WO2005067166A1 - Appareil et procede d'ajustement pour liaison de transmission d'antenne reseau - Google Patents

Appareil et procede d'ajustement pour liaison de transmission d'antenne reseau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005067166A1
WO2005067166A1 PCT/CN2003/001149 CN0301149W WO2005067166A1 WO 2005067166 A1 WO2005067166 A1 WO 2005067166A1 CN 0301149 W CN0301149 W CN 0301149W WO 2005067166 A1 WO2005067166 A1 WO 2005067166A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
power
transmission link
calibration
phase
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2003/001149
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wenjie Wang
Tiansheng Guo
Original Assignee
Zte Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zte Corporation filed Critical Zte Corporation
Priority to EP03788754.4A priority Critical patent/EP1705807B1/en
Priority to US10/585,014 priority patent/US7869828B2/en
Priority to KR1020067013271A priority patent/KR101019521B1/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2003/001149 priority patent/WO2005067166A1/zh
Priority to CN200380110693XA priority patent/CN1879311B/zh
Priority to AU2003296229A priority patent/AU2003296229A1/en
Publication of WO2005067166A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005067166A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/005Control of transmission; Equalising
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/12Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14Relay systems
    • H04B7/15Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155Ground-based stations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an array antenna calibration technology in the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular, to an apparatus and method for calibrating an array antenna transmission link, which is not only applicable to amplitude and phase consistency calibration of a transmission link of a phased array radar system, but also applicable to On-line calibration of a smart antenna base station transmit link using an array antenna in a wireless communication system.
  • the uplink signals received by the base station include both signals from mobile stations in the cell and co-frequency signals from mobile stations in other cells.
  • the same frequency interference becomes more serious. Therefore, the same frequency interference will directly affect the reception effect of the base station and the mobile station, which will reduce the effective coverage radius of the base station and deteriorate the communication quality.
  • the base station needs to be able to selectively receive uplink signals to suppress interference, and implement directional transmission of downlink signals, that is, the main lobe of the downlink beam is directed to the desired user, and zero or Lower-strength beam side lobes can reduce co-channel interference between cells, expand cell coverage, and improve communication quality.
  • a conventional beamforming technology can be adopted, such as an adaptive beamforming technology.
  • adaptive beamforming technology the main lobe of the beam can always point in the direction of the desired mobile user, and can follow the user's movement.
  • TDD time division duplex
  • the propagation path of the uplink and downlink signals in the air is symmetrical, that is, the propagation path of the uplink signal and the downlink signal are the same, but the propagation directions are opposite. Therefore, the beam weight calculated by the adaptive algorithm can be used. The value is directly applied to the downlink direction, and the directional transmission can be realized.
  • the uplink and downlink channels and feeders need to be corrected to compensate for the difference in amplitude and phase.
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • the uplink direction of the signal can be used to estimate the direction of the signal DOA
  • D0A information can be applied to the downlink guidance transmission, but to form a beam with a given direction, the transmission link and feeder must also be corrected.
  • a relatively simple fixed multi-beam method can also be used to implement directional reception and transmission.
  • Fixed multi-beamforming is the use of several fixed-pointing uplink and downlink beams to cover the entire sector's reception and transmission.
  • the beam weights of fixed multi-beamforming can be determined by simulation, but the uplink of the actual system cannot be determined during simulation.
  • the amplitude and phase characteristics of the downlink channel can only be considered to be consistent with the amplitude and phase characteristics of the uplink and downlink channels. Similar to the adaptive beamforming method, the downlink beam needs to be accurately shaped, and the transmission link and feeder must be corrected.
  • the downlink common channel is broadcast. If digital beamforming is used, a set of omnidirectional beam weights can be obtained through simulation calculations for omnidirectional broadcast coverage, or a wide beam weight can be calculated for downlink sectors. Broadcast coverage. If a Butler matrix is used for beamforming, the equivalent beam weight of the Butler matrix needs to be calculated or measured in advance, and then secondary beamforming is performed in the baseband to solve the transmission problem of the downlink common channel. Similarly, to accurately shape the wide beam formed by the above method, the transmission link and the feeder must be corrected.
  • the base station When performing downlink calibration, the base station sends a calibration signal, the beacon antenna receives the calibration signal, and then calculates the calibration weight for the uplink and downlink of the base station. .
  • the advantage of this calibration method is that the consistency of the amplitude and phase of the entire transmit and receive link can be calibrated.
  • equipment such as signal transceivers and beacon antennas need to be calibrated, the complexity and cost of base station implementation are increased.
  • the target antenna When the target antenna is placed in the far-field area, it will have a relatively severe multipath signal effect.
  • the calibration signal reaches the antenna array as a non-planar wave. Therefore, the calculation of the calibration weight is complicated.
  • the gain of each antenna unit and the corresponding antenna feeder is considered The inconsistency error between phase and phase is not time-varying.
  • the calibration method is basically similar to the calibration method of category (2), because the calibration weight obtained by calculation is not the calibration of the entire link. This method needs to be corrected with the measurement results.
  • this method has the advantage that it does not use a beacon antenna and the corresponding antenna feeder, but still needs to calibrate the signal transceiver. The amplitude and phase characteristics of antenna feeders need to be measured, resulting in a complicated calibration device and high cost.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a calibration device and method for aligning an antenna transmission link of an array antenna to overcome the current problem.
  • the array calibration technology has the disadvantages of complex calibration devices, the need for a dedicated calibration signal transceiver device, the amplitude and phase characteristics of antenna feeders, and the practical difficulties of engineering. This simplifies the complexity and implementation difficulty of the system.
  • the array antenna transmission link includes an array transmitter, n power amplifiers, n uplink and downlink signal separation devices, and n antenna units, an array transmitter, and n Power amplifiers and n uplink and downlink signal separation devices are located in the base station, the output of the baseband signal processing module enters the array transmitter, and the array transmitter sends n signals, after passing through the power amplifier and the uplink and downlink signal separation devices, The antenna unit sends it out;
  • the calibration equipment includes a power detection signal separation device, a power detection signal feed device, a power detection device, a signal synthesis device, and an array calibration device;
  • the power detection signal separation device receives a signal from an uplink and downlink signal separation device, filters out a DC signal in a radio frequency signal, and sends a high frequency radio frequency signal to the power detection signal feeding device; Extract the power signal from the signal sent by the power detection signal feeding device, perform calibration weight adjustment, and send the adjusted calibration weight to the array calibration device;
  • the power detection signal feeding device sends, on the one hand, a high-frequency radio frequency signal output by the power detection signal separation device to the signal synthesis device, and on the other hand, the power signal and the high frequency radio frequency signal output by the power detection device Combine, and send the mixed signal to the power detection signal separation device;
  • the power detecting device is configured to perform power detection on a radio frequency signal from the signal synthesizing device, and output a power signal to the power detecting signal feeding device;
  • the signal synthesizing device is connected to n antenna units and is used to synthesize radio frequency signals and output to the power detection device.
  • the array calibration device is located between the baseband signal processing module and the array transmitter, and is configured to To calibrate the array antenna transmit link.
  • the signal synthesizing device, power detecting device, and power detecting signal feeding device may form an outdoor unit with n antenna units, and be connected to the base station through a group of radio frequency cables.
  • the method for calibrating an array antenna transmission link includes the following steps: first obtaining an initial value of a gain calibration weight and a phase calibration weight of the transmission link; and then calculating a gain calibration weight and a phase calibration of the transmission link Weights: Use the calibration weights calculated above to calibrate the gain and phase of the array transmit link.
  • the device and method of the present invention do not use a calibration signal transceiver and a beacon antenna specifically used for array antenna calibration, but use a signal power detection method to calculate a transmission gain calibration weight and a transmission phase.
  • the calibration weights are simple, the algorithm has a fast convergence speed and high convergence accuracy.
  • no special calibration signal is required to be introduced into the system during calibration, which does not affect the normal communication of the system.
  • the invention also greatly simplifies the complexity of the system and facilitates engineering applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a calibration device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a signal synthesizing device 1, a power detecting device 2 and a power detecting signal feeding device 3 in the first embodiment;
  • 3 is a schematic diagram of a power detection signal separation device 4 in the first embodiment
  • 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal combining device 1, a power detecting device 2 and a power detecting signal feeding device 3 in a second embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power detection signal separation device 4 in a second embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a transmit link gain calibration according to the present invention.
  • FIG. ⁇ is a schematic diagram of a transmission link phase calibration process applicable to the calibration device shown in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a transmission link phase calibration process applicable to the calibration device shown in the second embodiment.
  • the core idea of the technical solution of the present invention is to calculate the calibration weight of the transmission link by detecting the power value of the transmission signal to realize the calibration of the transmission link of the array antenna.
  • the calibration device provided by the present invention includes a signal synthesis device 1, a signal power detection device 2, and a power detection signal feed device 3 located in an outdoor unit 100, and a power detection signal separation device 4 located in a base station 300. It communicates with the array calibration device 5, the outdoor unit 100 and the base station 300 through a radio frequency cable 200.
  • the array antenna transmission link may generally be composed of a baseband signal processing module, an array transmitter 6, n power amplifiers 7, n uplink and downlink signal separation devices 8, and n antenna units. Except for the antenna unit located in the outdoor unit 100, the rest The devices are all located in the base station 300.
  • the array transmitter 6 sends out one or more downlink signals, which are amplified by the power amplifier 7 of the respective link, and then reach the power detection signal after passing through the uplink / downlink signal separation device 8.
  • Separating device 4 In the power detection signal separation device 4, a DC signal in a radio frequency signal is filtered, and a high frequency radio frequency signal can pass directly and be sent to the power detection signal feed device 3 in the outdoor unit 100 through a radio frequency cable 200.
  • the high-frequency RF signal reaches the signal synthesizing device 1 through the power detection signal feeding device 3, and a part of the RF signal is separated in the signal synthesizing device 1, and the remaining RF signals are transmitted through n antenna units.
  • the separated RF signal is sent to the power detection device 2 for power detection, and then the power detection device 2 outputs the power signal to the power detection signal feeding device 3.
  • the power detection signal feeding device 3 combines a power signal with a high-frequency radio frequency signal, and sends the mixed signal to the power detection signal separation device 4 through a radio frequency cable 200.
  • the power detection signal separation device 4 then extracts the power signal from the mixed signal, adjusts the calibration weight, and sends the adjusted calibration weight to the array calibration device 5.
  • the array calibration device 5 is located between the baseband signal processing module and the array transmitter 6, and after receiving the adjusted calibration weights, it calibrates the transmission link of the array antenna to control the output of the array transmitter 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the signal synthesizing device 1, the power detecting device 2 and the power detecting signal feeding device 3, which is applicable to a case where a downlink (radio frequency) beam of a base station is formed using a Butler matrix.
  • the signal synthesis device 1 includes a Butler matrix, (n-1) couplers 9, (n-1) filters 10, and (n-1) adjustable attenuators 11, where the couplers 9. Filter 10 and adjustable attenuator 11 are available only on the first (n-1) transmit links.
  • the high-frequency radio frequency signal passes directly from the power detection signal feeding device 3 and reaches the signal synthesis device 1. Radio frequency beamforming is performed in the signal synthesis device 1. A small part of the radio frequency signals in each radio frequency signal after the beam formation are coupled through The separator 9 is separated. When separating the RF signal, the attenuation to the source RF signal should not be greater than ldB, for example, optional The power of the separated RF signal is 1/1000 of the power of the source signal. Most of the remaining RF signals are transmitted through the antenna unit. The separated radio frequency signal enters the signal power detection device 2 after being filtered by the filter 10 and attenuated by the adjustable attenuator 11.
  • the downlink beamforming link of the Butler matrix can be equivalent to a network composed of a power divider and some phase shifters, when there is only one transmit link to transmit a signal, the interface between the Butler matrix and each antenna unit has a signal Output, and the signal power output from each port is the same, but the phase of the signal is different, which can be equivalent to a power divider; when all downlink signals are transmitted, the Butler matrix and each antenna unit have signals at the interface The output is taken from the signal of any one of the output ports, and its characteristic is the synthesis of the signals transmitted by all downlink transmission links, which is equivalent to a signal combiner.
  • the signal synthesis and signal power division characteristics of the Butler matrix can be directly applied, and no special signal combiner is required, and the signal synthesis is directly completed on the main link.
  • a couple of signals In order not to affect the reception and transmission of high-frequency radio frequency signals, a couple of signals must be coupled with the coupler 9 for power detection before power detection.
  • the signal power detection device 2 includes (n-1) detectors 12 and (n-1) amplifiers 13 corresponding to the first transmission link to the (n-1) th transmission link, and the nth transmission link is only used for A power signal is transmitted to supply power to the outdoor unit 100.
  • the signal output by the signal synthesizing device 1 is subjected to detection and amplification processing to form a power signal and output to a power detection signal feeding device 3. Because the Butler matrix is used as the signal synthesizing device 1, when only the nth transmitting link transmits a signal, the signal power of the transmitting link can be detected from the output ports of other antenna units of the Butler matrix. Devices such as detectors and amplifiers can be omitted.
  • the power detection signal feeding device 3 includes n signal feeding units respectively corresponding to n transmission links, and each signal feeding unit includes: an inductive circuit, a capacitive circuit C1, and a capacitive circuit C2.
  • the inductive circuit L is configured to combine a low frequency signal in a power signal output by the signal power detection device 2 with a high frequency radio frequency signal.
  • the capacitive circuit C2 is used to filter high-frequency components in the power signal, and the capacitive circuit C1 is used to prevent low-frequency signals in the power detection signal from being sent to the antenna unit; and the inductive circuit L on the nth transmission link is
  • the capacitive circuit C2 is used to separate the power signal from the high-frequency radio frequency signal.
  • the capacitive circuit C2 is used to filter the high-frequency components in the power signal.
  • the capacitive circuit C1 can prevent the power signal from being sent to the antenna unit.
  • the low-frequency signal of the front (n-1) power signal is combined with the high-frequency RF signal through the inductive circuit L and the capacitive circuit C2, and the combined signal after transmission is transmitted to the power detection signal separation device 4 through the corresponding RF cable 200 .
  • the power detection signal separation device 4 includes: n inductive circuits L, n capacitive circuits C3, n capacitive circuits C4, (n-1) A / D converters, and calibration weight calculation Device 14, wherein the n-th transmit link has no A / D converter.
  • the inductive circuit L is used to separate the power signal from the combined signal, the capacitive circuit C4 is used to filter the high-frequency components in the power signal, and the capacitive circuit C3 Then prevent the power signal from being sent to the uplink and downlink signal separation device 8 corresponding to the transmission link; and for the nth transmission link, the inductive circuit L is used to combine the power signal with the high-frequency radio frequency signal, and the capacitive circuit C4 is used to filter In addition to the high-frequency component in the power supply signal, the capacitive circuit C3 prevents the power supply signal from being sent to the n-th uplink-downlink signal separation device 8.
  • the low-frequency power signal is extracted through the inductive circuit L and the capacitive circuit C4 of the first to (11-1) th transmission links, and the power signal is filtered from the mixed signal through the capacitive circuit C3. Then the low-frequency power signal is subjected to A / D conversion by the A / D converter, and the converted power signal is sent to the calibration weight calculation device. In step 14, the calibration weight calculation device 14 adjusts the calibration weight according to the magnitude of the received power signal. The adjusted calibration weights are sent to the array calibration device 5 for calibration of each transmission link.
  • the transmission link of the array antenna can be continuously calibrated until the transmission link meets the consistency requirements.
  • FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the signal synthesizing device 1, the power detecting device 2, and the power detecting signal feeding device 3, and is applicable to a case where downlink beamforming is performed in a baseband of a base station.
  • the signal synthesizing device 1 is composed of n couplers 15, n filters 16, and an n-way signal combiner 17.
  • the high-frequency radio frequency signal passes directly from the power detection signal feeding device 3 and reaches the signal synthesis device 1.
  • a small part of the radio frequency signals of each radio frequency signal are separated by the coupler 15, and most of the remaining radio frequency signals are transmitted through n antenna units.
  • the separated RF signal is processed by the filter 16 and sent to the combiner 17, and then the combined RF signal is output to the power detection device 2.
  • the power detection device 2 is composed of a detector 18 and an amplifier 19.
  • the combined RF signal is processed by the detector 18 and the amplifier 19 to form a power signal, and the power signal is sent to the power detection signal feeding device 3.
  • the power detection signal feeding device 3 includes: an inductive circuit C1 and a capacitive circuit C2 on the first transmission link and the nth transmission link, where the inductive circuit L on the first transmission link is used for power The low frequency signal in the signal is combined with the high frequency radio frequency signal.
  • the capacitive circuit C2 is used to filter out the high frequency components in the power signal, and the capacitive circuit C1 prevents the low frequency signal in the power signal from being sent to the antenna unit; the nth emission
  • the inductive circuit L on the link is used to separate the power signal from the high-frequency radio frequency signal.
  • the capacitive circuit C2 is used to filter the high-frequency components in the power signal.
  • the capacitive circuit C1 prevents the power signal from being sent to the antenna unit. .
  • the power signal is filtered by the capacitive circuit C2 of the first transmitting link and then combined with the high-frequency radio frequency signal of the first transmitting link through the inductive circuit L. Since there is only one power signal, the power signal can be combined with the high-frequency signal of any link and transmitted to the base station. Only the inductive circuit L, the capacitive circuit C1 and the capacitive circuit need to be set on the corresponding link. C2. In this embodiment, a combination with a high-frequency signal of the first transmission link is selected.
  • the combined signal after transmission is transmitted to the power detection signal separation device in the base station 300 through the corresponding radio frequency cable 200
  • the power detection signal separation device 4 includes: an inductive circuit L, a capacitive circuit C3, and a capacitive circuit C4 on the first transmission link and the nth transmission link, and further includes an A / D converter. And calibration weight calculation device 20; where the inductive circuit L on the first transmission link is used to separate the power signal from the combined signal, and the capacitive circuit C4 is used to filter the high frequency components in the power signal.
  • the capacitive circuit C3 prevents the power signal from being sent to the first uplink and downlink signal separation device 8; and the inductive circuit L on the nth transmission link is used to combine the power signal with the high-frequency radio frequency signal.
  • the capacitive circuit C4 is Capacitive circuit C3 is used to filter out high-frequency components in the power signal.
  • the capacitive circuit C3 prevents the power signal from being sent to the n-th uplink-downlink signal separation device 8.
  • the mixed signal first extracts a low-frequency power signal through the inductive circuit L and the capacitive circuit C4 on the first transmission link, and filters the power signal from the mixed signal through the capacitive circuit C3.
  • the low-frequency power signal is then output to the A / D converter for A / D conversion, and the A / D converted power signal is sent to the calibration weight calculation device 20.
  • the calibration weight calculation device 20 adjusts the calibration weight according to the magnitude of the power signal, and sends the adjusted calibration weight to the array calibration device 5 for calibrating each transmission link.
  • the transmission link of the array antenna can be continuously calibrated until the transmission link meets the consistency requirement.
  • a downlink signal of a certain energy is coupled from each antenna unit (or each antenna port of a base station) through the signal synthesizing device 1, and then the coupled downlink signal is sent to the signal power detection device 2 for signal power measurement. Therefore, the present invention does not need to measure the combined signal power through an external field beacon antenna.
  • the method for calibrating a transmission link of an array antenna includes the following steps: firstly obtaining an initial value of a gain calibration weight and a phase calibration weight of the transmission link; and then calculating a gain calibration weight and a phase calibration of the transmission link Weights: Use the calibration weights calculated above to calibrate the gain and phase of the array transmit link.
  • the calculation of the initial value of the calibration weight can be completed before the base station is put into operation.
  • the method of obtaining the initial value of the transmission link phase calibration weight is slightly different according to the different downlink beamforming methods.
  • a Butler matrix is used to implement downlink beamforming, firstly, all transmitting links are controlled to transmit signals of the same phase in baseband, and then the first transmitting link is selected as a reference channel, and the remaining transmitting links are used as calibrated channels. Adjust the phase of the transmitted signal of the calibrated channel so that the signal power of the first antenna unit is the highest, and the signal power of the other antenna units is the lowest. The phase adjustment coefficient of the transmission link at this time is saved, and it is expressed by the vector
  • the second embodiment of performing downlink beamforming in baseband first select a transmit link as a reference channel, and the remaining transmit links as a calibrated channel, and transmit signals simultaneously in the baseband control reference channel and one calibrated channel, and adjust the The phase of the baseband signal of the calibration channel is such that the power of the synthesized signal of the signals transmitted by these two channels is the lowest.
  • the conjugate of the phase adjustment coefficient of the calibrated channel is the initial value of the phase calibration weight of the channel;
  • the signal has the highest power, then the phase adjustment coefficient of the channel being calibrated is the initial value of the phase calibration weight of the channel.
  • the base station After obtaining the initial values of the gain calibration weights and the initial values of the phase calibration weights of all the transmission links, the base station is put into normal operation and can calculate the calibration weights of the transmission links. This step is the core of the method of the present invention. .
  • the calculation of the calibration weight includes the calculation of the gain calibration weight and the calculation of the phase calibration weight.
  • the rated transmit power of each transmit link is a certain, known power value ⁇ , but since each The transmission gain of each link is different, so the transmit signal power of each transmit link may not reach the rated power value.
  • the gain calibration of the transmission link is completed.
  • the beam forming apparatus uses a Butler matrix.
  • the downlink beamforming link of the Butler matrix can be equivalent to a network composed of a power divider and some phase shifters.
  • the interface between the Butler matrix and each antenna unit has a signal output. .
  • the signal power transmitted by the transmission link is P (dBm)
  • the output signal power of the interface of each antenna element of the Butler matrix is (P-201o gl . N- ⁇ s ) (dBm), where N represents the array element Number, ⁇ is the link loss power of the Butler matrix.
  • the signal synthesizing device 1 is composed of a signal combiner 17, a plurality of couplers 15, and a plurality of filters 16.
  • the power of the signal separated by the coupler 15 from the transmission link is P (dBm)
  • the power of the output signal of the signal synthesis device 1 is -i ⁇ (dBm)
  • P ⁇ s Is the link loss power of the signal synthesis device 1.
  • the gain calibration weight of each transmission link is a fixed number of points stored in a fixed number of bits of memory, so the range of the gain calibration weight of the transmission link is known, and each transmission The transmission power of the link changes monotonically with the transmission gain calibration weight.
  • the rated transmission power P ⁇ is used as the calibration reference power value, and then an optimization algorithm is used to adjust the transmission power of each transmission link.
  • the gain calibration weight of the transmission link is a set of 8-bit fixed-point numbers, and its value range is [0, 255]. Therefore, the method of adjusting the gain calibration weight of the transmission link may adopt a dichotomy method. The specific implementation steps of calibrating the gain of the transmission link are shown in FIG. 6.
  • the transmission link number NumCh 1 (step 601), determine whether the link number umCh is not greater than the number of transmission links n of the array antenna (step 60'2), and if the link number is greater than the number of transmission links n, gain The calibration ends (step 611). If the link number is less than or equal to the number of transmission links n, the NumCh transmission link is transmitted in baseband control (step 603); then the power of the transmission signal is detected to generate a power signal (step 604). Perform A / D conversion on the above power signal to obtain the power P of the transmitted signal, and determine whether the absolute value of the difference between the power P and the rated power is less than the allowable error, such as ldB
  • Step 605 if it is less than, increase the current transmission link number by 1 (step 606), and then go to step 602; if it is greater than or equal to the allowable error, determine whether the calibration can continue (step 607), the following method can be used Judgment: Determine whether the number of iterations of the dichotomy exceeds the set number of times, if it is exceeded, it is considered that the calibration cannot be continued; if it does not exceed the set number of times, further determine whether the gain calibration weight is the maximum or two adjacent dichotomy iterations If the weights of are the same, if the gain calibration weights are already the largest or the weights of two adjacent dichotomy iterations are the same, it is considered that the calibration cannot be continued.
  • step 607 if the calibration can be continued, adjust the gain calibration weight of the transmission link by using the dichotomy method (step 608), and then calibrate the NumCh transmission link according to the updated gain calibration weight, and then go to step 602. If the calibration cannot be continued, it indicates that the + NumCh transmission link gain calibration fails (step 610), and the current transmission link gain calibration is ended.
  • the phase calibration weights of the transmission link are calculated, and the phase of the transmission link is calibrated.
  • the transmission link phase calibration method is slightly different.
  • the downlink beam is formed by using a Butler matrix for beam forming.
  • the weighting coefficient of the Butler matrix to the transmitted signal can be obtained.
  • W b trick the equivalent weighting coefficient matrix of the transmission link of the Butler matrix
  • W b E.
  • the common weighting matrix of the equivalent weighting coefficient matrix is selected. Any row vector ⁇ ⁇ ... A in the yoke matrix if or inverse matrix is used as a set of beam weights. When the amplitude and phase characteristics of the baseband signals of each transmit link are the same, use this set of beam weights to perform each channel signal. After weighting, and then transmitting to the Butler matrix for RF beamforming, the expected beamforming effect is: In the antenna element interface of the Butler matrix, only one antenna element port has output, and other antenna element ports have no signal output.
  • this group of beam weights is continuously adjusted until the signal after the Butler matrix beamforming has a signal output only at the i-th antenna unit port, but no output at the other antenna unit ports.
  • the phase calibration weight selected for the transmission link is a set of 8-bit fixed-point numbers with a value range of [0, 255].
  • the phase calibration weight is calculated using a direct search method. The specific steps for calibrating the phase of the transmitting link are shown in FIG. 7.
  • step 705 Add 1 to the phase calibration weight of the NumCh transmission link (step 705) to determine whether the phase calibration weight of the NumCh transmission link does not exceed the range of the phase calibration weight (step 706), such as 255. If not, the phase of the NumCh transmission link is calibrated (step 708), and then go to step 703. If it exceeds the value range, it is judged whether the change range of the transmission signal power P meets the requirements (step 707), if not, it prompts that the phase calibration of the NumCh transmission link fails (step 709), and ends the phase calibration process.
  • the value Wphase (loop) [w (l), w (2), ⁇ .., w (n)] is WNumCh (step 713).
  • phase calibration weight Wphase (loop) is equal to the previous phase calibration weight Wphase (loop-l) (step 714), if they are equal, it means that the transmission link phase calibration is successful, and a Butler matrix transmission link is used ⁇ matrix of the equivalent weighting coefficient matrix ⁇ or inverse matrix-the first row vector in j!
  • phase calibration ends (step 715 ). If they are not equal, it is determined whether the loop variable loop is greater than the maximum number of loops M (step 716), and if yes, it indicates that the phase calibration of the transmission link has failed, and the phase calibration ends (step 717), otherwise, go to step 703.
  • the initial value of the phase calibration weight is replaced with a new phase calibration weight.
  • the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 implements downlink beamforming in the baseband of the base station.
  • the transmission link phase calibration method in this embodiment is as follows.
  • the criterion for determining the same phase is that the power value of the output signal reaches the maximum.
  • Moy, at this time ⁇ ..., ⁇ °
  • the value of A,..., A can obtain the composite signal with the maximum intensity.
  • the transmission phase calibration weight is also a fixed point number stored in a fixed-bit memory, so the transmission phase calibration weight also has a fixed value range.
  • the phase calibration weight of the transmission link is a set of 8-bit fixed-point numbers with a value range of [0, 255].
  • the direct search method is used to calculate the phase calibration weight. The specific implementation steps are shown in Figure 8. Show.
  • Wphase [0, 0, 0] (step 801). Determine whether the transmission link number NumCh is less than or equal to the number of transmission links n in the array (step 802). If it is greater than that, end the transmission link phase calibration; if it is less than or equal to n, then
  • step 803 Detect the power of the transmitted signal to form a power signal (step 804), then perform A / D conversion on the power signal to obtain the power P of the transmitted signal, and save the power value (step 805 calibrate the phase of the NumCh transmission link) Add 1 to the weight (step 806), determine the
  • phase calibration weight of the NumCh transmission links is less than or equal to the range of the phase calibration weight (step 807), such as

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Description

阵列天线发射链路的校准设备及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域的阵列天线校准技术, 具体地说, 涉及校准阵列天线发射 链路的装置和方法, 不仅适用于相控阵雷达系统的发射链路的幅度相位一致性校准, 而且适 用于无线通信系统中采用阵列天线的智能天线基站发射链路的在线校准。
技术背景
在蜂窝式无线通信系统中,随着用户数量的增加,频谱的拥塞和同信道干扰越来越严重, 为了解决这些问题,希望通过使用智能天线技术及阵列信号处理技术来改善蜂窝式无线通信 系统的通信质量, 扩大基站的覆盖范围, 提高系统容量。
对于无线通信网络中的一个基站而言,其接收到的上行信号中既有本小区移动台发出的 信号, 还有其他小区移动台发出的同频信号。 当无线通信网络中的小区越多时, 同频干扰就 越严重,因此同频干扰会直接影响基站和移动台的接收效果,使得基站的有效覆盖半径降低, 通信质量变差。 为了解决同频干扰所带来的问题, 基站需能够对上行信号实现选择接收来抑 制干扰, 对下行信号实现定向发送, 即下行波束的主瓣指向期望的用户, 而在其他用户方向 形成零点或强度较低的波束旁瓣, 这样可以减少小区之间的同信道干扰, 扩大小区覆盖范围 并改善通信质量。
实现基站的定向接收和发送可以采用传统的波束形成技术, 例如自适应波束形成技术。 采用自适应波束形成技术时, 波束的主瓣可以始终指向期望移动用户的方向, 且可以跟随用 户的移动。 在时分双工(TDD )模式下, 上行下行信号在空中的传播路径是对称的, 即上行 信号和下行信号的传播路径相同, 只是传播方向相反, 因此可将通过自适应算法计算出的波 束权值直接应用于下行方向, 即可实现定向发送。 但是, 由于接收通道间以及发射链路间存 在幅相误差, 直接应用上行波束权值会影响下行的指向精度, 因此需要对上下行通道和馈线 进行校正以补偿幅相吴差。 在频分双工 (FDD )模式下, 由于上下行的频点不同, 因此上下 行的信道也不同, 上行权值也就不能直接应用于下行。 但是通过上行可以估计出信号的来波 方向 DOA, D0A信息可以应用于下行指导发送, 但是要形成给定指向的波束, 也必须对发射 链路和馈线进行校正。
除了自适应波束形成方法,还可以采用相对简单的固定多波束方法来实现定向接收和发 送。 固定多波束形成是用几个固定指向的上行波束和下行波束覆盖整个扇区的接收和发送, 固定多波束形成的波束权值可以通过仿真的方法确定,但是由于仿真时无法确定实际系统的 上行下行通道的幅相特性, 因此只能认为上下行通道的幅相特性是一致的 > 和自适应波束形 成方法类似, 需要对下行波束进行准确地赋形, 必须对发射链路和馈线进行校正。
在无线通信系统中, 下行公共信道是广播发送的, 如果采用数字波束形成, 可以通过仿 真计算获得一组全向波束权值进行全向广播覆盖,或计算获得一个宽波束权值进行下行扇区 广播覆盖。 如果采用巴特勒(But ler )矩阵进行波束形成, 需要事先计算或测量 But ler矩 阵的等效波束权值, 然后在基带进行二次波束形成以解决下行公共信道的发送问题。 同理, 要对上述方法形成的宽波束进行准确地赋形, 也必须对发射链路和馈线进行校正。
现有的阵列天线及发射链路的校正方法很多, 下面给出几种常用的方法。
( 1 ) 美国专利 4, 488, 155 " Method and apparatus for self-cal ibrat ion and phas ing of array antenna" 和中国专利申请 01800020. 7 "阵列天线无线通信装置和校准方法" 给出 了一类校准阵列天线和发射链路的方法,这种方法是在工程现场用仪器测量各个发射链路的 增益和相位, 然后用测量结果来校准阵列, 这种方法最大的缺点是采用离线校准的方式, 无 法对时变的阵列误差进行校准, 不利于工程使用和维护, 特别不适合已经投入运营的通信系 统。
( 2 ) 美国专利 6, 615, 024 "Method and apparatus for determining s ignatures for cal ibrat ing a communicat ion s tat ion having an antenna array "、 中国专利申请 00815528. 3 "用于校准智能天线阵列的方法与装置"和中国专利申请 02142694. 5 "用于校准 阵列天线的装置和方法"也给出了一类校准阵列天线的方法。 在这些技术方案中, 需在天线 阵的远场区域或近场区域放置一个信标天线以及相应的校准信号收发信机。在进行上行校准 时, 由信标天线发送校准信号, 基站接收校准信号; 在进行下行校准时, 由基站发送校准信 号, 信标天线接收校准信号, 然后计算出基站上下行链路的校准权值。 这种校准方法的优点 是可以对整个收发链路的幅度相位的一致性进行校准, 但由于需要校准信号收发信机、 信标 天线等设备, 因此增加了基站实现的复杂程度和成本, 另外信标天线放置在远场区域时会产 生比较严重的多径信号影响, 而放置在近场区域时校准信号到达天线阵时是非平面波, 因此 导致校准权值的计算很复杂。
( 3 )美国专利 6, 600, 445 "Method and device for cal ibrat ing smart antenna array"、 6, 236, 839 "Method and apparatus for cal ibrat ing a smart antenna array" > 6, 157, 340 "Adapt ive antenna array subsys tem cal ibrat ion' 中国专利申请 01112987. 5 "智能天 线通道阵列校正方法及装置"、 01122536. X "一种闭环校正的双极化智能天线阵系统"、 01809947. 5 "阵列天线接收装置的校正系统"和 03102791. 1 "阵列天线校准装置和阵列天线 校准方法" 都给出了一类阵列天线的校准方法。 在这一类方法中, 认为各天线单元和相应的 天馈线的增益和相位的不一致性误差是非时变的, 首先用仪器测量这部分的增益和相位, 并 保存该测量结果, 然后在每个链路的射频前端设计一个耦合器以及与该耦合器相连接的校准 信号收发信机, 校准方法与第 (2 )类校准方法基本类似, 由于计算获得的校准权值不是整 个链路的校准权值, 因此需要用测量结果进行修正。 这种方法相比于第 (2 ) 类方法, 其优 点在于不使用信标天线和相应的天馈线, 但仍然需要校准信号收发信机, 对天线单元和天馈 线的幅度相位特性需要测量, 导致校准装置复杂, 成本较高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种阵列天线发射链路的校准设备及方法,克服现 有阵列校准技术中校准装置复杂、 需要专用的校准信号收发装置、 天馈线的幅度相位特性需 要测量以及工程实用困 等缺点, 简化系统的复杂度和实现难度。
本发明所述阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 所述阵列天线发射链路包括阵列发信机、 n 个功率放大器、 n个上下行信号分离装置和 n个天线单元, 阵列发信机、 n个功率放大器和 n 个上下行信号分离装置位于基站中, 基带信号处理模块的输出进入阵列发信机中, 由阵列发 信机发出 n路信号, 经过功率放大器和上下行信号分离装置后, 从天线单元发送出去; 所述校准设备包括功率检测信号分离装置、 功率检测信号馈电装置、 功率检测装置、 信 号合成装置和阵列校准装置;
所述功率检测信号分离装置, 接收来自上下行信号分离装置的信号, 滤除射频信号中的 直流信号, 并将高频的射频信号发送给所述功率检测信号馈电装置; 同时, 从所述功率检测 信号馈电装置发送的信号中提取功率信号, 进行校准权值调整, 将调整后的校准权值发送给 所述阵列校准装置; . ·
所述功率检测信号馈电装置,一方面将所述功率检测信号分离装置输出的高频射频信号 发送给所述信号合成装置, 一方面将所述功率检测装置输出的功率信号与高频射频信号合 路, 并将混合信号发送到所述功率检测信号分离装置;
所述功率检测装置, 用于对来自所述信号合成装置的射频信号进行功率检测, 并输出功 率信号给所述功率检测信号馈电装置;
所述信号合成装置与 n个天线单元相连,用于合成射频信号,输出给所述功率检测装置; 所述阵列校准装置, 位于基带信号处理模块与阵列发信机之间, 用于根据调整后的校准 权值对阵列天线发射链路进行校准。
在本发明校准设备中, 所述信号合成装置、 功率检测装置和功率检测信号馈电装置可与 n个天线单元组成一个室外单元, 通过一组射频电缆与基站相连。
本发明所述阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 包括以下步骤: 首先获取发射链路的增益校 准权值初始值和相位校准权值初始值; 然后计算发射链路的增益校准权值和相位校准权值; 使用上述计算出的校准权值对阵列发射链路的增益和相位进行校准。
本发明所述设备及方法与现有阵列校准技术相比,不使用专门用于阵列天线校准的校准 信号收发装置和信标天线,而采用信号功率检测的方法来计算发射增益校准权值和发射相位 校准权值, 算法简单, 其收敛速度较快, 收敛精度也比较高; 另外在进行校准时无需专用的 校准信号引入系统, 不影响系统正常通信。 本发明还大大简化了系统的复杂度, 便于工程应 用。
附图说明
图 1是本发明校准设备的结构示意图;
图 2是第一实施例中信号合成装置 1、 功率检测装置 2和功率检测信号馈电装置 3的示 意图;
图 3是第一实施例中功率检测信号分离装置 4的示意图; 图 4是第二实施例中信号合成装置 1、 功率检测装置 2和功率检测信号馈电装置 3的示 意图;
图 5是第二实施例中功率检测信号分离装置 4的示意图;
图 6是本发明的发射链路增益校准的流程示意图;
图 Ί是适用于第一实施例所示校准设备的发射链路相位校准流程示意图;
图 8是适用于第二实施例所示校准设备的发射链路相位校准流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例, 对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
本发明技术方案的核心思想在于通过检测发射信号功率值来计算发射链路的校准权值, 实现对阵列天线的发射链路的校准。
如图 1所示, 本发明提供的校准设备包括位于室外单元 100中的信号合成装置 1、 信号 功率检测装置 2和功率检测信号馈电装置 3 , 以及位于基站 300中的功率检测信号分离装置 4和阵列校准装置 5 , 室外单元 100与基站 300之间通过射频电缆 200通信。 而阵列天线发 射链路一般可由基带信号处理模块、 阵列发信机 6、 n个功率放大器 7、 n个上下行信号分离 装置 8和 n个天线单元构成, 除天线单元位于室外单元 100以外, 其余装置均处于基站 300 中。
当对阵列天线的发射链路进行校准时, 阵列发信机 6发出一路或多路下行信号, 经过各 自链路的功率放大器 7放大功率后,再通过上下行信号分离装置 8后到达功率检测信号分离 装置 4。 在功率检测信号分离装置 4中, 滤除射频信号中的直流信号, 高频的射频信号可以 直接通过, 并通过射频电缆 200发送到室外单元 100中的功率检测信号馈电装置 3。 高频的 射频信号通过功率检测信号馈电装置 3到达信号合成装置 1 , 一部分射频信号在信号合成装 置 1中被分离出来, 剩余的射频信号通过 n个天线单元发射出去。 分离出来的射频信号 送给功率检测装置 2进行功率检测, 然后由功率检测装置 2将功率信号输出给功率检测信号 馈电装置 3。 功率检测信号馈电装置 3将功率信号与高频的射频信号合路, 并将混合信号通 过射频电缆 200发送到功率检测信号分离装置 4。 然后功率检测信号分离装置 4从混合信号 中提取出功率信号, 并调整校准权值, 再将调整后的校准权值发送给阵列校准装置 5。 阵列 校准装置 5位于基带信号处理模块与阵列发信机 6之间, 收到调整后的校准权值后, 对阵列 天线的发射链路进行校准, 控制阵列发信机 6的输出。
图 2给出了信号合成装置 1、功率检测装置 2和功率检测信号馈电装置 3的一个实施例, 适用于基站的下行(射频) 波束采用巴特勒矩阵形成的情况。
在本实施例中, 信号合成装置 1包括巴特勒矩阵、 (n- 1)个耦合器 9、 (n- 1)个滤波器 10 和 (n-1)个可调衰减器 11 , 其中耦合器 9、 滤波器 10和可调衰减器 11只在前 (n-1)个发射链 路上有。 高频的射频信号直接从功率检测信号馈电装置 3通过后到达信号合成装置 1中, 在 信号合成装置 1中进行射频波束形成, 波束形成后的每一路射频信号中有少部分射频信号通 过耦合器 9分离出来, 分离射频信号时, 对源射频信号造成的衰减应不大于 ldB, 例如可选 择分离出的射频信号的功率是源信号功率的 1/1000。剩余的大部分射频信号通过天线单元发 射出去。分离出来的射频信号经过滤波器 10的滤波和可调衰减器 11的衰减后进入信号功率 检测装置 2中。
由于巴特勒矩阵的下行波束形成链路可以等效为一个功分器和一些移相器组成的网络, 当只有一个发射链路发射信号时, 巴特勒矩阵与每个天线单元的接口都有信号输出, 而且每 个端口输出的信号功率相同, 只是信号的相位不同, 可以等效成一个功分器; 当所有的下行 链路发射信号时, 巴特勒矩阵与每个天线单元的接口都有信号输出, 取其中任意一个输出端 口的信号来看, 其特性是所有下行发射链路发射的信号的合成, 等效为一个信号合路器。 因 此在进行发射链路校准时, 可以直接应用巴特勒矩阵的信号合成和信号功分特性, 不需要专 用的信号合路器, 信号合成直接在主链路上完成。 为了不影响高频射频信号接收和发射, 在 进行功率检测前必须用耦合器 9耦合一部分信号用于功率检测。
信号功率检测装置 2包括 (n-1)个检波器 12和(n-1)个放大器 13 , 对应第 1发射链路至 第(n-1)发射链路, 第 n发射链路只用于传输电源信号, 向室外单元 100供电。 信号合成装 置 1输出的信号经过检波和放大处理后, 形成功率信号, 输出到功率检测信号馈电装置 3。 由于采用巴特勒矩阵作为信号合成装置 1 , 当只有第 n发射链路发射信号时, 该发射链路的 信号功率可以从巴特勒矩阵的其他天线单元输出口检测到, 因此该发射链路上的检波器和放 大器等装置可以省略。
功率检测信号馈.电装置 3包括 n个信号馈电单元, 分别对应 n个发射链路, 每个信号馈 电单元都包括: 感性电路 容性电路 C1和容性电路 C2。 对于第 1发射链路至第(n-1)发射 链路上的信号馈电单元,其中感性电路 L用于将信号功率检测装置 2输出的功率信号中的低 频信号与高频的射频信号合路, 容性电路 C2用于滤除功率信号中的高频分量, 容性电路 C1 则用于防止功率检测信号中的低频信号发送到天线单元; 而第 n发射链路上的感性电路 L是 用于将电源信号从高频的射频信号中分离出来, 容性电路 C2用于滤除电源信号中的高频分 量, 容性电路 C1可以防止电源信号发送到天线单元。 前 (n-1)路功率信号的低频信号通过感 性电路 L和容性电路 C2与高频的射频信号合路,合路后的混合信号通过相应的射频电缆 200 传输到功率检测信号分离装置 4。
如图 3所示, 功率检测信号分离装置 4包括: n个感性电路 L、 n个容性电路 C3、 n个容 性电路 C4、 (n-1)个 A/D转换器和校准权值计算装置 14,其中第 n发射链路没有 A/D转换器。 对于第 1至第(n - 1)发射链路, 感性电路 L用于把功率信号从合路信号中分离出来, 容性电 路 C4用于滤除功率信号中的高频分量,容性电路 C3则防止功率信号发送给对应发射链路的 上下行信号分离装置 8; 而对于第 n发射链路, 感性电路 L用于把电源信号与高频的射频信 号合路, 容性电路 C4用于滤除电源信号中的高频分量, 容性电路 C3则防止电源信号发送到 第 n上下行信号分离装置 8。 混合信号输入后, 通过第 1至第(11- 1)发射链路的感性电路 L 和容性电路 C4提取出低频的功率信号, 并通过容性电路 C3从混合信号中滤除功率信号。 然 后低频的功率信号经过 A/D转换器进行 A/D变换, 变换后的功率信号发送到校准权值计算装 置 14中, 校准权值计算装置 14根据收到的功率信号的大小调整校准权值。 调整后的校准权 值发送到阵列校准装置 5中, 用于校准各个发射链路。
通过图 2和图 3所示的装置, 可以对阵列天线的发射链路不断进行校准, 直到发射链路 满足一致性要求为止。
图 4给出了信号合成装置 1、 功率检测装置 2和功率检测信号馈电装置 3的另一个实施 例, 适用于在基站的基带进行下行波束形成的情况。
在本实施例中, 信号合成装置 1由 n个耦合器 15、 n个滤波器 16和一个 n路信号合路 器 17组成。 高频的射频信号直接从功率检测信号馈电装置 3通过后到达信号合成装置 1中。 每一路射频信号中有少部分的射频信号被耦合器 15分离出来, 剩余大部分射频信号通过 n 个天线单元发射出去。 被分离出来的射频信号经过滤波器 16的处理后送入合路器 17中, 然 后将合路后的射频信号输出给功率检测装置 2。
功率检测装置 2由检波器 18和放大器 19组成。 合路后的射频信号经过检波器 18和放 大器 19的处理后形成功率信号, 送入功率检测信号馈电装置 3中。
功率检测信号馈电装置 3包括: 在第 1发射链路和第 n发射链路上的感性电路 容性 电路 C1和容性电路 C2 , 其中第 1发射链路上的感性电路 L用于把功率信号中的低频信号与 高频的射频信号合路, 容性电路 C2用于滤除功率信号中的高频分量, 容性电路 C1则防止功 率信号中的低频信号发送到天线单元; 第 n发射链路上的感性电路 L用于把电源信号从高频 的射频信号中分离出来, 容性电路 C2用于滤除电源信号中的高频分量, 容性电路 C1则防止 电源信号发送到天线单元。 功率信号被第 1发射链路的容性电路 C2滤波后通过感性电路 L 与第 1发射链路的高频射频信号合路。 由于只有一路功率信号, 实质上该路功率信号可以和 任意一条链路的高频信号合路后传送到基站, 只需在相应的链路上设置感性电路 L、 容性电 路 C1和容性电路 C2。 在本实施例中, 选择了与第 1发射链路的高频信号合路。
合路后的混合信号通过相应的射频电缆 200传输到基站 300中的功率检测信号分离装置
4。
如图 5所示, 功率检测信号分离装置 4包括: 在第 1发射链路和第 n发射链路上的感性 电路 L、 容性电路 C3和容性电路 C4, 还包括了 A/D转换器和校准权值计算装置 20; 其中第 1发射链路上的感性电路 L是用于把功率信号从合路信号中分离出来,容性电路 C4是用于滤 除功率信号中的高频分量, 容性电路 C3则防止功率信号发送到第 1上下行信号分离装置 8 ; 而第 n发射链路上的感性电路 L是用于将电源信号与高频的射频信号合路, 容性电路 C4是 用于滤除电源信号中的高频分量> 容性电路 C3则防止电源信号发送到第 n上下行信号分离 装置 8。 混合信号在功率检测信号分离装置 4中, 首先通过第 1发射链路上的感性电路 L和 容性电路 C4提取出低频的功率信号, 并通过容性电路 C3从混合信号中滤除功率信号, 然后 低频的功率信号输出到 A/D转换器中进行 A/D变换, A/D变换后的功率信号发送到校准权值 计算装置 20中。 校准权值计算装置 20根据功率信号的大小调整校准权值, 并将调整后的校 准权值发送给阵列校准装置 5 , 用于校准各个发射链路。 通过图 4和图 5所示的装置, 可以对阵列天线的发射链路不断进行校准, 直到发射链路 满足一致性要求为止。
在本发明中, 通过信号合成装置 1从每个天线单元(或从基站的每个天线口)耦合一定 能量的下行信号, 然后把耦合的下行信号送入信号功率检测装置 2中进行信号功率测量, 因 此本发明不需要通过外场信标天线进行合成信号功率的测量。
本发明提供的阵列天线的发射链路的校准方法包括以下步 :首先获取发射链路的增益 校准权值初始值和相位校准权值初始值; 然后计算发射链路的增益校准权值和相位校准权 值; 使用上述计算出的校准权值对阵列发射链路的增益和相位进行校准。 下面对本发明方法 的每一步驟进行详细地介绍。
校准权值初始值的计算可以在基站投入运营前完成。
控制基带信号使基站同时只有一个链路发射信号, 调整该链路的增益校准权值, 使该链 路的发射信号功率达到额定值, 则此时的增益校准权值即是该链路的增益校准权值的初始 值。 对基站的所有发射链路执行上述操作, 获得每个发射链路的增益校准权值的初始值。
获得发射链路相位校准权值的初始值的方法根据下行波束形成方式的不同略有区别。 对于采用巴特勒矩阵实现下行波束形成的第一实施例,首先在基带控制所有发射链路发 射相同相位的信号, 然后选定第 1发射链路作为参考通道, 其余发射链路作为被校准通道, 调整被校准通道的发射信号相位, 使得第 1天线单元的信号功率最高, 其余天线单元的信号 功率最低,保存此时发射链路的相位调整系数, 用向量 |ο φαά ■■■ i j表示。 然后计算巴 特勒矩阵的等效发射系数矩阵的逆矩阵 或《」, 并选取上述逆矩阵的第一行向量, 用 vbulte = >u Φ12 … Α,„_ι表示 , 则发射链路的相位校准权值的初始值为
Figure imgf000009_0001
」 °
对于在基带进行下行波束形成的第二实施例, 首先选定一个发射链路作为参考通道, 其 余发射链路作为被校准通道, 在基带控制参考通道和一个被校准通道同时发射信号, 调整该 被校准通道的基带信号的相位, 使得这两个通道发射的信号的合成信号的功率最低, 此时该 被校准通道的相位调整系数的共轭就是该通道的相位校准权值的初值;如果合成信号的功率 最高, 那么该被校准通道的相位调整系数就是该通道的相位校准权值的初始值。 选择另一个 被校准通道, 重复上述操作, 直至获得所有发射链路的相位校准权值的初始值。
在获得了所有发射链路的增益校准权值的初始值和相位校准权值的初始值后,基站投入 正常运营, 可对发射链路的校准权值进行计算, 该步骤是本发明方法的核心。 校准权值的计 算包括增益校准权值的计算和相位校准权值的计算。
首先计算发射链路的增益校准权值, 并校准发射链路的增益。
对于智能基站, 每条发射链路的额定发射功率是确定的、 已知的功率值 ^ , 但由于每 条链路的发信增益不同, 则每条发射链路的发射信号功率不一定能达到额定功率值 。 在 校准发射链路增益时, 只需将每条发射链路的发射信号功率值调整到额定功率值 ^ , 就完 成了发射链路的增益校准。
图 2和图 3所示的第一实施例以及图 4和图 5所示的第二实施例的发射链路增益校准权 值的计算方法是相同的。
在第一实施例中, 波束形成装置采用巴特勒矩阵。 巴特勒矩阵的下行波束形成链路可以 等效为一个功分器和一些移相器组成的网络, 当只有一个发射链路发射信号时, 巴特勒矩阵 与每个天线单元的接口都有信号输出。假设该发射链路发射的信号功率为 P (dBm) ,那么巴特 勒矩阵的每个天线单元的接口输出信号功率为(P - 201ogl。 N - ∞s) (dBm),其中 N表示阵元 数, ω∞为巴特勒矩阵的链路损耗功率。
在第二实施例中, 信号合成装置 1是由一个信号合路器 17、 多个耦合器 15和多个滤波 器 16組成的。 当只有一个发射链路发射信号时, 假设耦合器 15从该发射链路分离出的信号 功率为 P (dBm) , 那么信号合成装置 1输出信号的功率为 - i^ (dBm) , P∞s为信号合成装 置 1的链路损耗功率。
在智能基站系统中, 每条发射链路的增益校准权值是存储在固定位数存储器中的定点 数, 因此发射链路的增益校准权值的值域范围是已知的, 而且每条发射链路的发射功率是随 发信增益校准权值单调变化的, 那么在校准发信增益时, 以额定发射功率 Ρτχ作为校准的基 准功率值, 然后用优化算法调整每条发射链路的发信增益校准权值, 直到每条发射链路的发 射功率都满足规定的发射功率 为止。 在本发明中, 发射链路的增益校准权值是一组 8位 定点数, 其值域范围是 [0, 255] , 因此调整发射链路的增益校准权值的方法可采用二分法。 校准发射链路的增益的具体执行步骤如图 6所示。
首先设置发射链路号 NumCh=l (步骤 601 ), 判断链路号 umCh是否不大于阵列天线的发 射链路数 n (步驟 60'2 ), 如果链路号大于发射链路数 n, 则增益校准结束(步驟 611 )。 如果 链路号小于等于发射链路数 n, 则在基带控制第 NumCh条发射链路发射信号(步骤 603 ); 然 后检测发射信号的功率, 产生功率信号(步骤 604 )。对上述功率信号进行 A/D变换, 获得发 射信号的功率 P, 并判断该功率 P与额定功率 的差的绝对值是否小于允许的误差, 如 ldB
(步骤 605 ), 如果小于则将当前发射链路号加 1 (步骤 606 ), 然后转至步骤 602; 如果大于 等于允许的误差, 则判断是否可以继续校准(步骤 607 ), 可以采用下述方法进行判断: 判断 二分法的迭代次数是否超过设定的次数, 如果超过则认为不能继续校准; 如果没有超过设定 的次数, 则进一步判断增益校准权值是否是最大或者相邻两次二分法迭代的权值是否相同, 如果增益校准权值已经最大或相邻两次二分法迭代的权值相同, 则认为不能继续校准。执行 步骤 607后,如果可以继续校准,则采用二分法调整该发射链路的增益校准权值(步骤 608 ), 然后根据更新后的增益校准权值校准第 NumCh条发射链路, 然后再转至步骤 602。 如果不能 继续校准, 则提示第 +NumCh条发射链路增益校准失败(步骤 610 ), 结束本次发射链路增益校 准。
在校准了发射链路的增益权值后, 计算发射链路的相位校准权值, 并校准发射链路的相 位。 对于下行波束采用不同方式形成的情况, 发射链路相位校准方法略有区别。
图 2和图 3所示的第一实施例, 其下行波束的形成是采用巴特勒矩阵进行波束形成的。 通过理论计算或实际测量, 可以得到巴特勒矩阵对发射信号的加权系数。根据理论计算 可知巴特勒矩阵的发射链路的等效加权系数矩阵是一个酉矩阵, 记为 Wb„, , 这个酉矩阵的共 扼转置矩阵为 Wb ,根据酉矩阵的性质有 WbutWb = E。如果是实际测量的巴特勒矩阵的发射 链路的等效加权系数矩阵, 则由于巴特勒矩阵本身的误差, 其等效加权系数矩阵不是一个酉 矩阵, 但是有 Wb Vb_u = £成立, E为单位阵。
假设各个发射链路的幅度不一致的误差非常小, 且相位不一致的误差也非常小, 使得幅 度不一致和相位不一致的误差对波束形成效果的影响可以忽略不升,则选择等效加权系数矩 阵的共轭矩阵 if 或逆矩阵 中的任意一个行向量 φία … A 作为一组波 束权值, 当每个发射链路的基带信号幅度相位特性都相同时, 用这组波束权值对每路信号进 行加权, 然后再传输到巴特勒矩阵进行射频波束形成, 那么预期的波束形成效果是: 在巴特 勒矩阵的天线单元接口中只有一路天线单元端口有输出, 而其它天线单元端口没有信号输 出。
但是对于实际的阵列发射链路来说, 由于各个链路的增益不一致和相位不一致的影响, 当上述波束形成后的信号通过阵列发射链路时, 相当于发射链路对波束进行了再次加权, 而 且这种幅度相位的加权对每条发射链路都不相同, 虽经过巴特勒矩阵对信号进行再次波束形 成, 但上述预期的波束形成效果不会出现。
在对发射链路相位校准时, 将理论计算的波束权值 φι.2 ··· 作为发射 链路的相位校准权值的初值, 其中 ζ·≤« , 当阵列发射链路的增益和相位被校准后, 波束权值 vbuUd ίι2 … 可以使巴特勒矩阵波束形成后只在第 i个天线单元端口有信号输 出, 而在其它天线单元端口都没有信号输出。 在发射链路相位校准过程中, 不断调整这組波 束权值, 直到巴特勒矩阵波束形成后的信号只在第 i个天线单元端口有信号输出, 而在其它 天线单元端口都没有输出为止, 此时发射链路的波束权值记为 {Wl w2 ■■■ w„} , 那么最后 发射链路的相位校准权值为
Figure imgf000011_0001
在本发明中选择发射链路的相位校准权值是一组 8位定点数, 值域范围是 [0, 255] , 采 用直接搜索法对相位校准权值进行计算。 校准发射链路的相位的具体执行步骤如图 7所示。
首先进行参数设置, 阵列天线的发射链路共有 n条, 设置发射链路号 NumCh=l, 设置相 位校准权值的初值 Wphase(0) = [0, 0, .·., 0] , 最大循环次数为 M, 循环变量 loop的初值为 0 (步骤 701 )。 在基带控制所有发射链路的发射信号(步骤 702 ), 检测发射信号的功率, 形 成功率信号(步骤 703 ), 然后对上述功率信号进行 A/D变换, 并获得发射信号功率 P, 保存 该功率值(步驟 704 )。将第 NumCh条发射链路的相位校准权值加 1 (步骤 705 ),判断第 NumCh 条发射链路的相位校准权值是否不超过相位校准权值的值域范围(步驟 706 ), 如 255。 如果 不超过, 则对第 NumCh条发射链路的相位进行校准(步骤 708 ), 然后转至步驟 703。 如果超 过了值域范围, 则判断发射信号功率 P的变化范围是否满足要求(步骤 707 ), 如果不满足, 则提示第 NumCh条发射链路的相位校准失败(步骤 709 ), 结束本次相位校准过程。如果满足 要求, 则记录发射信号功率 P的最大值对应的相位校准权值 WNumCh (步骤 710),再将发射 链路号加 1, 即 NumCh = NumCh+l (步骤 711 ), 然后判断发射链路号是否超过 n (步骤 .712 ), 如果没有超过, 则转至步骤 703; 如果超过了, 则设置发射链路号 NumCh为 1, 将循环变量 加 1, 即 1οορ=1οορ+1, 相位校准权值 Wphase (loop) = [w(l) , w(2) , ·.., w (n) ]就是 WNumCh (步骤 713)。 判断当前相位校准权值 Wphase(loop)是否等于上一次的相位校准权值 Wphase(loop-l) (步骤 714), 如果相等, 则表示发射链路相位校准成功, 用巴特勒矩阵的发 射链路的等效加权系数矩阵的酉矩阵^^或逆矩阵 —j中的第一个行向量! 来修正计算 的相位校准权值, 即^ £:^ ^^ /^^ ,相位校准结束(步骤 715 )。 如果不相等, 则判断循环变量 loop是否大于最大循环次数 M (步驟 716 ), 如果是, 则提示发射链路相位 校准失败, 相位校准结束(步骤 717), 否则转至步骤 703。 当相位校准成功后, 用新的相位 校准权值替换相位校准权值的初始值。
图 4和图 5所示的第二实施例, 在基站的基带中实现下行波束形成。 在该实施例下的发 射链路相位校准方法如下所述。
以阵列天线中任意一个发射链路作为基准, 然后用算法调整其佘发射链路^/相位, 使其 余发射链路的相位与这个基准链路的相位相同。判断相位相同的准则是输出信号的功率值达 到最大。
当智能基站的发射链路的发信增益被校准后,智能基站的发射链路的沖击响应特性可描 述为 = [ae ' aeJh · · · aeM' f , 其中 a表示发射链路的幅度(增益), φη表示第 η条发 射链路的相位, Τ 表示转置运算。 假设发射链路的相位校准权值为 WPHASE = [1 esh … e ;T,那么经过相位校准后的发射链路的冲击响应特性可以描述为
A = WPHASE -A' = [aejA aeMi÷M ··· ^")]7" , 其中 „表示相位校准权值的相位。 当下行基带信号为 时, 下行波束形成权值可设置为 "X "的单位阵 , 那么阵列天线的 输出为 = e„ . + " = ^ + w。
假设各天线单元以线阵方式进行組阵,那么这组波束权值在垂直于天线阵平面的方向上 合 成 的 信 号 可 表 示 为 = ί^ χ(1 + ^· -^Α)+... + 6 - , 可 以 看 出 . + '+A) .. + e „- |„ , 因此合成的信号 S 有最大模值, 为 |S|=Moy , 此时 βι …, ϋ ° 因此通过调整 A, …, A的值, 可以获得最大强度的合成信号, 当合成信号强度最大 时,对应的向量^腿£ =[1 e … eJ/3"f =[1 eJ{^] ■■■ e^'— 就是阵列天线发射链 路的校准权值。 那 么校准后 的发射链路的 冲击响应特性可描述为 A = WPHASE -A' =
Figure imgf000013_0001
■■■ ' 从上式可 以看出, 校准后的各发射链路的相位特性已经相同。
下面给出计算发射链路相位校准权值的方法, 在调整 /?2 , ··., 的值时, 假设
J=|mw- 作为目标函数, 其中 是合成信号的功率值, 将 …, A作为变量, 使用优化算法计算出最优的相位校准权值。 可以看出这是一个(n- 1 )维的无约束非线性规 划问题, 计算发射相位校准权值的算法很多, 如用改进的单纯型法或其他优化算法都有比较 快收敛速度和比较高的收敛精度。 在智能基站系统中, 发射相位校准权值也是用固定位数存 储器保存的定点数, 因此发射相位校准权值也有固定的值域范围。 在本发明中发射链路的相 位校准权值是一组 8位定点数, 值域范围是 [0, 255] , 采用了直接搜索法进行相位校准权值 的计算, 具体执行步骤如图 8所示。
首先, 设置发射链路号 NumCh=2, 将所有发射链路的相位校准权值初值设置为 0, 即
Wphase=[0, 0, 0] (步骤 801)。 判断发射链路号 NumCh是否小于或等于阵列中的发射链 路数 n (步骤 802 ) ,如果大于, 则结束此次发射链路相位校准; 如果小于或等于 n, 则在基
' 带控制第 1条发射链路和第 NumCh条发射链路的发射信号(步骤 803 )。检测发射信号的功率, 形成功率信号(步骤 804), 然后对上述功率信号进行 A/D变换, 获得发射信号的功率 P, 并 保存该功率值 (步骤 805 将第 NumCh条发射链路的相位校准权值加 1 (步骤 806 ), 判断第
NumCh条发射链路的相位校准权值是否小于或等于相位校准权值的值域范围(步骤 807 ), 如
255, 如果满足小于或等于值域范围, 则对第 NumCh条发射链路相位进行校准(步骤 809 ), 然后转至步骤 802。如果大于值域范围,则判断发射信号功率 P的变化范围是否满足要求(步 骤 808 ), 如果不满足要求, 则提示第 NumCh条发射链路的相位校准失败(步驟 812 ); 如果 满足, 则记录发射信号功率 P最大值对应的相位校准权值(步骤 810 ), 然后将发射链路号加 1 , 即 NumCh = NumCh+l (步骤 811 ), 然后转至步骤 802。 当相位校准成功后, 用新的相位校 准权值替换相位校准权值的初始值。
对于发射链路的增益校准和相位校准, 按照本发明的思路, 也可以用其他优化算法来完 成, 其实质并没有脱离本发明的精神实质。
最后所应说明的是, 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制, 尽管参照较佳 实施例对本发明进行了详细说明, 本领域的普通技术人员应当理解, 可以对本发明的技术方 案进行修改或者等同替换, 而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围, 其均应涵盖在本发明的 权利要求范围当中。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 所述阵列天线发射链路包括阵列发信机、 n 个功率放大器、 n个上下行信号分离装置和 n个天线单元, 阵列发信机、 功率放大器和上下 行信号分离装置位于基站中, 基带信号处理模块的输出进入阵列发信机中, 由阵列发信机发 出 n路信号,经过功率放大器和上下行信号分离装置后,从天线单元发送出去;其特征在于, 所述校准设备包括功率检测信号分离装置、 功率检测信号馈电装置、 功率检测装置、 信 号合成装置和阵列校 '准装置; 其中
所述功率检测信号分离装置, 接收来自上下行信号分离装置的信号, 滤除射频信号中的 直流信号, 并将高频的射频信号发送给所述功率检测信号馈电装置; 同时, 从所述功率检测 信号馈电装置发送的信号中提取功率信号, 进行校准权值调整, 将调整后的校准权值发送给 所述阵列校准装置;
所述功率检测信号馈电装置,一方面将所述功率检测信号分离装置输出的高频射频信号 发送给所述信号合成装置, 一方面将所述功率检测装置输出的功率信号与高频射频信号合 路, 并将混合信号发送到所述功率检测信号分离装置;
所述功率检测装置, 用于对来自所述信号合成装置的射频信号进行功率检测, 并输出功 率信号给所述功率检测信号馈电装置;
所述信号合成装置与 n个天线单元相连,用于合成射频信号,输出给所述功率检测装置; 所述阵列校准装置, 位于基带信号处理模块与阵列发信机之间, 用于根据调整后的校准 权值对阵列天线发射链路进行校准。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述信号合 成装置、 功率检测装置和功率检测信号馈电装置可与 n个天线单元组成一个室外单元, 通过 一组射频电缆与基站相连。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述信号合 成装置包括巴特勒矩阵、 (n- 1)个耦合器、 (n- 1)个滤波器和 (n- 1)个可调衰减器, 其中耦合 器、 滤波器和可调衰减器只在前(n-1)个发射链路上有; 所述耦合器, 用于从通过巴特勒矩 阵形成的射频波束信号中分离出少部分射频信号;分离出来的射频信号经过滤波器的滤波和 可调衰减器的衰减后, 输出到信号功率检测装置中。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述分离出 的少部分射频信号对源射频信号造成的衰减应不大于 ldB。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述信号功 率检测装置由(n- 1)个检波器和(n- 1)个放大器組成, 对应前(n- 1)个发射链路; 前 (n- 1)路射 频信号经过所述检波器和所述放大器的处理后形成功率信号,输出到所述功率检测信号馈电 装置中。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述功率检 测信号馈电装置包括 n个信号馈电单元,分别对应 n个发射链路,每个信号馈电单元都包括: 感性电路 L、 容性电路 C1和容性电路 C2;
对于第 1发射链路至第(n-1)发射链路上的信号馈电单元, 其中感性电路 L用于将功率 信号中的低频信号与高频的射频信号合路, 容性电路 C2用于滤除功率信号中的高频分量, 容性电路 C1则用于防止功率检测信号中的低频信号发送到天线单元;
而第 n发射链路上的感性电路 L是用于将电源信号从高频的射频信号中分离出来,容性 电路 C2用于滤除电源信号中的高频分量, 容性电路 C1用于防止电源信号发送到天线单元。
7、 根据权利要求 3所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述功率检 测信号分离装置 n个感性电路 L、 n个容性电路 C3、 n个容性电路 C4、 (n-1)个 A/D转换器和 校准权值计算装置, 其中第 n发射链路没有 A/D转换器;
对于第 1至第(n - 1)发射链路, 感性电路 L用于把功率信号从合路信号中分离出来; 容 性电路 C4用于滤除功率信号中的高频分量; 容性电路 C3则防止功率信号发送给对应发射链 路的上下行信号分离装置; _ 而对于第 n发射链路,感性电路 L用于把电源信号与高频的射频信号合路;容性电路 C4 用于滤除电源信号中的高频分量; 容性电路 C3则防止电源信号发送到第 n个上下行信号分 离装置;
所述 A/D转换器.,用于对低频的功率信号进行 A/D变换,并发送到校准权值计算装置中; 所述校准权值计算装置, 用于根据收到的功率信号的大小调整校准权值。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述信号合 成装置由 n个耦合器、 n个滤波器和一个 n路信号合路器组成; 所述耦合器用于从所述功率 检测信号馈电装置输出的高频射频信号中分离出少部分的射频信号;被分离出来的射频信号 经过所述滤波器的处理后送入所述合路器中, 然后将合路后的射频信号输出给所述功率检测 装置。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述功率检 测装置由一个检波器和一个放大器组成;合路后的射频信号经过所述检波器和所述放大器的 处理后形成功率信号, 并输出到功率检测信号馈电装置中。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述功率检 测信号馈电装置包括在前 (n-1)个发射链路中的任一发射链路和第 n发射链路上的感性电路 L、 容性电路 C1和容性电路 C2; 其中
任一发射链路上的感性电路 L用于把功率信号中的低频信号与高频的射频信号合路,合 路后的混合信号传输到基站中的功率检测信号分离装置; 容性电路 C2用于滤除功率信号中 的高频分量; 容性电路 C1则防止功率信号中的低频信号发送到天线单元;
第 n发射链路上的感性电路 L用于把电源信号从高频的射频信号中分离出来; 容性电路 C2用于滤除电源信号中的高频分量; 容性电路 C1则防止电源信号发送到天线单元。
11、 根据权利要求 8所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准设备, 其特征在于, 所述功率检 测信号分离装置包括在对应所述功率检测信号馈电装置中选择的任一发射链路和第 n发射链 路上的感性电路 容性电路 C3和容性电路 C4 , 以及了 A/D转换器和校准权值计算装置; 其中
任一发射链路上的感性电路 L是用于把功率信号从合路信号中分离出来; 容性电路 C4 是用于滤除功率信号中的高频分量; 容性电路 C3则防止功率信号发送到上下行信号分离装 置;
而第 n发射链路上的感性电路 L是用于将电源信号与高频的射频信号合路;容性电路 C4 是用于滤除电源信号中的高频分量; 容性电路 C3则防止电源信号发送到第 n上下行信号分 离装置;
所述 A/D转换器,用于对低频的功率信号进行 A/D变换,并发送到校准权值计算装置中; 所述校准权值计算装置, 用于根据收到的功率信号的大小调整校准权值。
12、 一种阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤: 首先获取发射 链路的增益校准权值初值和相位校准权值初始值; 然后计算发射链路的增益校准权值和相位 校准权值; 使用上述计算出的校准权值对阵列发射链路的增益和相位进行校准。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取发 射链路的增益校准权值的初始值的步骤, 进一步包括: 控制基带信号使基站同时只有一个链 路发射信号; 调整该链路的增益校准权值, 使该链路的发射信号功率达到额定值; 则此时的 增益校准权值即是该链路的增益校准权值的初始值; 对基站的所有发射链路执行上述操作, 获得每个发射链路的增益校准权值的初始值。
14、 根据权利要求 12所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取发 射链路的相位校准权值的初始值的步骤, 进一步包括: 首先在基带控制所有发射链路发射相 同相位的信号, 然后选定第 1发射链路作为参考通道, 其余发射链路作为被校准通道, 调整 被校准通道的发射信号相位, 使得第 1天线单元的信号功率最高, 其余天线单元的信号功率 最低,保存此时发射链路的相位调整系数, 用向量 [0 φ · · · φα
Figure imgf000017_0001
计算巴特勒矩阵 的等效发射系数矩阵的逆矩阵, 并选取上述逆矩阵的第一行向量, 用 vbulter^ = > Φ12Υ,\表示 ' 则发射链路的相位校准权值的初始值为
_
Figure imgf000017_0002
15、 根据权利要求 12所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 所述获取发 射链路的相位校准权值的初始值的步骤,进一步包括:首先选定一个发射链路作为参考通道, 其余发射链路作为被校准通道; 在基带控制参考通道和一个被校准通道同时发射信号, 调整 该被校准通道的基带信号的相位, 使得这两个通道发射的信号的合成信号的功率最低; 此时 该被校准通道的相位调整系数的共轭就是该通道的相位校准权值的初始值;选择另一个被校 准通道, 重复上述操作, 直至获得所有发射链路的相位校准权值的初始值。
16、 根据权利要求 12所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 所述计算发 射链路增益校准权值并调整增益的步骤, 进一步包括: 以额定发射功率作为校准的基准功率 值, 然后采用二分法计算每条发射链路的发信增益校准权值, 根据计算后的增益校准权值调 整发射链路的增益, 直到每条发射链路的发射功率都满足规定的发射功率为止。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 所述计算发 射链路增益校准权值并调整增益的步骤, 具体包括:
步驟 1 ) 设置发射链路号 NumCh=l;
步骤 2 ) 判断链路号 NumCh是否不大于阵列天线的发射链路数,如果链路号大于发射链 路数, 则增益校准结束;
步驟 3 )如果链 号小于等于发射链路数,则在基带控制第 NumCh条发射链路发射信号; 步骤 4 ) 检测发射信号的功率, 产生功率信号;
步骤 5 ) 对上述功率信号进行 A/D变换, 获得发射信号的功率;
步骤 6 ) 判断该功率与额定功率的差的绝对值是否小于允许的误差,如果小于则将当前 发射链路号加 1 , 然后转至步骤 2 );
步驟 7 ) 如果大于等于允许的误差, 则判断是否可以继续校准, 如果可以, 则釆用二分 法调整该发射链路的增益校准权值,然后根据更新后的增益校准权值校准第 NumCh条发射链 路, 然后再转至步骤 2 );
步珮 8 ) 如果不能继续校准, 则提示第 NumCh条发射链路增益校准失败, 结束本次增益 校准。
18、 根据权利要求 17所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法,其特征在于,所述步骤 7 ) 中判断是否可以继续校准的步骤进一步包括: 判断二分法的迭代次数是否超过设定的次数, 如果超过则认为不能继续校准; '如果没有超过设定的次数, 则进一步判断增益校准权值是否 是最大或者相邻两次二分法迭代的权值是否相同,如果增益校准权值已经最大或相邻两次二 分法迭代的权值相同, 则认为不能继续校准。
19、 根据权利要求 14所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 所述计算发 射链路的相位校准权值并调整相位的步骤, 进一步包括: 选择巴特勒矩阵的发射链路的等效 加权系数矩阵的共轭矩阵或逆矩阵中的任意一个行向量 to . = , φι
Figure imgf000018_0001
组波束权值, 对每路信号进行加权, 然后由巴特勒矩阵进行射频波束形成, 采用直接搜索法 调整这组波束权值,直到巴特勒矩阵波束形成后的信号只在第 i个天线单元端口有信号输出, 而在其它天线单元端口都没有输出为止, 此时发射链路的波束权值记为 {Wl w2 … wn ) , 那么最后发射链路的相位校准权值为 。
Figure imgf000018_0002
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 所述计算发 射链路的相位校准权值并调整相位的步驟, 具体包括: 步骤 1 ) 设置发射链路号 NumCh=l, 设置相位校准权值的初值 Wphase(0) = [0, 0, .·., 0] , 最大循环次数为 M, 循环变量 loop的初值为 0;
步骤 2) 在基带控制所有发射链路的发射信号;
步骤 3) 检测发射信号的功率, 形成功率信号;
步驟 4) 对上述功率信号进行 A/D变换, 并获得发射信号功率, 保存该功率值; 步骤 5 将第 NumCh条发射链路的相位校准权值加 1 , 判断第 NumCh条发射链路的相位 校准权值是否不超过相位校准权值的值域范围; 如果不超过, 则对第 NumCh条发射链路的相 位进行校准, 然后转至步骤 3);
步骤 6) 如果超过了值域范围, 则判断发射信号功率的变化范围是否满足要求,如果不 满足, 则提示第 NumCh条发射链路的相位校准失败;
步骤 7) 如果满足要求, 则记录发射信号功率的最大值对应的相位校准权值,将发射链 路号加 1, 然后判断发射链路号是否超过阵列天线的发射链路数, 如果没有超过, 则转至步 骤 3);
步骤 8) 如果超过发射链路数, 则设置发射链路号 NumCh为 1, 将循环变量加 1, 相位 校准权值¾¾)1½36(100 ) = ^(1) , w(2) , ·.., w(n)]为发射信号功率的最大值对应的相位校准 权值;
步骤 9 ) 判断当前相位校准权值 Wphase(loop)是否等于上一次的相位校准权值 Wphase(loop-l) , 如果相等, 则表示发射链路相位校准成功, 用巴特勒矩阵的发射链路的等 效加权系数矩阵的逆矩阵的第一个行向量 Vbu te 来修正计算的相位校准权值, 即 W = WPHASE (loop)/Vbulter>l, 相位校准结束;
步骤 10) 如果不相等, 则判断循环变量 loop是否大于最大循环次数 M, 如果是, 则提 示发射链路相位校准失败, 相位校准结束; 否则转至步驟 3)。
21、 根据权利要求 15所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 所述计算发 射链路的相位校准权值并调整相位的步骤, 进一步包括: 以阵列天线中任意一个发射链路作 为基准, 然后调整其余发射链路的相位, 使合成信号的强度最大, 则对应的向量
WPHASE =[1 eJh ··· ejP"f
Figure imgf000019_0001
就是阵列天线发射链路的校准权值, 其中^表示第 n条发射链路的相位, T表示转置运算。
22、 根据权利要求 21所述的阵列天线发射链路的校准方法, 其特征在于, 所述计算发 射链路的相位校准权值并调整相位的步骤, 具体包括:
步骤 1 ) 设置发射链路号 NumCh=2, 将所有发射链路的相位校准权值初值设置为 0, 即
Wphase=[0, 0, 0];
步驟 2 ) 判断发射链路号 NumCh是否小于或等于阵列中的发射链路数,如果大于, 则结 束此次发射链路相位校准; 步驟 3 ) 如果小于或等于发射链路数,则在基带控制第 1条发射链路和第 NumCh条发射 链路的发射信号;
步骤 4 ) 检测发射信号的功率, 形成功率信号;
步骤 5 )对上述功率信号进行 A/D变换, 获得发射信号的功率, 并保存该功率值; 步骤 6 ) 将第 NumCh条发射链路的相位校准权值加 1 (步骤 806 ), 判断第 NumCh条发射 链路的相位校准权值是否小于或等于相位校准权值的值域范围, 如果小于或等于值域范围 > 则对第 NumCh条发射链路相位进行校准, 然后转至步骤 2 );
步骤 7 ) 如果大于值域范围, 则判断发射信号功率的变化范围是否满足要求,如果不满 足要求, 则提示第 NumCh条发射链路的相位校准失败; +
步骤 8 ) 如果满足要求, 则记录发射信号功率 P最大值对应的相位校准权值, 然后将发 射链路号加 1 , 转至步骤 2 )。
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CN1879311A (zh) 2006-12-13
US20080261534A1 (en) 2008-10-23
KR101019521B1 (ko) 2011-03-07
AU2003296229A1 (en) 2005-08-12
EP1705807B1 (en) 2017-10-25
US7869828B2 (en) 2011-01-11
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EP1705807A4 (en) 2010-12-22
KR20060129241A (ko) 2006-12-15

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