WO2005062027A1 - 有害物質の評価方法、及び有害物質の評価用キット - Google Patents
有害物質の評価方法、及び有害物質の評価用キット Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005062027A1 WO2005062027A1 PCT/JP2004/018844 JP2004018844W WO2005062027A1 WO 2005062027 A1 WO2005062027 A1 WO 2005062027A1 JP 2004018844 W JP2004018844 W JP 2004018844W WO 2005062027 A1 WO2005062027 A1 WO 2005062027A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- measurement
- sample
- light
- solution
- delayed fluorescence
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6408—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence with measurement of decay time, time resolved fluorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6486—Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N2021/635—Photosynthetic material analysis, e.g. chrorophyll
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for evaluating harmful substances and a kit for evaluating harmful substances.
- Bio Atsui is used as a method for evaluating the effect of unknown chemical substances present in the environment on living organisms.
- Bioassay is an existing physicochemical method because it can comprehensively detect biological effects such as the effects of unknown or unexpected substances, the interaction of chemical substances, and the effects of the environment. It has a complementary relationship with liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, atomic absorption measurement, and enzymimnoassy.
- bioassay In this bioassay, a relatively large number of individuals can be statistically processed and have a relatively short life cycle. Small aquatic organisms are used, which have various biological functions and are easily affected by chemical substances. As a specific method of bioassay, there is a biological effect evaluation by an algal growth inhibition test prescribed in the guidelines of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The algal growth inhibition test is a method for evaluating the various toxicity of a test substance to algae.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method for measuring photosynthesis inhibition using chlorophyll fluorescence from algae.
- Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 also describe a measurement method using delayed fluorescence.
- Non-Noon Document 1 Ulrich bchreiber et al., New type of dual-channel PAM chlorophyll fluorometer for highly sensitive water toxicity biotests ", Photosynthesis Research 74, p.317-330 (2002)
- Non-special reference literature 2 Werner Schmidt and Horst Senger, "Long-term delayed luminescence in Scenedesmus obliquus. II. Influence of exogeneous factors, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 891, p. 22-27 (1987)
- Non-Patent Document 3 Joacnim Burger and Werner Schmidt, "Long term delayed
- the present invention has been made in view of a powerful problem, and a harmful substance evaluation method capable of analyzing a wide range of harmful substances in a short time, and a kit for evaluating harmful substances.
- the purpose is to provide
- the method for evaluating a harmful substance is a method for evaluating a toxic substance that evaluates a toxic substance present in an aqueous solution sample to be tested.
- a photosynthetic sample having a photosynthetic function is mixed with an aqueous solution sample to prepare a test measurement solution, the test measurement solution is left for a predetermined time, and the test measurement solution is irradiated with light for a predetermined irradiation time.
- the first step of measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence generated and (2) leaving the comparative measurement solution prepared by mixing the photosynthetic sample in the comparative sampler for a predetermined period of time, and irradiating the comparative measurement solution with the predetermined irradiation time
- a second step of preparing a comparative measurement result obtained by measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence generated (3) An evaluation value is calculated based on the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained in each of the first step and the second step, and a comparison value of the evaluation value is calculated, thereby determining a harmful substance present in the aqueous solution sample.
- the evaluation value is an elapsed time at a characteristic point of a temporal change in the amount of the delayed fluorescence obtained in the first step and the second step. I do.
- the harmful substance evaluation method according to the present invention is a harmful substance evaluation method for evaluating harmful substances present in an aqueous solution sample to be tested, wherein (1) a photosynthetic sample having a photosynthetic function in the aqueous solution sample To prepare a test measurement solution, leave the test measurement solution for a predetermined standing time, irradiate the test measurement solution with light for a predetermined irradiation time, and then measure the amount of delayed fluorescence generated. (2) The comparative measurement solution prepared by mixing the photosynthesis sample with the comparative sample was allowed to stand for a predetermined period of time, and after irradiating the comparative measurement solution with light for the predetermined irradiation time, the amount of delayed fluorescence generated was measured.
- a second step of preparing the comparison measurement results and (3) calculating an evaluation value based on the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained in each of the first and second steps, and comparing the evaluation values.
- the evaluation value is calculated based on the time of the amount of the delayed fluorescence obtained in the first and second steps. It is a characteristic change, and the comparison value is a value obtained by taking the difference of the temporal change.
- a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence emitted from a photosynthetic sample mixed with an aqueous solution sample to be evaluated is compared with a comparison sample prepared as a comparative object for an aqueous solution sample.
- the characteristics obtained by comparing the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence emitted from the photosynthetic sample in the comparative measurement solution containing the sample enable the simultaneous and accurate qualitative and quantitative determination of a plurality of harmful substances.
- the measurement time can be shortened as a whole.
- the evaluation value is calculated based on a characteristic point of a temporal change in the light amount of the delayed fluorescence acquired in the first step and the second step. It is overtime.
- the characteristic point of the temporal change of the amount of delayed fluorescence is Since it changes depending on the type of chemical substance that becomes a harmful substance, by evaluating the elapsed time at the characteristic point, various harmful substances can be qualitatively and quantitatively more accurately.
- the evaluation value is a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained in the first step and the second step
- the comparison value is a difference between the temporal changes.
- the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence acquired in the first step or the second step has a characteristic point. It is possible to use a method of evaluating a harmful substance by using a value obtained by taking the difference in the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence over a predetermined range between the characteristic point of measurement and the measurement start point or another characteristic point as a comparison value. it can. Further, when there is no characteristic point in the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescent light, the value obtained by taking the difference in the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescent light over the entirety or a predetermined range can be used as the comparison value.
- a value obtained by taking a difference in a temporal change in the amount of the delayed fluorescence acquired in the first step and the second step is further added to the first step or the second step
- a method of evaluating a harmful substance can be used as a comparison value using a value obtained by calculating a ratio of the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained over time to the change over time.
- a standard sample solution to be compared is used as a comparative sample
- a photosynthetic sample sample is mixed with the standard sample to prepare a standard measurement solution as a comparative measurement solution
- the standard measurement solution is allowed to stand for a predetermined period of time.
- a method in which the standard measurement solution is allowed to stand and irradiated with light for a predetermined irradiation time, and then the amount of delayed fluorescence generated is measured to obtain a comparative measurement result.
- it is preferable to use, as a standard sample a sample substantially free of harmful substances.
- another aqueous sample is used as a comparative sample, and another test measurement solution that is a comparative measurement solution prepared by mixing a photosynthetic sample with another aqueous sample is obtained.
- Prepared measurement results as comparison measurement results The method can be used. In this case, for example, the previous measurement result can be used as the comparison measurement result.
- a method of preparing the comparative measurement result by measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence light for the comparative measurement solution can be used.
- a method of preparing a measurement result obtained in advance for a comparative measurement solution as a comparative measurement result may be used. In such a case, it is preferable to store the comparison measurement results obtained in advance in a memory or the like, and read and use the data as necessary.
- the light condition is changed for each measurement, the test measurement solution and the comparative measurement solution are left for a predetermined standing time, and in the third step, It is also preferable to evaluate the change of the comparison value according to the light condition.
- the influence of the light conditions on the delayed fluorescence characteristics differs for each harmful substance, and the evaluation of the comparison value according to the change in the light conditions when left undisturbed allows the discrimination of the harmful substances in the aqueous solution sample. It becomes even easier.
- the density of the photosynthetic sample in the test measurement solution and the comparative measurement solution is preferably in a range of density having a proportional relationship with the amount of delayed fluorescence.
- the density of the photosynthetic sample is measured by measuring the absorbance and the like, and then the amount of the delayed fluorescence is corrected based on the density, thereby realizing more accurate evaluation of the harmful substance.
- the test measurement solution and the comparative measurement solution it is also preferable to homogenize the test measurement solution and the comparative measurement solution before measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence. In this way, since the photosynthetic sample in the measurement solution is evenly distributed during the measurement, it is possible to evaluate harmful substances with even less error.
- the photosynthetic sample to be mixed with the aqueous sample it is preferable to use a photosynthetic sample made of at least one selected from the group consisting of salt-resistant algae, alkali-resistant algae, and acid-resistant algae.
- a photosynthetic sample is Spirulina.
- the other harmful substance evaluation method is a harmful substance evaluation method for evaluating harmful substances present in an aqueous solution sample to be tested, and comprises: ( a ) photosynthesis having a photosynthesis function to an aqueous solution sample; A preparation step of mixing the sample to prepare a test measurement solution; (b) a step of leaving the test measurement solution for a predetermined time; and (c) a step of irradiating the test measurement solution with light for a predetermined irradiation time.
- a measurement step for measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence to be measured (d) an evaluation step for evaluating harmful substances present in the aqueous solution sample based on the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained in the measurement step, and (e) a measurement step.
- the step Before the step, perform a standby in the dark for a predetermined waiting time for the test measurement solution, or perform preliminary light irradiation and a standby in the dark for a predetermined waiting time on the test measurement solution. And an acclimation step including one of the preliminary irradiation steps.
- a plurality of harmful substances can be simultaneously and simultaneously analyzed based on the characteristics obtained in the temporal change of the amount of delayed fluorescence emitted from the photosynthetic sample mixed with the aqueous solution sample to be evaluated. It can be qualitatively and quantitatively accurately.
- measurement time can be shortened as a whole.
- the predetermined standby time in the dark standby step is preferably 30 seconds or more and 1 hour or less.
- the ratio of the preliminary light irradiation time and the dark standby time in the preliminary irradiation step is equal to the ratio of the light irradiation time and the dark standby time in the measurement step.
- kits for evaluating harmful substances for evaluating harmful substances present in an aqueous solution sample to be tested comprising: a photosynthetic sample mixed with the aqueous solution sample;
- a kit for evaluating harmful substances comprising: a mixed salt for adjusting the salt concentration and pH of an aqueous solution sample, and mixing means for separating and mixing a photosynthetic sample and a mixed salt into an aqueous sample.
- the evaluation kit preferably includes a stabilizer for making the distribution density of the photosynthetic sample uniform. like this Examples of the stabilizer include a specific gravity adjuster and a thickener.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of a delayed fluorescence measurement device.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram partially showing the delayed fluorescence measurement device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a method for evaluating a factor inhibiting biological growth according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the operation of the delayed fluorescence measurement device 1 when measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence light.
- FIG. 6 (a) is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the absorbance at a wavelength of 665 nm and the amount of delayed fluorescence
- (b) is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the absorbance at a wavelength of 750 nm and the amount of delayed fluorescence.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a change in a comparative value VCP1 with respect to absorbance.
- FIG. 8 (a) is a graph showing the evaluation value CP1 when the light intensity is changed, (b) is a graph showing the evaluation value CP2 when the light intensity is changed, and (c) Is a graph showing the evaluation value TP2 when the light intensity was changed.
- FIG. 9 (a) is a graph showing the evaluation value CP1 when the light wavelength is changed, (b) is a graph showing the evaluation value CP2 when the light wavelength is changed, and (c) Is a graph showing the evaluation value TP2 when the light wavelength is changed.
- FIG. 10 (a) is a graph showing a change in the comparative value VCP1 with respect to the atrazine concentration, (b) is a graph showing a change in the comparative value VCP2 with respect to the atrazine concentration, and (c) is a graph showing the change with respect to the atrazine concentration 9 is a graph showing a change in a comparative value VTP2.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing Curve values when the concentration of atrazine is changed.
- FIG. 12 (a) is a graph showing a change in the comparative value VCP1 with respect to the DCMU concentration, (b) is a graph showing a change in the comparative value VCP2 with respect to the DCMU concentration, and (c) is a graph showing the change in the DCMU concentration 9 is a graph showing a change in a comparative value VTP2.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing a curve value when the DCMU concentration is changed.
- FIG. 14 (a) in FIG. 14 is a graph showing the change in the comparative value VCP1 with respect to the paraquat concentration, (b) is a graph showing the change in the comparative value VCP2 with respect to the paraquat concentration, and (c) is a comparative value with respect to the paraquat concentration 6 is a graph showing a change in VTP2.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the curve values when the paraquat concentration was changed.
- Garden 16 (a) of FIG. 16 is a graph showing a change in the comparative value VCP1 with respect to the inorganic mercury concentration, (b) is a graph showing a change in the comparative value VCP2 with respect to the inorganic mercury concentration, and (c) is a graph showing the change in the inorganic mercury concentration 9 is a graph showing a change in a comparison value VTP2 with respect to a degree.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing Curve values when the concentration of inorganic mercury is changed.
- FIG. 18 (a) is a graph showing a change in comparison value VCP1 with respect to free cyan concentration, (b) is a graph showing a change in comparison value VCP2 with respect to free cyan concentration, and (c) is a graph showing free cyanide concentration. 9 is a graph showing a change in a comparative value VTP2 with respect to a concentration.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing a curve value when the free cyan concentration is changed.
- FIG. 20 (a) is a graph showing a change in comparison value VCP1 with respect to TPN concentration, (b) is a graph showing a change in comparison value VCP2 with respect to TPN concentration, (c) is a ratio with respect to TPN concentration 6 is a graph showing a change in a comparative value VTP2.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing a curve value when the TPN concentration is changed.
- FIG. 22 (a) is a graph showing the comparison value VCP1 of each test measurement solution containing different types of biological growth inhibition factors, and (b) is a ratio of each test measurement solution containing different types of biological growth inhibition factors.
- a graph showing the comparison value VCP2 and (c) is a graph showing the comparison value VTP2 of each test measurement solution containing different types of biological growth inhibiting factors.
- Figure 23 (a) is a graph showing the comparison value VCP1 of each test measurement solution containing the same type of biological growth inhibition factor, and (b) is the ratio of each test measurement solution containing the same type of biological growth inhibition factor A graph showing the comparison value VCP2, and (c) is a graph showing the comparison value VTP2 of each test measurement solution containing the same kind of biological growth inhibiting factor.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a procedure for measuring delayed fluorescence using the kit for evaluating a factor inhibiting biological growth according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a kit for evaluating a biological growth inhibitory factor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a procedure when measuring delayed fluorescence using the method shown in FIG.
- FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing a procedure of an evaluation method of a biological growth inhibiting factor according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 27 (a) is a graph showing the comparison values for TPN under various light conditions when left unattended, and (b) is a graph showing the comparison values for inorganic mercury under various light conditions when left unattended. It is.
- FIG. 28 (a) is a graph showing the comparison value VCP1 calculated in Example 1
- (b) is a graph showing the comparison value VCP2 calculated in Example 1
- (c) is a graph showing the comparison value VCP2 calculated in Example 1.
- 6 is a graph showing a comparison value VTP2 calculated in Example 1.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the comparison value VCP1 calculated in Example 2.
- FIG. 30 is a table showing an example of adjustment when an aqueous solution sample is adjusted using a high salt medium and a low salt medium.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing the change in the amount of delayed fluorescence with respect to the standing time under the conditions of no solution homogenization and addition of a thickener.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a continuous evaluation method for harmful substances.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic view showing another example of a method for continuously evaluating harmful substances.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an example of a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescent light.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing an example of a method of calculating a curve value when a characteristic point exists in a delayed fluorescence decay curve.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing an example of a method of calculating a curve value when a feature point does not exist in a delayed fluorescence decay curve.
- FIG. 37 is a graph showing Curve values when the simazine concentration and the dichlorophenol concentration were changed.
- FIG. 38 is a graph showing VCurve values when simazine concentration and dichlorophenol concentration were changed.
- FIG. 39 is a graph showing a change in the evaluation value CP1 depending on the number of times of measurement of the delayed fluorescence.
- FIG. 40 is a table showing the measurement accuracy of the results of three measurements of delayed fluorescence Explanation of reference numerals
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a delayed fluorescence measurement device
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram partially illustrating the delayed fluorescence measurement device.
- the delayed fluorescence measurement device 1 includes a light source 10, a first measurement unit 12, a second measurement unit 14, an analysis unit 16, and a control unit 18.
- the light source 10 irradiates a solution to be measured with measurement light having a predetermined wavelength, and the wavelength is 280 nm and 800 nm.
- the light source 10 may be a monochromatic light source or a light source combining a plurality of light sources.
- the light emission of the light source 10 may be continued for a predetermined time or may be lighted in an arbitrary pattern. Further, a plurality of light sources having the same or different wavelength characteristics may emit light sequentially, or a plurality of light sources may emit light simultaneously.
- the first measuring unit 12 measures the absorbance of the solution or the amount of scattered light with respect to the measurement light, and detects the transmitted light or the scattered light of the measurement light applied to the solution. And an absorbance or scattered light amount calculator 12b that calculates the absorbance or the amount of scattered light based on the signal detected and output by the first optical sensor 12a.
- the second measurement unit 14 measures the amount of delayed fluorescence generated from the photosynthetic sample (details will be described later) due to the irradiation of the measurement light, and a second optical sensor that detects the delayed fluorescence. 14a and the delayed fluorescent light based on the signal detected and output by the second optical sensor 14a. And a delayed fluorescence amount calculator 14b for calculating the amount.
- delayed fluorescence is generated as follows. In other words, in a biological reaction having a photosynthetic function, light energy absorbed by an assimilating dye (photosynthetic pigment) is transmitted as chemical energy through the electron transfer pathway during the biological reaction.
- delayed fluorescence is sometimes referred to as delayed emission, and is hereinafter collectively referred to as delayed fluorescence.
- the light source 10, the first measurement unit 12, and the second measurement unit 14 are housed in a housing 20 having a light shielding property.
- the housing 20 itself may be formed of a light-blocking member that blocks light, or may be formed of a member coated with a paint or the like that blocks light.
- the housing 20 has a main body 22 and a lid 24.
- the main body 22 has an inlet 26 formed at one end thereof.
- the inlet 26 is formed to allow the solution containing the photosynthetic sample to enter the housing 20, and is closed by the lid 24.
- an installation section 28 in which a container (not shown) containing a solution can be installed is provided near the middle between the light source 10 and the first measurement section 12.
- the installation section 28 has, for example, fixed claws for fixing the container, and the fixed claws are used to fix the container.
- a filter 30, a condensing optical system 32, and a shirt 34 are provided between the installation section 28 and the second measurement section 14 in the housing 20.
- the filter 30 is provided so as to be in contact with the inner wall surface of the housing 20, and transmits the delayed fluorescence.
- the focusing optical system 32 focuses weak delayed fluorescence.
- the shirt shirt 34 is openable and closable, and shuts off delayed fluorescence when closed.
- the analysis unit 16 is connected to the first measurement unit 12 and the second measurement unit 14 via the first cable 36, and has a calculation unit 38, a storage unit 40, and a display unit 42.
- the calculating unit 38 exists in the solution based on the absorbance or the amount of scattered light measured by the first measuring unit 12 and the amount of delayed fluorescence measured by the second measuring unit 14 according to a calculation method described later. To determine comparative values that correlate with hazardous substances.
- the storage unit 40 sequentially stores the comparison values obtained by the calculation unit 38.
- the display unit 42 displays or illustrates a plurality of comparison values sequentially stored in the storage unit 40.
- the control unit 18 is connected to the analysis unit 16 via the second cable 44.
- control unit 18 is connected to the first measurement unit 12 and the second measurement unit 14 via the second cable 44 and the first cable 36. Further, the control unit 18 transmits a control signal for controlling the opening and closing of the lid 24, the emission of light from the light source 10, the stop of emission, and the opening and closing of the shirt 34.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a method of evaluating a biological growth inhibiting factor as a harmful substance.
- This evaluation method is to evaluate the factors inhibiting the growth of living organisms in the aqueous solution to be tested.
- the biological growth inhibitory factor is a factor that exerts an adverse effect such as a growth inhibitory action or toxicity on a biological individual such as a bacterium, algae, daphnia and fish.
- Step S01 an aqueous solution sample to be tested and an adjustment solution are mixed in a container such as a cuvette.
- Examples of the aqueous solution sample include water directly collected from natural water sources such as lakes and marsh rivers and well water, water solutions containing extractable components obtained from solids such as soil and sludge by a general extraction method, and agricultural chemicals such as vegetables.
- An aqueous solution containing an extractable component obtained by a general extraction method from excretions such as tissue fluid, blood, milk, and manure collected from animals can be used.
- the aqueous solution sample may be used by previously separating or concentrating components having different properties such as a water-soluble substance and a hydrophobic substance by a fractionation treatment such as solvent extraction or solid phase extraction.
- the adjustment solution is a solution containing various salts for adjusting the salt concentration and pH of the aqueous solution sample.
- the aqueous sampler is an unknown aqueous solution, and its salt concentration, pH, and the like often vary. It is known that when the salt concentration and the pH are not in the appropriate ranges, the photosynthetic function of the photosynthetic sample is affected. Therefore, the adjustment solution is used to adjust the salt concentration and pH of the measurement solution.
- the distribution density of the photosynthetic sample in the measurement solution is uniform and non-biased, and that no precipitates or floating substances are generated during measurement.
- the adjustment solution contains a stabilizer for homogenizing the distribution density of the photosynthetic sample in the measurement solution so that no bias occurs.
- homogenization can be achieved by giving the measurement solution a certain degree of viscosity or making the specific gravity match that of photosynthetic sample.
- solute of the adjustment solution examples include mixed salts for adjusting the salt concentration and pH of the aqueous solution sample to conditions suitable for the photosynthetic sample, a stabilizer for uniforming the distribution density of the photosynthetic sample in the measurement solution, And minimum nutrients required for the photosynthetic reaction.
- a stabilizer contained in the adjustment solution it is possible to use a specific gravity adjusting agent necessary for spatial stabilization of the photosynthetic sample during measurement, a gelling agent (thickening agent), and the like. By using such a specific gravity adjuster, the specific gravity of the measurement solution is adjusted so as to substantially match the photosynthetic sample. Further, this stabilizer may be included in a photosynthetic sample described later instead of the adjusting solution.
- the photosynthetic sample is mixed with the aqueous solution sample adjusted by the adjustment solution in a container such as a cuvette, and is prepared as a test measurement solution (Step S02, preparation step).
- the photosynthetic sample in the test and measurement solution is mixed so as to have a uniform concentration.
- the photosynthetic sample has a photosynthetic function and is preferably a substance capable of emitting delayed fluorescence, such as algae or phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, plants and leaves, and / or the like.
- Examples include plant-derived cultured cells such as strips and calli, photosynthetic organelles and thylakoid membranes extracted from plants, and artificially synthesized membrane-protein complexes with photosynthetic-like functions.
- Spi li na is blue-green algae
- Selenastrum which is a green algae such a yellow algae Isochrysis also, Hourensou such force, such thylakoid membranes which are al extracted available.
- the test measurement solution prepared as described above is left under a predetermined light condition for a predetermined leaving time (Step S03, leaving step).
- the light conditions refer to the environmental conditions such as the wavelength and light amount of the light irradiated to the test and measurement solution when left unattended, and the wavelength and light amount of each component in the case of synthetic light. Then, as described below, the amount of delayed fluorescence emitted from the test measurement solution is measured, and the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence is measured (step S04, measurement step).
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the delayed fluorescence measurement device 1 when measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence. It is assumed that a container containing the test measurement solution is installed in the installation section 28 in the housing 20.
- the control unit 18 transmits a control signal for causing the light source 10 to emit light.
- the light source 10 emits light (step S401).
- the first measurement unit 12 measures the absorbance of the test measurement solution or the amount of scattered light (step S402).
- the first measurement unit 12 transmits information on the absorbance or the amount of scattered light to the calculation unit 38.
- the control unit 18 transmits a control signal for stopping the light source 10 from emitting light. Thereby, the light source 10 stops emitting light (step S403).
- the above-described measurement of the absorbance or the amount of scattered light may be performed at the time of preliminary light irradiation.
- the control unit 18 transmits a control signal for opening the shutter 34.
- the shirt 34 opens (step S404).
- the second measuring unit 14 measures the amount of delayed fluorescence (step S405).
- the second measuring unit 14 transmits information on a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence light at a predetermined measurement time to the calculating unit 38.
- the control unit 18 transmits a control signal for closing the shutter 34.
- the shirt 34 is closed (step S406).
- the standard sample and the adjustment solution are mixed in another container such as a cuvette under the same conditions as in step S01 (step S05).
- the standard sample is a solution known to be free of harmful substances such as biological growth inhibiting factors.
- water from which impurities such as sterilized distilled water and pure water and fungi have been removed is used.
- the photosynthetic sample is mixed with the standard sample prepared by the adjustment solution in a container such as a cuvette and used as a standard measurement solution. It is prepared (Step S06). Thereafter, the amount of delayed fluorescence of the standard measurement solution is measured in the same manner as in steps S03 to S04 (step S07 to step S08, the above is the second step).
- step S401 and S406 The above-described measurement of the amount of delayed fluorescence (steps S401 and S406) is repeated a plurality of times with a test measurement solution or a standard measurement solution to increase the measurement accuracy, and the average value is calculated. Even if you do it,
- the calculation unit 38 calculates the amount of the delayed fluorescence. Based on the temporal change, a comparative value correlating with the growth inhibiting factor is obtained (step S09).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence under standard measurement conditions.
- the standard measurement conditions are as follows. First, as photosynthesis sample, light intensity 50 / i mol / m 2 / s, a blue-green algae are grown in a general way in the red monochromatic light of a wavelength of 665 nm Spirulina platensis, as a standard sample, sterile distilled of 1.8ml Prepare water. Next, 0.6 ml of an adjusting solution containing a standard mixed salt for culture of cyanobacteria having a 4-fold concentration and a mixed salt for adjusting pH and salt concentration is added to the standard sample.
- the obtained delayed fluorescence decay curve shows a first peak (P1), which is the top of the attenuation curve that continues after the end of light irradiation. It has a second peak (P2) that appears around 25-35 seconds after the end of light irradiation. Also, the first peak (P1) and the second peak An inflection point (C1) appears near the PI between the peaks (P2).
- Pl, P2, and CI characteristic points show characteristic changes depending on the type of biological growth inhibiting factor. This characteristic point shift is caused by a change in the sensitivity of the photosynthetic sample to a biological growth inhibiting factor.
- the characteristic points are not limited to the above three points, and a minimum point between P1 and P2 or another inflection point in the delayed fluorescence decay curve can also be used.
- the calculating unit 38 detects a characteristic point in the delayed fluorescence decay curve of the test measurement solution and the standard measurement solution, and calculates an evaluation value for evaluating the characteristic point.
- the evaluation value the delayed fluorescence amount CP1 at P1, the delayed fluorescence amount CP2 at P2, and the elapsed time TP2 after the end of light irradiation at P2 are used.
- the evaluation value for evaluating the inflection point C1 the value of the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence of the test measurement solution and the standard measurement solution is used.
- the calculation unit 38 also corrects the amount of delayed fluorescence or the evaluation value based on the absorbance (or the amount of scattered light) of each measurement solution at the time of measurement.
- This correction is for correcting a measurement error caused by a difference in the concentration of the photosynthetic sample in the measurement solution.
- This measurement error is caused by a change in the light irradiation amount and the optical path due to the arrangement of the photosynthetic sample in the installation section 28 or the arrangement of the installation section 28 itself, especially when evaluating a very small change area of the photosynthesis sample.
- it is effective to use the cell density measured based on the absorbance (or the amount of scattered light).
- the density of the photosynthetic sample in the test measurement solution and the standard measurement solution is in a range of density having a proportional relationship with the amount of delayed fluorescence associated therewith. That is, when the density of the photosynthetic sample in the measurement solution is equal to or less than a certain value, the absorbance (or the amount of scattered light) and the amount of delayed fluorescence show a high correlation with the density of the photosynthetic sample.
- the upper limit of the density is appropriately set for each characteristic of photosynthetic sump-no-le.
- the graph (a) shows an example of the relationship between the absorbance at a wavelength of 665 nm (OD665) and the delayed fluorescence amount CP1
- the graph (b) shows the absorbance at a wavelength of 750nm (OD750) and the delayed fluorescence amount CP1.
- An example of the relationship is shown below.
- the calculation unit 38 calculates a comparison value for realizing the effect of the biological growth inhibiting factor in the aqueous solution sumpnole from the evaluation value.
- comparative values include VCP1, VCP2, and VTP2 values obtained from the ratio of CP1, CP2, and TP2 obtained from the test measurement solution and the standard measurement solution, and the values obtained from the test measurement solution and the standard measurement solution.
- the curve value obtained by taking the difference in the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence is used.
- CP1 is a delay from 0.1 seconds to 0.5 seconds after the end of light irradiation.
- the accumulated amount of fluorescent light [counts] and TP2 is the appearance of a second peak (or a similar inflection point).
- the elapsed time after the end of light irradiation [sec] CP2 is the time of appearance of the second peak (or a similar inflection point) ⁇ 0.5 second, the accumulated amount of delayed fluorescent light [counts], and the curve value is the first including C1.
- VCP1, VCP2, and VTP2 values are the standard measurement solutions for CP1, CP2, and TP2, respectively. It shall be calculated as the ratio of the test measurement solution to. A specific method of calculating these evaluation values and comparison values may be appropriately selected as needed.
- the density of the photosynthetic sample In order to detect a biological growth inhibiting factor with high sensitivity based on the comparison value calculated as described above, even if the density of the photosynthetic sample has a proportional relationship with the amount of delayed fluorescence described above, the density of the photosynthetic sample must be within the range. It is preferable that the photosynthetic sample has a sufficiently low density.
- FIG. 7 shows the change in VCP1 value with respect to the absorbance at a wavelength of 665 nm.
- This VCP1 value was obtained as a result of measurement of an aqueous solution sample containing DCMU at a concentration of O. lppb and a measurement solution obtained by mixing a photosynthetic sample Spirulina platensis.
- the absorbance and the amount of delayed fluorescence showed a high correlation at an absorbance of 0.5 or less.
- the correlation between the amount of delayed fluorescence and the density of the photosynthetic sample is maintained at around 0.5 absorbance. This reduces the amount of delayed fluorescence due to self-absorption. It can be seen that even in the range of the photosynthetic sample density which does not decline, the detection sensitivity of the biological growth inhibiting factor decreases when the photosynthetic sample density is relatively high.
- step S10 when the comparison value is obtained, storage section 40 stores the comparison value (step S10), and display section 42 displays the stored comparison value (step Sll).
- the display here is performed by, for example, displaying the stored comparison values in a graph. It is also preferable to display them side by side so that they can be compared with the comparative values of other aqueous solutions stored previously.
- the displayed comparison value is compared with the comparison value of a known substance to analyze and qualitatively / quantitatively determine the factors that inhibit the growth of living organisms in the aqueous solution Sampnolet (Step S12, the third step above). , Evaluation step). Details of the analysis and evaluation method in step S12 will be described later.
- the light conditions when the measurement solution is left in step S03 are preferably controlled to predetermined conditions in order to stably perform high-sensitivity measurement.
- the photosynthetic sample when the photosynthetic sample is moved from a light place to a place, the photosynthetic sample gradually adapts to its environment over time. It is more preferable to measure the delayed fluorescence after a predetermined time has elapsed after changing the light environment in which the photosynthetic sample is placed or changing the light environment in which the photosynthetic sample is placed.
- Fig. 8 shows an example of an evaluation value when the light intensity at the time of releasing the measurement solution is variously changed when Spimlina platensis is used as the photosynthetic sample.
- graph (a) shows CP1 when the light intensity is changed
- graph (b) shows CP2 when the light intensity is changed
- graph (c) shows the case when the light intensity is changed.
- CP1 changed to weak light that was larger than other light intensities.
- TP2 is larger than other light intensities.
- the delayed fluorescence emitted from the photosynthetic sample changes depending on the light intensity when left unattended, and as a result, the delayed fluorescence Measurement of attenuation curve ⁇ It is understood that it affects the evaluation result. For these reasons, controlling the light conditions when the measurement solution is left to stand to predetermined conditions is not sufficient in terms of reproducible and stable reproducibility of characteristic points such as the maximum point, the minimum point, and the inflection point in the delayed fluorescence decay curve. It is important for measurement and evaluation.
- a photosynthetic sample mixed with the measurement solution grown under predetermined culture conditions is preferable to use in order to obtain good reproducibility and measurement results.
- predetermined culture conditions are preferably under a constant light environment (for example, irradiation wavelength, irradiation intensity).
- Cultures grown with a monochromatic light source should be stored in the dark or at a predetermined light irradiation intensity (for example, light intensity of 1 ⁇ mol / m 2 / S ) at low temperature, and the culture conditions should be such that proliferation was suppressed. Is more preferred.
- Fig. 9 shows the evaluation values when the photosynthetic sample Spirulina platensis grown in different light environments was used.
- graph (a) shows CP1 when the culture conditions (light wavelength) were changed
- graph (b) shows CP2 when the light wavelength was changed
- graph (c) shows the change in light wavelength. This shows TP2 when it is caused to occur.
- the obtained evaluation value since the delayed fluorescence decay curve changes depending on the light environment, the obtained evaluation value also changes. For these reasons, it is important to grow photosynthetic sampnoles under specified culture conditions in order to perform standardized high-sensitivity measurements.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are graphs showing comparative values calculated for aqueous solution sampnoles containing atrazine at various concentrations.
- graph (a) is a graph showing a change in VCP1 value with respect to atrazine concentration
- graph (b) is a graph showing a change in VCP2 value with respect to atrazine concentration
- graph (c) is a graph showing change in atrazine concentration.
- 6 is a graph showing a change in VTP2 value.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the curve value when the atrazine concentration was changed.
- Atrazine was used as a hydrophobic herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis.However, at a concentration as low as about 20 xg / l, atrazine has an endocrine disrupting effect that causes teratogenic effects on potatoes, etc., and is subject to regulation. It is a chemical substance.
- the atrazine concentration indicated in the figure is The final concentration in the test measurement solution adjusted to a total of 3 ml.
- VCP1 value increases with the increase in the concentration of atrazine
- VCP2 decreases.
- VTP2 slightly decreases with increasing atrazine concentration.
- the curve value changes to a plus side around 1 second after excitation and to a minus side around 3-4 seconds after excitation as the concentration becomes higher.
- FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 are graphs showing comparison values calculated for aqueous solution samples containing DCMU (diurone) at various concentrations.
- graph (a) is a graph showing a change in VCP1 value with respect to DCMU concentration
- graph (b) is a graph showing a change in VCP2 value with respect to DCMU concentration
- graph (c) is a VTP2 value with respect to DCMU concentration.
- 6 is a graph showing the change of the graph.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing a curve value when the DCMU concentration is changed.
- DCMU (diuron) like atrazine, has been widely used as a herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis, but has been shown to have adverse effects on living organisms and is subject to regulation.
- the DCMU concentration shown in the figure is the concentration in the test measurement solution that was finally adjusted to a total of 3 ml.
- FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 are graphs showing comparative values calculated for aqueous solution samples containing paraquat at various concentrations.
- graph (a) is a graph showing a change in VCP1 value with respect to paraquat concentration
- graph (b) is a graph showing a change in VCP2 value with respect to paraquat concentration
- graph (c) is a graph showing VTP2 value with respect to nocot concentration.
- 6 is a graph showing the change of the graph.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the curve value when the paraquat concentration was changed. Paraquat is said to disturb the electron transfer of biological reactions or to generate reactive oxygen after it is taken into cells, causing damage to the cells, and is used as a herbicide.
- the concentration of paraquat shown in the figure is 3 ml Is the concentration in the test measurement solution adjusted to.
- the VCP2 value and the VTP2 value decrease as the paraquat concentration increases, but the decrease becomes slow at a high concentration. Also, as the concentration of paraquat increases, the VCP1 value decreases slightly at low concentrations. In addition, from FIG. 15, it was found that the curve value changed to a negative side at around 114 seconds after excitation as the concentration became higher.
- FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are graphs showing comparative values calculated for aqueous solution samples containing various concentrations of inorganic mercury.
- graph (a) is a graph showing a change in VCP1 value with respect to the concentration of inorganic mercury
- graph (b) is a graph showing a change in VCP2 value with respect to the concentration of inorganic mercury
- graph (c) is a graph showing a change in the concentration of inorganic mercury.
- 6 is a graph showing a change in VTP2 value.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing Curve values when the concentration of inorganic mercury is changed.
- Inorganic mercury is a substance that is toxic not only to photosynthetic samples but also to general cells.
- the inorganic mercury concentration shown in the figure is the concentration in terms of mercury ion concentration in the test measurement solution prepared as a mercury chloride solution and finally adjusted to a total of 3 ml.
- VTP2 value increases as the inorganic mercury concentration increases
- VCP2 value decreases.
- the VCP1 value does not change much at low concentrations, but increases at high concentrations.
- the time distribution of the curve value changes to the positive side around the elapsed time of 12 seconds as the concentration becomes higher.
- FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 are graphs showing comparison values calculated for aqueous solution samples containing free cyanide at various concentrations.
- the graph (a) shows the change in the VCP1 value with respect to the free cyan concentration
- the graph (b) shows the change in the VCP2 value with respect to the free cyan concentration
- the graph (c) shows the change with the free cyan concentration.
- 6 is a graph showing a change in VTP2 value
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing a curve value when the free cyan concentration is changed.
- Free cyanide is toxic to general cells as well as photosynthetic samples.
- the concentration of free cyan shown in the figure is the concentration in terms of cyanide ion in the test measurement solution, which was adjusted as a potassium cyanide solution and finally adjusted to a total of 3 ml.
- the VTP2 value and the VCP2 value hardly change at a low concentration, but decrease at a high concentration, as the free cyanide concentration increases.
- the VCP1 value hardly changes as the organic cyanide concentration increases. From Fig. 19, it was found that the curve value changed to the positive side as the concentration became higher, and the change was concentrated around 24 seconds after excitation.
- FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are graphs showing comparison values calculated for an aqueous solution sample containing various concentrations of TPN.
- graph (a) is a graph showing a change in VCP1 value with respect to TPN concentration
- graph (b) is a graph showing a change in VCP2 value with respect to TPN concentration
- graph (c) is a VTP2 value with respect to TPN concentration.
- 5 is a graph showing a change in the graph.
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing a curve value when the TPN concentration is changed.
- TPN is a component contained in pesticides that exhibit bactericidal action, and is a chemical substance that acts on respiratory metabolism, not photosynthesis, and inactivates enzymes related to ATP production, which is the energy of cells.
- the TPN concentration shown in the figure is the TPN concentration equivalent in the test measurement solution adjusted to a total of 3 ml using a diluted fungicide containing only TPN as the main agent. .
- FIG. 21 shows that as the concentration increases, the curve value changes to a positive value around 1 second after excitation, and changes to a negative value around 3-5 seconds after excitation.
- TPN is a major fungicide that is regulated for pesticide residues in vegetables, and its regulated concentration is lppm.
- the spray concentration of major commercial fungicides, mainly TPN, is 400 ppm.
- the detection sensitivity of this method can be detected at a concentration of about 1 / 10,000 of the spray concentration, indicating that TPN below the regulatory standard can be sufficiently detected by obtaining an aqueous solution sample from the vegetable surface.
- the comparative values in which the main changes appear in the comparative values used in the present embodiment are, for example, VCP1 value for DCMU, VCP2 value and VTP2 value for inorganic mercury. I have.
- the comparison values that change in the delayed fluorescence decay curve simultaneously include different growth inhibiting factors the change in the overall comparison value appears additively.
- Fig. 22 shows the test and measurement solution "DCMU” containing DCMU as a biological growth inhibitor at a concentration of O. lppb, and the test and measurement solution "Hg2 +" containing mercury ions at a concentration of 20ppb as a biological growth inhibitor.
- DCMU + Hg '' the test measurement solution ⁇ DCMU + Hg '' containing DCMU at a concentration of O. lppb and mercury ions at a concentration of 20 ppb, respectively, and show the comparative values VCP1, VCP2, and VTP2 values. .
- graph (a) is a graph showing the VCP1 value of each test measurement solution
- graph (b) is a graph showing the VCP2 value of each test measurement solution
- graph (c) is a VTP2 value of each test measurement solution. It is a graph which shows a value.
- the evaluation value at which the main change appears is 116.0 in the case of "DCMU", which is the VCP1 value, and in the case of "DCMU + Hg” containing DCMU and mercury ions. , 129.6, and “Hg2 +” containing only mercury ions are 104.1, indicating that the change in VCP1 value is large when DCMU is included.
- the VCP2 value is 59.9 in the comparative value force SVCP2 value “Hg2 +” where the main change appears.
- the main change in the comparative value used in the present embodiment is Are both VCP1 values.
- the comparison values that change in the delayed fluorescence decay curve simultaneously include the same biological growth inhibition factor the change in the overall comparison value appears additively.
- Figure 23 shows the test and measurement solution “Atrazine” containing atrazine as a biological growth inhibitor at a concentration of 0.2 ppb, and the test and measurement solution “DCMU” containing DCMU as a biological growth inhibitor at a concentration of O. lppb. And the comparison values VCP1, VCP2, and VTP2 obtained from the test measurement solution “Atrazine + DCMU” containing DCMU at a concentration of O. lppb and atrazine at a concentration of 0.2 ppb.
- VCP1, VCP2, and VTP2 obtained from the test measurement solution “Atrazine + DCMU” containing DCMU at a concentration of O. lppb and atrazine at a concentration of 0.2 ppb.
- graph (a) is a graph showing the VCP1 value of each test measurement solution
- graph (b) is a graph showing the VCP2 value of each test measurement solution
- graph (c) is a graph showing the VCP1 value of each test measurement solution.
- 5 is a graph showing VTP2 values.
- the VCP1 value is 106.4 for "Atrazine", 125.6 for “DCMU”, and 132.2 for “Atrazine + DCMUJ", and includes both atrazine and DCMU.
- VCP1 is additively increased
- the VCP2 value is 90.0 for “Atrazine”, 84.6 for “DCMU”, and “Atrazine” as shown in graph (b) of FIG. + DCMU "is 86.0, indicating no significant change.
- the VTP2 value was 100.0 for "Atrazine", 101.5 for "DCMU”, and 100.0 for "Atrazine + DCMU", and no significant change was seen. You can see.
- kits for evaluating a factor inhibiting biological growth In order to easily carry out the above-described method for evaluating a biological growth inhibition factor, a kit for evaluating a biological growth inhibition factor can be used.
- the kit for evaluating factors inhibiting biological growth consists of a concentrated photosynthetic sample mixed with an aqueous solution sample or a standard sample, and an aqueous sample mixed with the photosynthetic sample or an aqueous sample or a standard sample to adjust the salt concentration and pH. And a mixing solution that separates and mixes the photosynthetic sample and the adjustment solution into an aqueous solution sample.
- the concentrated photosynthetic sample and / or the adjusted solution contain a stabilizing agent necessary for spatial stabilization of the photosynthetic sample.
- a stabilizer that does not adversely affect the photosynthetic sample in the concentrated state is used.
- a stabilizing agent that does not inhibit the action on the photosynthetic sample, such as adsorption or decomposition, against factors inhibiting growth in the aqueous solution sample is preferably used.
- the stabilizer include polysaccharides such as agarose, and high molecular polymers.
- a collection container having an arbitrary shape can be used as long as the photosynthetic sample and the adjustment solution can be separated and mixed into an aqueous solution sample in a collection container. Can be used.
- Fig. 24 is a diagram showing a procedure for measuring delayed fluorescence using such a kit for evaluating factors inhibiting biological growth.
- a predetermined amount of an aqueous solution sample 52 is collected in a predetermined liquid collection container 50, and thereafter, an adjustment solution 54 is mixed so that the salt concentration and the pH are in predetermined ranges.
- the concentrated photosynthetic sample 56 is mixed with the sampling container 50.
- the test measurement solution 58 prepared in the collection container 50 is left to stand, and then the collection container 50 is stored in the delayed fluorescence measurement device 1 to measure the amount of delayed fluorescence.
- the liquid collecting container it is also preferable to use a container such as an injection cylinder or a dropper from which a predetermined amount of aqueous solution sample can be collected by suction or the like. It is also preferable that the adjusted solution containing the stabilizing agent in one or both of them and the concentrated photosynthetic sample are housed in the collection container in a separated state. In this case, when collecting the aqueous solution sample Since the adjustment solution, photosynthetic sample, and stabilizer can be mixed in one behavior, measurement can be performed more easily.
- the adjusted solution and the concentrated photosynthetic sample are held at a position where they are mixed with the adjusted solution first and then mixed with the concentrated photosynthetic sample. Is more preferred.
- the effect on the photosynthetic sample can be reduced by mixing the photosynthetic sample after adjustment with the adjustment solution.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a procedure for measuring delayed fluorescence using a dropper-type kit for evaluating factors inhibiting biological growth.
- a dropper-type sampling container 60 contains an adjustment solution 54 and a concentrated photosynthetic sample 56 which are vertically separated from each other.
- the sampling container 60 itself is provided with a separating means such as a wall or a solution pocket.
- the preparation solution and the concentrated photosynthetic sample no.
- each or one of the solutions may have high viscosity.
- the aqueous solution sample 52 is sucked and collected up to the position where the adjustment solution 54 is stored, and the aqueous solution sample and the adjustment solution 54 are mixed. Thereafter, the aqueous solution sample 52 is sucked and collected in the sampling container 60 until a predetermined amount is reached, and mixed with the concentrated photosynthetic sample 56. After leaving the test measurement solution prepared in the sampling container 60 in this way, the sampling container 60 is housed in the delayed fluorescence measuring device 1 and the amount of delayed fluorescence is measured.
- the photosynthetic sample and the adjusted solution containing a high concentration of salts are separately mixed with the aqueous sample, so that the photosynthetic sample of the salts is In this way, it is possible to prevent the death and damage of the photosynthetic sump nore due to the osmotic pressure difference and the like.
- a solution mixed with an aqueous solution sample to be evaluated is mixed.
- the decay curve of the delayed fluorescence emitted from the photosynthetic sample and the decay curve of the delayed fluorescence emitted from the photosynthetic sample in the solution without the requirement for inhibiting the growth of the organism are measured.
- characteristic points such as peaks and inflection points are evaluated from the respective attenuation curves, and by comparing the two, the influence of the biological growth inhibition factor on the photosynthetic sample is evaluated.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
- the light condition when the measurement solution is left to stand is controlled to a predetermined condition.
- the comparison value may be evaluated by changing the light conditions variously for each measurement of the measurement solution.
- FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the method for evaluating the factors inhibiting biological growth in this case.
- a test measurement solution and a standard measurement solution are prepared in the same manner as in step S01, step S02, step S05, and step S06 (step S21—step S22).
- Step S26 Step S27).
- the light conditions for the first leaving are set (step S23, step S28).
- the test measurement solution and the standard measurement solution are allowed to stand for a predetermined leaving time under the set light conditions (steps S24 and S29).
- a comparison value is calculated from the amount of delayed fluorescence measured in the same manner as in steps S04 and S08 to S12 in FIG.
- step S25, step S30 to step S34 the comparison value is evaluated (step S25, step S30 to step S34).
- the process returns to step S23 and step S28, and after changing the light condition set last time, the comparison value is calculated again, and the evaluation of the change of the comparison value according to the light condition is repeatedly performed.
- the measurement solution may be newly prepared for each light condition.
- FIG. 27 is a graph showing an example of a comparison value calculated by variously changing the light condition when left unattended.
- the graph (a) shows the comparison values for TPN for various light conditions
- Panel (b) is a graph showing comparative values for inorganic mercury under various light conditions.
- the light conditions at the time of standing were such that the irradiation light to the measurement solution was changed to three types of white fluorescent lamp, green monochromatic light (wavelength 530 nm), and red monochromatic light (wavelength 665 nm), and the light intensity of each irradiation light was changed.
- VCP1, VCP2, and VTP2 values were calculated as comparison values.
- the VTP2 value is 122 when the light condition when left is “white light”, 89 when “green light”, and “red light” In the case of 118, it becomes.
- the VCP2 value is 47 when the light condition when left unattended is “white light”, 78 when “green light”, and 44 when “red light”.
- the VCP1 value is 144 when the light conditions when left unattended are “white light”, 112 when “green light”, and 171 when “red light”.
- the VTP2 value is 117 when the white light condition is “white light”, 113 when “green light”, and 114 for red light.
- the VCP2 value is 77 when the light condition when left unattended is “white light”, 78 when “green light”, and 77 when “red light”.
- the VCP1 value is 103 when the light condition when left unattended is “white light”, 96 when “green light”, and 98 when “red light”. Therefore, in the case of inorganic mercury, it can be seen that there is no significant difference in the change rate of the evaluation values of CPU CP2 and TP2 depending on the light conditions when left unattended.
- the action of the biological growth inhibitory factor in the aqueous solution sample changes depending on the light conditions under standing conditions. This change differs for each biological growth inhibitory factor, and the effect is affected under specific light wavelength conditions. There are factors that increase, and there are factors that inhibit the growth of living organisms that are not affected by light conditions.
- the test measurement solution obtained from the same aqueous sample is placed under different light conditions, and the measurement results are compared.
- Information on the qualitative factors of biological growth inhibition can be obtained. For example, as shown in FIG. 27 (a), in the case of TPN, changes in VCP1, VCP2, and VTP2 in green light are smaller than those in white light and red light. Focusing on this fact, it is possible to discriminate it from other growth-inhibiting factors.
- FIG. 28 shows the calculation result of the comparison value in the present example.
- graph (a) shows VCP1 values calculated for well water and lake water
- graph (b) shows VCP2 values calculated similarly
- graph (c) shows VTP2 values calculated similarly.
- VCP1 value increased to 137.1%.
- the well water at the same site was sampled four times in 12 days and measured. As a result, a VCP1 value of about 120-140% was obtained in almost the same manner.
- Comparative values were calculated in the same manner as in Example 1 under standard measurement conditions for the aqueous solution containing the well water and distilled water and the O. lppb concentration of DCMU in Example 1 as the aqueous solution samples to be evaluated.
- DCMU is one of the known hydrophobic organic herbicides, and is similar to the well water in Example 1 in the characteristics of the change in the evaluation value.
- each of aqueous solutions of well water, distilled water, and DCMU was subjected to adsorption treatment, and the VCP1 value was calculated for the adsorption-treated water solution.
- activated carbon washed with high-density filter filtered water (water filtered by Millipore Mili-Q) and dried was used. Then, 0.8 g of activated carbon was added to 5 ml of each of distilled water, well water, and O. lppb concentration DCMU aqueous solution, and then slowly permeated for 1 hour. Each of the three solutions was filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m filter, and the amount of delayed fluorescence was measured for the obtained solutions.
- FIG. 29 shows the result of calculating the VCP1 value in this example.
- the VCP1 value calculated for distilled water, well water, and DCMU aqueous solution sump The VCPl value calculated for each of the obtained aqueous solution samples is shown.
- the VCP1 value was 117.1 for “well water” and 120.9 for “DCMU” compared to the result obtained from distilled water, and the change in CP1 obtained from well water was the O. lppb concentration. The result was almost the same as the change at DCMU.
- the VCP1 value of distilled water "distilled water (after adsorption)" after the activated carbon adsorption treatment was 99.7 with respect to the VCP1 value of distilled water "distilled water” before adsorption of 100, which was 99.7. It was evaluated that there was almost no effect on change.
- the respective VCP1 values after activated carbon adsorption treatment were 95.5 in “Well water (after adsorption)” and 95.5 in “DCMU (after adsorption)”. 96.3, which is equivalent to “distilled water” and “distilled water (after adsorption)”. Based on these results, it was evaluated that this well water contains substances similar to hydrophobic organic substances such as DCMU.
- the method for evaluating harmful substances and the kit for evaluating harmful substances according to the present invention can be variously modified without being limited to the above-described embodiments and examples.
- the photosynthetic sampler mixed with the aqueous solution sampler generally, as described above, those having a photosynthetic function and capable of emitting delayed fluorescence may be used.
- a photosynthetic sample it is preferable to use a photosynthetic sample having at least one force selected from the group consisting of salt-resistant algae, alkali-resistant algae, and acid-resistant algae.
- the salt-tolerant alga refers to an algae that can grow in a highly salty environment such as salt water or seawater.
- Alkali-resistant algae and acid-resistant algae refer to algae that can grow in extreme pH environments. Examples of such photosynthetic sampnoles include Spirulina.
- spirulina As photosynthetic sampnoles, spirulina (Spirulina), donariella (Dunaliella) known as salt-tolerant algae, spirulina (Spirulina) having alkali resistance, euglena (Euglena) having acid resistance, and other marine and When using algae that can withstand a high salt environment or an alkaline (high pH) or acidic (low pH) environment, such as algae that inhabit salt water lakes, freshwater samples with lower salt concentrations than those suitable for those algae The following advantages are obtained when measuring such factors as compared to the case where freshwater algae are used.
- Spiruli an algae that can withstand high salt and alkaline environments
- Spirulina is a cyanobacterium that inhabits both salty lakes, which have a high salinity environment, and freshwater lakes, which have a low salinity environment.
- SOT medium high-salt medium
- MA medium low-salt medium
- aqueous solution samples are collected from various environments such as rivers, lakes and marshes, groundwater, and soil extraction water. For this reason, the salt concentration of the sample is not uniform, and as a result, important factors such as pH may not be uniform as an algal growth environment.
- a method is possible in which the adjusted solution is mixed with the aqueous sample to be tested, the salt concentration and pH are adjusted, and then mixed with the photosynthetic sample. In this case, by adjusting the aqueous solution sample as a high-salt medium, pH and the like can be adjusted more easily than in the case of a low-salt medium.
- Fig. 30 is a table showing an adjustment example when an aqueous solution sample is adjusted using a high salt medium and a low salt medium.
- lake water, well water, tap water, and distilled water are used as aqueous solution samples.
- the pH of the raw water itself is 7.44 for lake water, 6.03 for well water, 7.07 for tap water, and 5.46 for distilled water, with a standard deviation of 0. It was 91.
- a high-salinity medium adjusted to a high salt concentration for a freshwater environment is more likely to improve the fluctuation of the salt concentration in the raw water than a low-salt medium.
- algae that can withstand a high salt concentration alkaline or acidic environment such as algae that inhabit the ocean or saline lake, are used as the photosynthetic sampnore, they are suitable for those algae.
- the solution to be measured for delayed fluorescence is made uniform before measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence.
- the photosynthetic sample in the measurement solution precipitates and floats with the passage of time, the density of the photosynthetic sample in the visual field of the photodetector changes, and the measured value of the amount of emitted light changes.
- the measurement accuracy may be reduced due to leaving for a predetermined time or elapse of time during measurement.
- by making the solution uniform it is possible to evaluate harmful substances with few errors.
- the evaluation kit used for evaluating harmful substances preferably includes a stabilizer for making the distribution density of the photosynthetic sample uniform.
- a stabilizer for example, as described above, a specific gravity adjuster, a thickener (eg, a gelling agent) and the like can be used.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing the change in the amount of delayed fluorescence with respect to the standing time under the conditions of no solution homogenization and addition of a thickener.
- a blue-green alga Spirulina platensis was used as a photosynthetic sample, and the amount of delayed fluorescence was measured by changing the standing time under the same conditions as the standard measurement conditions described above with reference to FIG.
- such a thickener is added under the condition that the measurement of luminescence from the photosynthetic sample is not hindered or disturbed, and the weak luminescence can be measured.
- a thickener that does not have fluorescence or phosphorescence, is transparent, and does not absorb the light emitted from the photosynthetic sample at a concentration that allows the photosynthetic sample to be uniform.
- thickeners include agar agarose and methyl cellulose solution at low concentrations.
- Means for homogenizing the photosynthetic sample prior to measurement include, in addition to the addition of a thickener, the prevention of sedimentation and floating of the photosynthetic sample in the measurement solution by a fine mesh or lattice structure, or It is also possible to maintain the uniformity by stirring from above.
- the photosynthetic sample used for the measurement uses biological cells or organelles, membrane protein complexes, etc.
- the decrease may cause a quantitative change.
- Examples of the method for evaluating the photosynthetic sample described above include the following methods (1)-(3). (1) Evaluate whether the density of photosynthetic sample is within the range of density that is proportional to the amount of delayed fluorescence. Such evaluation can be performed, for example, using a calibration curve created based on the density of the photosynthetic sample and the amount of delayed fluorescence. (2) Evaluate whether the amount of delayed fluorescence with respect to the density of the photosynthetic sample has changed compared to the model data serving as the evaluation standard.
- the difference of the light quantity of the model data with respect to the temporal change, the light quantity of the characteristic point and the time at which the characteristic point appears in the temporal change of the light quantity of the delayed fluorescence, or the inclination of the light quantity change between the two characteristic points can be performed by using the inclination of the light amount change in a specific time range.
- data such as the absorbance of the photosynthetic sample, the amount of light scattering, the amount of delayed fluorescence, and its temporal change are used as exemplary data.
- data stored in a rough measurement device or an analyzer or data recorded at the time of adjusting a photosynthetic sample can be used.
- the measurement results using the standard measurement solution can be estimated from the results. In such a case, the data to be used is the same as above.
- the density of the photosynthetic sample has a proportional relationship with the amount of the delayed fluorescence according to the evaluation method (1) described above. If the density is within the range, in each measurement result using photosynthetic samples with different densities, the amount of delayed fluorescence can be normalized by the density of the photosynthetic sample and compared. As a standardization method in such a case, for example, there is a method of dividing the amount of delayed fluorescence by the density of the photosynthetic sample.
- a photosynthetic sample is mixed with an aqueous solution sample to prepare a test measurement solution, the test measurement solution is left for a predetermined standing time, and the test measurement solution is irradiated with light for a predetermined irradiation time.
- the first step of measuring the amount of delayed fluorescent light generated and (2) a standard sample containing no harmful substances mixed with photosynthetic sample A second step of preparing a quasi-measurement solution, leaving the standard measurement solution for a predetermined standing time, irradiating the standard measurement solution with light for a predetermined irradiation time, and measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence generated, and 3) Evaluate harmful substances present in the aqueous solution sample by calculating evaluation values based on the amounts of delayed fluorescence measured in the first and second steps, respectively, and calculating comparison values of the evaluation values. It describes a method for evaluating hazardous substances that includes a third step.
- Such a method for evaluating a harmful substance generally includes (1) preparing a test measurement solution by mixing a photosynthetic sample with an aqueous solution sample, and allowing the test measurement solution to stand for a predetermined period of time.
- the third step is to evaluate the harmful substances present in the aqueous solution sample by calculating the evaluation value based on the amount of the delayed fluorescence obtained in step 2 and calculating the comparison value of the evaluation values.
- the evaluation value is the elapsed time at the characteristic point of the temporal change in the amount of light of the delayed fluorescence obtained in the first step and the second step. Is preferred.
- the evaluation value is a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained in the first step and the second step, and the comparison value is preferably a value obtained by taking a difference between the temporal changes. ,.
- the comparative sample and the comparative measurement result used in the second step were determined using various samples.
- a standard sample solution to be compared is used as a comparative sample
- a photosynthetic sample sample is mixed with the standard sample to prepare a standard measurement solution that is a comparative measurement solution
- the standard measurement solution is subjected to a predetermined process.
- a method in which the standard measurement solution is allowed to stand for a predetermined irradiation time and then irradiated with light for a predetermined irradiation time, and then the amount of delayed fluorescence generated is measured to obtain a comparative measurement result.
- aqueous measurement sample is used as a comparative sample, and the measurement obtained for another test measurement solution that is a comparative measurement solution prepared by mixing a photosynthetic sample with an aqueous solution sample.
- a method that prepares the results as comparative measurement results can be used. In this case, for example, the previous measurement result can be used as the comparison measurement result.
- a method of preparing the comparative measurement result by measuring the amount of delayed fluorescence light for the comparative measurement solution can be used.
- a method of preparing a measurement result obtained in advance for a comparative measurement solution as a comparative measurement result may be used.
- the comparison measurement result obtained in advance is stored in a memory or the like, and the data is read and used as needed.
- a continuous evaluation method (monitoring method) of harmful substances using the method according to the present invention will be described. Using such an evaluation method, it is possible to continuously measure aqueous solution samples such as rivers and groundwater, and to monitor changes in harmfulness.
- FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a method for continuously evaluating harmful substances.
- this evaluation method as the first measurement, measurement of a standard measurement solution and measurement of a test measurement solution using water collected from river J11 or the like as an aqueous solution sample are performed in accordance with the usual procedure. Then, by comparing those results, harmful substances contained in river water are evaluated. At this time, record the measurement result Cl of the standard measurement solution, the measurement result SI of the test measurement solution, and the evaluation result D1 of the harm of the aqueous sample corresponding to the comparison result.
- FIG. 33 is a schematic view showing another example of a method for continuously evaluating harmful substances.
- the first measurement is performed in the same procedure as above, and the measurement result Cl of the standard measurement solution and the measurement result SI of the test measurement solution are recorded.
- the harmfulness evaluation result D1 of the aqueous solution sample corresponding to the comparison result is also recorded as necessary.
- the change in the photosynthetic sample is a quantitative change such as a change in the density of the photosynthetic sample due to degradation, decomposition, death, or proliferation of the photosynthetic sample, or the elapsed time at a characteristic point of the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence. And qualitative changes such as changes in the amount of delayed fluorescence. For such changes in photosynthetic samples, measurement of the amount of delayed fluorescence and measurement of the cell density of the photosynthetic sample were performed. After implementation, the following corrections can be made.
- the cell density of the sample is measured together with the amount of delayed fluorescence from the measurement solution.
- the cell density of the sample is measured together with the amount of delayed fluorescence from the measurement solution.
- the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence in the photosynthetic sample used for measurement If it is determined in advance that the feature point is within the allowable range compared to the model data, the correction can be performed based on the positional relationship between those feature points and the like.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an example of a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence, in which the graph ( a ) shows the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained in the first measurement, and the graph (b) shows the time variation. It shows the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained by the measurement.
- the evaluation values and comparative values used for evaluating harmful substances As an example, a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence acquired in the first step and the second step may be used as an evaluation value, and a value obtained by taking a difference between the temporal changes may be used as a comparison value.
- a comparative value is, for example, a curve value obtained by taking a difference in a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained from the test measurement solution and the standard measurement solution.
- various analysis methods can be used according to specific measurement results obtained for the test measurement solution and the standard measurement solution.
- a curve value can be obtained for the whole or a predetermined range, and the curve value can be used as a comparison value for evaluation.
- the curve value at each measurement point n is represented by (light emission amount of test measurement solution at measurement point n) ⁇ (light emission amount of standard measurement solution at measurement point n). Is required.
- the delayed fluorescence emitted from the photosynthetic sample has a large amount of light emission in a time region where the time after excitation is early, and a small amount of light emission due to attenuation in a time region after the excitation. For this reason, if the time range in which the curve value is calculated is different, the magnitude of the difference in the light emission amount is different, and it may be difficult to evaluate the change in the different time range.
- the curve value which is a value obtained by taking the difference in the temporal change of the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained for the test measurement solution and the standard measurement solution, is further added to the test measurement solution or
- the ratio of the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained for the standard measurement solution (preferably, the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained for the standard measurement solution) to the standardized VCurve value is compared. It is effective to use it as a comparison value. This facilitates evaluating changes in different time zones.
- the VCurve value at each measurement point n is obtained by (Curve value at measurement point n) / (light emission amount of standard measurement solution at measurement point n) ⁇ 100.
- the VCmve value described above When the VCurve value described above is applied to a delayed fluorescence decay curve having a feature point, the VCmve value may be obtained by focusing on between feature points or between a measurement start point and a feature point. Alternatively, the VCurve value may be obtained for the whole or a predetermined range without considering the feature points.
- a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence obtained in the first step or the second step has a feature point.
- step 3 a method of evaluating a harmful substance using a value obtained by taking a difference in a temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescence in a predetermined range between one feature point and a measurement start point or another feature point as a comparison value Can be used. If there is no characteristic point in the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescent light, a value obtained by taking the difference in the temporal change in the amount of delayed fluorescent light over the whole or a predetermined range can be used as the comparison value.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing an example of a method of calculating a curve value when a characteristic point exists in a delayed fluorescence decay curve.
- the positions of the feature points may differ in those decay curves.
- the calculation range of the curve value is the time range ⁇ b '' from the measurement start point to the appearance point of the minimum value in the standard measurement solution, and the time range from the measurement start point to the appearance point of the minimum value in the test measurement solution. It is preferable to compare “c” and select a time range “c” that is a time range common to both.
- the graph (c) in Fig. 35 shows a case where the minimum point in the delayed fluorescence decay curve of the test measurement solution appears later than the minimum point in the standard measurement solution.
- the calculation range of the curve value is the time range ⁇ d '' from the measurement start point to the appearance point of the minimum value in the standard measurement solution, and the time range from the measurement start point to the appearance point of the minimum value in the test measurement solution. It is preferable to compare “e” and select a time range “d” that is a time range common to both.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing an example of a method of calculating a curve value when no characteristic point exists in the delayed fluorescence decay curve.
- a photosynthetic sample Selenastmm, a green algae grown by a general method under a white fluorescent lamp with a light intensity of 50 ⁇ mol / m 2 / s
- the delayed fluorescence decay curve of the standard measurement solution using capricornutum is shown.
- the sample was prepared in the same manner as for Spirulina platensis.
- no clear feature point appears in the delayed fluorescence decay curve. In such a case, evaluation using the curve value is effective because evaluation cannot be performed by focusing on the feature points.
- Fig. 37 shows the results when (a) simazine concentration and (b) dichlorophenol concentration were changed.
- FIG. 37 It is a graph which shows Curve value.
- the graph (a) in Fig. 37 shows the measurement results of a test measurement solution that was exposed to simazine, a kind of herbicide, at a concentration of 25, 50, and 100 ppb, and the measurement results of a standard measurement solution. Curve values calculated for a time range of 0.1 second to 50 seconds after excitation are shown.
- Graph (b) shows the time between excitation 0.1 seconds and 50 seconds from the measurement results of the test measurement solution to which dichlorophenol was exposed at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 ppm and the measurement results of the standard measurement solution. The Curve value calculated for the area is shown.
- Figure 38 shows the results when (a) simazine concentration and (b) dichlorophenol concentration were changed.
- FIG. 38 It is a graph which shows VCurve value.
- the graph (a) in Fig. 38 shows that the time after excitation was 0.1 sec. 1 based on the measurement results of the test measurement solution exposed to simazine at a concentration of 25, 50, and 100 ppb, and the measurement results of the standard measurement solution. It shows the VCurve value calculated for the time range of 50 seconds.
- Graph (b) shows the measured time of 0.1 seconds to 50 seconds after excitation based on the measurement results of the test measurement solution to which dichlorophenol was exposed at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 ppm and the measurement results of the standard measurement solution. It shows the VCurve value calculated for the time domain.
- the Curve value corresponding to the difference in temporal change is standardized as a ratio with the light emission amount of the standard measurement sample. .
- a method for evaluating a harmful substance including such an acclimation step is a method for evaluating a harmful substance present in an aqueous sample of an aqueous sample to be tested.
- an acclimation step including any one of a preliminary irradiation step of performing standby in the dark for a long time.
- a plurality of harmful substances can be simultaneously and simultaneously obtained from the characteristics obtained in the temporal change of the amount of delayed fluorescence emitted from the photosynthetic sample mixed with the aqueous solution sample to be evaluated. It can be qualitatively and quantitatively accurately.
- measurement time can be shortened as a whole.
- the predetermined standby time in the dark standby step is preferably 30 seconds or more and 1 hour or less.
- the ratio of the time of preliminary light irradiation and the time of standby in the dark in the preliminary irradiation step is equal to the ratio of the time of light irradiation and the time of standby in the dark in the measurement step.
- Delayed fluorescence used in the evaluation of harmful substances is a phenomenon in which light energy absorbed in a photosynthetic sample is released again after being distributed to various chemical reactions.
- FIG. 39 is a graph showing a change in CP1 depending on the number of times of measurement of delayed fluorescence.
- a standard measurement solution left for 15 minutes under white fluorescent light of 5 x mol / m 2 / S in terms of photosynthetically effective radiation was irradiated with 665 nm, 0.8 mW m 2 light for 2 seconds as measurement conditions. Later, the amount of delayed fluorescence is measured for 60 seconds in (1). This measurement is performed five times in succession, and the CP1 value is calculated for each.
- a CP1 value of 15217 was obtained in the first measurement, 11693 in the second measurement, 10098 in the third measurement, 9690 in the fourth measurement, and 9627 in the fifth measurement.
- the CP1 value varies especially in the first measurement and the third measurement.
- the measurement result is stabilized at a certain value (for example, the value at the third time and the fifth time), and the reproducibility is improved. This indicates that the distribution power S of the photoenergy in the photosynthetic sample adapts to the measurement conditions from the standing conditions.
- an acclimatization step for controlling the environmental history of the photosynthetic sample is added between the leaving step and the measuring step. Measurement results can be obtained with good reproducibility. Power. By performing such an acclimation step, for example, in the measurement results of FIG. 39, it is possible to obtain the third and subsequent measurement results from the first time.
- the acclimatization step for acclimating the measurement solution to the measurement conditions includes (1) a dark standby step in which the measurement solution waits in the dark for a predetermined standby time, or (2) a standby for the test measurement solution. This can be achieved by adding one or both of the preliminary irradiation steps for performing a constant light irradiation and a standby in the dark for a predetermined standby time or between the leaving step and the measuring step.
- FIG. 40 is a table showing the measurement accuracy of the results of three measurements of delayed fluorescence under various acclimation conditions. Specifically, three consecutive measurements are performed under various acclimation conditions, and the standard deviation is divided by the average of the three measurements and multiplied by 100 to calculate the measurement accuracy (%). . In other words, the measurement accuracy shown in FIG. 40 indicates the degree of error with respect to the average of the CP1 value forces obtained in three measurements.
- photosynthetically active radiation in terms of 5 / i mol / m 2 / s of white fluorescent standard measurement and left for 15 minutes at lamp solution Nirre Te,, 665 nm as the measurement conditions, 0.8 After irradiating mW m 2 light for 2 seconds, the amount of delayed fluorescence light was measured for 60 seconds in the dark, and this measurement was performed three times to make this measurement. Before performing the main measurement, the acclimatization process is performed under various acclimation conditions (preliminary irradiation conditions), and the measurement accuracy of the three measurement results is determined for each.
- the present invention can be used as a harmful substance evaluation method capable of analyzing a wide range of harmful substances in a short time, and as a kit for evaluating harmful substances.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/583,128 US9448170B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-16 | Harmful substance evaluating method and harmful substance evaluation kit |
CN2004800380113A CN1898552B (zh) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-16 | 有害物质的评价方法以及有害物质的评价用工具箱 |
EP04807202A EP1698885A4 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-16 | METHOD FOR EVALUATING HARMFUL SUBSTANCE AND KIT FOR EVALUATING HARMFUL SUBSTANCE |
JP2005516473A JP4699214B2 (ja) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-16 | 有害物質の評価方法、及び有害物質の評価用キット |
EP18178736.7A EP3425373A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-16 | Harmful substance evaluating method and harmful substance evaluation kit |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-421948 | 2003-12-19 | ||
JP2003421948 | 2003-12-19 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005062027A1 true WO2005062027A1 (ja) | 2005-07-07 |
Family
ID=34708723
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/018844 WO2005062027A1 (ja) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-12-16 | 有害物質の評価方法、及び有害物質の評価用キット |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9448170B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1698885A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4699214B2 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN102435589B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005062027A1 (ja) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007218863A (ja) * | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-30 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 環境要因の評価方法、評価装置及び評価プログラム |
JP2008116401A (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-22 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 光合成サンプルの評価方法及び光合成サンプルの評価プログラム |
EP1998166A1 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2008-12-03 | Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. | Evaluation method for photosynthesis sample, evaluation system for photosynthesis sample, and evaluation program for photosynthesis sample |
JP2011047827A (ja) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-10 | Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corp | ナノ材料の生体分子に対する酸化能を評価する方法 |
WO2011055658A1 (ja) | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-12 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 藻類を用いた化学物質の毒性を評価する方法 |
WO2012032853A1 (ja) | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-15 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 藻類細胞の調製方法及び化学物質の毒性評価用キット |
JP2017044531A (ja) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-02 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光合成サンプルの評価システム、光合成サンプルの評価方法、および光合成サンプルの評価プログラム |
WO2020059727A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-26 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 物質特定装置、物質特定方法及び物質特定プログラム |
JP2020130016A (ja) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-31 | 国立研究開発法人国立環境研究所 | 光合成阻害物質混入検出装置及び光合成阻害物質混入検出方法 |
WO2021187536A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-23 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 状態特定装置、状態特定方法、および状態特定プログラム |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI20085935A0 (fi) * | 2008-10-03 | 2008-10-03 | Wallac Oy | Menetelmä ja laite ei-toivottujen mittausolosuhteiden havaitsemiseksi |
CN103837509A (zh) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-06-04 | 承奕科技股份有限公司 | 时差式荧光检测用光源装置、影像撷取系统及撷取方法 |
CN103558154B (zh) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-09-23 | 广州赛宝计量检测中心服务有限公司 | 一种旋转伸缩式分析样品盒及分析样品 |
JP6622975B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-13 | 2019-12-18 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 計測装置及び計測方法 |
CN106353291A (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-25 | 浙江达美生物技术有限公司 | 同型半胱氨酸的测定试剂及其制备方法 |
CN114295592B (zh) * | 2021-12-01 | 2023-06-27 | 齐鲁工业大学 | 一种藻类盐度耐受性的快速检测方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003006684A2 (de) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-23 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum nachweis der photosynthese-hemmung |
JP2004101196A (ja) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-04-02 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 植物性細胞の育成状態測定装置および育成状態測定方法 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU950682A1 (ru) * | 1980-10-10 | 1982-08-15 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт По Охране Вод | Устройство дл автоматического контрол токсичности жидкостей |
DE3412023A1 (de) * | 1984-03-31 | 1985-10-10 | Edmund Bühler GmbH & Co, 7400 Tübingen | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur schnellbestimmung von schadstoffen in gewaessern |
JPS61133842A (ja) * | 1984-12-04 | 1986-06-21 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | 大型藻類の品質評価方法 |
DE3715114A1 (de) * | 1987-05-06 | 1988-11-17 | Krause Hans | Verfahren und einrichtung zum toxizitaetsnachweis in oberflaechengewaessern sowie in trink- und brauchwasser |
US5130545A (en) * | 1991-04-05 | 1992-07-14 | Lussier Robert R | Video imaging plant management system |
US6121053A (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2000-09-19 | Brookhaven Science Associates | Multiple protocol fluorometer and method |
JP3884592B2 (ja) * | 1998-04-15 | 2007-02-21 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 除草剤散布量決定装置及び除草剤散布量決定方法 |
DE19857792A1 (de) | 1998-12-15 | 2000-07-20 | Ulrich Schreiber | Ultraempfindliches Chlorophyllfluorometer |
JP3908870B2 (ja) * | 1999-01-22 | 2007-04-25 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 施肥量判定方法 |
DE19910436A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-10-12 | Ulrich Schreiber | Zweikanal-Chlorophyllfluorometer für Toxizität - Biotests |
US6365129B1 (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2002-04-02 | Tosk, Inc. | Invivo high throughput toxicology screening method |
EP1089068A1 (de) * | 1999-09-28 | 2001-04-04 | Norbert Graf | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von Kontaminationen |
US6569384B2 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2003-05-27 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Tissue-based water quality biosensors for detecting chemical warfare agents |
JP3991069B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-19 | 2007-10-17 | 静岡県 | 植物の病害抵抗性評価方法及び増殖方法 |
EP2315006B1 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2014-12-17 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Evaluation method for photosynthesis sample, evaluation system for photosynthesis sample, and evaluation program for photosynthesis sample |
US7704731B2 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2010-04-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | System and method for quantifying toxicity in water, soil, and sediments |
AU2010316366B2 (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2014-05-08 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Method for evaluating toxicity of chemical using alga |
-
2004
- 2004-12-16 EP EP04807202A patent/EP1698885A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-12-16 JP JP2005516473A patent/JP4699214B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-16 CN CN201110251576.1A patent/CN102435589B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-16 WO PCT/JP2004/018844 patent/WO2005062027A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-12-16 CN CN2004800380113A patent/CN1898552B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-16 EP EP18178736.7A patent/EP3425373A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-16 US US10/583,128 patent/US9448170B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003006684A2 (de) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-23 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum nachweis der photosynthese-hemmung |
JP2004101196A (ja) * | 2002-09-04 | 2004-04-02 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 植物性細胞の育成状態測定装置および育成状態測定方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
BURGER J., SCHMIDT W.: "Long term delayed luminescence : a possible fast and convenient assay for nutrition deficiencies and environmental pollution damages in plants", PLANT AND SOIL, vol. 109, no. 1, June 1988 (1988-06-01), pages 79 - 83, XP002983800 * |
GERHARDT V.: "Delayed fluorescence of algae", JOURNAL OF LUMINESCNECE, vol. 31/32, no. II, December 1984 (1984-12-01), pages 895 - 898, XP002986301 * |
See also references of EP1698885A4 * |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007218863A (ja) * | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-30 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 環境要因の評価方法、評価装置及び評価プログラム |
EP1998166A1 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2008-12-03 | Hamamatsu Photonics K. K. | Evaluation method for photosynthesis sample, evaluation system for photosynthesis sample, and evaluation program for photosynthesis sample |
EP1998166A4 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2010-08-18 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | EVALUATION METHOD FOR A PHOTOSYNTHESIS SAMPLE, EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR A PHOTOSYNTHESIS SAMPLE, AND EVALUATION PROGRAM FOR A PHOTOSYNTHESIS SAMPLE |
EP2315006A1 (en) | 2006-02-20 | 2011-04-27 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Evaluation method for photosynthesis sample, evaluation system for photosynthesis sample, and evaluation program for photosynthesis sample |
US8798931B2 (en) | 2006-02-20 | 2014-08-05 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk. | Evaluation method for evaluating a state of a photosynthesis sample |
JP2008116401A (ja) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-22 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 光合成サンプルの評価方法及び光合成サンプルの評価プログラム |
JP2011047827A (ja) * | 2009-08-27 | 2011-03-10 | Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corp | ナノ材料の生体分子に対する酸化能を評価する方法 |
US8658392B2 (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2014-02-25 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Method for evaluating toxicity of chemical using alga |
WO2011055658A1 (ja) | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-12 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 藻類を用いた化学物質の毒性を評価する方法 |
KR20120081623A (ko) | 2009-11-09 | 2012-07-19 | 하마마츠 포토닉스 가부시키가이샤 | 조류를 이용한 화학 물질의 독성을 평가하는 방법 |
EP2500715A1 (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2012-09-19 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Method for evaluating toxicity of chemical using alga |
EP2500715A4 (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2013-06-05 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE TOXICITY OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES USING ALGAE |
JP5588457B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-09 | 2014-09-10 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 藻類を用いた化学物質の毒性を評価する方法 |
US9759639B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2017-09-12 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Method for preparation of algal cells, and kit for evaluation of toxicity of chemical substance |
WO2012032853A1 (ja) | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-15 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 藻類細胞の調製方法及び化学物質の毒性評価用キット |
JP2012055224A (ja) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-22 | Hamamatsu Photonics Kk | 藻類細胞の調製方法及び化学物質の毒性評価用キット |
KR101844616B1 (ko) | 2010-09-08 | 2018-04-02 | 하마마츠 포토닉스 가부시키가이샤 | 조류 세포의 제조 방법 및 화학 물질의 독성 평가용 키트 |
JP2017044531A (ja) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-03-02 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光合成サンプルの評価システム、光合成サンプルの評価方法、および光合成サンプルの評価プログラム |
JPWO2020059727A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2021-08-30 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 物質特定装置、物質特定方法及び物質特定プログラム |
WO2020059727A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-26 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 物質特定装置、物質特定方法及び物質特定プログラム |
JP7260189B2 (ja) | 2018-09-18 | 2023-04-18 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 物質特定装置、物質特定方法及び物質特定プログラム |
US11835456B2 (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2023-12-05 | The University Of Tokyo | Substance identification device, substance identification method and substance identification program |
JP2020130016A (ja) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-31 | 国立研究開発法人国立環境研究所 | 光合成阻害物質混入検出装置及び光合成阻害物質混入検出方法 |
JP7193087B2 (ja) | 2019-02-15 | 2022-12-20 | 国立研究開発法人国立環境研究所 | 光合成阻害物質混入検出装置及び光合成阻害物質混入検出方法 |
WO2021187536A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-23 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 状態特定装置、状態特定方法、および状態特定プログラム |
JPWO2021187536A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-23 | ||
JP7345939B2 (ja) | 2020-03-17 | 2023-09-19 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 状態特定装置、状態特定方法、および状態特定プログラム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1698885A1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
CN102435589B (zh) | 2015-01-14 |
CN1898552A (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
EP3425373A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
US9448170B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
JPWO2005062027A1 (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
CN102435589A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
EP1698885A4 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
US20070224659A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
JP4699214B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 |
CN1898552B (zh) | 2011-11-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2005062027A1 (ja) | 有害物質の評価方法、及び有害物質の評価用キット | |
Schreiber et al. | New type of dual-channel PAM chlorophyll fluorometer for highly sensitive water toxicity biotests | |
MacIntyre et al. | Using cultures to investigate the physiological ecology of microalgae | |
Campanella et al. | An algal biosensor for the monitoring of water toxicity in estuarine environments | |
Dorigo et al. | A pulse-amplitude modulated fluorescence-based method for assessing the effects of photosystem II herbicides on freshwater periphyton | |
EP2780695A1 (de) | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur nicht-invasiven erfassung von wachstumsprozessen und simultanen messung von chemisch-physikalischen parametern | |
EP1998166B1 (en) | Evaluation method, system and program for photosynthetic sample | |
Katsumata et al. | Delayed fluorescence as an indicator of the influence of the herbicides Irgarol 1051 and Diuron on hard coral Acropora digitifera | |
Suggett et al. | Gross photosynthesis and lake community metabolism during the spring phytoplankton bloom | |
Berden-Zrimec et al. | Delayed fluorescence in algal growth inhibition tests | |
Ekelund et al. | Environmental monitoring using bioassays | |
KR101523638B1 (ko) | 좀개구리밥의 생장 면적 변화율을 이용한 수질 독성 평가 방법 | |
WO2014156363A1 (ja) | 藻類を利用した水質試験方法 | |
Petjukevics et al. | Chlorophyll fluorescence changes, as plant early state indicator under different water salinity regimes on the invasive macrophyte Elodea canadensis (Michx., 1803) | |
KR20100083095A (ko) | 파래의 포자 방출을 이용하여 독성을 진단하기 위한 키트 및 방법 | |
Fodorpataki et al. | Differential sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus of a freshwater green alga and of duckweed exposed to salinity and heavy metal stress | |
Łaskawiec et al. | Assessment of the possibility of recycling backwashing water from the swimming pool water treatment system | |
Courtois et al. | Continuous monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms: benefits and conditions for using fluorescence probes | |
RU2222003C2 (ru) | Способ биотестирования природных, сточных вод и водных растворов | |
KR101879752B1 (ko) | 처리수 내 생존생물 분석 방법 | |
Razinger et al. | Delayed fluorescence imaging of photosynthesis inhibitor and heavy metal induced stress in potato | |
Kurzbaum et al. | Delayed fluorescence as a direct indicator of diurnal variation in quantum and radiant energy utilization efficiencies of phytoplankton | |
SU1515105A1 (ru) | Способ оценки токсичности жидкости | |
KR101714190B1 (ko) | 파래를 이용한 수질 독성 측정 방법 | |
Ekelund et al. | 1Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden, 2Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200480038011.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2005516473 Country of ref document: JP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004807202 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004807202 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10583128 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 2007224659 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10583128 Country of ref document: US |