WO2005046724A1 - 血管障害や高血圧症の治療・予防剤、及びそのスクリーニング方法 - Google Patents
血管障害や高血圧症の治療・予防剤、及びそのスクリーニング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005046724A1 WO2005046724A1 PCT/JP2004/016761 JP2004016761W WO2005046724A1 WO 2005046724 A1 WO2005046724 A1 WO 2005046724A1 JP 2004016761 W JP2004016761 W JP 2004016761W WO 2005046724 A1 WO2005046724 A1 WO 2005046724A1
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- Prior art keywords
- uric acid
- urat1
- hypertension
- uptake
- disorders
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
- Y10T436/103332—Bilirubin or uric acid standard or control
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for treating, preventing or treating vascular disorders, hypertension and renal disorders, comprising a drug having an inhibitory action on the uptake of uric acid by URAT1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. It relates to a pharmaceutical composition.
- the present invention provides a method of using a URAT1-expressing cell line in the presence or absence of a test compound to measure the amount of uric acid uptake, the proliferative capacity of cells, and the chemotactic activity of Z or cells.
- the present invention relates to a method for screening an active substance for treating, preventing or treating vascular disorders or hypertension / nephropathy, which comprises measuring the amount of sexual factor produced.
- Hyperuricemia an increase in serum uric acid concentration
- People are well-known for cardiovascular disease and / or have risk factors, so these collateral signs are believed to be related to both.
- Epidemiological studies, such as multivariate analysis, have been conducted to clarify that uric acid is associated with risk factors for hypertension-renal disease and cardiovascular disorders.
- the present inventors have developed a model that causes mild hyperuricemia in rats by administering a pericase inhibitor such as oxonic acid. Interestingly, these hyperuricemia model rats develop hypertension, glomerular vascular disorder, and renal disorder (see Non-patent Documents 16). This mechanism is mediated by the precipitation of crystals inside the kidney V, rather than the renin-angiotensin-based active dendrite compact plaque (densely aggregated in the distal tubule epidermis, It is a group of cells that stains densely and is in direct contact with paraglomerular cells.) It was thought that inhibition of nitric oxide nitrogen synthase was related (see Non-Patent Documents 1-2). The present inventors have reported that this vascular disorder occurs independently of blood pressure (see Non-Patent Document 2).
- uric acid causes vascular disorders independent of blood pressure, and therefore vascular smooth muscle cells
- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
- Non-Patent Document 7 The present inventors further concluded that this pathway is characterized by specific mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) (ERKs), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the A and B chains of PDGF, In addition, it has been identified that the expression of PDGF- ⁇ receptor mRNA is involved (see Non-Patent Documents 2-4).
- MAP kinases mitogen-activated protein kinases
- COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2
- uric acid promotes the expression of monocyte chemotactic factor (MCP-1) in VSMCs, and that hyperuricemia stimulates vascular smooth muscle to stimulate cell proliferation. Stimulating, and furthermore, it has been shown to cause the production of inflammatory cytotoxicity (see Non-Patent Document 8).
- MCP-1 monocyte chemotactic factor
- uric acid enters VSMC and causes such a phenomenon.
- Uric acid receptors have been known until now. Since uric acid is a water-soluble substance, it is necessary to involve some kind of transport carrier in order to pass through the cell membrane and enter smooth muscle cells.
- Non-Patent Document 9 Studies on kidney cells have shown that the uric acid transporter is such that it contains both the organo-on transporter Z exchanger (OAT family) and voltage-sensitive channels (Non-Patent Document 9). 11). Some members of the OAT family, particularly OAT1 and OAT3 (via the basolateral membrane) and URA T1 (via the luminal membrane), mediate urate uptake in kidney cells. It has been clarified (see Non-Patent Documents 12-15). The mechanism of the voltage-sensitive channel Z transporter was also shown, and a putative transporter (UAT) was also identified (see Non-Patent Documents 16-18). In the rat VSMC, which of these channel Z transporters were expressed, whether they functioned, and whether or not they were! In VSMC, it was not known what substance functions as a uric acid transporter!
- URT1 novel clone
- the urate transporter URT1 (urate transporterl) has the ability to transport uric acid and its analogous substances from one to the other via the cell membrane, and further uses an exchange transporter using the other anion of the cell membrane as an exchange substrate ( urate / anion exchanger) (see Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2003-93067
- Non-patent document l Mazzali M, Hughes J, et al., Hypertension, 2001; 38, 1101-1106
- Non-patent document 2 Mazzali M, Kanellis J, et al., Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol, 2002; 282, F991-997
- Non-patent document 3 Watanabe S, Kang DH, et al, Hypertension, 2002; 40, 355-360
- Non-patent document 4 Kang DH, Nakagawa T, et al., J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, 2002; 13, 2888-2897
- Non-patent document 5 Nakagawa T, Mazzali M, et al "Am. J. Nephrol, 2003; 23, 2-7
- Non-patent document 6 Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, et al., Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.,
- Non-Patent Document 7 Rao GN, Corson MA, et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1991; 266, 8604-8608
- Non-Patent Document 8 Kanellis J, Watanabe S, et al., Hypertension, 2003; 41, 1287-1293
- Non-Patent Document 9 Roch-Ramel F, Guisan B, et al., J. Pharm.Exp.Ther., 1997; 280, 839-845
- Non-Patent Document 10 Roch-Ramel F, Werner D, et al., Am. J. Physiol.Renal Physiol, 1994; 266, F797-F805.
- Non-patent literature ll Knorr BA, Beck JC, et al., Kidney Int., 1994; 45, 727-736
- Non-patent literature 12 Sekine T, Cha SH, et al "Eur. J. Physiol, 2000; 440, 337-350
- Non-patent document 13 Cha SH, Sekine T, et al "Mol. Pharmacol, 2001; 59, 1277-1286
- Non-patent document 14 Kimura H, Chairoungdua A, et al., Nature, 2002; 417, 447 -452
- Non-Patent Document 15 Motohashi H, Sakurai Y, et al "J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, 2002; 13, 866-874
- Non-Patent Document 16 Lea Pinto E, Cohen BE, et al "J. Membrane. Biol, 1999; 169, 13-27
- Non-Patent Document 17 Lea Pinto E, Tao W, et al "J. Biol. Chem., 1997; 272, 617-625
- Non-Patent Document 18 Lipkowitz MS, Leal-Pinto E, et al, J. Clin.Invest., 2001; 107, 1103-1115
- the present invention elucidates the mechanism of uptake of uric acid in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), clarifies the transport system involved in the uptake of uric acid, and uses drugs involved in the transport system. It aims to provide therapeutic, preventive and therapeutic agents for new vascular disorders and hypertension and renal disorders. Another object of the present invention is to provide a new screening system for treating, preventing, and treating vascular disorders and hypertension / nephropathy using these transport systems.
- VSMC vascular smooth muscle cells
- URAT1 the uric acid transporter URAT1 which was conventionally thought to be expressed only in the kidney, is also expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells at both the RNA level and the protein level. In addition, it was proved experimentally.
- URAT1 plays an important role as a transporter of uric acid in the same area, that is, it exists on the luminal side of the renal proximal tubule and regenerates uric acid.
- URAT1 is also present in vascular smooth muscle cells, and is involved in the transfer of uric acid from blood to smooth muscle cells.
- the present invention relates to the action of URAT1 to take up uric acid, such as a URAT1 inhibitor or blocker.
- uric acid such as a URAT1 inhibitor or blocker.
- Vasculopathy or hypertension ⁇ renal disorder more specifically vasculopathy or hypertension induced by hyperuricemia ⁇ treatment of renal disorder , A pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment.
- the present invention measures the uptake of uric acid using a URAT1-expressing cell line, such as a cell line that stably expresses the URAT1 gene, in the presence or absence of a test compound.
- a URAT1-expressing cell line such as a cell line that stably expresses the URAT1 gene
- the present invention relates to a method for screening an effective substance for treating, preventing or treating a vascular disorder or hypertension / renal disorder.
- the present invention measures the proliferation ability of a cell using a cell line that expresses URAT1, such as a cell line that stably expresses the URAT1 gene, in the presence or absence of a test compound, using the cell line.
- the present invention relates to a method for screening an effective substance for treating, preventing or treating vascular disorder or hypertension / renal disorder.
- the present invention provides a method for monocyte chemotaxis of cells using a cell line that expresses URAT1, such as a cell line that stably expresses a URAT1 gene, in the presence or absence of a test compound.
- the present invention relates to a method for screening an effective substance for treating, preventing or treating vascular disorders or hypertension / nephropathy, which comprises measuring the production amount of a dangling factor.
- the present inventors first examined the uptake of urate in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).
- VSMC vascular smooth muscle cells
- vascular smooth muscle cells Urate uptake in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was tested under polarized or non-polarized conditions.
- the uptake of 20 M 14 C urate in VSMC was measured for 120 minutes in either uptake solution under polarized conditions (HE PES saline solution) or under unpolarized conditions (100 mM KC1 uptake solution).
- the uptake of C-urate was measured at each time (minutes). The measurement results are shown as the standard deviation of the mean of three pairs. The results are shown in FIG. 1.
- the vertical axis of FIG. Indicates the amount of 14 C urate uptake (CPM), the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes), and the open squares (ports) in FIG.
- the ratio (%) of the uptake amount of 14 C-urate when the uptake amount of 14 C-urate in the absence of is defined as 100%, and the horizontal axis shows the concentration of cold urate (mgZdL).
- the asterisk (*) in 2 indicates a significant difference (p ⁇ 0.05), indicating that the concentration of cold urate was As it rose, it was found that 14 C urate uptake in 5 minutes was effectively competing, which was due at least in part to the uptake of urate in VSMC by the transport system. Show me! /
- Non-Patent Document 9-11 This increased uptake in non-polarized cells (see Figure 1) indicates the presence of a voltage-sensitive transporter.
- Figure 3 shows the inhibition of incorporation of 14 C urate by Purobe Neshido shows inhibition of uptake of 14 C urate according to FIG Habe Nzuburomaron.
- the vertical axis in FIGS. 3 and 4 indicates the “C-urate concentration” when the uptake of 14 C-urate in the absence of probenecid (FIG. 3) or ventsbromalone (FIG. 4) is defined as 100%.
- the horizontal axis in Fig. 3 shows the concentration of probenecid (mM), and the horizontal axis in Fig. 4 shows the concentration of Benzbromarone ( ⁇ ).
- An asterisk (*) indicates that there is a significant difference (0.05).
- FIG. 6 shows the competition of 14 C urate uptake by lactate.
- PAH Fig. 5
- FOG. 6 when the lactate (FIG. 6) is defined as 100% uptake of 14 C urine salts in the absence, of 14 c urate uptake
- M concentration of PAH
- M concentration of lactate
- An asterisk (*) in FIGS. 5 and 6 indicates that there is a significant difference (p ⁇ 0.05).
- the uptake of uric acid in VSMC is well known as an inhibitor of the organic A-on transporter (OAT) family, and is reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by probenecid or venzbromalone.
- OAT organic A-on transporter
- its uptake is inhibited by the presence of PAH. It is weakly inhibited by the presence of lactate. Therefore, the uric acid transport system in VSMC is considered to have affinity for substrates such as PAH and lactate.
- VSMCs are also electronegative for extracellular fluids. This membrane potential favors the transport of uric acid in voltage sensitive transporters.
- the actual degree of electrochemical motive force in the uptake of uric acid is significant because the concentration of uric acid in cells has not been measured.
- the measurement results are shown as the mean standard deviation (CPM) of three pairs.
- the results are shown in FIG. 7 (for probenside) and FIG. 8 (for benzbromarone), respectively.
- the vertical axis in FIGS. 7 and 8 indicates the incorporation amount of 3 H-thymidine (CPM), and the horizontal axis indicates the concentrations of uric acid and each inhibitor.
- the two asterisks (**) in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 indicate that there is nothing, and that there is a significant difference (P ⁇ 0.05) with respect to the time (unstimulated) case.
- (*) Indicates that there is a significant difference (p ⁇ 0.05) from the presence of 3 mg ZdL of uric acid.
- uric acid increased 3 H-thymidine uptake in rat VSMC, and this increase in 3 H-thymidine uptake by uric acid was concentration-dependent due to the presence of probenecid. Was inhibited. The presence of probenecid alone, in the absence of uric acid, exerted little effect on cell growth. Similar observations were made with benzbromarone (see Figure 8).
- FIG. 9 shows the results when the inhibitor was probenecid.
- Figure The vertical axis of 9 shows the growth inhibition rate (%) of VSMC, and the horizontal axis shows the inhibition rate (%) of uric acid uptake.
- uric acid induces the production of MCP-1 (see Non-Patent Document 8).
- the production of MCP-1 in VSMC was tested.
- MCP-1 appearing in the culture supernatant when rat VSMC was cultured for 24 hours was measured by ELISA.
- the measurement was performed for the case where uric acid (UA) was present at 3 mg / dL, the case where probenecid ImM was present in addition to uric acid 3 mgZdL, and the case where only probenecid was present.
- Figure 10 shows the results. The vertical axis in FIG.
- RT-PCR RT-PCR method was used to examine what kind of organic iron-on transporter was present in VSMC.
- rat organic transporter 11-1 OAT1
- organic transporter 11-2 OAT2
- organic union transporter 11-3 OAT3
- RT-PCR was performed using, as primers, a partial sequence of rat homolog (RST1) of uric acid-on transporter 11-1 (URAT-1).
- RST1 a partial sequence of rat homolog of uric acid-on transporter 11-1
- Rat kidney and liver cells were used as a positive control.
- RT PCR products The results of thidium bromide staining are shown in FIGS.
- Figure 11A shows the 434 bp PCR product for OAT1
- Figure 11B shows the 462 bp PCR product for OAT2
- Figure 11C shows the 483 bp PCR product for OAT3
- D in FIG. 11 shows a 460 bp PCR product for RST1.
- the lane at the left end of each drawing shows a ladder of 10 Obp (manufactured by Invitrogen), and the right side shows a kidney (kidney), liver (liver) and VSMC, respectively.
- FIG. 11A PCR products were confirmed only in the kidney.
- FIG. 11B a 462 bp PCR product band was confirmed only in the kidney and liver, and in addition, a 320 bp band was observed in all bands. It was something.
- FIG. 11C PCR products were confirmed only in the kidney and liver.
- FIG. 11D a 460 bp PCR product band was observed only in the kidney, and in addition, a 21 bp band was observed in all bands. This band was non-specific as a result of sequence analysis. As a result, it was not possible to confirm the expression of these transporters in VSMC.
- RT-PCR reverse transcription PCR
- RT PCR was performed in the same manner using total RNA obtained from VSMCs derived from human renal imported arterioles.
- the result is shown in FIG. 14 by a photograph replacing the drawing.
- Lane M at the left end and right end of FIG. 14 shows a DNA ladder of lOObp
- lane + K shows a case using kidney cDNA
- lane K shows a case without kidney cDNA.
- Lane 0 shows that VSMC was not added to the VSMC
- lanes 3, 6, 9, and 12 show that VSMC was produced by uric acid at concentrations of 3 mg Zdl, 6 mg Zdl, 9 mg Zdl, and 12 mg Zdl, respectively.
- the result of the stimulation is shown.
- RT-PCR was performed in the same manner using total RNA obtained from human umbilical vein epithelial cells (HUVEC).
- the result is shown in FIG. 15 by a photograph replacing the drawing.
- Lane M at the left end and right end of FIG. 15 shows a DNA ladder of lOObp
- lane + K shows a result using cDNA of kidney
- lane + Endo shows a result using cDNA synthesized from HUVEC.
- URAT1 was confirmed by the PCR method in the cDNA obtained from HUVEC.
- a cell lysate obtained by homogenizing human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)
- Western blotting was performed with an anti-URAT1 antibody.
- the result is shown in Fig. 16 as a photograph replacing the drawing.
- Lane 0 in FIG. 16 shows VSMC without any addition
- lanes 3, 6, 9, and 12 show VSMC with uric acid at concentrations of 3 mg Zdl, 6 mg Zdl, 9 mg / dl, and 12 mg Zdl, respectively.
- the result when stimulating is shown.
- GAPDH in FIG. 16 indicates a positive control.
- the URAT1 protein was detected by the anti-URAT1 antibody in the cell lysate from which VSMC was obtained, regardless of the presence and concentration of uric acid to be added.
- vascular smooth muscle cells vascular smooth muscle cells
- URAT1 a kind of uric acid transporter.
- Uptake of uric acid in muscle cells causes vascular disorders and hypertension ⁇ renal injury, especially vasculopathy and hypertension induced by hyperuricemia ⁇ renal disorder is uric acid in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC)
- VSMC vascular smooth muscle cells
- the present invention relates to a method for treating, preventing or treating vascular disorders or hypertension / nephropathy, comprising a drug having an inhibitory action on URAT1 uptake of uric acid and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- a pharmaceutical composition is provided.
- Preferred vascular disorders and hypertension ⁇ renal disorders of the present invention include diseases induced by hyperuricemia.
- Uric acid is present in blood as a final degradation product of purine, Presence Because it is involved in uric acid uptake in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), it is not limited to this.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is used as a prophylactic agent, it also provides a pharmaceutical composition as a blood vessel protective agent.
- any substance may be used as long as it has an action capable of reducing the amount of URAT1 uptake of uric acid by the presence of these substances, such as a URAT1 antagonist, a URAT1 inhibitor, and a URAT1 blocker.
- a URAT1 antagonist e.g., a URAT1 antagonist
- a URAT1 inhibitor e.g., a URAT1 inhibitor
- a URAT1 blocker e.g., probenecid, venzbromarone and the like can be mentioned.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is administered by either oral administration or parenteral administration.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is formulated into an administrable form, for example, into a known formulation such as tablets, granules, solutions, and injections.
- known pharmaceutical additives such as excipients, disintegrants, stabilizers and the like can be appropriately compounded.
- the effective dose of the active ingredient in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is appropriately determined depending on the disease state and the patient's condition, but is usually administered in an amount sufficient for uric acid excretion. For example, it can be administered in a range of about L gZkg to 50 mg Zkg per day.
- the present invention also provides a patient in need of treatment, prevention or treatment of vascular disorder, hypertension, or renal disorder, for administering an effective amount of a drug having an action of inhibiting URAT1 uptake of uric acid.
- the present invention provides a method for treating, preventing or treating vascular disorders or hypertension / renal disorders.
- the present invention provides the use of a drug having an inhibitory effect on the uric acid uptake effect of URAT1 for producing a pharmaceutical composition for treating, preventing or treating vascular disorders, hypertension and renal disorders. I do.
- the present invention provides a method for measuring urea uptake in a URAT1-expressing cell line, in the presence or absence of a test compound, in the presence or absence of a test compound.
- a method of screening for an effective substance for the treatment, prevention or treatment of a disease may be a cell of the kidney or a natural cell such as VSMC, but it also has the ability to stably express the gene into which the URAT1 gene has been introduced. You may. More specifically, the screening method of the present invention involves, for example, measuring the amount of uric acid uptake when a test compound is present in a uric acid uptake solution of a cell line expressing URAT1.
- a method for screening an effective substance for treating, preventing or treating vascular disorder or hypertension / renal disorder As a method for measuring the amount of uric acid uptake in the present invention, for example, radiation There is a method using uric acid labeled with a sex isotope, for example, 14 c uric acid.
- the uric acid in this method may be uric acid itself, or may be a urate such as sodium.
- the present invention provides a method for measuring vascular disorders or hypertension, which comprises measuring the proliferative ability of cells using a URAT1-expressing cell line in the presence or absence of a test compound.
- a method for screening an effective substance for treating, preventing or treating renal disorder is provided.
- a cell line expressing URAT1 is preferably one in which cells are proliferated by uric acid or urate.
- the screening method of the present invention measures, for example, the amount of thymidine uptake when thymidine and a test compound are present in a uric acid uptake solution of a cell line expressing URAT1.
- Examples of the method for measuring the amount of thymidine uptake in the present invention include a method using thymidine labeled with a radioisotope, for example, -thymidine.
- the uric acid in this method may be uric acid itself, or may be a urate such as sodium.
- the present invention provides a method for measuring the amount of monocyte chemotactic factor produced by a cell using a cell line expressing URAT1 in the presence or absence of a test compound.
- a cell line expressing URAT1 is preferably one in which cells produce monocyte chemotactic factors such as MCP-1 by uric acid or urate.
- the screening method of the present invention includes, for example, monocytes such as MCP-1 when a test compound is present in a uric acid uptake solution of a cell line expressing URAT1.
- a method for screening an effective substance for treating, preventing or treating vascular disorders, hypertension, and renal disorders which comprises measuring the production amount of a chemotactic factor.
- Examples of the method for measuring the amount of monocyte chemotactic factor such as MCP-1 in the present invention include an ELISA method.
- the uric acid in this method may be uric acid itself, or may be a urate such as sodium.
- the activity of the active ingredient of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can also be confirmed using, for example, a hypertensive model animal such as a spontaneously hypertensive model rat (SHR).
- a hypertensive model animal such as a spontaneously hypertensive model rat (SHR).
- SHR spontaneously hypertensive model rat
- the present invention clarifies, for the first time, the conditions for uric acid uptake in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and the mechanism thereof.
- VSMC vascular smooth muscle cells
- URAT1 plays an important role as a transporter of uric acid in the urine when uric acid in blood moves to smooth muscle cells, and URAT1 is also present in vascular smooth muscle cells. It has been shown to be involved in the transfer of uric acid from the blood to smooth muscle cells, and through this effect it has an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular lesions in hyperuricemia. It is to be.
- uric acid uptake is mediated by the present invention, and according to the present invention, it comprises a drug having an action of inhibiting URAT1 uptake action of uric acid, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and has a vascular disorder, a hypertension, and a renal disorder. It has been possible to provide a pharmaceutical composition for therapy, prevention or treatment.
- the amount of uric acid uptake and the amount of cells of urate are measured using a cell line expressing URAT1, such as a cell line stably expressing the gene for URAT1, in the presence or absence of a test compound.
- a new method for screening for effective substances for the treatment, prevention or treatment of vascular disorders and hypertension ⁇ renal disorders which consists of measuring the proliferative capacity and the amount of monocyte chemotactic factor produced by Z or cells Is provided. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to develop a new antihypertensive drug or a new drug having a protective action by inhibiting vascular degeneration.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of testing the uptake of urate in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) under polarized or non-polarized conditions.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 1 shows the uptake amount (CPM) of 14 C urate, and the horizontal axis shows time (minutes).
- CPM uptake amount
- a white square mark (mouth) indicates the case under non-polarization conditions
- a black diamond mark ( ⁇ ) indicates the case under polarization conditions.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a test of competition with cold urate in the uptake of 14 C urate in rat VSMC.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 2 shows the percentage of “C-urate uptake (%) when the amount of 14 C-urate uptake in the absence of cold urate is 100%.
- the horizontal axis is cold uric acid. Shows the salt concentration (mgZdL).
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of testing the inhibition of 14 C-urate uptake by probenecid in rat VSMC.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 3 shows the percentage of the incorporation of C-urate (%), assuming that the uptake of 14 C-urate in the absence of probenecid is 100%, and the horizontal axis is that of probenecid. Indicates the concentration (mM).
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of testing the inhibition of 14 C-uric acid uptake by benzbromarone in rat VSMC.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 4 indicates the ratio (%) of the uptake amount of C-urate when the uptake amount of 14 C-urate in the absence of benzbromarone is 100%.
- the horizontal axis shows the concentration of Benzbromarone ( ⁇ ).
- Fig. 5 is a graph showing the results of a test of competition of 14C urate uptake by para-aminohippurate (PAH) in rat VSMC.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 5 shows the percentage of the uptake amount of C-urate (%) when the amount of uptake of 14 C-urate in the absence of PAH is defined as 100%, and the horizontal axis shows the amount of uptake of PAH. Indicates the concentration ( ⁇ ).
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of a test of competition of lactate uptake of 14 C urate in rat VSMC.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 6 shows the percentage (%) of 14 c urate uptake when the amount of 14 C urate uptake in the absence of lactate is defined as 100%, and the horizontal axis shows lactate uptake. Indicates the concentration ( ⁇ ).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of measuring the proliferation of VSMC when VSMC was cultured for 24 hours, based on the amount of 3 H-thymidine incorporated.
- the vertical axis in Fig. 7 shows the amount of thymidine uptake (CPM), and the horizontal axis shows the absence of uric acid! (No UA), the presence of 3 mg ZdL of uric acid (UA), and the addition of 3 mg ZdL of uric acid.
- CPM thymidine uptake
- UAM absence of uric acid!
- U 3 mg ZdL of uric acid
- the cases where probenecid is present at 0.1, 0.5 and ImM respectively (UA + 0.1 etc.) and the case where probenecid is present alone (1) are shown.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of measuring the proliferation of VSMC when VSMC was cultured for 24 hours, based on the amount of 3 H-thymidine incorporated.
- the abscissa indicates uric acid not present !, no urine (no UA), uric acid present at 3 mg ZdL (UA), uric acid 3 mg ZdL plus 0.5, 1, and 10 of vanesbromalone M
- the case where each exists (UA + 0.5 etc.) and the case where Venzbromarone is present alone (10) are shown.
- Fig. 9 compares the inhibition rate (%) of probe proliferation of organic ion transport in 24-hour culture with probenecid and the inhibition rate (%) of uric acid uptake by probenecid in 5 minutes. It is a graph which shows the result. The vertical axis in FIG. 9 indicates the growth inhibition rate (%) of VSMC, and the horizontal axis indicates the inhibition rate (%) of uric acid uptake.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of ELISA measurement of MCP-1 appearing in the culture supernatant when rat VSMC was cultured for 24 hours.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 10 indicates the amount of MCP-1 (pg / 1000 cells), and the horizontal axis indicates the case where nothing is present (No UA), the case where 3 mg ZdL of uric acid is present (UA), and the case where 3 mg ZdL of uric acid is present.
- the case where the probenecid ImM exists and the case where only probenecid exists (Prob) are shown, respectively.
- Fig. 11 shows the results obtained by using rat VSMC total RNA, using rat organic-on transporter 11 (OAT1), organic-on transporter 11-2 (OAT2), and organic RT-PCR using the partial distribution sequence of on-transporter 11-3 (OAT3) and uric acid-on-transporter 11-1 (URAT1) as primers, and the results of ethidium bromide staining of the PCR product Is a photograph replacing a drawing.
- Rat kidney and liver cells were used as a positive control.
- 11A shows the case of OAT1
- FIG. 11B shows the case of OAT2
- FIG. 11C shows the case of OAT3
- FIG. 11D shows the case of URAT1, respectively.
- the lane at the left end of each drawing shows a lOObp ladder (manufactured by Invitrogen), and the right side shows a kidney (kidney), liver (liver), and VSMC, respectively.
- FIG. 12 is a photograph instead of a drawing showing the result of performing RNase protection assay to evaluate the expression of UAT (Genebank, accession number: NM 012977).
- the leftmost lane in FIG. 12 shows the probe, the middle four lanes show VSMC, and the rightmost lane shows the liver.
- FIG. 13 is a photograph instead of a drawing showing the result of detection of the uric acid transporter URAT-1 in human aorta-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by RT-PCR.
- FIG. 14 is a photograph instead of a drawing showing the results of detection of the uric acid transporter URAT-1 in cultured smooth muscle cells (VS MC) derived from human renal arterioles by RT-PCR.
- FIG. 15 is a photograph instead of a drawing showing the result of detection of the uric acid transporter URAT-1 in human umbilical vein epithelial cells (HUVEC) by RT-PCR.
- FIG. 16 is a photograph instead of a drawing showing the result of detection of uric acid transporter URAT-1 in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by Western blotting.
- vascular smooth muscle cells used in the following experiments were prepared from rat aortic power (Zhang S, Yang Y, et al, Circulation., 2003; 107, 1539-44). The cells were transformed with Darbecco containing 10% fetal calf serum (FBS), 1% glutamine, and 1% penicillin Z-streptomycin solution (100 units Zml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g Zml streptomycin; GIBCO). The cells were cultured in the prepared Eagle medium (DMEM, GIBCO). The VSMCs were transferred to a 35 mm 6-well culture plate (NUNC) and stored at 37 ° C. in a humidified tissue culture incubator under an atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide and 95% air. The medium was changed every two days. The VSMC used in the experiment was of 5-12 generations.
- FBS fetal calf serum
- glutamine 1%
- penicillin Z-streptomycin solution 100 units Zml penicillin, 100 ⁇ g Zml strepto
- VSMC (4 ⁇ 10 5 cells) were transferred to a 6-well culture plate with 10% FBS-DMEM. One day later, growth was stopped by placing overnight in serum-free DMEM medium. During each experiment, cells and all solutions were maintained at 37 ° C.
- uptake experiments with radioactively labeled urate were performed in the presence of other organic anions, such as cold urate, lactate, para-aminohippurate (PAH), or organic-on-trans.
- the test was performed in the presence of a porter inhibitor (probenecid or benzbromarone).
- the uptake was stopped by rapidly aspirating the media and immediately washing three times with ice-cold PBS.
- the total force blank of the rapidly aspirated, harvested culture solution and cells washed as described above was subtracted.
- the cells were then lysed with 1 ml of IN NaOH for 15 minutes.
- the amount of accumulated 8- 14 C urate in cells was measured example mosquitoes ⁇ cell lysates of 0.
- uric acid uptake experiments were performed in polarized or non-polarized conditions to determine whether urate uptake was voltage sensitive.
- the experimental conditions were the same as those described above, except that the culture solution was different under non-polarized or polarized conditions. Specifically, after starvation for 12 hours, the serum-free medium was removed and replaced with 140 mM NaCl, 4 mM KC1, 2 mM CaCl and ImM
- VSMC (4 ⁇ 10 5 cells) were transferred to a 6-well culture plate with 10% FBS-DMEM and cultured for 24 hours. The cells were then starved in 0.5% FBS-DMEM for 48 hours. To measure DNA synthesis, quiescent VSMCs were stimulated with 3 mg ZdL uric acid containing 1 ⁇ Ci of thymidine for 48 hours. Two hours before harvesting cells, an additional 2 / z CiZm L of 3 H-thymidine was added to each well. Cells were washed three times with ice-cold PBS and lysed with 1 mL of IN NaOH.
- the amount of 3 H-thymidine incorporated into the cells was determined by adding 0.5 ml of cell lysate to 5 ml of scintillation solution. The incorporation of 3 H-thymidine, indicated by CPMZ, was recorded on a solution scintillation counter. In some experiments, experiments were performed in the presence of various concentrations of probenecid or ventsbromalone (organo-on transporter inhibitor). The results are shown in FIGS. In a similar manner, the growth of VSMCs was evaluated using organic ions (lactate and PAH).
- Total RNA was also prepared from rat VSMCs using the RNeasy RNA purification kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA).
- Poly (A) + RNA was isolated using an Oligotex mRNA purification system (Qiagen) and reverse transcribed using random primers in a one-step RT reaction.
- Kidney and liver poly (A) + RNA sold by Clontech (Palo Alto, Calif.) was used as a positive control. Negative control reactions were performed with reverse transcriptase heat inactivation before adding primers to test for DNA contamination.
- a PCR reaction was performed using the following nucleotide sets.
- RST1 (a homolog of a mouse of URAT-1):
- the RT-PCR reaction was performed using Ready-To-Go RT-PCR beads (manufactured by Amersham).
- the first strand cDNA synthesis reaction was performed using pd (N) at 42 ° C for 15 minutes.
- PCR is a cycle of initial denaturation at 95 ° C for 5 minutes, followed by denaturation at 95 ° C for 30 seconds, elution at 55 ° C for 30 seconds, and extension at 72 ° C for 1 minute. For 32 cycles. Samples were stored at 4 ° C. The PCR product was subjected to electrophoresis on a 1.5% agarose gel, and a band having an appropriate molecular weight in the gel was purified using a QIAquick gel extraction kit (Qiagen). These bands were subcloned into a TOPO TA closing vector (Invitrogen).
- the test was performed by the G ADPH-mRNA method using a primer combination consisting of 5′-TACTCCTTGGAGGCCATGTA-3 ′. The result is shown in FIG.
- RNase Protection Atsushi RNase Protection Atsushi (RPA).
- RNase protection assay was performed on 2-4 g of RNA using an RPAsI kit (Trepines Biolabs, Houston, TX). 325 bp of nucleotides up to the 325th position of the rat UAT (Genebank, accession number: NM012977) were subcloned into pcDNA-UAT-EGFP. This plasmid was digested with BamHI and EcoRI, ligated to the plasmid pBluescript, and this plasmid was named pBS-UAT-325. This plasmid was digested with BamHI to form a chain, and a riboprobe (RNA probe) was synthesized using T7 RNA polymerase in the presence of a 32 P [UTP].
- RNA obtained from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) derived from human aorta was reverse-transcribed to synthesize cDNA.
- cDNA PCR was performed using the partial sequence of the urate transporter URAT-1 as a primer.
- Fig. 13 shows the results.
- lanes M on the left and right ends show a lOObp DNA ladder
- lane + K shows a case using kidney cDNA
- lane K shows a case without kidney cDNA.
- Lane 0 shows that VSMC was not added
- lanes 3, 6, 9, and 12 show uric acid at concentrations of 3 mg / dl, 6 mg / dl, 9 mg / dl, and 12 mg Zdl, respectively. Shows the results when VSMC was stimulated.
- PCR was performed in the same manner as in Example 6 using total RNA obtained from VSMCs derived from human renal imported arterioles.
- Lane M at the left end and right end of FIG. 14 shows a DNA ladder of lOObp
- lane + K shows a case using kidney cDNA
- lane K shows a case without kidney cDNA.
- Lane 0 shows that VSMC was not added
- lanes 3, 6, 9, and 12 show uric acid at concentrations of 3 mg / dl, 6 mg / dl, 9 mg / dl, and 12 mg Zdl, respectively. Shows the results when VSMC was stimulated.
- expression of URAT-1 was confirmed by PCR in cDNA obtained from VSMC.
- RNA obtained from human umbilical vein epithelial cells (HUVEC) was PCR performed in the same manner as in Example 6.
- lane M on the left and right ends shows a DNA ladder of lOObp
- lane + K shows a sample using kidney cDNA
- lane + Endo shows a sample using cDNA synthesized from HUVEC.
- URAT-1 expression was confirmed by PCR in cDNA obtained from HUVEC.
- FIG. Lane 0 in FIG. 16 shows the case where nothing was added to the VSMC. The result is shown.
- GAPDH in FIG. 16 shows a positive control.
- the present invention provides a new pharmaceutical composition for treatment, prevention, and treatment of various vascular disorders and hypertension caused by uric acid, and provides a new pharmaceutical composition. It has industrial utility.
- the present invention also provides a method for screening an active ingredient for a new pharmaceutical composition for therapy, prevention and treatment, focusing on the function of URAT1, one of uric acid transporters. According to the method of the present invention, a new antihypertensive drug and a new drug having a protective action by inhibiting vascular degeneration can be developed, thereby increasing industrial applicability.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 is a forward primer for detecting OAT1.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 is a reverse primer for detecting OAT1.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 is a forward primer for detecting OAT2.
- SEQ ID NO: 4 is a reverse primer for detecting OAT2.
- SEQ ID NO: 5 is a forward primer for detecting OAT3.
- SEQ ID NO: 6 is a reverse primer for detecting OAT3.
- SEQ ID NO: 7 is a forward primer for detecting RST1.
- SEQ ID NO: 8 is a reverse primer for detecting RST1.
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EP04799622A EP1698348A4 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2004-11-11 | CURATIVE OR PREVENTIVE REMEDY FOR VASCULAR DISORDERS AND HYPERTENSION AND SCREENING METHOD THEREOF |
US10/579,173 US8236488B2 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2004-11-11 | Method of screening for therapeutic compounds for vascular disorders and hypertension based on URAT1 activity modulation |
JP2005515447A JP4660376B2 (ja) | 2003-11-14 | 2004-11-11 | 血管障害や高血圧症の治療・予防剤、及びそのスクリーニング方法 |
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Cited By (3)
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JP2009294057A (ja) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-17 | J-Pharma Co Ltd | 腎臓尿酸トランスポーター |
WO2015098474A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | 亀田製菓株式会社 | 米タンパク質を有効成分とする血清尿酸低下剤 |
JPWO2016108282A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-29 | 2017-10-19 | 日本ケミファ株式会社 | Urat1阻害剤 |
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PL2217577T3 (pl) | 2007-11-27 | 2015-01-30 | Ardea Biosciences Inc | Nowe związki, kompozycje i sposoby stosowania |
US8242154B2 (en) | 2008-09-04 | 2012-08-14 | Ardea Biosciences, Inc. | Compounds, compositions and methods of using same for modulating uric acid levels |
CN115029351B (zh) * | 2022-06-29 | 2023-12-08 | 江南大学 | 一种shRNA或BACH1缺失巨噬细胞来源的EVs在制备治疗高血压的药物中的应用 |
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WO2002000210A2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-03 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Use of agents capable of reducing uric acid levels for the treatment of cardiovascular disease |
JP2003093067A (ja) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-02 | Hitoshi Endo | 腎臓及び胎盤型尿酸トランスポーターとその遺伝子 |
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DE2555609A1 (de) * | 1975-12-10 | 1977-06-30 | Henning Berlin Gmbh | Pharmazeutisches praeparat zur therapie der hyperurikaemie |
JP2003094067A (ja) | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-02 | Yukie Matsuo | 高架水槽、給水塔の自動維持装置の製造方法 |
-
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WO2002000210A2 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-03 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Use of agents capable of reducing uric acid levels for the treatment of cardiovascular disease |
JP2003093067A (ja) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-04-02 | Hitoshi Endo | 腎臓及び胎盤型尿酸トランスポーターとその遺伝子 |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
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EMONOTO A. ET AL.: "Nyosan transporter to jinsei teinyosan kessho", THE JAPANSES JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY, vol. 51, no. 9, 20 September 2003 (2003-09-20), pages 892 - 897, XP002989330 * |
ENDO H. ET AL.: "Transporter to shikkan", PHARMACIA, vol. 39, no. 5, 1 May 2003 (2003-05-01), pages 431 - 435, XP002989331 * |
ENOMOTO A. ET AL.: "Molecular identification of a renal urate-anion exchanger that regulates blood urate levels", NATURE, vol. 417, no. 6887, 23 May 2002 (2002-05-23), pages 447 - 452, XP002314925 * |
See also references of EP1698348A4 * |
YOKOYAMA H. ET AL.: "Nyosan transporter to toppatsusei jinsei teinyosan kessho", MOLECULAR MEDICINE, vol. 40, no. 7, 25 June 2003 (2003-06-25), pages 762 - 767, XP002989329 * |
Cited By (3)
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JP2009294057A (ja) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-17 | J-Pharma Co Ltd | 腎臓尿酸トランスポーター |
WO2015098474A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | 亀田製菓株式会社 | 米タンパク質を有効成分とする血清尿酸低下剤 |
JPWO2016108282A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-29 | 2017-10-19 | 日本ケミファ株式会社 | Urat1阻害剤 |
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EP1698348A1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
US8236488B2 (en) | 2012-08-07 |
JPWO2005046724A1 (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
JP4660376B2 (ja) | 2011-03-30 |
US20090312415A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
EP1698348A4 (en) | 2008-02-27 |
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