WO2005051586A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum regeln eines energieeintrags bei einem fügeprozess - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum regeln eines energieeintrags bei einem fügeprozess Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005051586A1 WO2005051586A1 PCT/DE2004/002581 DE2004002581W WO2005051586A1 WO 2005051586 A1 WO2005051586 A1 WO 2005051586A1 DE 2004002581 W DE2004002581 W DE 2004002581W WO 2005051586 A1 WO2005051586 A1 WO 2005051586A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- energy input
- signals
- emission light
- plasma
- measurement signals
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
- B23K9/0956—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters using sensing means, e.g. optical
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for regulating an energy input in a joining process, in particular in a metal shielding gas welding process.
- MSG welding metal shielding gas welding
- An arc joining process is carried out by means of a continuously melting electrode.
- MSG welding processes are used in different performance areas depending on the application.
- the controlled short arc is of particular importance for joining the thinnest sheets ( ⁇ 0.7mm).
- a specific melting pulse with subsequent material transfer in the short circuit is characteristic of this process. There is no free drop transfer from the electrode to be melted into the melted material, but an immersion in the weld pool.
- the pulsing of the energy input is used here in order to achieve a more uniform process behavior overall.
- a short-circuit-free transition can be achieved with the classic pulsed arc (ILB), in which there is a free drop transition from the electrode to be melted into the melted material.
- ILB classic pulsed arc
- MSG metal-active gas welding
- a reduction in the energy input below the limit previously achievable with known MSG methods is necessary in order to prevent the melt from forming holes.
- the current and voltage values obtained from the welding process are hardly representative of the behavior of materials with high plasma vapor pressure (zinc / magnesium).
- the explosive evaporation which characteristically occurs with these materials when the short-circuit bridge is torn open, leading to considerable disruptions when joining, such as spatter formation, uneven penetration and / or wetting of the edges.
- the voltage values obtained from clocked energy sources of conventional design are associated with high interference levels, including the chopper signal of the energy source.
- the chopper frequency is usually in the range from 100 to 400 kHz.
- the filtering of the signals necessary to suppress the chopper disturbances takes time that prevents a quick reaction to process disturbances.
- the energy input in the melting phase of the filler material is preferably carried out via a time-controlled program, with the base current and high current phases alternating in a predetermined manner, regardless of the current events in the arc.
- pulsed melting has also been carried out in the short arc for some years in order to achieve a more uniform process behavior overall.
- an arc of high current is created after the short-circuit bridge has been cut. After a certain burning time of this high-current arc, the current intensity can also be reduced or set to zero here.
- This type of control also runs in a known prototypical process over a rigid time schedule.
- Deviations of the current welding process from the conditions present in the test welds e.g. a change in the wire length through which the current flows or the arc plasma composition due to different evaporation of the base and filler material
- Deviations of the current welding process from the conditions present in the test welds lead to deviations from the results achieved in the test weld and thus lead to unwanted droplet detachment , Splashes and unsatisfactory seam quality.
- a lack of protective gas, the presence of hydrogen in the arc or a high moisture content in the coating of electrodes can also be detected.
- l Kim et al .: Visible Light Emissions during Gas Tungsten Are Welding and ist Application to Weld Image hnprovement, Welding Research Supplement 66, Dec. 1987, 369-s-377-s, will be experiments with a stationary TIG arc and different base materials (Ti alloy, Al alloy, copper) at three different current intensities under Ar or He protection. The importance of the base material on the spectrum is shown.
- a spectral range could be determined from the spectral images, which is almost free of spectral lines. Using an interference filter that passes this wavelength range and a camera, photographs were taken of the arc that gave insights into the weld pool that would otherwise be covered by the radiation from the arc in other wavelength ranges. Hiding certain spectral ranges can also provide new information.
- Spectral Information of Are and Welding Automation, Welding in the World, vol 34, (1994) 317-324 explains the basics for the relationship between spectral information and the physical processes in the welding process.
- the spectrally resolved radiation is regarded as important information for the measurement and control during automatic welding.
- An example is a hydrogen detector consisting of two spectral sensors, one of which detects the H line at 656.3 nm, while the other measures the continuum radiation in the vicinity of the H line.
- the hydrogen content can be determined from the ratio of the two signals. Real-time tests in TIG and MIG welding resulted in detection limits from around 0.01 vol.% Hydrogen in the welding arc.
- Low alloy steel and Al alloy welds were performed under Ar-CO 2 - and Ar-0 2 as well as under pure argon.
- a transistorized current source was used as the welding energy source, with which the welding current could be set between 50 and 450 A and the pulse current level and pulse frequency could be varied. The distance between the welding torch and the workpiece could also be changed.
- the welding beam and welding voltage were recorded and slow-motion pictures were taken to collect all information about the welding process.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for regulating an energy input in a joining process, in particular in a metal shielding gas welding process, which enable regulation of the energy input in such a way that the quality of the joining connection is improved.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to independent claim 1 and a device according to independent claim 10.
- a method for regulating an energy input in a joining process comprising the following steps: spectrally resolved measurement of emission light from a plasma of the joining process with the aid of an optical measuring device; Generating measurement signals for the measured emission light with the aid of the optical measuring device; Transmitting the measurement signals to an evaluation device; and processing the measurement signals with the aid of the evaluation device to generate control signals as a function of the measurement signals.
- a device for regulating an energy input in a joining process in real time comprises the following elements: an optical measuring device for spectrally resolved measurement of emission light from a plasma of the joining process with a dispersion component for spectrally decomposing the emission light and a detector for generating measurement signals for the spectrally decomposed emission light; an evaluation device, which is connected in the control circuit to the optical measuring device, for processing the measuring signals and for generating control signals as a function of the measuring signals; and an energy source, which is connected in the control loop to the evaluation device, for receiving the control signals and for generating the energy input during the joining process as a function of the control signals, so that the energy input can be regulated in real time in accordance with the control signals.
- the joining processes for which the method and the device have an advantageous effect include welding, soldering, laser processes, laser-MSG hybrid processes, laser-TIG hybrid processes and MSG hybrid processes.
- the main advantage that the invention achieves over the prior art is that spectrally resolved information from the plasma of the joining process is used in a control loop in order to generate control signals on the basis of measurement signals derived therefrom and in real time the energy source for the energy input to regulate in the joining process so that there is an almost instantaneous feedback of the processes taking place in the plasma during joining to the energy input.
- the use of the spectral information from the plasma has the advantage over measuring electrical quantities, for example voltage or current, that the measured emission light is not See interference fields are affected, such as those that might be generated due to long cables or the energy source itself.
- the emission light measured to determine the output variables for the control process arises directly in the center of the joining process.
- An expedient embodiment of the invention provides that, in the case of spectrally resolved measurement, emission light for one or more spectral lines, each of which is assigned to light-emitting elements in the plasma, is measured spectrally separately, and spectrally resolved measurement signals are generated which are transmitted to the evaluation device as part of the measurement signals , In this way, the energy input in the joining process can be regulated directly as a function of the detection of spectral lines for certain light-emitting elements in the region of the plasma.
- the method steps for spectrally resolved measurement of emission light, for generating measurement signals for the measured emission light, for processing the measurement signals and for coupling the control signals in real time into the energy source for the energy input during the melting phase in the metal shielding gas welding process are preferably carried out , In this way it is possible to regulate the energy input in response to light emission during the melting phase in real time within the course of the melting process.
- a further refinement of the control process is achieved in a preferred embodiment of the invention in that the emission light from the plasma is measured in a time-resolved manner and the associated time-resolved measurement signals are generated which are transmitted to the evaluation device as part of the measurement signals.
- the spectrally resolved measurement is supplemented by information about the temporal behavior of the emission light from the plasma.
- the energy input in the metal-inert gas welding process is controlled with a predetermined time delay after the measurement signals have been generated.
- the regulation depending on the spectral information about the emission light is here by supplemented by adding a time dependency of the regulation of the energy input on the time of occurrence of certain measurement signals.
- the time-resolved measurement signals are used to determine the predetermined time delay.
- the time-delayed regulation of the energy source for controlling the energy input takes place not only in dependence on the spectrally resolved measurement signals, but also on the time-resolved measurement signals.
- the energy input into the metal shielding gas welding process is regulated in one embodiment of the invention, i. H. the energy input is reduced. This can prevent an excessive energy input from occurring after the occurrence of a certain event during the welding process, which can be demonstrated by means of the spectroscopic measurements.
- the procedure for regulating the energy input can advantageously be used both in connection with a pulsed short-arc welding process and with a pulsed arc welding process.
- the energy input for detaching a drop during melting is reduced to a minimized energy input.
- the energy input during melting is reduced to a minimized energy input at which droplet detachment does not occur.
- the optical measuring device has an optical fiber for guiding the emission light away from the plasma to the dispersion component for spectrally decomposing the emission light includes.
- the emission light can be detected from the plasma in the immediate vicinity of the joining location, whereas the evaluation of the measuring light can be carried out remotely from this location.
- the optical detector can be configured for time-resolved measurement of the emission light from the plasma and / or for spectrally separated measurement of one or more spectral lines, each of which is assigned to light-emitting elements in the plasma.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an arrangement for performing a method for controlling an energy input in a metal shielding gas welding process in real time.
- Fig. 3 is a graphical representation for measurement signals as a function of time for a copper and an argon emission line.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement in which a control circuit for regulating an energy input in a metal shielding gas welding process (MSG welding) is implemented in real time.
- a welding torch 1 which is connected to an energy source 3 via an electrical feed line 2, the thermal energy required for the joining process is generated.
- the welding torch 1 is also usually connected to a supply for a protective gas, which is not shown in FIG. 1.
- the shielding gas required for the respective welding process is supplied via this feed.
- the energy source 3 is a controllable source for electrical energy, which is transmitted to the welding torch 1 via the electrical feed line 2.
- Energy is introduced with the aid of the welding torch 1, so that an arc 4 is formed as a special form of a plasma, which can be a pulsed arc or a short arc.
- An electrode 4a is melted by the thermal energy generated.
- components 5a, 5b are to be connected to one another, which are melted in partial areas.
- a measuring head 6 is arranged adjacent to the arc 4 and is connected to an optical detector device 8 via a glass fiber cable 7.
- the measuring head 6 can itself be formed by the end of the glass fiber cable 7.
- emission light from the arc 4 is transmitted to the optical detector device 8.
- the optical detector device 8 has an optical dispersion component 9 with which the emission light from the arc 4 is spectrally broken down.
- This can be, for example, an optical grating or a prism.
- Various optical components are known to the person skilled in the art which are used for spectral emission light. Provision can also be made to select spectral components of the emission light by using light sensors which are only sensitive to selected regions of the spectral region. In addition or alternatively, spectral filters can be used.
- the spectrally decomposed emission light then hits a detector 10 with which measurement signals are generated on the basis of the spectrally decomposed emission light.
- Detector devices which can carry out such a conversion are, for example, diodes or photomultipliers.
- the spectrally decomposed emission light can be converted into measurement signals in a spectrally and / or time-resolved manner.
- Spatially separated reception channels are usually used for the spectral evaluation, which can be formed, for example, of a diode array.
- at least part of the spectrally split emission light can also be measured in a time-resolved manner using the detector.
- the behavior over time of a detected signal for one or more specific wavelengths or one or more specific wavelength ranges is measured from the detected optical spectrum of the emission light.
- the coordination between the dispersion component 9 and the detector 10 can also take place in such a way that only light of a certain wavelength falls on the detector 10, the temporal course of which is then determined.
- the person skilled in the art basically has a choice of various optical measuring devices which can be used in spectroscopic applications.
- the spectrally and possibly time-resolved measurement signals generated with the aid of the detector 10 are then transmitted to an evaluation device 11.
- the evaluation device 11 is, for example, a microprocessor circuit, as is known for a wide variety of applications for detecting and processing measurement signals.
- the evaluation device 11 Depending on the measurement signals received, the evaluation device 11 generates control signals which are then transmitted to the energy source 3 in order to regulate the energy input generated by the energy source 3 and transmitted to the welding torch 1 via the electrical feed line 2.
- the control signals for regulating the energy input can be supplied electrically (analog and / or serial signals), optically (optical fiber) or electromagnetically (radio).
- the regulation of the energy input as a function of the emission light detected with the aid of the measuring head 6 takes place in real time, that is, not only in a subsequent workshop. material transfer cycle or in the course of several subsequent cycles, but during the material transfer cycle currently taking place.
- 3 shows the time course of the intensity for a Cu spectral line at 793nm (20a) and an Ar spectral line at 801nm (20b). 3 shows the time profile of a current pulse (20c) for comparison.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE112004002688T DE112004002688B4 (de) | 2003-11-24 | 2004-11-23 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln eines Energieeintrags bei einem Fügeprozeß |
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DE10355121 | 2003-11-24 | ||
DE10355121.2 | 2003-11-24 | ||
DE102004015553.4 | 2004-03-30 | ||
DE102004015553A DE102004015553A1 (de) | 2003-11-24 | 2004-03-30 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Regeln eines Energieertrags bei einem Fügeprozeß |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102007009572A1 (de) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-08-28 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum Lichtbogenfügen |
EP2123388A1 (de) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-25 | Linde AG | Verfahren zum Kurzschluss-Lichtbogenfügen unter Verwendung eines Gases umfassend 80 bis 95 % Vol. Kohlendioxid |
DE102008045501A1 (de) | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-04 | Gesellschaft zur Förderung angewandter Informatik e.V. | Verfahren zum Regeln eines Energieeintrags eines Pulslichtbogenplasmas bei einem Fügeprozess und Vorrichtung |
EP2409805A1 (de) | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Kurzlichtbogen-Tandemschweißen |
US20120125899A1 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-24 | Kia Motors Corporation | Method and apparatus for the quality inspection of laser welding |
WO2018067390A1 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | System and method for short arc welding |
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US5093553A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1992-03-03 | General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc. | Hydrogen concentration detection in weld arc plasma |
GB2260402A (en) * | 1991-08-24 | 1993-04-14 | Univ Liverpool | Monitoring laser material processing |
US5674415A (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-10-07 | The University Of Chicago | Method and apparatus for real time weld monitoring |
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2004
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US4484059A (en) * | 1982-04-26 | 1984-11-20 | General Electric Company | Infrared sensor for arc welding |
US5093553A (en) * | 1991-06-04 | 1992-03-03 | General Dynamics Land Systems, Inc. | Hydrogen concentration detection in weld arc plasma |
GB2260402A (en) * | 1991-08-24 | 1993-04-14 | Univ Liverpool | Monitoring laser material processing |
US5674415A (en) * | 1996-01-22 | 1997-10-07 | The University Of Chicago | Method and apparatus for real time weld monitoring |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007009572A1 (de) | 2007-02-27 | 2008-08-28 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum Lichtbogenfügen |
EP2123388A1 (de) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-25 | Linde AG | Verfahren zum Kurzschluss-Lichtbogenfügen unter Verwendung eines Gases umfassend 80 bis 95 % Vol. Kohlendioxid |
EP2123387A1 (de) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-25 | Linde AG | Verfahren zum Kurzschluss-Lichtbogenfügen unter Verwendung eines Gases umfassend Helium und Kohlendioxid ; entsprechendes Gas |
DE102008024977A1 (de) | 2008-05-23 | 2009-11-26 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum Lichtbogenfügen |
DE102008045501A1 (de) | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-04 | Gesellschaft zur Förderung angewandter Informatik e.V. | Verfahren zum Regeln eines Energieeintrags eines Pulslichtbogenplasmas bei einem Fügeprozess und Vorrichtung |
WO2010025709A1 (de) | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-11 | Technische Universitaet Berlin | Verfahren zum regeln eines energieeintrags eines pulslichtbogenplasmas bei einem fügeprozess und vorrichtung |
CN102143822A (zh) * | 2008-09-03 | 2011-08-03 | 柏林工业大学 | 用于在接合过程中调节脉冲电弧等离子体的能量输入的方法和设备 |
EP2409805A1 (de) | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Kurzlichtbogen-Tandemschweißen |
DE102010038302A1 (de) | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-26 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Kurzlichtbogen-Tandemschweißen |
US20120125899A1 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-24 | Kia Motors Corporation | Method and apparatus for the quality inspection of laser welding |
US8653407B2 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2014-02-18 | Hyundai Motor Company | Method and apparatus for the quality inspection of laser welding |
WO2018067390A1 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | System and method for short arc welding |
US10695856B2 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2020-06-30 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | System and method for short arc welding |
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