Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D263/62—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems having two or more ring systems containing condensed 1,3-oxazole rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
  • C07C237/24—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C237/26—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton of a ring being part of a condensed ring system formed by at least four rings, e.g. tetracycline
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/65—Tetracyclines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
  • C07D263/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D263/54—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
  • C07C2603/02—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
  • C07C2603/40—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing four condensed rings
  • C07C2603/42—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing four condensed rings containing only six-membered rings
  • C07C2603/44—Naphthacenes; Hydrogenated naphthacenes
  • C07C2603/46—1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a- Octahydronaphthacenes, e.g. tetracyclines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel oxazole derivatives of tetracyclines which are useful as antibiotic agents and exhibit antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of organisms including organisms which are resistant to tetracyclines and other antibiotics.
• This invention also relates to novel tetracycline intermediates useful for making the novel compounds and novel methods for producing the novel compounds and the intermediate compounds.
• Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome preventing binding of aminoacyl RNA (Chopra, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 78, 317-392, Springer- Verlag, 1985). Resistance to tetracyclines has emerged among many clinically important microorganisms which limit the utility of these antibiotics. There are two major mechanisms of bacterial resistance to tetracyclines: a) energy-dependent efflux of the antibiotic mediated by proteins located in the cytoplasmic membrane which prevents intracellular accumulation of tetracycline (S. B.
• Resistance genes Class A-E such as Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus and Aeromonas
• Gram-positive bacteria resistance genes Class K and L
• Staphylococcus Bacillus and Streptococcus.
• TetM resistance determinants
• N and O resistance determinants designated TetM, N and O
• Staphylococcus Streptococcus
• Campylobacter Gardnerella
• Haemophilus and Mycoplasma A. A. Salyers, B. S. Speers and N. B. Shoemaker, Mol. Microbiol, 4:151-156 1990.
• a particularly useful tetracycline compound is 7-(dimethylamino)- 6-demethyl-6- deoxytetracycline, known as minocycline (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,148,212, U.S. Pat. No. RE 26,253 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,226,436 discussed below).
• minocycline 7-(dimethylamino)- 6-demethyl-6- deoxytetracycline
• minocycline see U.S. Pat. No. 3,148,212, U.S. Pat. No. RE 26,253 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,226,436 discussed below.
• tetB efflux in gram-negative bacteria
• tetK efflux in Staphylococcus
• strains carrying tetM are resistant to minocycline.
• This invention describes the synthesis of novel tetracycline compounds which demonstrate significant in vitro and in vivo activity vs. tetracycline and minocycline susceptible strains and some tetracycline and minocycline resistant strains, that is, those harboring the tetM (ribosomal protection) resistance determinants.
• Duggar U.S. Pat. No. 2,482,055, discloses the preparation of Aureomycin.RTM. by fermentation which have antibacterial activity.
• Growich et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,007,965, disclose improvements to the fermentation preparation.
• Beereboom et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,043,875 discloses tetracycline derivatives Boothe et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,148,212, reissued as U.S. Pat. No. RE 26,253, and Petisi et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,226,436, discloses tetracycline derivatives which are useful for treating bacterial infections. Blackwood et al., U.S.
• Pat. No. 3, 200,149 discloses tetracycline derivatives which possess microbiological activity.
• Petisi et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,338,963 discloses tetracycline compounds which have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
• Bitha et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,341 ,585 discloses tetracycline compounds which have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
• Shu, U.S. Pat. No. 3,360,557 discloses 9- hydroxytetracyclines which have been found to possess antibacterial activity.
• Zambrano U.S. Pat. No. 3,360,561 discloses a process for preparing 9-nitrotetracyclines. Martell et al., U.S.
• Pat. No. 3,518,306 discloses tetracyclines which possess in vivo antibacterial activity.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,021 ,407 a method of overcoming the resistance of tetracycline resistant bacteria is disclosed. The method involves utilizing a blocking agent compound in conjunction with a tetracycline type antibiotic. This patent does not disclose novel tetracycline compounds which themselves have activity against resistant organisms. Described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,903 are 7-substituted-9- substitutedamino-6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracyclines which have broad spectrum antibacterial activity.
• none of the above patents teach or suggest the novel compounds of this application.
• none of the above patents teach or suggest novel tetracycline compounds of the invention having activity against tetracycline and minocycline resistant strains as well as strains which are normally susceptible to tetracyclines.
• X is selected from hydrogen, amino, NR 11 R 12 , alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted , aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl optionally substituted, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen;
• A" is a moiety selected from the group:
• R 11 and R 12 are each independently H or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or R 1 and R 12 when optionally taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached form a 3 to 7 membered saturated hydrocarbon ring;
• Y is selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen;
• R is selected from alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, -CH 2 NR 1 R 2 , aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aralkyl of 7 to 16 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aroyl of 7 to 13 carbon atoms optionally substituted, SR 3 , heteroaryl of 5 or 6 ring atoms optionally substituted, containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms which may be the same or different, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and heteroarylcarbonyl of 5 or 6 ring atoms optionally substituted containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms which may be the same or different, independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur;
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently H or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or R 1 and R 2 when optionally taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached form a 3 to 7 membered saturated hydrocarbon ring;
• R 3 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, -CH 2 -aryl optionally substituted, aralkyl of 7 to 1 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aroyl, -CH 2 (CO)OCH 2 aryl optionally substituted, -CH 2 -alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, and -CH 2 -alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted;
• R 2 when X is NR 1 R 2 and R 1 is hydrogen, then R 2 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, 1-methylethyl, 1 -methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl or 1 ,1 -dimethylethyl; and that when R 1 is methyl or ethyl then R 2 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-propyl, 1 -methylpropyl, or 2-methylpropyl; or a tautomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• alkyl as a group or part of a group means a straight or branched alkyl moiety of 1 to 12 carbon atoms which can be optionally independently substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group halogen, amino, cyano, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl optionally substituted, phenyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, NH-alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, N- cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, NH-(alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms)-aryl optionally substituted and heterocyclyl of 3 to 8 membered ring.
• substituents selected from the group halogen, amino, cyano, cycloalkyl of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl optionally substituted, phenyl, hydroxyl, alk
• alkyl is a moiety of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In other embodiments of the invention alkyl is a moiety of 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In other embodiments alkyl is substituted by heterocyclyl of 4 to 7 ring members (e.g. pyrrolidinyl)
• alkenyl means a straight or branched carbon chain of 2 to 12 carbon atoms having at least one site of unsaturation optionally independently substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group optionally substituted aryl, phenyl, heteroaryl, halogen, amino, cyano, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, and alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
• alkoxy as a group or part of a group refers to alkyl-O- wherein alkyl is hereinbefore defined.
• aryl as a group or part of a group, e.g., aralkyl, aroyl, means an aromatic moiety having 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms, which can be optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkenyl, hydroxyl, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, benzyloxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, methylenedioxy and phenyl.
• aryl is phenyl or naphthyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents. Substituted phenyl may optionally be the moiety
• aralkyl as used herein of 7 to 16 carbon atoms means an alkyl substituted with an aryl group in which the aryl and alkyl group are previously defined.
• Non- limiting exemplary aralkyl groups include benzyl and phenethyl and the like.
• Phenyl as used herein refers to a 6-membered carbon aromatic ring.
• alkynyl includes both straight chain and branched moieties containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms having at least one carbon to carbon triple bond optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group halogen, amino, cyano, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, and alkoxy of 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
• halogen or halo means F, CI, Br or I.
• cycloalkyl means a saturated monocyclic ring having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
• exemplary cycloalkyl rings include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
• cycloalkyl is a moiety of 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
• R 1 and R 2 and R 11 and R 12 when optionally taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached form a 3 to 7 membered saturated hydrocarbon ring, where a non-limiting example is pyrrolidinyl,
• aroyl means an aryl-C(O)- group in which the aryl group is as previously defined.
• Non-limiting examples include benzoyl and naphthoyl.
• heteroaryl means an aromatic heterocyclic, monocyclic ring of 5 or 6 ring atoms containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N and S.
• Heteroaryl rings may optionally be substituted with 1 to 3 substitutents selected from the group halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, -CH 2 OCOCH 3 and carboxy.
• Non-limiting heteroaryl moieties optionally substituted include: furanyl, thienyl, pyridyl, tetrazolyl, imidazo, thiazolyl and the like. Further included are benzofuranyl, benzothienyl and quinolinyl.
• heteroarylcarbonyl means a heteroaryl-C(O)- group in which the heteroaryl group is as previously defined.
• heterocyclyl as used herein represents a saturated 3 to 8 membered ring containing one to three heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• Representative examples are pyrrolidyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, aziridinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl and the like.
• alkylheterocyclyl means an alkyl-heterocyclyl group in which the alkyl and heterocyclyl group are previously defined.
• Non-limiting exemplary alkylheterocyclyl groups include moieties of the formulae:
• R of Formula (I) is selected from the group alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkylheterocyclyl) selected from moieties of the group
• R of Formula (I) is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents.
• R is selected from moieties of the group
• R is heteroaryl.
• R is selected from moieties of the group
• R is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms optionally substituted, ⁇ ⁇ NH(cycloalkyl of 5 to 6 carbon atoms),
• R of Formula (I) is S-alkyl of 1 to carbon atoms, S-CH 2 -aryl optionally substituted and S-CH 2 (CO)OCH 2 aryl optionally substituted.
• R is selected from moieties of the group
• Preferred compounds of the invention include those selected from the group:
• Preferred compounds of the invention include those selected from the group:
• Preferred compounds include those selected from the group:
• X is selected from hydrogen, amino, NR 1 R 2 , alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted., aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl optionally substituted, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen;
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently H or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or R 1 and R 2 when optionally taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached form a 3 to 7 membered saturated hydrocarbon ring;
• Y is selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen;
• X is N(CH 3 ) 2 and the amine R 1 R 2 NH is t- butyl amine.
• X is selected from hydrogen, amino, NR 1 R 2 , alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted , aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl, optionally substituted, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen;
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently H or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or
• R 1 and R 2 when optionally taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached form a 3 to 7 membered saturated hydrocarbon ring;
• Y is selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising the steps:
• X is N(CH 3 ) 2 and the amine R 1 R 2 NH is t- butyl amine.
• X is selected from hydrogen, amino, NR 1 R 2 , alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted , aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl optionally substituted, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen;
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently H or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or
• R 1 and R 2 when optionally taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached form a 3 to 7 membered saturated hydrocarbon ring;
• Y is selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen; produced by the process comprising the steps:
• X is N(CH 3 ) 2 and the amine R 1 R 2 NH is t- butyl amine.
• X is selected from hydrogen, amino, NR 1 R 2 , alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted , aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl optionally substituted, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen;
• R 1 and R 2 are each independently H or alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms or when optionally taken together with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached form a 3 to 7 membered saturated hydrocarbon ring;
• Y is selected from hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, aryl of 6, 10 or 14 carbon atoms optionally substituted, alkenyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted, vinyl, alkynyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted and halogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof produced by the process comprising the steps:
• X is N(CH 3 ) 2 and the amine R 1 R 2 NH is t- butyl amine.
• novel compounds of the present invention may be readily prepared in accordance with the following Scheme I.
• reaction of 7-(substituted)-8-(substituted)-9-amino-6-demethyl-6- deoxytetracyclines 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof where X and Y are hereinbefore defined are reacted with 2-chloro-1 ,1 ,1-trimethoxy-ethane in an aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to give chloromethyl-benzoxazole 4 , optionally isolated, then converted to substituted amine 5 by further reaction with an amine 9 (Procedure B) .
• an aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)
• reaction of 7-(substituted)-8-(substituted)-9-amino-6-demethyl-6- deoxytetracyclines 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof with thiocarbonyldiimidazole provides thio 8 followed by alkylation with RCH 2 Br in the presence of an amine which includes N,N-diisopropylethylamine affords oxazole 10 (Procedure C).
• amine 9 in the preparation of 9-(2-substituted aminomethyl carbonylamino)substituted-6-dimethyl-6-deoxytetracycline 6, in Scheme I is t- butylamine.
• Reactions are performed in a solvent appropriate to the reagents and materials employed and suitable for the transformation being effected. It is understood by those skilled in the art of organic synthesis that the various functionalities present on the molecule must be consistent with the chemical transformations proposed. This may necessitate judgement as to the order of synthetic steps, protecting groups, if required, and deprotection conditions. Substituents on the starting materials may be incompatible with some of the reaction conditions. Such restrictions to the substituents which are compatible with the reaction conditions will be apparent to one skilled in the art. Some of the compounds of the hereinbefore described schemes have center of asymmetry. The compounds may, therefore, exist in at least two and often more stereoisomeric forms.
• the present invention encompasses all stereoisomers of the compounds whether free from other stereoisomers or admixed with other stereoisomers in any proportion and thus includes, for instance, racemic mixture of enantiomers as well as the diastereomeric mixture of isomers.
• the absolute configuration of any compound may be determined by conventional X-ray crystallography.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the invention may be obtained as metal complexes such as aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese and complex salts; inorganic and organic salts and corresponding Mannich base adducts using methods known to those skilled in the art (Richard C. Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, 411-415, 1989).
• the compounds of the invention are obtained as inorganic salts such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, nitric or sulfate; or organic salts such as acetate, benzoate, citrate, cysteine or other amino acids, fumarate, glycolate, maleate, succinate, tartrate alkylsulfonate or arylsulfonate.
• inorganic salts such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, nitric or sulfate
• organic salts such as acetate, benzoate, citrate, cysteine or other amino acids, fumarate, glycolate, maleate, succinate, tartrate alkylsulfonate or arylsulfonate.
• the salt formation preferentially occurs with the C(4)-dimethylamino group when forming inorganic salts.
• the salts are preferred for oral and parenteral administration. Standard Pharmacological Test Procedures
• Antimicrobial susceptibility testing The in vitro activities of the antibiotics are determined by the broth microdilution method as recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) (1). Mueller-Hinton II broth (MHBII)(BBL Cockeysville, MD) is the medium employed in the testing procedures. Microtiter plates containing serial dilutions of each antimicrobial agent are inoculated with each organism to yield the appropriate density (10 5 CFU/ml) in a 100 ⁇ final volume. The plates are incubated for 18 - 22 hours at 35°C in ambient air. The minimal inhibitory concentration for all isolates is defined as the lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that completely inhibits the growth of the organism as detected by the unaided eye.
• Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6
• E. coli GC4560 (IMP mutant) 32 8 16 16 4 8
• E. coli GC2203 (ATCC Control) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• H. influenzaeo GC6896 (ATCC Control) >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC2270 (tet(M)) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC4559 (parent GC4560) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC4560 (IMP mutant) 4 4 16 32 16 E. coli GC2203 (ATCC Control) 32 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC1073 (tet(B)) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 S. aureus GC1131 (Clinical) 4 4 4 64 16 S. aureus GC6466 (tet(M)) 8 4 4 64 16 S. aureus GC6467 (tet(M)+(K)) 8 8 8 64 16 S.
• aureus GC1079 (tet(K)) 8 4 4 64 16 S. aureus GC4536 (Smith MP -In Vivo) 8 8 4 64 16 S. aureus GC2216 (ATCC Control) 4 4 4 64 16 E. faecalis GC4555 (ATCC Control) 8 8 8 64 16 E. faecalis GC2267 (tet(L)+(M)+(S)) 8 8 8 64 16 E. faecalis GC2242 (Van-resistant) 8 8 4 64 16 S. pneumoniae * GC4465 (Clinical) 8 32 16 >64 >64 S. pneumoniae * GC1894 (Clinical) 8 16 16 >64 >64 S.
• E. coli GC2270 (tet(M)) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC4559 (parent GC4560) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC4560 (IMP mutant) 4 4 4 32 >64
• E. coli GC2203 (ATCC Control) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC1073 (tet(B)) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 S. aureus GC1131 (Clinical) 8 4 4 4 32 64 S. aureus GC6466 (tet(M)) 8 4 4 32 32 S. aureus GC6467 (tet(M)+(K)) 8 4 4 32 32 S.
• aureus GC1079 (tet(K)) 8 4 4 4 32 32 S. aureus GC4536 (Smith MP -In Vivo) 8 4 8 64 64 S. aureus GC2216 (ATCC Control) 8 4 4 32 32 32 E. faecalis GC4555 (ATCC Control) 8 4 8 64 >64 E. faecalis GC2267 (tet(L)+(M)+(S)) 16 4 8 64 64 64 E. faecalis GC2242 (Van-resistant) 8 4 4 32 32 S. pneumoniae * GC4465 (Clinical) 32 16 4 >64 >64 S. pneumoniae* GC1894 (Clinical) 32 16 4 64 >64 S.
• E. coli GC2270 (tet(M)) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC4559 parent GC4560
• E. coli GC4560 (IMP mutant) 8 32 8 32
• E. coli GC2203 (ATCC Control) >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC1073 (tet(B)) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 S. aureus GC1131 (Clinical) 8 32 8 16 S. aureus GC6466 (tet(M)) 8 32 4 16 S. aureus GC6467 (tet(M)+(K)) 8 32 8 16 S.
• aureus GC1079 (tet(K)) 8 32 4 32 S. aureus GC4536 (Smith MP -In Vivo) 8 32 8 32 S. aureus GC2216 (ATCC Control) 8 64 4 16 E. faecalis GC4555 (ATCC Control) 8 32 8 32 E. faecalis GC2267 (tet(L)+(M)+(S)) 8 32 4 16 E. faecalis GC2242 (Van-resistant) 8 32 4 16 S. pneumoniae * GC4465 (Clinical) 32 64 32 >64 S. pneumoniae * GC1894 (Clinical) 32 64 32 >64 S.
• E. coli GC2270 (tet(M)) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC4559 (parent GC4560) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC4560 (IMP mutant) 32 16 8 8 4 E. coli GC2203 (ATCC Control) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64
• E. coli GC1073 (tet(B)) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 S. aureus GC1131 (Clinical) 8 8 8 4 8 S. aureus GC6466 (tet(M)) 16 8 8 8 4 S. aureus GC6467 (tet(M)+(K)) 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 S.
• aureus GC1079 (tet(K)) 8 16 8 8 8 8 S. aureus GC4536 (Smith MP -In Vivo) 16 16 8 8 8 8 S. aureus GC2216 (ATCC Control) 8 8 8 4 8 E. faecalis GC4555 (ATCC Control) 16 16 8 8 8 8 E. faecalis GC2267 (tet(L)+(M)+(S)) 8 8 8 4 8 E. faecalis GC2242 (Van-resistant) 8 8 8 4 8 S. pneumoniae * GC4465 (Clinical) 64 32 32 16 8 S. pneumoniae * GC1894 (Clinical) 64 64 32 16 8 S.
• E. coli GC4560 (IMP mutant) >64 16 32 0.50 1
• E. coli GC2203 (ATCC Control) >64 64 >64 4 2
• E. faecalis GC4555 (ATCC Control) 64 16 32 1 4 E. faecalis GC2267 (tet(L)+(M)+(S)) >64 16 32 4 4 E. faecalis GC2242 (Van-resistant) 64 16 32 1 4 S. pneumoniae * GC4465 (Clinical) 16 16 32 0.50 1 S. pneumoniae * GC1894 (Clinical) 8 32 64 0.25 1 S. pyogenes * GC4563 (Clinical) 16 8 32 0.25 1 M. catarrhalis * GC6907 (Clinical) 32 8 16 0.50 1 H. influenzaeo GC6896 (ATCC Control) >64 32 >64 2 4 C. albicans GC3066 ATCC (Control) >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 >64 on
• E. coli GC4560 (IMP mutant) 1 8 8 8
• E. coli GC2203 (ATCC Control) 2 32 32
• E. faecalis GC2242 (Van-resistant) 2 16 32 S. pneumoniae* GC4465 (Clinical) 1 4 8 S. pneumoniae * GC1894 (Clinical) 1 4 8 S. pyogenes* GC4563 (Clinical) 1 4 8
• H. influenzaeo GC6896 (ATCC Control) 4 64 64 C. albicans GC3066 ATCC (Control) >64 >64 >64
• the compounds of the invention when employed as antibacterials, they can be combined with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, for example, solvents, diluents and the like, and may be administered orally in such forms as tablets, capsules, dispersible powders, granules, or suspensions containing, for example, from about 0.05 to 5% of suspending agent, syrups containing, for example, from about 10 to 50% of sugar, and elixirs containing, for example, from about 20 to 50% ethanol, and the like, or parenterally in the form of sterile injectable solutions or suspensions containing from about 0.05 to 5% suspending agent in an isotonic medium.
• Such pharmaceutical preparations may contain, for example, from about 25 to about 90% of the active ingredient in combination with the carrier, more usually between about 5% and 60% by weight.
• An effective amount of compound from about 2.0 mg/kg of body weight to about 100.0 mg/kg of body weight may be administered one to five times per day via any typical route of administration including but not limited to oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intrastemal injection or infusion techniques), topical or rectal, in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles.
• Solid carriers include starch, lactose, dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose and kaolin, while liquid carriers include sterile water, polyethylene glycols, non-ionic surfactants and edible oils such as corn, peanut and sesame oils, as are appropriate to the nature of the active ingredient and the particular form of administration desired.
• Adjuvants customarily employed in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions may be advantageously included, such as flavoring agents, coloring agents, preserving agents, and antioxidants, for example, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, BHT and BHA.
• the preferred pharmaceutical compositions of compounds of the invention from the standpoint of ease of preparation and administration are solid compositions, particularly tablets and hard-filled or liquid-filled capsules. Oral administration of the compounds is preferred.
• active compounds may also be administered parenterally or intraperitoneally.
• Solutions or suspensions of these active compounds as a free base or pharmacologically acceptable salt can be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxy-propylcellulose.
• Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid, polyethylene glycols and mixtures thereof in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
• the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
• the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacterial and fungi.
• the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g., glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, and vegetable oil.
• 9-aminominocycline sulfate salt (0.500g, 0.748 mmol) is dissolved in anhydrous DMF and treated with ⁇ -phenylcinnamaldehyde (0.779g, 3.74 mmol, 5 equivalents) The solution is then treated with DDQ (0.085 g, 0.374 mmol, 0.5 equivalents) and stirred at room temperature for 5 min. ES+ mass spectrometry showed a 1 :1 ratio of product and starting material. A second portion of DDQ (0.068 g, 0.300 mmol, 0.4 equivalents) is added.
• 9-aminominocycline sulfate salt (1.0 g, 1.50 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (50 mL) and treated with a solution of 2-chloro-1 ,1 ,1-trimethoxyethane (0.463 g, 3.00 mmol, 2 equivalents). The reaction is stirred at room temperature until mass spectrometry shows conversion to the chloromethylbenzoxazole derivative. The solution is then treated with ⁇ -propylamine (10 mL, excess) and stirred until mass spectrometry shows conversion to the n-propylaminomethyl benzoxazole.
• the mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to remove excess n-propylamine, and then poured slowly into ether (1 L) and HCI/ether is added to precipate the salt.
• the solid is rinsed with fresh ether and dried under vacuum.
• the crude solid is dissolved in water (100 mL) giving a solution at pH 2.
• the pH is raised successively by 0.5 units with aqueous ammonia, and extracted with dichloromethane.
• the fractions extracted at pH 4-4.5 are combined, dried (Na 2 SO ), filtered and concentrated nearly to dryness.
• a small volume of methanol is added and the solution is treated with 1 M HCI in ether.
• 9-aminominocycline sulfate salt (1.0 g, 1.50 mmol) is dissolved DMF (20 mL) and treated with a solution of 2-chlorotrimethoxyethane (0.35 g, 2.2 mmol, 1.46 equivalents). The reaction is stirred at room temperature until mass spectrometry showed conversion to the chloromethylbenzoxazole derivative. The solution is then treated with t-butylamine (7.3 mL, excess) and stirred until mass spectrometry showed conversion to the t-butylaminomethyl benzoxazole. The mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure to remove excess t-butylamine, and then poured slowly into ether (1 L) and HCl/ether is added to precipate the salt.
• the solid is rinsed with fresh ether and dried under vacuum.
• the crude solid is dissolved in water (100 mL) giving a solution at pH 2.
• the pH is raised successively by 0.5 units with aqueous ammonia, and extracted with dichloromethane.
• the fractions extracted at pH 4-4.5 are combined, dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated nearly to dryness.
• a small volume of methanol is added and the solution is treated with 1 M HCI in ether.
• the precipitated solid is collected by filtration, washed with fresh ether and dried under vacuum to give the product as its HCI salt.
• the compound of the example is prepared using procedure D in Example 43 using 4- fluorobenzylbromide.
• 9-aminominocycline sulfate salt (1.0 g, 1.50 mmol) is dissolved DMF (20 mL) and treated with a solution of 2-chlorotrimethoxyethane (0.35 g, 2.2 mmol, 1 .47 equivalents). The reaction is stirred at room temperature until mass spectrometry showed conversion to the chloromethylbenzoxazole derivative. The solution is then treated with t-butylamine (7.3 mL, excess) and stirred until mass spectrometry showed conversion to the t-butylaminomethyl benzoxazole.
• Example 46 [4S-(4 ,4a ⁇ ,5a ,12a )]-4,7-Bis(dimethylamino)-9-[(dimethyamino)acetylamino]- 1 ,4,4a,5,5a,6,11 ,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1 ,11 -dioxo-2- naphthacenecarboxamide.

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