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  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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  • C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D493/10—Spiro-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives, processes for their preparation, medicaments containing these compounds and the use of spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives for the preparation of medicaments.
• Classic ⁇ -opioids such as morphine are effective in the treatment of severe to severe pain and of paramount importance for pain therapy.
• other opioid receptors ⁇ , K, ORL-1
• the opioid receptors ⁇ , K and ORL-1 are also involved in pain (Opioids: Introduction, pp. 127-150, Further Opioid Receptors, 455-476 in: Analgesics - From Chemistry and Pharmacology to Clinical Application, Wiley VCH 2002).
• the ORL1 receptor is also involved in the regulation of other physiological and pathophysiological processes. These include, but are not limited to, learning and memory formation (Manabe et al., Nature, 394, 1997, pp. 577-581), hearing (Nishi et al., EMBO J., 16, 1997, pp. 1858-1864), and numerous others processes. In a review article by Calo et al. (Br. J. Pharmacol., 129, 2000, 1261-1283) gives an overview of the indications or biological processes in which the ORL1 receptor plays or could play a high probability.
• analgesia stimulation and regulation of food intake, influence on ⁇ -agonists such as morphine, treatment of withdrawal symptoms, reduction of the addictive potential of opioids, anxiolysis, modulation of locomotor activity, memory disorders, epilepsy; Modulation of neurotransmitter release, in particular of glutamate, serotonin and dopamine, and thus neurodegenerative diseases; Influence of the cardiovascular system, induction of an erection, diuresis, antinatriuresis, electrolyte balance, arterial blood pressure, water retention diseases, intestinal motility (diarrhea), respiratory relaxant effects, micturition reflex (urinary incontinence). Furthermore, the use of agonists and antagonists as anoretic agents, analgesics (also in co-administration with opioids) or nootropics is discussed.
• the object of the present invention was to provide medicaments which act on the opioid receptor system and thus for medicaments, in particular for the treatment of the various diseases associated with this prior art system or for use in those there mentioned indications are suitable.
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H; CHO; C 1-6 -alkyl in each case saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, in each case saturated or unsaturated, monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; or about C
• R 1 and R 2 together represent CH 2 CH 2 ⁇ CH 2 CH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 NR 1 1 CH 2 CH 2 or (CH 2 ) 3 - 6, where R 1 is H; C 1-4 alkyl, in each case saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; C .g-Cycloalkyl, in each case saturated or unsaturated, monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; Aryl or heteroaryl, in each case monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; or aryl, C .g-cycloalkyl or heteroaryl bonded via C 1-4 -alkyl, in each case monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted;
• R is C5-alkyl, in each case saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; C 3-8 -cycloalkyl, in each case saturated or unsaturated, monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; Aryl or heteroaryl, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; aryl, heteroaryl or C .g-cycloalkyl bonded via C 1-6 alkyl group, in each case unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted;
• W is NR 4 , O or S and
• R 4 for H; C 1-4 alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; Aryl, or heteroaryl, each substituted or unsubstituted; over a bonded aryl, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl, each singly or multiply substituted or unsubstituted; COR ⁇ 2 ; S0 2 R 12 , where R 12 is H; C 1-4 alkyl, in each case saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; C .g-Cycloalkyl, in each case saturated or unsaturated, monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; Aryl or heteroaryl, in each case monosubstituted or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; or about C
• R 6 for H; F, Cl, NO 2 , CF 3 , OR 13 , SR 13 , SO 2 R 13 , SO 2 OR 13 , CN, COOR 13 , NR ⁇ 4 R 15 ; C «
• R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are independently for H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO 2 , CF 3 , OR 13 , SR 13 SO 2 R 13 , SO 2 OR 13 , CN, COOR 3 , [SJ R 14R15.
• R ⁇ 3 H; C j _5-alkyl in each case saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted; C 3-3 -cycloalkyl, in each case saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; Aryl or heteroaryl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; or aryl, C 3-8 -cycloalkyl or heteroaryl bonded via C 1-4 -alkyl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted;
• R ⁇ 4 and R15 are independently H; C ⁇
• X is O, S, SO, S0 2 or NR 17 ; R 7 for H; C 1-5 alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched; COR 12 or S0 2 R 12 , in the form of the racemate; the enantiomers, diastereomers, mixtures of the enantiomers or diastereomers, or a single enantiomer or diastereomer; the bases and / or salts of physiologically acceptable acids or cations.
• R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 When summarizing various radicals, for example R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 and the summary of radicals on their substituents, such as.
• OR 13 , SR 13 , SO 2 R 13 or COOR 13 a substituent, for example R 13 , for two or more radicals, for example R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R ⁇ , assume different meanings within a substance.
• the compounds of the invention show good binding to the ⁇ receptor, but also to other opioid receptors. Surprisingly, it has been found that the substances also have an affinity for the binding site 2 of the sodium channel (BTX binding).
• the compound class of the general formula I is also suitable for use as a local anesthetic.
• C ⁇ -Alky! and “C j .g-alkyl” for the purposes of this invention include acyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals which may be branched or straight-chained and unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted, having 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 C-atoms or 1, 2 or 3 C-atoms, ie C - ⁇ - Alkanyle, C. 5 - alkenyls and C 2 _5-alkynyls or C- ⁇ -alkanyles, C 2 _3-alkenyls and C 2 _3-alkynyls.
• Alkenyls have at least one CC double bond and alkynyls at least one CC triple bond.
• cycloalkyl or "C 3-8 cycloalkyl” for the purposes of this invention means cyclic hydrocarbons having 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms wherein the hydrocarbons are saturated or unsaturated (but not aromatic), unsubstituted or mono- or can be substituted several times. With respect to cycloalkyl, the term also includes saturated or unsaturated (but not aromatic) cycloalkyls in which one or two carbon atoms are replaced by a heteroatom S, N or O.
• C3_g-cycloalkyl is selected from the group consisting of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl and cyclooctenyl, but also tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrazolinonyl and pyrrolidinyl.
• (CH 2 ) 3-6 is -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 - CH 2 -CH 2 - and CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 - to understand.
• aryl in the context of this invention means carbocyclic ring systems having at least one aromatic ring but without heteroatoms in only one of the rings, i.a. Phenyle, naphthyls and phenanthrenyls, fluoranthenyls, fluorenyls, indanyls and tetralinyls.
• the aryl radicals can also be condensed with further saturated, (partially) unsaturated or aromatic ring systems.
• Each aryl radical may be unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted, wherein the aryl substituents may be the same or different and may be in any desired and possible position of the aryl. Particularly advantageous are phenyl or naphthyl radicals.
• heteroaryl represents a 5-, 6- or 7-membered cyclic aromatic radical containing at least 1, optionally also 2, 3, 4 or 5 heteroatoms, wherein the heteroatoms are the same or different and the heterocycle is unsubstituted or may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted; in the case of substitution on the heterocycle, the substituents may be the same or different and may be in any and possible position of the heteroaryl.
• the heterocycle may also be part of a bi- or polycyclic system. Preferred heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• the Heteroaryl radical is selected from the group consisting of pyrrolyl, indolyl, furyl (furanyl), benzofuranyl, thienyl (thiophenyl), benzothienyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzodioxolanyl, benzodioxanyl, phthaloyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazoyl, Pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyranyl, indazolyl, purinyl, indolizinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, carbazolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl or oxadiazolyl, wherein the bond to the compounds of general
• substituted in the context of "alkyl” means the substitution of one or more hydrogen radicals by F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, NH 2 , NH-alkyl, NH-aryl, NH-heteroaryl , NH-cycloalkyl, NH-alkyl-aryl, NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, NH-alkyl-OH, N (alkyl) 2 , N (alkyl-aryl) 2 , N (alkyl-heteroaryl) 2 , N (cycloalkyl) 2 , N (alkyl-OH) 2 , NO 2 , SH, S-alkyl, S-aryl, S-heteroaryl, S-alkyl-aryl, S-alkyl-heteroaryl, S-cycloalkyl, S-alkyl-OH, S-- Alkyl-SH, OH, O-alkyl,
• aryl In the context of this invention, "aryl”, “heteroaryl” and “cycloalkyl” are understood as meaning “monosubstituted or polysubstituted” the one or more, for example two, three, four or five times, substitution of one or more hydrogen atoms of Ringsystems by F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NH 2 , NH-alkyl, NH-aryl, NH-heteroaryl, NH-alkyl-aryl, NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, NH-cycloalkyl, NH-alkyl-OH, N (Alkyl) 2> N (alkyl-aryl) 2 , N (alkyl-heteroaryl) 2 , N (cycloalkyl) 2 , N (alkyl-OH) 2 , NO 2 , SH, S-alkyl, S-cycloalkyl, S- Aryl, S-heteroaryl, S-alkyl
• salt means any form of the active ingredient according to the invention in which it assumes an ionic form or is charged and is coupled with a counterion (a cation or anion) or is in solution.
• a counterion a cation or anion
• salts of the active ingredient with other molecules and ions in particular complexes that are complexed via ionic interactions.
• they include (and this is also a preferred embodiment of this invention) physiologically acceptable salts, especially physiologically acceptable salts with cations or bases and physiologically acceptable salts with anions or acids or else a salt formed with a physiologically acceptable acid or a physiologically acceptable cation ,
• physiologically acceptable salt with anions or acids is understood as meaning salts of at least one of the compounds according to the invention-usually, for example, nitrogen-protonated-as a cation having at least one anion which is physiologically-in particular when used in humans and / or Mammal - are compatible.
• physiological acceptable acid formed salt namely salts of the respective active ingredient with inorganic or organic acids which are physiologically - especially when used in humans and / or mammalian - compatible.
• physiologically acceptable salts of certain acids are salts of: hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, glutamic acid, saccharic acid, monomethylsebacic acid, 5-oxo-proline , Hexane-1-sulfonic acid, nicotinic acid, 2-, 3- or 4-aminobenzoic acid, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid, ⁇ -lipoic acid, acetylglycine, phosphoric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, hippuric acid and / or aspartic acid.
• Particularly preferred is the hydrochloride salt, citrate and hemicitrate. ⁇
• salt formed with a physiologically acceptable acid means salts of the respective active ingredient with inorganic or organic acids which are physiologically compatible, in particular when used in humans and / or mammals.
• Particularly preferred is the hydrochloride and the citrate.
• physiologically acceptable acids are: hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, glutamic acid, saccharic acid, monomethylsebacic acid, 5-oxoproline, hexane-1-sulfonic acid , Nicotinic acid, 2-, 3- or 4-aminobenzoic acid, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid, ⁇ -lipoic acid, acetylglycine, acetylsalicylic acid, hippuric acid and / or aspartic acid.
• physiologically compatible salt with cations or bases refers to salts of at least one of the compounds according to the invention-usually a (deprotonated) acid-as an anion having at least one, preferably inorganic, cation which is physiologically-in particular when used in humans and / or mammalian.
• Particularly preferred are the salts of the alkali and alkaline earth metals but also ammonium salts, but especially (mono-) or (di) sodium, (mono-) or (di) potassium, magnesium or calcium salts.
• the term salt formed with a physiologically compatible cation means salts of at least one of the respective compounds as anion with at least one inorganic cation which is physiologically acceptable, in particular when used in humans and / or mammals.
• Particularly preferred are the salts of the alkali and alkaline earth metals but also ammonium salts, but especially (mono-) or (di) sodium, (mono-) or (di) potassium, magnesium or calcium salts.
• R 1 and R 2 are independently H; C j .g-alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, mono- or polysubstituted or unsubstituted; or R ⁇ and R 2 together form a ring and denote CH 2 CH2 ⁇ CH 2 CH2, CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH2NR 1 1 or denote (CH2) 3_6 wherein R11 is H; C M _g-alkyl, saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched, mono- or polysubstituted or unsubstituted, means.
• R 1 and R 2 independently of one another, are CH 3 or H, where R 1 and R 2 are not simultaneously H.
• R 3 is cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, benzodioxolanyl, indolyl, indanyl, benzodioxanyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl or pyrazinyl, each unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; C5_5-cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, pyridyl, furyl, benzofuranyl, benzodioxolanyl, indolyl, indanyl, benzodioxanyl
• R 3 is phenyl, furyl, thiophenyl, naphthyl, benzyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, indanyl, benzodioxanyl, benzodioxolanyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl or benzothiophenyl, each unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted; via a saturated, unbranched C j _ 2 alkyl group bonded phenyl, furyl or thiophenyl, in each case unsubstituted or mono- or poly-substituted.
• R 3 is phenyl, phenethyl, thiophenyl, pyridyl or benzyl, in each case substituted or unsubstituted, particularly preferably phenyl.
• R 3 is phenyl, unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by F, Cl, CN, OCH 3, OCH 2 CH 3, CH 3, CF 3 or OH, in particular 3-fluorophenyl and 4-fluorophenyl.
• R 5 is H, C j _ 5 - alkyl, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted or COOR 13 and R 6 means H or C j _ 5 -alkyl.
• R 7 R 8 R and R 10 are independently H; C j _5-alkyl, branched or unbranched, unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted; , Are F, Cl, Br, I, CF 3, OH, OCH 3, NH 2, COOH, COOCH 3 NHCH 3 or N (CH 3) 2 or N0. 2
• the Razemats in the form of the Razemats; the enantiomers, diastereomers, mixtures of the enantiomers or diastereomers or a single enantiomer or diastereomer; the bases and / or salts of physiologically acceptable acids or cations.
• the substances according to the invention act, for example, on the ⁇ -opioid receptor relevant in connection with various diseases, so that they are suitable as pharmaceutical active ingredient in a pharmaceutical.
• Another object of the invention are therefore medicaments containing at least one inventive spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative, and optionally suitable additives and / or auxiliaries and / or optionally other active ingredients.
• the medicaments according to the invention optionally contain suitable additives and / or adjuvants, such as carrier materials, fillers, solvents, diluents, dyes and / or binders and can be used as liquid dosage forms in the form of injection solutions, drops or juices, be administered as semi-solid dosage forms in the form of granules, tablets, pellets, patches, capsules, patches / spray patches or aerosols.
• suitable additives and / or adjuvants such as carrier materials, fillers, solvents, diluents, dyes and / or binders and can be used as liquid dosage forms in the form of injection solutions, drops or juices, be administered as semi-solid dosage forms in the form of granules, tablets, pellets, patches, capsules, patches / spray patches or aerosols.
• suitable additives and / or adjuvants such as carrier materials, fillers, solvents, diluents, dyes and / or binders
• the amounts to be used depend on whether the drug is oral, peroral, parenteral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intradermal, intramuscular, intranasal, buccal, rectal or topical, for example on the skin, mucous membranes or in the eyes, to be applied.
• preparations in the form of tablets, dragees, capsules, granules, drops, juices and syrups are suitable, for parenteral, topical and inhalative administration solutions, suspensions, readily reconstitutable dry preparations and sprays.
• Spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives according to the invention in a depot, in dissolved form or in a plaster, optionally with the addition of skin penetration promoting agents, are suitable percutaneous administration preparations. Orally or percutaneously applicable preparation forms can release the spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives according to the invention with a delay.
• the spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives of the invention can also be used in parenteral long-term depot forms such. As implants or implanted pumps are applied. In principle, other active compounds known to the person skilled in the art may be added to the medicaments according to the invention.
• the amount of drug to be administered to the patient varies depending on the weight of the patient, the mode of administration, the indication and the severity of the disease. Usually 0.00005 to 50 mg / kg, preferably 0.01 to 5 mg / kg of at least one spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative of the invention are administered.
• the medicament contains, in addition to at least one spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative, another active substance, in particular an opioid, preferably a strong opioid, in particular morphine, or an anesthetic, preferably hexobarbital or halothane.
• another active substance in particular an opioid, preferably a strong opioid, in particular morphine, or an anesthetic, preferably hexobarbital or halothane.
• a contained spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative according to the invention is present as a pure diastereomer and / or enantiomer, as a racemate or as a non-equimolar or equimolar mixture of the diastereomers and / or enantiomers.
• spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives of the present invention may be used for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of pain, especially acute, neuropathic or chronic pain.
• Another object of the invention is therefore the use of a spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of pain, in particular of acute, visceral, neuropathic or chronic pain.
• Another object of the invention is the use of a spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of anxiety, stress and stress related syndromes, depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, general cognitive dysfunction, learning and memory disorders.
• Disorders (as nootropic), withdrawal symptoms, alcohol and / or drug and / or Drug abuse and / or dependence, sexual dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases, hypotension, hypertension, tinnitus, pruritus, migraine, deafness, intestinal motility, impaired food intake, anorexia, obesity, locomotor disorders, diarrhea, cachexia, urinary incontinence or as muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant or Anesthetic or coadministration for treatment with an opioid analgesic or with an anesthetic, for diuresis or antinatriuresis, anxiolysis, modulation of locomotor activity, modulation of neurotransmitter release and treatment of associated neurodegenerative diseases, for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms and / or for reduction the addictive potential of opioids.
• cardiovascular diseases hypotension, hypertension, tinnitus, pruritus, migraine, deafness, intestinal motility, impaired food intake, anorexia, obesity, locomotor disorders, diarrhea, cachexia, urinary incontinence or as muscle relax
• a used spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative is present as a pure diastereomer and / or enantiomer, as a racemate or as a non-equimolar or equimolar mixture of the diastereomers and / or enantiomers.
• Another object of the invention is a method for the treatment, in particular in one of the aforementioned indications, of a non-human mammal or human, which or a treatment of pain, especially chronic pain, requires, by administering a therapeutically significant dose of a spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative of the invention , or a medicament according to the invention.
• Another object of the invention is a process for preparing the spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives of the invention as set forth in the following description and examples. Particularly suitable is a, in.
• a process for the preparation of a spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative according to the invention which comprises the following steps, wherein X, W, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 R 8 , R 9 and R 10 are those which are suitable for the process according to the invention
• Compounds according to formula I have meaning indicated, and
• R 01 and R 02 have the meaning given for compounds according to the invention of formula I for R 1 and R 2 and, in addition, independently of one another may represent a protective group:
• ketones of the general formula A are reacted with heteroaromatics of the general formula B with addition of acid or its trimethylsilyl ester, for example trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid or trifluoroacetic acid in a suitable solvent, for example dichloroethane, dichloromethane, Chloroform, acetonitrile, diethyl ether or nitromethane.
• acid or its trimethylsilyl ester for example trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid or trifluoroacetic acid in a suitable solvent, for example dichloroethane, dichloromethane, Chloroform, acetonitrile, diethyl ether or nitromethane.
• the preparation can also be carried out according to the following scheme, wherein X, W, R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 have the meaning given for inventive compounds of formula I, and
• R01 and R ⁇ 2 have the meaning given for compounds according to the invention of formula I for R ⁇ and R 2 and may additionally be independently of one another a protective group.
• Spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives of the general formula I in which X is NR1 and R 7 COR “! 2 or S0 2 R '' 2 may be prepared by the reaction of spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives of the general formula I wherein X is NH, through reaction with a Anhydride or an acid chloride can be obtained with the addition of a base, for example triethylamine, Preferably this reaction takes place under microwave irradiation.
• Spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives of the general formula I in which X is SO or SO 2 can be obtained by reacting spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives of the general formula I in which X is S with an oxidizing agent, for example H 2 O 2 .
• an oxidizing agent for example H 2 O 2 .
• ether means diethyl ether, "EE” ethyl acetate and “DCM” dichloromethane.
• equivalents means molar equivalents, "mp” melting point or melting range, “decomp.” Decomposition, "RT” room temperature, “abs.” absolute (anhydrous),, “rac.” racemic, “conc.” concentrated, “min” minutes, “h” hours, “d” days, “vol.%” volume percent, “m%” mass percent and “M” is a concentration in mol / l.
• the stationary phase used for the column chromatography was silica gel 60 (0.040-0.063 mm) from E. Merck, Darmstadt.
• Example 1 The spiroether obtained according to Method A (Example 1) (220 mg, 0.61 mmol) was suspended in methanol (100 ml) and treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (0.11 ml, 1.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 15 minutes to give a clear solution. The reaction volume was reduced to 10 ml. After cooling, the triflate (Example 2) was filtered off with suction in a yield of 70% (217 mg).
• Example 2 The triflate (Example 2) was suspended in 1N sodium hydroxide solution (15 ml) and stirred for 15 minutes. The resulting solid was filtered off with suction, washed with water (2 ⁇ 10 ml) and dried.
• the free base (Example 1) was obtained in a yield of 66% as a beige solid in a yield of 66% (239 mg).
• To prepare the citrate the base (229 mg, 0.63 mmol) in methanol (90 ml) was suspended at 50 ° C and treated with citric acid (122 mg, 0.63 mmol) dissolved in warm methanol (10 ml) , The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at RT and the precipitated solid was filtered off with suction.
• the citrate (Example 3) was obtained in a yield of 62% (216 mg) as a white solid with a melting point of 249-243 ° C.
• the reaction mixture was diluted with water (170 ml) and dichloromethane (60 ml) and the phases separated.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (1 x 50 ml) and the organic phases combined. After washing the organic phase with water (1 x 50 ml), it was dried and concentrated.
• 2-Benzo [b] thiophen-2-yl-ethanethiol was obtained as a colorless oil (2.91 g) in a yield of 73%.
• the resulting solid was dissolved in a 500 ml one-necked flask while stirring with 50 percent strength. Phosphoric acid (85 ml) and then treated with ether (50 ml). After stirring at RT for 24 h, a three-phase system was formed to which ether (100 ml) was added. The mixture was refluxed with stirring for 6 hours to form a two-phase system. The phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 50 ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (2 x 50 ml), dried over Na 2 S0 4 and concentrated after drying. The residue was a yellow oil with solid components.
• Example 13 To prepare the citrate (Example 13), the base (Example 12) (143 mg, 0.377 mmol) in ethanol (10 mL) was dissolved at 50 ° C and washed with citric acid (72 mg, 0.377 mmol) dissolved in warm ethanol (3 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h at RT and concentrated to 5 ml. The precipitated solid was filtered off with suction and washed with ethanol (2 ⁇ 1 ml). The citrate was obtained in a yield of 83% (179 mg) as a colorless solid having a melting point of 189-191 ° C.
• the cyclohexane derivatives of the general formula I were investigated in a receptor binding assay with 3 H-nociceptin / orphanin FQ with membranes from recombinant CHO-ORL1 cells.
• This test system was tested according to the method described by Ardati et al. (Mol. Pharmacol., 51, 1997, pp. 816-824).
• the Concentration of 3 H-nociceptin / orphanin FQ was 0.5 nM in these experiments.
• the binding assays were carried out with 20 ⁇ g membrane protein per 200 ⁇ l batch in 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 10 mM MgCl 2 and 1 mM EDTA.
• the binding to the ORL1 receptor was determined using 1 mg WGA-SPA beads (Amersham-Pharmacia, Freiburg), by incubation of the mixture at RT for one hour and subsequent measurement in the scintillation counter Trilux (Wallac, Finland).
• a value of 49% inhibition was determined for example 13 at a test concentration of 1 ⁇ M.
• the receptor affinity for the human ⁇ -opiate receptor was determined in a homogeneous batch in microtiter plates. For this purpose, dilution series of each substituted substituted spirocyclic cyclohexane derivative to be tested with a receptor membrane preparation (15-40 micrograms of protein per 250 ul incubation mixture) of CHO-K1 cells expressing the human ⁇ -opiate receptor (RB-HOM receptor membrane preparation of the company NEN, Zaventem, Belgium) in the presence of 1 nmol / l of the radioactive ligand [ 3 H] -aloxone (NET719, NEN, Zaventem, Belgium) and 1 mg of WGA-SPA beads (Wheat germ agglutinin SPA beads from Amersham / Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany) in a total volume of 250 ⁇ l for 90 minutes at room temperature.
• a receptor membrane preparation 15-40 micrograms of protein per 250 ul incubation mixture
• the incubation buffer used was 50 mmol / l Tris-HCl supplemented with 0.05% by weight of sodium azide and with 0.06% by weight of bovine serum albumin. To determine the unspecific binding an additional 25 .mu.mol / l naloxone was added. After the ninety-minute incubation period, the microtiter plates were centrifuged off for 20 minutes at 1000 g and the radioactivity was measured in a ⁇ -counter (Microbeta-Trilux, PerkinElmer Wallac, Freiburg, Germany).
• the percentage displacement of the radioactive ligand from its binding to the human ⁇ -opiate receptor at a concentration of the test subjects of 1 ⁇ mol / l was determined and reported as a percentage inhibition (% inhibition) of the specific binding. Partially, based on the percentage displacement by different concentrations of testing compounds of general formula I IC 50 inhibitory concentrations calculated that cause a 50 percent displacement of the radioactive ligand. By conversion using the Cheng-Prusoff relationship, Ki values were obtained for the test substances.
• the binding site 2 of the sodium channel is the so-called batrachotoxin (BTX) binding site.
• the ligand used was [ 3 H] -batrachotoxin A20 ⁇ -benzoate (10 nM in the reaction mixture).
• These ion channel particles were enriched from the rat Cerebrocortex according to Gray and Whittaker (EG Gray and VP Whittaker (1962) J. Anat. 76, 79-88).
• Non-specific binding is defined as the radioactivity measured in the presence of veratridine (0.3 mM in the reaction). Incubation at 25 ° C for 120 min.
• the assay conditions have been performed following the publication of Pauwels, Leysen and Laduron (PJ Pauwels, JE Leysen and PM Laduron (1986) Eur. J. Pharmacol., 124, 291-298).

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