 260 displays a display device 261 such as a liquid crystal screen, and a graph display and / or a numerical display of the position of the fish shadow as in the case of the fish shadow display screen 47A (see FIG. 10) of the embodiment. It is configured to include a fish shadow display processing means 262 performed on the screen of the device 261.
- the fish shadow display processing means 262 includes a CPU mounted on the mobile phone 260 and 4000984
- This external acquisition program is not a program built into the mobile phone 260 such as a web browser, but is acquired by the user after purchasing the mobile phone 260 from a server connected to the network, and the memory (non- (For example, a JAVA application created according to the “i-appli” or “EZ appli” (each trademark) which is the specification of the network connection service provided by the mobile phone company. is there. More specifically, for example, it is preferable to use a JAVA application or the like that operates in a JAVA execution environment or the like according to the CLDC (Connected Limited Device Configuration) standard.
- This CLDC standard is a small terminal such as a mobile phone or a personal digital assistant (PDA) in the execution environment defined as a part of J AVA2ME, and its functions such as CPU and memory capacity are limited. This configuration is for devices.
- the information necessary for the fish shadow display is transmitted from the fish shadow identification processing means 252 to the fish shadow display processing means 262 of the mobile phone 260.
- the shadow display position information may be, for example, information in meters, or information converted into coordinate positions on the screen.).
- information necessary for displaying the fish shadow is transmitted by using a cable (not shown) different from the cable 11 (see FIG. 2) connected to the main body 240, for example, in the mobile phone 260. It may be performed by connecting to an external keyboard connection port (external numeric keypad connection port), or a certain port may be configured to receive data from an IrDA port, USB port, Bluetooth port, or the like.
- the mobile phone 260 already owned by the user is used. Since the fish shadow display can be performed by using the function, the production cost of the fish finder 200 can be reduced.
- the fast Fourier transform processing of the above embodiment that is, the sampling time interval is set to be long enough to remove high-frequency noise
- the process of performing the fast Fourier transform by providing points is not limited to the application to the case where a fish finder is detected using a transducer having a plurality of piezoelectric elements.
- the invention of such a fish finder and the invention of a fish finder method are inherent.
- a transducer including a piezoelectric element for emitting ultrasonic waves into water and receiving the reflected waves;
- Fish shadow identification processing means for performing processing for identifying a fish shadow based on the reflected wave received by the piezoelectric element therein, and fish for performing processing for displaying the fish shadow identified by the fish shadow identification processing means on a screen of a display device.
- a shadow display processing means wherein the fish shadow identification processing means removes a high frequency noise generated from a water surface wave near the transducer or a bottom terrain from a fish finder signal obtained from the reflected wave power received by the piezoelectric element.
- a fish finder method for detecting a school of fish by emitting ultrasonic waves into the water and capturing the reflected waves, the ultrasonic waves are emitted into the water by a piezoelectric element provided in the transducer, and the reflected waves are converted by the piezoelectric element.
- the fish detection signal obtained from the reflected wave received by the piezoelectric element may be used to determine the surface wave or water wave near the transducer.
- Sampling is performed at a sampling time interval long enough to remove high-frequency noise generated from underwater terrain, and an approximation that holds the sampled signal value as it is for the time equivalent to the sampling time interval is performed.
- a pseudo-sampler that uses the same value as the sampled signal value as the sampling value.
- the fish finder and the fish finder transducer according to the present invention include, for example, a transducer mounted on a user's foot, and a result of identifying a fish shadow based on a fish finder signal obtained by the transducer.
- it is suitable for use in a leisure-type simple fish finder for displaying on a screen with a display device held by a user.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
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JP2005517368A JP4058074B2 (ja) | 2004-02-02 | 2004-02-02 | 魚群探知機および魚群探知機用トランスデューサ |
PCT/JP2004/000984 WO2005073756A1 (ja) | 2004-02-02 | 2004-02-02 | 魚群探知機および魚群探知機用トランスデューサ |
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PCT/JP2004/000984 WO2005073756A1 (ja) | 2004-02-02 | 2004-02-02 | 魚群探知機および魚群探知機用トランスデューサ |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013108088A1 (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-07-25 | Uab Friday Lab | Tablet or smart phone compatible fish finder device |
CN107996487A (zh) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-08 | 湖南理工学院 | 一种鱼缸自动投食装置及方法 |
US9989639B2 (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2018-06-05 | Vexilar, Inc. | Wireless water regimen detecting device, system and method based on WIFI |
CN111289996A (zh) * | 2018-12-06 | 2020-06-16 | 安徽站乾科技有限公司 | 一种基于雷达成像的多用途预警系统 |
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Also Published As
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JPWO2005073756A1 (ja) | 2007-07-26 |
JP4058074B2 (ja) | 2008-03-05 |
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