WO2005041634A1 - Mat a grains pour la lutte contre l'erosion - Google Patents

Mat a grains pour la lutte contre l'erosion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005041634A1
WO2005041634A1 PCT/US2004/035935 US2004035935W WO2005041634A1 WO 2005041634 A1 WO2005041634 A1 WO 2005041634A1 US 2004035935 W US2004035935 W US 2004035935W WO 2005041634 A1 WO2005041634 A1 WO 2005041634A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mat
seed
binder
weight percent
fiber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/035935
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English (en)
Inventor
Jeffrey Scott Hurley
Brian E. Boehmer
Joshua D. Crews
James M. Gross
James Edward Willcutt
Barry George Burgess
Henry Edgar Hall
Original Assignee
Bki Holding Corporation
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2005041634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005041634A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
    • A01C1/046—Carrier compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
    • A01C1/044—Sheets, multiple sheets or mats
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/60—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a fiber mat which can be used as an erosion control device, and more particularly to a fiber mat composed of a thermally bonded mixture of wood fibers or agricultural fibers and synthetic fibers, which provides improved absorption of water and better handling when used to protect or deliver seeds.
  • This invention provides an erosion mat that can be produced on a conventional modern airlaid machine with homogeneous thermal bonding and the option of an additional sprayed-on binder, which is an improvement over the existing products in the marketplace.
  • matrix or substrate fiber is air-conveyed to a forming head where it is intimately mixed with synthetic staple fibers including thermoplastic binder fiber, and then is pulled by vacuum onto a continuous moving forming wire or fabric.
  • synthetic staple fibers including thermoplastic binder fiber
  • the web or nonwoven may be consolidated using a compaction roll.
  • Two general types of binders are commonly used in nonwovens such as airlaid nonwovens to provide consolidation and add strength to the nonwoven material, which are a fluid binder, typically an aqueous or synthetic latex or a solution of a polymer, which may be sprayed on the moving web, and bicomponent fiber binders (bico).
  • the typical manufacturing process uses the application of heat in an oven to melt the lower melting sheath component of bico fiber,- or to evaporate the water of an emulsion polymer binder. Since the bonding is throughout the product, web integrity is improved over the partial bonding effected by a heated embossing roll.
  • the sprayed-on binder further aids in dust control and enhances dry tensile strength.
  • seeds are included to form an erosion control seed mat.
  • the typical manufacturing process uses the application of heat in an oven to melt the lower melting sheath component of bico fiber, or to evaporate the water of an emulsion polymer binder. In either case, the heat of the oven greatly reduces the viability of the seeds in the support. It is highly desirous to have a production method for seed mats which does not expose the seeds to any heat.
  • the present invention may be used in a variety of applications involving drainage and erosion control, particularly in regard to facilitating the germination and growth of turf grasses or other vegetation.
  • This improved mat could be used as part of the erosion control system on construction sites, but usually the bare ground is graded, seeded, fertilized, and then covered with an erosion mat or blanket.
  • the erosion-controlling and seed-protecting mat is unrolled over the freshly seeded area where it aids in germination and new shoot growth by holding the seeds in place, maintaining a high moisture level in the soil, and preventing or mitigating the effects of erosion.
  • the wood fiber portion of the mat biodegrades while the plastic mesh portion of the mat photodegrades.
  • the minor amount of synthetic staple fiber in the mat disperses into and becomes a part of the soil.
  • the erosion control feature is provided by a homogeneously-bonded layer of wood fiber while the seeds and fertilizer or other additives are provided by a second layer laminated to the erosion mat.
  • the seed layer would be placed against the prepared bare soil.
  • This material exhibits far superior dry integrity than a popular product currently in the marketplace, has fewer defects such as large holes or gaps in coverage, is better in absorbing water and preventing erosion, and is effective at a much reduced basis weight in the range of from about 100 grams per square meter (gsm) to about 140 gsm, whereas the current materials in the market range from about 180-225 gsm.
  • Reduced weight per square meter translates into savings on shipping charges since a standard truck load of material would cover more ground. Testing in a certified simulated rainfall facility has shown that the mat of the present invention outperforms the mat cunently on the market by a factor of three in soil erosion control and reduces the water runoff by a third.
  • the source of the wood chips is scrap material from other forest products industries, such as, for example, knots and shives from wood pulp manufacturing.
  • a defiberator mechanically separates and sizes the steamed and softened chips into individual fiber bundles.
  • the defibrated wood chips are then dried to a moisture level of about 9-20 percent.
  • green dye may be added before the drying stage.
  • Other sources of fibers such as cotton gin byproducts, also know as cotton gin trash, straw including wheat, rice and oat straw, hay, corn shucks, coconut hulls, jute, bamboo, hemp, kudzu, etc may be thermomechanically refined in the same way as wood chips or may be simply mechanically refined or shredded into fibers useful in this invention.
  • the erosion-controlling mat of this invention is made of thermomechanically defibrated wood fibers in an amount of from about 75 percent to about 95 percent by weight based on the total weight of the product, bicomponent fiber in an amount from about 1 percent to 5 percent by weight based on the total weight of the product, a second synthetic fiber which is a staple fiber, such as a polyester, which does not melt during the processing of the mat and which serves as a diluent for the bicomponent binder fiber.
  • a staple fiber such as a polyester
  • the staple fiber content of the mat is from about 10 percent to about 20 percent by weight based on the total weight of the product.
  • a water soluble or dispersible binder polymer such as a starch, is applied to one or both sides of the product for dust control and to increase dry tensile strength, wherein the total basis weight of the product is from about 100 to about 200 gsm (grams per square meter).
  • the erosion and seed-protecting mat of the aforementioned composition is formed on a reinforcing plastic mesh to greatly increase the tensile strength and improve the ability of the product to be staked or stapled to the earth.
  • the web can be formed around the mesh effectively embedding the reinforcing mesh in the wood fiber web. Since the mesh provides more than enough tensile strength, the amount of bicomponent fiber and non-melting staple fiber mixed with the wood fiber could be reduced to the minimum necessary for handling the unbonded web. The presence of some small denier staple fiber assists in web formation as thermomechanical wood fiber has little tendency to self-entangle. This amount would vary depending upon the processing characteristics of the particular wood fiber mulch and the nature of the airlaid machine being used to produce the erosion mat.
  • the web of wood fiber blended with a minor amount of bicomponent binder fiber has a reinforcing mesh formed in situ by discrete placement of an aqueous binder solution or dispersion or even a molten polymer extruded in strands.
  • An overlapping swirl pattern is one execution of the in situ reinforcing mesh.
  • Any polymer melt, latex, dispersion, or polymer solution capable of forming a strong film would be operable in this method of creating a reinforcing mesh on the airlaid line.
  • the size of an individual strand of the in situ formed mesh could range from as small as 0.1 mm for a molten polymer to as wide as 1.0 cm for a polymer solution or latex.
  • the tensile strength measured on the product would depend on how much of the reinforcing stripe is contained in the cut sample.
  • a refinement of this process would be to reduce the bicomponent fiber in the original composition to about 3 gsm or less and allow the in situ mesh pattern to supply the needed tensile strength for processing, converting, and applying.
  • a suitable thickener or rheo logy-control agent in the formulation.
  • a preferced embodiment of the invention has the erosion mat formed on a special forming wire which creates discrete holes entirely through the mat in a close pattern in which the holes, nominally 5-15 mm across, are approximately 25mm to 100 mm apart across the web.
  • An especially prefened embodiment uses a forming wire with a pattern of occluded spots to block the air flow through the fabric of the forming wire which prevents the deposition of the fibers to create discrete holes in the resulting web while remaining a flat forming wire.
  • the occlusions in the forming fabric can be effected by any means capable of injecting a resin onto and into the fabric or printing a resin on the fabric. Even the application of thin, less than 1.0 mm, self-adhesive dots would accomplish the purpose of this preferred embodiment.
  • the advantage of this approach over adhering protrusions to the wire is that maintenance will be less and wire life will be greater as there are no bumps to wear away.
  • Yet another advantage to modifying the forming wire without raised projections is that the web could be compacted for strength in handling.
  • the compaction roll presses only on the raised dots the web itself sees no pressure and transferring the web across an open draw can be problematic necessitating the dependence upon some entanglement from the synthetic fibers in the recipe and the plastic mesh for the required web strength.
  • the synthetic fiber fraction could be significantly decreased if the web were effectively compacted before transfer from the forming wire.
  • Another especially prefened embodiment of the present invention is having a multi-layer mat in which a seed/fertilizer/additive laminate is topped with an erosion/seed protection layer in a single unitary structure.
  • a prepared slope can be seeded, fertilized, pre-treated with pesticides or other additives, and protected from erosion.
  • the seed laminate contains two or more layers of low wet-strength cellulosic tissue or airlaid.
  • a binder when present, is preferably biodegradable such as a soluble starch.
  • a seed mat layer constructed by other means would also be usable in this unitary structure.
  • the seed and fertilizer were deposited on tissue, sprayed with the latex binder and covered with the dispersible airlaid or if the laminate had been made of two sheets of airlaid or two sheets of tissue.
  • the critical parameter is that the upper and lower layers not impede root growth and shoot penetration.
  • other additives for weed, insect, and disease control could be included in the seed layer.
  • the seed mat used in conjunction with the erosion control mat is cellulose support for seed disclosed in US Serial No. 60/426,562 filed November 15, 2002 and PCT/US03/23154 filed August 23, 2003.
  • a further embodiment of the seed mat portion of this invention is that in situations where erosion is not expected to be an issue, the seed mat layer by itself without the overlying wood, fiber erosion layer would be sufficient to treat bare ground so that in a matter of days, under the right conditions of heat, sun, and moisture, the ground would be covered with new grass.
  • the thermomechanical wood fibers and the synthetic staple fibers are opened, weighed, and mixed in a fiber dosing system such as a textile feeder supplied by LAROCHE S.A. of Cours-La Ville, France.
  • the fibers are air conveyed to the forming heads of the airlaid machine where they are further mixed and deposited on the continuously moving forming wire.
  • plastic netting When plastic netting is used, it is unrolled onto the forming wire ahead of the forming section. Vacuum is applied to the bottom of the forming wire within the forming heads of the airlaid machine to cause the dispersed fibers to settle into a uniform mat.
  • the airlaid mat of fibers passes under a spray bar where the water-based binder is applied and then the mat is carried into a through air dryer to remove the water from the starch binder and to activate the bicomponent fiber.
  • the dry mat passes over a cooling zone and is slit to width and rolled on cardboard cores.
  • a water dispersible airlaid sheet is manufactured by comminuting wood pulp fibers with a hammer mill and air conveying the comminuted fibers to the forming heads of the airlaid machine.
  • the fibrous web is compacted, sprayed with a water soluble binder, preferably one based on starch, dried in the through air dryer, and is rolled up. h a second pass through the airlaid machine, the water dispersible airlaid is unwound at the head of the machine and the selected vegetation seeds and other additives are metered onto the moving web.
  • the web passes under a spray system where it is sprayed with a high solids binder, preferably an ethylene vinyl acetate latex at 40 - 55% solids.
  • a high solids binder preferably an ethylene vinyl acetate latex at 40 - 55% solids.
  • a high solids binder preferably an ethylene vinyl acetate latex at 40 - 55% solids.
  • another sheet of water dispersible airlaid or even a low wet strength wet laid tissue is unwound onto the slightly tacky airlaid to cover and contain the seeds and other additives.
  • the combination passes through compaction rolls and into the through air dryer which is operated without heating to preserve the viability of the live seeds.
  • the seed laminate is then slit to selected width and rolled on cardboard cores.
  • the seed laminate is sprayed with the high solids latex binder and the wood fiber erosion mat is unrolled onto the tacky seed mat and the two pressed together to yield a laminated structure.
  • the erosion mat could be sprayed with binder and the seed mat unrolled onto it.
  • the dry wood fiber and cellulose readily absorb the small amount of moisture from the high solids binder.
  • EXPERIMENTAL Example 1 Preparation of an airlaid erosion mat 169 grams per square meter (gsm) thermomechanically refined aspen, a relatively soft northern hardwood available from Mat Incorporated, Floodwood, MN as Mat-Fiber and 6 gsm of 2 denier by 6 mm Type T-255 bicomponent fiber with a polyethylene sheath and a polyester core made by Trevira, Bobingen, Germany were blended and airlaid directly on the forming wire of a conventional airlaid machine and compacted. The mat was sprayed with 10 gsm of water soluble starch binder,
  • Structurecote® 1887 by Vinamul Polymers of Bridgewater, NJ which had been diluted to 10 percent solids and then passed through a 140°C through-air oven and collected by winding on cardboard cores.
  • the web from the first pass was unwound and the untreated side was sprayed with an additional 10 gsm starch, redried, slit to the final width, and collected on cardboard cores.
  • the mat thickness was approximately 3 mm, and the machine direction (MD) dry tensile ranged from about 400-1000 grams per 25-mm width with the MD wet tensile from 50 to 300 grams per 25 -mm width.
  • MD machine direction
  • Example 2 Forming Erosion Mat on Forming Wire with Different Rubber Protrusions
  • a mat of premium Southern softwood wood fiber mulch from Precision Fibers of Rhonda, NC was formed in a laboratory pad-former on a 36 cm by 36 cm section of forming wire with raised dots made of silicone rubber 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm high, and 6 mm between centers, hereinafter refened to as nubby fonning wire.
  • the density of solid protrusions on the forming wire was approximately 48,000 per square meter.
  • the profiled forming wire was produced by Voith Advanced Concepts, Blackburn, England.
  • the furnish order for the mat was 174 gsm wood fiber, 6 gsm bicomponent binder fiber, 2 denier by 6 mm type T-255 with a polyolefin sheath on a polyester core from Trevira of Bobingen, Germany.
  • the mat was compacted by pressing it with a 12.5 mm thick aluminum plate. Then it was removed from the forming wire and sprayed on each side with 7.5 gsm, solids basis, of water-soluble starch binder, Structurecote® 1887 by Vinamul Polymers of Bridgewater, NJ.
  • the web was heated in a 140°C convection oven to remove the added water and fuse the bicomponent fiber.
  • Example 2 An mat of wood fiber having the same composition as in Example 2 A was formed on the modified wire and came off the wire with a clear pattern of holes. C. Another similar piece of standard forming wire was modified by adhering 12 mm by 6 mm high tapered square rubber feet of the type typically used on small electronic appliances. Spaced 20 mm apart. As in 2B, the produced web of wood fiber had clearly defined holes.
  • the products of Example 2 are described in Table 1 Table 1-
  • the plastic mesh was type RO 4035 by Conwed Plastics of Minneapolis, MN, and had a basis weight of about 7 gsm.
  • the mesh was made of ultra-violet light- degradable strands of polypropylene fused into a rectangular mesh with openings of 1.9 cm X 3.175 cm (0.75 X 1.25 inches).
  • Soluble starch binder, Stracturecote® 1887 was sprayed on the web at 10 gsm, solids basis, to reduce dusting and on the mesh side for attachment of the mesh. Dry tensile was found to be about 5700 grams per 25 mm and the wet tensile 2900 grams per 25 mm. The thickness was approximately 3 ' mm.
  • Example 4 Erosion Mat with In situ-formed Mesh
  • the product of Example 1 was treated with an ethylene-vinyl acetate latex, Airflex® 192 by Air Products of Allentown, PA, applied in a nanow 1.0 cm stripe in swirl or S patterns about 5-10 cm between stripes and dried in the oven.
  • Example 5 Pilot Trial Nubby Forming Wire
  • the forming wire installed on the airlaid machine had a tight pattern of raised rubber dots 4 mm diameter, 2 mm high, and 6 mm between centers of the dots for approximately 48,000 solid protrusions per square meter.
  • the wire was produced by Voith Advanced Concepts, Blackburn, England.
  • the composition of the airlaid erosion mat was 15 percent by weight synthetic fiber , which was an 80/20 blend of 6 denier by 4 mm polyester fibers available as T224 by KoSa, Salisbury, NC and 2 denier by 6 mm bicomponent fiber available as T255 from Trevira, Bobingen, Germany, 75.5 percent by weight premium Northern hardwood wood fiber mulch, Ecofibre by Canadian Forest Products Ltd. Panel and Fibre Division, New Riverside, BC, Canada, 5.5 percent starch binder, Stracturecote® 1887 by Vinamul Polymers of Bridgewater, NJ, and 4.0 percent by weight plastic reinforcing mesh, 7 gsm polypropylene available as RO 4035 from Conwed Plastics of Minneapolis, MN.
  • the blend of synthetics was necessary with the particular pilot equipment used to get the actual bicomponent fiber content in the product down to about 3 percent by weight of the total mat.
  • the polyester fiber is used as an inert extender so the small amount of bicomponent fiber can be metered more precisely.
  • the starch solution was diluted to 10 percent solids to reduce the viscosity enough for spraying.
  • the through- air oven was adjusted to 140°C to minimize the shrinkage of the plastic netting upon which the mat is fonned.
  • the product was collected and passed through the system a second time to spray binder on the original forming wire side. Three basis weights were produced, 120 gsm, 150 gsm, and 180 gsm.
  • Example 6 Pilot Trial Custom Forming Wire
  • the wood fiber feed stock used in Example 5, and the plastic netting from Conwed Plastics was used to form erosion mat on a standard forming wire (Albany International Corp., Albany, NY) modified by sticking on hemispherical 9.5 mm diameter by 3.8 mm high rubber bumpers in an alternating pattern 3.81 cm (1.5 inches) apart in the cross direction and 4.13 cm (1.625 inches) in the machine direction.
  • the button density was approximately 800 per square meter.
  • the rubber bumpers were part number BS-12DCLR obtained from Bumper Specialties Inc. of West Deptford, NJ.
  • Example 7 Pilot Trial Custom Forming Wire
  • the forming wire of Example 6 was modified by extruding drops of silicone caulking compound onto the forming fabric and pressing them into the wire in a small pattern of 18-mm diameter solid circles. The rubber bumpers were removed in the area sunounding the occluded spots making that portion of the web unique and visible during the slitting operation.
  • Example 6 When a 120-gsm erosion mat was formed on this wire, little or no fiber was deposited on the 18-mm diameter spots. The occluded fabric actually produced holes in the web, which at 10 mm in diameter, were smaller than the size of the occlusion.
  • the product of Example 6 was tested on a 2:1, horizontal run versus vertical rise, test slope and compared to bare dirt and a commercially available embossed mat as control. The results after two 30 minute periods of 12.7 cm/hr (5 in./hr) simulated rainfall are shown in Table 2. Each test plot was 0.61 m (2 feet) by 6.1 meter (20 feet) long by 0.3 meter (1 foot) deep. The erosion mat of Example 6 had less soil loss and less water runoff than the control. Less water runoff means better absorption of rainwater into the soil under the mat. Compared to the bare dirt, the erosion mat of Example 6 had much less soil loss and comparable water runoff. Table 2- Erosion Test
  • Example 8 Seed Mat with Erosion/protection Layer To illustrate the preparation of an improved grass seed mat, comminuted Kraft
  • Southern softwood pulp available as FOLEY FLUFFS® from Buckeye Technologies of Memphis, TN was airlaid as a 55 gsm web.
  • the web was compacted and sprayed on the topside with 4.2 gsm (grams binder solids per square meter of airlaid web) of a soluble starch binder, Structurecote® 1887 by Vinamul Polymers, Bridgewater, NJ, and dried by passing through a 150°C through-air oven.
  • This starch bonded airlaid was unwound with the original forming wire side, the unbonded side, up at the front of the airlaid machine, and 18 gsm (3.7 lbs/1000 sq. feet) of granular fertilizer,
  • the metering devices used for grass seed and fertilizer were Drop Spreaders, Scotts® of Marysville, OH, AccuGreen® 1000TM, mounted between the forming heads such that the wheels were in contact with and driven by constant speed rolls.
  • the spreaders were set to deliver the prescribed amounts of materials using a stopwatch, catch pan and balance.
  • the airlaid web with its layer of seed and fertilizer was sprayed with 10 gsm solids basis of undiluted, 52 percent solids ethylene- vinyl acetate latex, Airflex® 192 by Air Products Polymers, L.P. of AUentown, PA.
  • the laminate was passed through the unheated through-air dryer and slit to 0.34 meters (13.3 inches). No heat was used to dry the binder, and, therefore, seed viability was not affected.
  • Three lengths of the grass seed laminate were taped edge to edge to make a sheet 1.01 meter wide by 6.1 meter long (40 inches wide by 20 feet long) and sprayed on the tissue side with an ethylene- vinyl acetate latex binder, AF-192, at approximately an add-on of 10 gsm latex solids.
  • a commercial seed protection mat Pennington Seed Starter MatTM by Conwed Fibers, a division of Profile Products, LLC of Buffalo Grove, IL, was pressed onto the seed laminate.
  • the seed protection mat had a basis weight of 200 gsm and is a mat of thermomechanically refined wood fiber pre-mixed with thermoplastic fibers as described in U.S. Patents 5,484,501 and 5,330,828.
  • the material showed high germination and strong shoot growth.
  • the new roots had no difficulty becoming established in the soil as the airlaid separating the seed from the soil lost all integrity when the mat was first soaked with water.
  • the low wet strength tissue and porous erosion mat presented no barrier to the emerging grass shoots.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne, dans un mode de réalisation, un mat de fibres qui comprend : (A) un mélange de fibres contenant : (1) entre environ 60 et environ 90% en poids de fibres de bois produites par voie thermomécanique, (2) entre environ 0,5 et environ 5% en poids de fibres de liage, (3) éventuellement, entre environ 0,1 et environ 30% en poids de fibres discontinues synthétiques ; et (B) entre environ 4 et environ 15% en poids d'un liant polymère soluble dans l'eau ; et (C) éventuellement, un filet en plastique selon une quantité comprise entre environ 2 et environ 6% en poids, tous les pourcentages en poids étant indiqués par rapport au poids total du mat.
PCT/US2004/035935 2003-10-28 2004-10-28 Mat a grains pour la lutte contre l'erosion WO2005041634A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US51518103P 2003-10-28 2003-10-28
US60/515,181 2003-10-28
US53817104P 2004-01-20 2004-01-20
US60/538,171 2004-01-20

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100197183A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Drapela David C Industrial absorbent from cotton regin
CN103556343A (zh) * 2013-11-14 2014-02-05 海安县中山合成纤维有限公司 一种精梳棉、碧卡纤维和大豆蛋白纤维的混纺纱
CN108589032A (zh) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-28 江西创迪科技有限公司 一种育苗基布及其制备方法
WO2018234801A1 (fr) * 2017-06-21 2018-12-27 Jiva Materials Ltd Structure composite
US11512434B2 (en) 2018-07-13 2022-11-29 Paptic Oy Water-dispersible composite structure and method of producing the same

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US5484501A (en) * 1991-01-07 1996-01-16 Conwed Fibers, A Division Of Leucadia, Inc. Method of manufacturing an improved wood fiber mat for soil applications
US5555674A (en) * 1993-07-21 1996-09-17 Charles J. Molnar Sod mats constructed of stable fibers and degradable matrix material and method for propagation
DE19911114A1 (de) * 1999-03-12 2000-09-21 Titv Greiz Fasermatte zur Förderung des Kulturpflanzenwachstums
WO2000067549A1 (fr) * 1999-05-05 2000-11-16 Terraseed Limited Milieu de germination de semences
GB2376402A (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-12-18 Procter & Company The Multi layered seed mat
WO2004008839A2 (fr) * 2002-07-23 2004-01-29 Bki Holding Corporation Support en cellulose pour semences

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WO2000067549A1 (fr) * 1999-05-05 2000-11-16 Terraseed Limited Milieu de germination de semences
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Cited By (10)

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US20100197183A1 (en) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Drapela David C Industrial absorbent from cotton regin
CN103556343A (zh) * 2013-11-14 2014-02-05 海安县中山合成纤维有限公司 一种精梳棉、碧卡纤维和大豆蛋白纤维的混纺纱
WO2018234801A1 (fr) * 2017-06-21 2018-12-27 Jiva Materials Ltd Structure composite
KR20200035014A (ko) * 2017-06-21 2020-04-01 지바 메터리얼스 엘티디 복합재 구조물
US11826992B2 (en) 2017-06-21 2023-11-28 Jiva Materials Ltd Composite structure
KR102658107B1 (ko) * 2017-06-21 2024-04-18 지바 메터리얼스 엘티디 복합재 구조물
CN108589032A (zh) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-28 江西创迪科技有限公司 一种育苗基布及其制备方法
CN108589032B (zh) * 2018-04-11 2020-10-30 江西创迪科技有限公司 一种育苗基布及其制备方法
US11512434B2 (en) 2018-07-13 2022-11-29 Paptic Oy Water-dispersible composite structure and method of producing the same
US11885072B2 (en) 2018-07-13 2024-01-30 Paptic Oy Water-dispersible composite structure and method of producing the same

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