WO2005073440A1 - シリコン単結晶の引上げ方法 - Google Patents
シリコン単結晶の引上げ方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005073440A1 WO2005073440A1 PCT/JP2005/000882 JP2005000882W WO2005073440A1 WO 2005073440 A1 WO2005073440 A1 WO 2005073440A1 JP 2005000882 W JP2005000882 W JP 2005000882W WO 2005073440 A1 WO2005073440 A1 WO 2005073440A1
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- ingot
- single crystal
- silicon single
- pulling
- inert gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/14—Heating of the melt or the crystallised materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/20—Controlling or regulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/30—Mechanisms for rotating or moving either the melt or the crystal
- C30B15/305—Stirring of the melt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B35/00—Apparatus not otherwise provided for, specially adapted for the growth, production or after-treatment of single crystals or of a homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10S117/917—Magnetic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1024—Apparatus for crystallization from liquid or supercritical state
- Y10T117/1032—Seed pulling
- Y10T117/1068—Seed pulling including heating or cooling details [e.g., shield configuration]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T117/00—Single-crystal, oriented-crystal, and epitaxy growth processes; non-coating apparatus therefor
- Y10T117/10—Apparatus
- Y10T117/1024—Apparatus for crystallization from liquid or supercritical state
- Y10T117/1032—Seed pulling
- Y10T117/1072—Seed pulling including details of means providing product movement [e.g., shaft guides, servo means]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for raising a silicon single crystal ingot from a silicon melt while applying a cusp (CUSP) magnetic field to the silicon melt.
- CUSP cusp
- a method for manufacturing a silicon single crystal a method of pulling an ingot of a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method (hereinafter, referred to as CZ method) is known.
- CZ method a seed crystal is brought into contact with a silicon melt stored in a quartz crucible, and the seed crystal is pulled up while rotating the quartz crucible and the seed crystal, thereby forming an elongated neck at the bottom of the seed crystal. Let it.
- the pulling speed and temperature are adjusted to increase the diameter to a constant diameter portion having a predetermined diameter, and thereafter, the single crystal having a constant diameter is grown by pulling upward while rotating in accordance with the crystal growth.
- the single crystal that has reached a predetermined length is gradually reduced in crystal diameter from the fixed diameter part, and finally has a diameter of zero and is separated from the silicon melt.
- the crystal to be pulled is rotated around the central axis, and at the same time, the quartz crucible containing the silicon melt is rotated in the opposite direction to the crystal, wires are used for pulling, and the atmosphere inside the chamber is depressurized with inert gas. For example, eliminating the SiO gas generated as the bottom.
- oxygen in silicon single crystal produced by CZ method plays a large role in device fabrication. For example, it is necessary to maintain the strength of silicon A8.
- the oxygen precipitates generated by the heat treatment getter impurities introduced from the surface of the silicon wafer. However, if this oxygen is too much, oxygen precipitates will degrade device characteristics near the wafer surface. Therefore, it is necessary to control the oxygen concentration at a certain level.
- the oxygen concentration of the ingot pulled up by the conventional CZ method increases when the amount of melt increases at the top side of the ingot as shown in Fig. 12. It was difficult to lower the oxygen concentration.
- a silicon melt is applied with a cusp (CUSP) magnetic field while applying a magnetic field.
- CUSP cusp
- a method of pulling a con single crystal ingot from a silicon melt is known.
- upper and lower coils are arranged at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction outside a chamber provided with a quartz crucible therein. Then, by passing currents in opposite directions to the upper coil and the lower coil, a cusp magnetic field is generated from the center of each of the upper coil and the lower coil and passes through the neutral plane between the upper coil and the lower coil.
- OISFs Oxidation Induced Stacking Faults
- COP Crystal Originated Particles
- LD interstitial type large dislocations
- the COP is a pit caused by a crystal that appears on the surface of the silicon wafer after the mirror-polished silicon wafer is washed with a mixed solution of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide.
- This COP causes deterioration of electrical characteristics such as time-dependent dielectric breakdown characteristics (Time D mark endent dielectric breakdown, TDDB) and oxide film breakdown voltage characteristics (Time Zero Dielectric Breakdown, TZDB).
- time D mark endent dielectric breakdown, TDDB time-dependent dielectric breakdown characteristics
- TZDB oxide film breakdown voltage characteristics
- a method for producing a silicon single crystal ingot for cutting out a defect-free silicon wafer having no OISF, COP and LD has been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- a silicon single crystal ingot is pulled up at a high speed, a region [V] where agglomerates of vacancy type point defects are predominantly formed inside the ingot, and when the ingot is pulled up at a low speed, A region [I] is formed inside the ingot where the aggregates of interstitial silicon type point defects predominantly exist.
- the above-mentioned manufacturing method by pulling the ingot at an optimum pulling speed, it is possible to manufacture a silicon single crystal having a non-perfect area [P] force without the point defect aggregates. .
- Patent Document 1 U.S. Patent No. 6,045,610
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-11-1393
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for pulling a silicon single crystal capable of producing an ingot of a silicon single crystal free of point defects over substantially the entire length without reducing the pure margin.
- an upper coil 51 and a lower coil 52 are provided at predetermined intervals in a vertical direction outside a chamber 11 in which a quartz crucible 13 is provided.
- the upper coil 51 and the lower coil 52 are separated from each other by passing currents in opposite directions to the upper coil 51 and the lower coil 52, so that the center between the upper coil 51 and the lower coil 52 is A cusp magnetic field 53 having an intensity of 50 gauss or more passes through the vertical surface 53a, rotates the quartz crucible 13 at a predetermined rotation speed, and supplies an inert gas into the inside of the chamber 11 from the upper part of the chamber 11.
- the inert gas flows down inside the heat shield member 36 provided inside the chamber, and the silicon single crystal ingot 25 including the top side ingot 25a and the bottom side ingot 25b is moved from the silicon melt 12 at a predetermined rotation speed.
- the silicon single crystal ingot 25 is pulled into the center of the heat shielding member 36 at a pulling speed at which the inside of the silicon single crystal ingot 25 becomes a perfect region free of interstitial silicon type point defect aggregates and vacancy type point defect aggregates. This is an improvement in a method of pulling a silicon single crystal pulled from a silicon single crystal.
- the heat shielding member 36 has a cylindrical portion 37 whose lower end is located above the surface of the silicon melt 12 at an interval and surrounds the outer peripheral surface of the ingot 25, and a lower portion of the cylindrical portion 37. And a bulging portion 41 bulging in the direction of the cylinder and having a heat storage member 47 provided therein, where d is 100 mm or more when the diameter of the ingot 25 is d and the inner circumference of the heat storage member 47 is provided.
- the surface is formed so that the height H is S lOmm or more and d / 2 or less and the minimum distance W from the outer peripheral surface of the ingot 25 is 10 mm or more and 0.2 d or less, and the top ingot of the silicon single crystal ingot 25 is formed.
- the flow rate of the inert gas flowing between the bulging portion 41 and the ingot 25 when the 25a is pulled up is between the bulging portion 41 and the ingot 25 when the bottom ingot 25b of the silicon single crystal ingot 25 is pulled up. Is higher than the flow rate of the inert gas flowing down.
- the crystal in the bottom ingot 25b is reduced due to the decrease in the concentration of oxygen removed from the surface of the silicon melt as the bow I is raised.
- the amount of oxygen taken in increases.
- a silicon single crystal ingot 25 having a relatively uniform oxygen concentration can be manufactured.
- the inert gas flow rate correlates with the inert gas flow rate, which is the difference between the maximum pulling speed and the minimum pulling speed, which is the perfect area where no point defect aggregates exist, and the inert gas flow rate. It has been found that when the gas flow rate decreases, the margin decreases (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-220875).
- the margin does not decrease even if the flow rate is reduced.
- the cause is not clear, the magnetic field distribution of the melt changes due to the decrease of the silicon melt.
- the convection of the melt changes, unlike the case without the magnetic field, it is considered that the margin is not reduced and the force is reduced.
- the invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas flowing between the bulging portion 41 and the ingot 25 when the top-side ingot 25a is pulled up is represented by the following formula ( The flow velocity index S obtained in 1) is set faster than the flow velocity index S obtained by the following equation (1) of the inert gas flowing between the bulging portion 41 and the ingot 25 when the bottom ingot 25b is pulled up. This is a method for pulling a silicon single crystal.
- Po is the atmospheric pressure (Pa) outside the chamber 11
- E is the internal pressure (Pa) of the chamber 11
- F is the pressure P o ( the flow rate in Pa) (m 3 Z sec)
- a is the cross-sectional area between the bulge portion 41 and the silicon single crystal ingot 25 (m 2).
- a change in convection of the silicon melt 12 due to a decrease in the silicon melt 12 in the quartz crucible 13 due to the pulling of the ingot 25 can be minimized.
- the temperature gradient G in the vertical direction of the ingot 25 near the solid-liquid interface between the silicon melt 12 and the ingot 25 is distributed almost uniformly in the radial direction of the ingot 25 over almost the entire length of the ingot 25. It is considered that no agglomerates of point defects are generated in the pulling direction of the ingot 25, and it is possible to pull up the ingot 25 which is a perfect area over almost the entire length. Therefore, it is considered that such a method of pulling a silicon single crystal can produce a silicon single crystal ingot having no point defect aggregate over almost the entire length without reducing the pure margin.
- the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the upper coil 51 and the lower coil 52 are disposed at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction outside the chamber 11 in which the quartz crucible 13 is provided.
- a cusp magnetic field 53 passing through a neutral plane 53a between the upper coil and the lower coil is generated, and a quartz crucible 13 is generated.
- the silicon single crystal ingot 25 including the top side ingot 25a and the bottom side ingot 25b is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed from the silicon melt 12 at a predetermined rotation speed, and the inside of the silicon single crystal ingot 25 is interstitial silicon.
- the silicon single crystal ingot 25 was pulled at a pulling speed that was a perfect area where the agglomerates of type point defects and the agglomerates of vacancy type point defects did not exist. Pull up from center This is an improvement in the method for pulling silicon single crystals.
- the heat shield member 36 is characterized in that the lower end of the heat shielding member 36 is located above the surface of the silicon melt 12 at an interval from the surface of the silicon melt 12 and surrounds the outer peripheral surface of the ingot 25. And a bulging portion 41 bulging in the direction of the cylinder and having a heat storage member 47 provided therein, where d is 100 mm or more when the diameter of the ingot 25 is d and the inner circumference of the heat storage member 47 is provided.
- the surface is formed so that the height H is SlOmm or more and dZ2 or less and the minimum distance W from the outer peripheral surface of the ingot 25 is 10 mm or more and 0.2 dmm or less, and the top ingot 25a of the silicon single crystal ingot 25 is formed.
- Strength of the cusp magnetic field 53 at the time of pulling of the silicon single crystal ingot 25 is set to be larger than the strength of the cusp magnetic field 53 at the time of pulling of the bottom ingot 25b of the silicon single crystal ingot 25.
- the Lorentz force due to the induced current generated in the silicon melt 12 by the magnetic field is reduced as compared with the case where the top ingot 25a is pulled, and Relatively free movement of the silicon melt 12 stored in the crucible 13 is allowed.
- the movement of the silicon melt 12 With the movement of the silicon melt 12, the movement of oxygen in the silicon melt is also allowed, and the amount of oxygen taken into the crystal in the bottom ingot 25b increases.
- the pure margin which is the difference between the maximum pulling speed and the minimum pulling speed, which is a perfect area in which the aggregate of point defects does not exist over the entire cross section of the ingot, cannot be reduced.
- the flow rate of the inert gas flowing between the bulging portion and the ingot when the top-side ingot is pulled up is reduced by the inert gas when the bottom-side ingot is pulled up.
- the amount of oxygen taken into the crystal at the bottom ingot increases because the flow rate of the gas is larger than that of the gas, or because the strength of the cusp magnetic field when the top ingot is pulled is set higher than the strength of the cusp magnetic field when the bottom ingot is pulled.
- a silicon single crystal ingot having a relatively uniform oxygen concentration can be manufactured.
- a quartz crucible 13 for storing a silicon melt 12 is provided in a chamber 11 of a silicon single crystal pulling apparatus 10, and an outer peripheral surface of the quartz crucible 13 is covered with a graphite susceptor 14.
- the lower surface of the quartz crucible 13 is fixed to the upper end of a support shaft 16 via the graphite susceptor 14, and the lower portion of the support shaft 16 is connected to crucible driving means 17.
- the crucible driving means 17 has a first rotation motor (not shown) for rotating the quartz crucible 13 and a lifting motor for raising and lowering the quartz crucible 13, and these motors rotate the quartz crucible 13 in a predetermined direction. And can be moved up and down.
- the outer peripheral surface of the quartz crucible 13 is surrounded by a heater 18 at a predetermined interval from the quartz crucible 13, and the heater 18 is surrounded by a heat retaining tube 19.
- the heater 18 heats and melts the high-purity polycrystalline silicon charged in the quartz crucible 13 to form a silicon melt 12.
- a cylindrical casing 21 is connected to the upper end of the chamber 11.
- the casing 21 is provided with a pulling means 22.
- the pulling means 22 includes a pulling head (not shown) provided at the upper end of the casing 21 so as to be rotatable in a horizontal state, a second rotation motor (not shown) for rotating the head, and quartz heads. It has a wire cable 23 hanging down toward the center of rotation of the crucible 13 and a pulling motor (not shown) provided in the head for winding or feeding the wire cable 23. At the lower end of the wire cable 23, a seed crystal 24 for attaching the silicon single crystal ingot 25 by dipping in the silicon melt 12 is attached.
- a gas supply / discharge means 28 for supplying an inert gas to the ingot side of the chamber 11 and discharging the inert gas from the inner peripheral surface side of the crucible of the chamber 11 is connected to the chamber 11.
- the gas supply / discharge means 28 includes a supply pipe 29 having one end connected to the peripheral wall of the casing 21 and the other end connected to a tank (not shown) for storing the inert gas, and one end connected to the chamber 11.
- a discharge pipe 30 connected to the lower wall of the first and second ends and connected to a vacuum pump (not shown).
- the supply pipe 29 and the discharge pipe 30 are provided with first and second flow control valves 31 and 32 for adjusting the flow rate of the inert gas flowing through these pipes 29 and 30, respectively.
- an encoder (not shown) is provided on an output shaft (not shown) of the pulling motor, and an encoder (not shown) for detecting the elevation position of the support shaft 16 is provided on the crucible driving means 17.
- Each detection output of the two encoders is connected to a control input of a controller (not shown), and the control output of the controller is connected to a lifting motor of the lifting means 22 and a lifting motor of the crucible driving means 17, respectively.
- the controller is provided with a memory (not shown), in which the winding length of the wire cable 23 relative to the detection output of the encoder, that is, the pulling length of the ingot 25 is stored as a first map.
- the liquid level of the silicon melt 12 in the quartz crucible 13 with respect to the pulling length of the ingot 25 is stored as a second map.
- the controller controls the lifting motor of the crucible driving means 17 so that the liquid level of the silicon melt 12 in the quartz crucible 13 is always kept at a constant level based on the detection output of the encoder in the pulling motor. It is composed of
- a heat shielding member 36 surrounding the outer peripheral surface of the ingot 25 is provided between the outer peripheral surface of the ingot 25 and the inner peripheral surface of the quartz crucible 13.
- the heat shielding member 36 has a cylindrical portion 37 formed in a cylindrical shape and shielding radiant heat from the heater 18, and a flange portion 38 provided at an upper edge of the cylindrical portion 37 and extending outward in a substantially horizontal direction.
- the heat shield member 36 is fixed in the chamber 11 by placing the flange portion 38 on the heat retaining cylinder 19 so that the lower edge of the cylinder portion 37 is located a predetermined distance above the surface of the silicon melt 12. Is done.
- the cylindrical portion 37 in this embodiment is a cylindrical body having the same diameter, and a bulging portion 41 bulging in a direction inside the cylinder is provided below the cylindrical portion 37.
- the bulging portion 41 is connected to the lower edge of the cylindrical portion 37 and extends horizontally to reach the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface of the ingot 25.
- a vertical wall 44 and an upper wall 46 connected to the upper edge of the vertical wall 44.
- the cylindrical portion 37 and the bottom wall 42 are formed integrally, and the upper wall 46 and the vertical wall 44 are formed integrally.
- the cylindrical portion 37, the bottom wall 42, the upper wall 46, and the vertical wall 44 are made of thermally stable and high-purity graphite or graphite. Is preferably made of graphite coated with SiC, but it is also possible to use thermally stable materials such as Mo (molybdenum) and W (tungsten).
- the upper wall 46 is formed so that its diameter increases horizontally or upwards, and the upper edge is connected to the cylindrical portion 37.
- a ring-shaped heat storage member 47 is provided inside the bulging portion 41 surrounded by the lower portion of the cylindrical portion 37, the bottom wall 42, the vertical wall 44, and the upper wall 46.
- the heat storage member 47 in this embodiment is formed by filling the inside of the bulging portion 41 with a felt material made of carbon fiber.
- the heat storage member 47 provided inside the bulging portion 41 has an inner peripheral surface parallel to the axis of the ingot 25 formed by the vertical wall 44 forming the bulging portion 41, and the diameter of the ingot 25 is d.
- the inner peripheral surface of the heat storage member 47 is formed so that the height H is not less than 10 mm and not more than d / 2 and the minimum distance W with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the ingot 25 is not less than 35 mm and not more than 35 mm.
- the height H should be within the range of 10mm d / 2mm.
- the limitation to the box is that if it is less than 10 mm, the radiant heat from the silicon melt cannot be sufficiently insulated.If it exceeds d / 2 mm, it becomes difficult to promote the heat radiation from the single crystal rod. This is because there is a problem that the pulling speed cannot be increased.
- the reason why the above minimum distance W is limited to the range of 10-0.2d is that when it is less than 10mm, it swells during pulling.
- an upper coil 51 and a lower coil 52 each having a coil diameter larger than the outer diameter of the chamber 11, respectively rotate the rotation axis of the quartz crucible 13.
- the coils are arranged at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction with respect to the coil center.
- a cusp magnetic field 53 is generated from the center of each of the upper coil and the lower coil through the neutral plane 53a between the upper coil and the lower coil.
- the upper coil 51 and the lower coil 52 may have the same size or different sizes.
- an ingot 25 including a top-side ingot 25a and a bottom-side ingot 25b is pulled from the silicon melt 12 while applying a cusp magnetic field 53 to the silicon melt 12 using the upper coil 51 and the lower coil 52.
- a cusp magnetic field 53 is generated by Opposite currents flow through the coil 51 and the lower coil 52, thereby generating a cusp magnetic field 53 passing from the center of each of the upper coil 51 and the lower coil 52 through the neutral plane 53a between the upper coil 51 and the lower coil 52.
- the neutral plane 53a is a horizontal plane between the upper coil 51 and the lower coil 52 where the magnetic field intensity in the vertical direction becomes zero.
- the strength of the cusp magnetic field 53 is controlled to 50 gauss or more.
- the magnetic field strength is the horizontal strength of the cusp magnetic field on the circumference of the neutral plane of the cusp magnetic field and 300 mm away from the intersection with the rotation axis of the quartz crucible.
- an inert gas is supplied from above the chamber 11 into the chamber 11 by adjusting the first and second flow control valves 31 and 32.
- an inert gas is supplied, the SiO gas generated from the silicon melt is effectively discharged to the outside of the furnace, and the inert gas flows between the bulging portion 41 and the ingot 25 to cool the crystal. An effect or an effect of changing convection by cooling the melt is produced.
- the inert gas that has flowed down between the bulging portion 41 and the ingot 25 then passes between the surface of the silicon melt 12 and the lower end of the heat shielding member 26 and is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 30.
- the quartz crucible 13 for storing the silicon melt 12 was rotated at a predetermined rotation speed, and the seed crystal 24 was immersed in the silicon melt 12 while rotating at a predetermined rotation speed in a direction opposite to the quartz crucible 13.
- the ingot 25 is pulled up from the silicon melt 12 by pulling up the seed crystal 24.
- the seed crystal 24 is pulled up at a predetermined bow 1 raising speed profile in which the inside of the ingot 25 is a perfect region where the aggregates of interstitial silicon type point defects and the aggregates of vacancy type point defects do not exist.
- the ingot 25 has a top ingot 25a that is continuously pulled up to the seed crystal 24, and a bottom ingot 25b that is continuously pulled up to the top ingot.
- the range of the top ingot 25a and the bottom ingot 25b is determined by the solidification rate of the pulled ingot 25. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 4, the top ingot 25a has a solidification rate of 0.15-0.30, and the bottom ingot 25b has a solidification rate of 0.50-0.65. Part.
- the solidification rate is the ratio of the weight of the ingot 25 raised by the bow I to the initial charge weight of the silicon melt 12 initially stored in the quartz crucible 13.
- the flow force of the inert gas flowing down between the bulging portion 41 when the top ingot 25a is pulled up and the ingot 25 The bulging portion 41 when the bottom ingot 25b is pulled up and the ingot
- the flow rate is adjusted so as to be higher than the flow rate of the inert gas flowing between 25 and 25.
- the flow rate of the inert gas is adjusted to be reduced by a certain amount. With such adjustment, it is considered that the concentration of oxygen removed from the surface of the silicon melt decreases, and the amount of oxygen taken into the crystal in the bottom ingot 25b increases.
- FIG. 6 a silicon single crystal ingot having a relatively uniform oxygen concentration can be manufactured.
- the flow rate index S of the inert gas flowing between the bulging portion 41 when the top ingot 25a is pulled up and the ingot 25 is equal to the bulging portion 41 when the bottom ingot 25b is pulled up. It is set faster than the flow rate index S of the inert gas flowing down between the ingot 25 and the ingot 25.
- the velocity index S is a value obtained by the following equation (1).
- Po is the atmospheric pressure (Pa) outside the chamber 11
- E is the internal pressure (Pa) of the chamber 11
- F is the room pressure supplied to the chamber 11.
- A is the cross-sectional area (m 2 ) between the bulge 41 and the ingot 25.
- the temperature gradient G in the vertical direction of the ingot 25 near the solid-liquid interface between the silicon melt 12 and the ingot 25 is distributed almost uniformly in the radial direction of the ingot 25 over substantially the entire length of the ingot 25. It is considered that no aggregates of point defects are generated in the pulling direction, and the ingot 25 serving as a perfect region can be pulled over almost the entire length. Therefore, it is considered that such a method of pulling a silicon single crystal can produce a silicon single crystal ingot having no point defect aggregate over almost the entire length without reducing the pure margin.
- the pure margin is defined as the critical pulling speeds V, V 'and the interstitial silicon where the OISF ring does not exist perfectly over the entire cross section of the ingot as shown in Fig. 8.
- V-V V 'difference
- the force adjusted so as to reduce the flow rate of the inert gas by a certain amount is increased when the top side ingot 25a is pulled up.
- Flow force of inert gas flowing between part 41 and ingot 25 As long as it is greater than the flow rate of inert gas flowing between bulging part 41 and ingot 25 when raising bottom ingot 25b As shown in FIG. 7, the flow rate of the inert gas may be changed so as to decrease in a pattern suitable for controlling oxygen.
- a certain amount of inert gas is supplied from the upper part of the chamber 11 to the inside of the chamber 11 by adjusting the first and second flow control valves 31 and 32 so that the bulging part 4 1
- the flow rate of the inert gas flowing between the ingot 25 and the ingot 25 is adjusted to 5 m / s or less, preferably 2.4 to 5 ⁇ Om / s.
- the quartz crucible 13 for storing the silicon melt 12 is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed, and the seed crystal 24 is immersed in the silicon melt 12 while rotating the seed crystal 24 at a predetermined rotation speed in a direction opposite to the quartz crucible 13.
- the ingot 25 is pulled up from the silicon melt 12 by pulling up 24.
- the seed crystal 24 is pulled up with a predetermined pulling speed profile in which the inside of the ingot 25 is an out-of-perf region in which the aggregates of interstitial silicon type point defects and the aggregates of vacancy type point defects do not exist.
- the strength of the cusp magnetic field 53 at the time of pulling up the top ingot 25a of the silicon single crystal ingot 25 is determined by the strength of the bottom ingot 25b of the silicon single crystal ingot 25 at the time of pulling. Set higher than the strength of the cusp magnetic field 53.
- the magnetic field strength is set to 200 gauss or more and 300 gauss or less, and then, the strength of the cusp magnetic field 53 exceeds 0 gauss to 200 gauss. Varies gradually below Gauss.
- the other points are the same as those of the above-described first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will not be repeated. As shown in FIG.
- the temperature gradient G in the vertical direction of the ingot 25 near the solid-liquid interface between the silicon melt 12 and the ingot 25 becomes large in the radial direction of the ingot 25 over almost the entire length of the ingot 25. It is considered that the ingot 25 is almost uniformly distributed, no point defect aggregates are generated in the pulling direction of the ingot 25, and the ingot 25 which is a perfect area can be pulled over almost the entire length. Therefore, it is considered that such a method of pulling a silicon single crystal can produce a silicon single crystal ingot having point defects and no agglomerates over almost the entire length without reducing the pure margin.
- the magnetic field strength may be changed so as to decrease at a fixed rate.
- Example 1 120 kg of a polysilicon (polycrystalline silicon) material was charged using a pulling device 10 shown in FIG. 1, and an ingot 25 having a diameter of about 200 mm was pulled. 200 g A mouse cusp field 53 was generated.
- the flow rate of the inert gas flowing between the bulging portion 41 and the ingot 25 at the time of pulling up was made constant at 110 liter / min in terms of room temperature. (Hereinafter, the flow rate of the inert gas is converted to room temperature.)
- the ingot pulled up at a predetermined pulling rate in this manner was used as Example 1.
- Example 2 The ingot was pulled up in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the flow rate of the inert gas flowing between the bulging portion 41 and the ingot 25 at the time of pulling was fixed at 90 liter / min. This ingot was designated as Example 2.
- Example 3 The ingot was pulled in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the strength of the cusp magnetic field was set to 100 Gauss. This ingot was designated as Example 3.
- Example 1 After slicing the ingot of Example 3 in the axial direction, a predetermined heat treatment was performed to measure the lifetime, and the upper limit of the pulling speed at which no aggregates of interstitial silicon type point defects shown in FIG. 8 were generated. V, pure margin (V-V), and oxygen concentration
- the pure margin is 0.0 in the top-side ingot 25a in Example 2, but the pure margin is in the top-side ingot 25a in Example 1.
- the oxygen concentration in Example 1 was lower in the bottom ingot than in the top ingot, and the decrease was lower than that in Example 2 in the bottom side. Therefore, the flow force of the inert gas that flows between the bulging portion 41 when the top ingot 25a is pulled up and the ingot 25 flows between the bulging portion 41 and the ingot 25 when the bottom ingot 25b is pulled up.
- the flow rate to be higher than the flow rate of the inert gas, it is considered that a silicon single crystal ingot free of point defect aggregates can be manufactured over almost the entire length without reducing the oxygen concentration.
- the pure margin is 0.4 (relative value) in the top ingot 25a in the third embodiment, but the pure margin is 1.0 (relative value) in the top ingot 25a in the first embodiment.
- the oxygen concentration of the bottom side ingot in Example 1 is lower than that of the bottom side ingot compared to the top side ingot, and the decrease shows a lower value than the oxygen concentration on the bottom side in Example 3. Therefore, if the strength of the cusp magnetic field 53 at the time of pulling up the top ingot 25a is set to be larger than the strength of the cusp magnetic field 53 at the time of pulling up the bottom ingot 25b of the silicon single crystal ingot 25, the oxygen concentration cannot be reduced. It is considered that a silicon single crystal ingot with no point defects over almost the entire length can be manufactured.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a pulling device used in the method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing a state in which a silicon single crystal ingot is pulled up while the cusp magnetic field is reduced by the apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a part A of FIG. 1 showing a heat shielding member of the device.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing an ingot pulled up by the device.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a change state of a flow rate of an inert gas according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing the relationship between the length of the ingot pulled up by the pull-up and oxygen concentration.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another change state of the flow rate of the inert gas in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing the distribution of interstitial silicon and vacancies in the ingot when the ingot is pulled up at a predetermined variable pulling rate.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a change state of a magnetic field strength in the second embodiment.
- Garden 10 Diagram showing the relationship between the length of the ingot pulled up thereby and the oxygen concentration.
- garden 11 A diagram showing another state of change in the magnetic field strength according to the second embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
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US10/561,820 US7282095B2 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2005-01-25 | Silicon single crystal pulling method |
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JP4710247B2 (ja) * | 2004-05-19 | 2011-06-29 | 株式会社Sumco | 単結晶製造装置及び方法 |
JP2006069841A (ja) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-03-16 | Sumco Corp | 磁場印加式シリコン単結晶の引上げ方法 |
US7799130B2 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2010-09-21 | Siltron, Inc. | Silicon single crystal ingot and wafer, growing apparatus and method thereof |
JP4907396B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-16 | 2012-03-28 | コバレントマテリアル株式会社 | 単結晶の製造方法 |
JP5283543B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-09 | 2013-09-04 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコン単結晶の育成方法 |
CN101949057A (zh) * | 2010-09-20 | 2011-01-19 | 邢台晶龙电子材料有限公司 | 直拉硅单晶热场 |
KR101285935B1 (ko) * | 2011-01-19 | 2013-07-12 | 주식회사 엘지실트론 | 저항 가열 사파이어 단결정 잉곳 성장장치, 저항 가열 사파이어 단결정 잉곳 제조방법, 사파이어 단결정 잉곳 및 사파이어 웨이퍼 |
TW201350632A (zh) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-12-16 | Wcube Co Ltd | 藍寶石製造裝置及鏡頭保護玻璃 |
JP5921498B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-12 | 2016-05-24 | グローバルウェーハズ・ジャパン株式会社 | シリコン単結晶の製造方法 |
JP6304424B1 (ja) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-04-04 | 株式会社Sumco | 熱遮蔽部材、単結晶引き上げ装置および単結晶シリコンインゴットの製造方法 |
US11866845B2 (en) | 2022-01-06 | 2024-01-09 | Globalwafers Co., Ltd. | Methods for growing single crystal silicon ingots that involve silicon feed tube inert gas control |
TW202328509A (zh) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-16 | 環球晶圓股份有限公司 | 用於涉及矽進料管之惰性氣體控制之單晶矽錠生長之方法 |
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JPS6033291A (ja) * | 1983-07-29 | 1985-02-20 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | 単結晶シリコンの製造方法 |
JPH0431386A (ja) * | 1990-05-25 | 1992-02-03 | Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd | 半導体単結晶引上方法 |
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JP2003002783A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-01-08 | Sumitomo Mitsubishi Silicon Corp | シリコン単結晶の製造方法 |
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US5543268A (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1996-08-06 | Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Developer solution for actinic ray-sensitive resist |
JP3104939B2 (ja) * | 1992-10-01 | 2000-10-30 | 東京応化工業株式会社 | 半導体デバイス製造用レジスト現像液組成物 |
US6045610A (en) | 1997-02-13 | 2000-04-04 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Methods of manufacturing monocrystalline silicon ingots and wafers by controlling pull rate profiles in a hot zone furnance |
SG64470A1 (en) | 1997-02-13 | 1999-04-27 | Samsung Electronics Co Ltd | Methods of manufacturing monocrystalline silicon ingots and wafers by controlling pull rate profiles in a hot zone furnace and ingots and wafers manufactured thereby |
JP2003220875A (ja) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-05 | Tcm Corp | フォークリフトのフットレスト付カバー |
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- 2005-01-25 US US10/561,820 patent/US7282095B2/en active Active
- 2005-01-25 WO PCT/JP2005/000882 patent/WO2005073440A1/ja active Application Filing
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Patent Citations (5)
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JPS6033291A (ja) * | 1983-07-29 | 1985-02-20 | Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd | 単結晶シリコンの製造方法 |
JPH0431386A (ja) * | 1990-05-25 | 1992-02-03 | Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd | 半導体単結晶引上方法 |
WO2001063027A1 (fr) * | 2000-02-28 | 2001-08-30 | Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd | Procede de preparation d'un monocristal de silicium et monocristal de silicium obtenu |
JP2002201092A (ja) * | 2000-11-27 | 2002-07-16 | Siltron Inc | 単結晶インゴットの製造装置 |
JP2003002783A (ja) * | 2001-06-15 | 2003-01-08 | Sumitomo Mitsubishi Silicon Corp | シリコン単結晶の製造方法 |
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US20070119365A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
JP2005213097A (ja) | 2005-08-11 |
KR20070038484A (ko) | 2007-04-10 |
KR100806001B1 (ko) | 2008-02-26 |
KR100798594B1 (ko) | 2008-01-28 |
US7282095B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 |
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