WO2005040741A1 - 分光光度計 - Google Patents
分光光度計 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005040741A1 WO2005040741A1 PCT/JP2004/015899 JP2004015899W WO2005040741A1 WO 2005040741 A1 WO2005040741 A1 WO 2005040741A1 JP 2004015899 W JP2004015899 W JP 2004015899W WO 2005040741 A1 WO2005040741 A1 WO 2005040741A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- gain
- light receiving
- value
- sample
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000555678 Citrus unshiu Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
- G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
- G01N33/025—Fruits or vegetables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
Definitions
- the present invention provides a method of receiving, for each wavelength, of light emitted from a light irradiating unit, which is transmitted through an object to be measured, is separated by a spectroscope such as a prism or a diffraction grating, and is incident on each wavelength.
- the present invention relates to a spectrophotometer for measuring an internal property of an object to be measured based on an obtained charge amount.
- a method for analyzing the internal properties of an object to be measured using a pre-spectroscopic spectrophotometer will be described.
- light from a light source is separated into monochromatic light by a diffraction grating or the like. Irradiate the object to be measured and the reference simultaneously with a half mirror.
- the reflected light or the transmitted light is received by the light receiving element, and the signal of the received light receiving element is logarithmically amplified, and the output is differentially amplified to obtain the absorbance (OD), that is, logarithmically converted.
- the analog data is converted to AZD to obtain spectrum data.
- the amount of transmitted light varies greatly depending on the type, size, maturity, skin, density, etc. of the measured object such as fruits and vegetables. Adjust the exposure time or the frequency of the drive clock for the charge accumulation type line sensor etc. according to the size of the object to be transported, or saturate even if the object with the maximum transmitted light amount passes beforehand.
- the gain of the amplifier circuit is set as described above. For example, when the calibration curve is changed due to a change in the type of DUT, the gain is set at the same time as the type of DUT is changed, and all settings are made while measuring the DUT of the same size.
- the spectrum data is obtained by performing AZD conversion of the analog amount output with the predetermined (constant) gain.
- (1) and (II) are elements that cannot be captured at the same time, and therefore cannot be operated on analog signals.
- quantization ALD conversion
- anti-logging operation is performed digitally
- subtraction such as target-offset is performed. This is complicated and the accuracy is naturally deteriorated.
- the amount of transmitted light is not limited to the size. In particular, depending on the fruits and vegetables, the amount of transmitted light depends on the thickness density of the epidermis, the maturity (internal properties), etc. The exposure time must be constant due to the light-receiving structure of the transport line, etc. Absent.
- noise cancellation including the sensor amplifier circuit system.
- it is difficult to cancel noise equivalent to lZf noise of the amplification system or noise of commercial power frequency components.
- the transmitted light amount generally has a width difference of about 60 times due to the difference in size of about 40 mm to 100 mm and the difference in individual density, skin, etc. Move up.
- the output of the amplifier is not saturated at the maximum point of the transmitted light amount of the spectrum data of mandarin orange where the transmitted light amount is maximum, and it is close to the maximum level of the AZD converter.
- the gain must be set in advance.
- the spectral data of the orange with the smallest transmitted light amount will be the transmitted light value of 1Z60 of the orange with the largest transmitted light amount, and sufficient measurement accuracy will not be obtained.
- the deterioration of the measurement accuracy when performing quantization will be specifically described below.
- Figure 4 shows the wavelength characteristics of mandarin orange (measurement object) with a constant gain and a different amount of transmitted light by a factor of 1 1 Z 60 due to differences in size, skin thickness, etc.!
- the waveform 3A drawn with a solid line at the top is the case where the transmitted light amount is 1 time
- the waveform 3B drawn with a one-dot chain line from the top is the third time from the top when the transmitted light amount is S1Z10 times.
- a waveform 3C drawn by a broken line is a case where the transmitted light amount is 1Z60 times.
- the resolution is 12BIT (0- Using the AZD converter of (4095), if a wave with an amplitude of 0- ⁇ 10 reflected on the sugar was superimposed near 920 nm on the tangerine spectral data, the waveform 3A would be The AZD-converted value of the tangerine having a large amount of transmitted light is 1,000, and when the amplitude is superimposed, a value of 1010-990 is obtained.
- the AZD conversion of the tangerine with a small amount of transmitted light indicated by waveform 3B also around 920 nm Since the value is 1Z10 and the AZD conversion value indicates 101-99, the superimposed wave with an amplitude of less than 10 falls below the minimum resolution of the AZD converter and disappears.
- the absorbance characteristics of an object to be measured that differs by a factor of 60 from the transmitted light amount are subjected to multiple regression, P'L'S, or other analysis processing using the n-th derivative, the measurement accuracy will be significantly degraded. Even if a high-resolution AZD converter is used, there is a corresponding deterioration in the amount of information. When performing quantization, special attention must be paid to the above-mentioned deterioration of the information amount.
- a first detector for detecting a sample signal in a sample side optical path an amplifier for amplifying an output signal of the first detector power
- a second detector for detecting the reference signal and an amplifier for amplifying the output signal of the power of the second detector are provided in the optical path on the reference side, and a means is provided for independently setting the amplification (gain) of the two amplifiers.
- a spectrophotometer has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-8-101121
- Patent Document 1 after light having a light source power is separated by a spectroscope, the light is irradiated on a sample and detected by a detector. Therefore, in order to obtain the wavelength characteristics of the sample, wavelength scanning must be performed by rotating a dispersion element such as a grating used in a spectroscope, and the wavelength characteristics cannot be obtained quickly.
- the present invention irradiates a sample with light having a light source power, splits the transmitted light with a spectroscope, and arranges a light receiving element at a position where the split light of each wavelength component reaches. The wavelength characteristics of the sample are obtained without wavelength scanning using a group of light receiving elements.
- a small and inexpensive charge-integrated light-receiving element group is used as the light-receiving element group, and weak light (a small amount of light) transmitted through the sample is detected by utilizing the integration effect due to charge accumulation, The wavelength characteristics of the sample are obtained with a high SZN ratio.
- the noise reduction in the analog circuit is performed by the zero compensation circuit provided immediately before the AZD converter, and the AZD conversion is performed at an appropriate analog level, thereby further improving the SZN ratio.
- Patent Document 1 when determining the amplification degree of the amplifier, the low level threshold and the high level threshold are set in advance, and the gain of the amplifier is determined so that the photometric value falls between the low level threshold and the high level threshold during photometry. . Therefore, if an optimal gain is set for a wavelength characteristic that changes continuously, the value should be a continuous value with a change in the wavelength, but the method described in Patent Document 1 has a discontinuous value. I can only obtain a certain value.
- a sample light receiving section and a main light receiving section are provided, an analog signal from the sample light receiving section is compared with a predetermined reference value, and a variable gain is calculated based on the calculation result.
- the gain of the type exponential amplifier is set, the value of the AZD converter is the mantissa, the gain (gain) of the variable gain type exponential amplifier is the base, the set value is the exponent, and the amount of transmitted light is the mantissa X the exponent
- the gain can be set to a continuous optimum value within the range of digital resolution of the variable gain type exponential amplifier.
- the present invention seeks to solve the problem in non-destructive inspection of online-type fruits and vegetables using near-infrared light or the like. It is possible to respond to changes in transport speed that do not cause the data level to be saturated or too small for the DUT whose transmitted light amount differs greatly due to differences, differences in size, etc., resulting in high throughput and high accuracy.
- the aim is to provide a spectrophotometer that can perform stable measurements.
- the main patterns of the wavelength characteristics of the DUT are known, such as the maximum to minimum values of the amount of transmitted light, wavelengths highly correlated with the size and sugar, etc. Can be predicted. Therefore, it is possible to prepare at a parameter level such as a necessary correction function and a constant of the wavelength characteristic, and a variable range of the gain in the amplifier circuit can be determined in advance at the design stage.
- the floating-point value of the digital operation is much higher than the accuracy of the hardware system.
- the analog system performs low-noise shading, expresses the resolution of the analog circuit to the maximum on digital, and automatically adjusts the sensitivity ( By having the (auto gain) function, a spectrophotometer with high resolution, high dynamic range, and low cost can be provided. If you explain that below,
- the spectrophotometer of the present invention provides a light irradiating means for irradiating light, and, among the irradiating light of this light irradiating means, a spectroscope such as a diffraction grating which transmits through an object to be measured.
- a main light receiving section having a charge storage type light receiving element group for receiving the light that has been further dispersed and incident for each wavelength, converting the light into a charge amount, and storing the charge;
- a sample light receiving unit for storing and reading out charges of a specific wavelength or a specific wavelength range, a preamplifier and a drive circuit of the main light receiving unit and the sample light receiving unit, and a gain can be changed by a digital command.
- a variable gain type amplifier circuit and at least a final stage of the analog circuit section in order to sequentially take the zero points of all the amplification systems immediately before sequentially reading the electric charges accumulated in the pixels of the main light receiving section and the sample light receiving section.
- a zero point compensating circuit and an AZD converter for converting an analog voltage of the zero point compensating circuit to a digital value are provided, and the electric charges stored in the main light receiving section and the sample light receiving section are read during measurement.
- the analog voltage from the light receiving section for sample is applied to the variable gain type amplifier circuit set to a low gain where it is clear that the maximum point of the wavelength characteristic in a specific wavelength or a specific wavelength range is not saturated!
- the amplified analog voltage is passed through the zero point compensating circuit, then AZD-converted by the AZD converter, and the digitally converted digital value is read from the main light receiving unit card and finally read.
- the maximum value of the wavelength characteristic in the required wavelength or wavelength range is not saturated, and the optimal value is set so that the effective value of the digital value is not reduced.
- Digital comparison means for digitally comparing with a predetermined reference value, and calculation processing including a pixel unit correction function for correcting the absorbance characteristics of an object to be measured such as fruits and vegetables prepared in advance when performing the digital comparison calculation Means for setting the gain of the variable gain type amplifier circuit based on the calculation result of the digital comparison and calculation means, and a group of electric charges accumulated in the main light receiving unit in order of pixels.
- the prefix And a digital data reading means for obtaining wavelength characteristics by reading as digital data through the width amplifier and the drive circuit, the variable gain amplifier circuit, the zero point compensation circuit, and the AZD converter.
- a light incident window is arranged in a specific order light region of the diffraction grating so that a specific wavelength near the maximum value of the transmitted light amount characteristic of the DUT enters, and a charge storage type light receiving section is provided.
- a means for guiding light with an optical fiber near the pixel position at the start of reading of the element group, or a photodiode or a photodiode array is provided at a position of a light entrance window in a specific order light region of a diffraction grating.
- the specific wavelength at which light absorption by moisture is the lowest that is, the wavelength near the maximum value of the transmitted light amount characteristic of the measured object, indicates the maximum value of the waveform, and this point approximates the predetermined value.
- An exponential type (amplifying circuit) is used for the (digital setting) variable gain type amplifying circuit, and the value of the AZD converter is used as a mantissa, and the setting value of the (digital setting) variable gain type exponential amplifying circuit is set.
- the amount of transmitted light is represented by the mantissa part X exponent part as the exponent part (the amplification factor of the circuit is the base and the exponent is the set value).
- an amplifier and an AZD variable are used to simply set the signal to the required level, and the input level is set to the value of the AZD variable. This means that only the mantissa is used.
- the mantissa part (AZD variable part) and the exponent part (variable gain type exponential amplifier circuit part) are divided, and the amount of transmitted light is represented by the mantissa part X exponent part.
- the AZD conversion value (A) the maximum gain of the variable gain type exponential amplification circuit section is (G), the digital resolution is (Nm),
- the present invention ensures that the value (A) of the mantissa part (AZD conversion) due to the difference in the amount of transmitted light of the object to be measured is always a sufficient number of significant digits (appropriate value), that is, the number of significant digits that can be measured.
- the exponent (N) of the exponent part is set by comparing the value of the light-receiving part for sample to be measured with the reference value. At this time, the bottom (G) of the exponent part is the maximum gain of the variable gain type exponential amplifier circuit.
- the mantissa deviation is determined by the exponent resolution (Nm), and the dynamic range is (AXG).
- the above method effectively maximizes the resolution of the analog system by effectively incorporating floating point arithmetic processing used in exponential arithmetic of digital arithmetic, which is much more accurate than the resolution and dynamic range of the analog system.
- the dynamic range and SZN ratio of the light-receiving element can be extracted to the limit.
- the reading of the main light receiving section when performing a comparison operation between the value obtained from the sample light receiving section and the reference value, an arithmetic processing including a pixel unit correction function is performed, and the reading of all the pixels is sequentially performed.
- the gain setting is performed by giving an arbitrary coefficient or the like to the variable gain type exponential amplifier circuit.
- the absorbance is ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ Equation 3.
- d optical path length
- c concentration
- ⁇ absorption intensity (molar absorption coefficient) at a specific wavelength
- ⁇ wavelength.
- the absorbance obtained by the spectrophotometer is the level of the pixel corresponding to the wavelength, and if the pixel is P,
- the target is an absorption waveform obtained when the light source is transmitted through the object to be measured. Depending on the transport mechanism, it contains a lot of sneak light.
- Ir (p) Reference, corresponds to I (p), there are 10 5 times that of It (p), wavelength characteristic flat
- Id (p) Offset, which is the basis for It (p) and Ir (p), with all signal amplification values including the dark current of the sensor with zero light as the offset value.
- Gb A gain coefficient that is set in the variable gain index amplifier circuit to obtain the optimal reference and offset value.
- Gk (p) A pixel-unit correction function, for example, to increase the gain in the low-level region corresponding to the wavelength characteristic of the device under test, that is, to set 1 near the maximum point of the amount of transmitted light in the wavelength characteristic of the device under test.
- a function or the like based on a predetermined coefficient of data group power is prepared, and the result of multiplication with Ga is sequentially set in the variable gain type exponential amplifier circuit when reading pixels of the sensor.
- a level of a specific wavelength around 820 nm is measured by a sample light receiving unit, and a digital value obtained by an AZD converter is measured.
- the gain of the variable gain amplifier circuit is set by performing a comparison operation with a reference level determined to secure a sufficient number of significant digits required to perform
- noise in the analog circuit is reduced, and AZD conversion is performed with an appropriate analog level.
- An exponential amplifier is used for the variable gain amplifier, the value of the AZD converter is used as a mantissa, and the variable gain exponential amplifier is used as an exponent. Value), the transmitted light amount (spectral data) is represented by the mantissa part X exponent part.Therefore, it is not necessary to find the optimal gain by complicated calculation, and the deviation of the mantissa part due to the difference in the transmitted light amount is exponential. Determined by the resolution of the unit. As a result, the AZD-converted data group can always obtain stable and sufficient significant figures and significant digits, and can obtain accurate data.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an arrangement of a spectrophotometer for measuring the internal properties of fruits and vegetables.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view in partial cross section showing a specific structure inside a spectrophotometer.
- FIG. 3 is a control block diagram.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between wavelength and transmitted light amount.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a plan view showing a line sensor and a sample light receiving section
- FIG. 5 (b) is a plan view showing a line sensor and another sample light receiving section.
- CPU1 Central processing unit
- FIG. 1 and 2 show the specific configuration of a spectrophotometer for measuring the sugar content, acidity, etc. of a fruit or vegetable 5 as an object to be measured, and the transmission of the fruit or vegetable 5 from a light irradiation means 4 such as a halogen lamp.
- a line sensor that is a main light receiving section that has a charge storage type light receiving element group that receives the separated primary light ⁇ 1 (600 nm)- ⁇ 3 (100 nm) for each wavelength, converts it to electric charge, and accumulates it.
- optical fiber optical fiber having a light receiving window 11A positioned at one end so that the amount of light near ⁇ 4 (820 nm), which is the secondary light of ⁇ 2 (820 nm), can be read out as a charge amount.
- 11 and this optical fiber 11 Guide the end to the first read pixel (0) near the line sensor 10, so as to obtain the sample light as a sample-receiving section 11B.
- Reference numeral 12 shown in FIG. 1 denotes a photoelectric light-emitting unit 13 which is a photoelectric light-receiving unit for receiving as much light as possible, and the light from the light-emitting unit 13 is blocked by fruits and vegetables 5 transferred by a belt conveyor 14.
- Reference numeral 15 shown in FIG. 1 is a rotary encoder for detecting the rotation speed and the like of the belt conveyor 14, the number of pulses detected by the rotary encoder 15, and the fruits and vegetables in the photoelectric type light emitting and receiving units 12 and 13.
- the rotary encoder 15 and the photoelectric transmitter / receiver 12, to obtain the conveying speed of the belt conveyor 14, the size of the fruits and vegetables 5, the reading timing of the fruits and vegetables 5, the exposure time of the line sensor 10, etc. 13 (These two units are referred to as the conveyor speed
- the power detection signal is given to CPU1 and CPU2 described later.
- 29 shown in FIG. 2 is an opening / closing actuator for reference and offset.
- the light L1 due to wraparound, light reflected from the fruits and vegetables, or scattered light is taken into the condensing lens 6 described above.
- N shown in FIG. 2 is the light receiving window 1 for the sample.
- An adjustment screw for adjusting the light receiving position of 1B is an adjustment screw for adjusting the light receiving position of 1B.
- the level (reference value) necessary to make the maximum value of the pixel data of the first read pixel data of the line sensor 10 uniform is also calculated, and the values after the pixels (0, 1, 2, 3) of the sample light receiving unit are calculated.
- Gain correction is applied to the pixels (4, 5,..., N) of the main light-receiving unit in pixel units, and the gain for each pixel is set in the variable gain exponential amplifier circuit sequentially.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a plan view of the light receiving unit using the optical fiber 11 for the sample light receiving unit of FIG. 2 and guiding the sample light to the charge storage type line sensor 10 itself.
- a margin in optical accuracy can be obtained, and a signal of a signal can be obtained by averaging a plurality of pixel signals.
- the SZN ratio can be increased.
- FIG. 5 (b) is a plan view of a light receiving section in which a photodiode D is arranged so that light near the wavelength of 4 (820 nm) is incident similarly to the optical fiber.
- the optical fiber mounting process on the force line sensor that requires the charge-voltage conversion amplifier circuit of the photodiode D, which is the sample light receiving window can be omitted.
- the light receiving position of ⁇ 4 (secondary light) in the photodiode D is close to the installation position of the line sensor 10, and as shown in FIG. Because it can be incorporated into the temperature control block.
- Reference numeral 16 shown in FIG. 2 denotes a radiation fin for dissipating the heat of the Peltier element 16.
- ⁇ 4 second-order light
- a method of using multiple optical fibers using a photodiode array as a photodiode array and selecting an arbitrary wavelength, or having a mechanism to move the photodiode D to an arbitrary position, the incident light part of the optical fiber 11 It is also possible to use a method that combines both of these.
- the arrangement of the pixels (photodiodes) of the line sensor 10 corresponds to the spectrum separated by the diffraction grating 9, and is located from the short wavelength to the long wavelength side from the pixel (0) to the pixel (511). Further, a charge storage type light receiving element group 18 for storing charges corresponding to each spectrum and a preamplifier and sensor driving circuit 19 are provided. The charge storage time and read timing are controlled by CPUs 1 and 2, and an analog signal proportional to the stored charge is output in synchronization with the clock pulses of CPUs 1 and 2. When a photodiode type is used as the sample light receiving section 11, a switch circuit for switching between a circuit similar to the circuit 19 and the line sensor is required.
- one end of the optical fiber 11 is attached near the pixel (0, 1, 2, 3) as a sample light receiving unit as described above, and the other end is on the secondary light of the diffraction grating 9. It is attached at the position of the wavelength and the wavelength of the most transmitted light of the DUT.
- the CPU 1 and 2 calculate the fruit and vegetable size (dimension) and the speed of the belt conveyor 14. With this, the effective charge accumulation time is set, and the line sensor 10 starts the charge accumulation at the time when the optimum reading position of the fruits and vegetables reaches the optical axis.
- Reference numeral 21 shown in FIG. 3 is a switching unit for switching the three elements of the target, offset, and reference optically by the actuator 29.
- the CPUs 1 and 2 link the position detection unit and the drive unit, and if necessary, One of the three elements can be selected.
- the size and gap of fruits and vegetables move on the belt conveyor 14 at random.
- sew the gap and measure the optical reference (ND filter) and offset (shade) of the spectrophotometer! / 22 shown in FIG. 3 monitors the temperature of the Peltier element by the temperature sensor 23 shown in FIG. 2, performs PID temperature control by the CPUs 1 and 2, and adjusts the temperature of the sensor to control the temperature of the sensor to an appropriate temperature. Department.
- Reference numeral 18 in Fig. 3 denotes a charge storage type light receiving element group, which uses a charge storage type line sensor (current output type) for the main light receiving section, and applies a reverse bias voltage to the photodiode as a sample light receiving section to store the charge.
- a mold was used.
- Reference numeral 19 shown in FIG. 3 denotes a preamplifier and a sensor drive circuit, which drives the sensor unit by the signals of the CPUs 1 and 2, and its drive timing is synchronized with the zero point compensation circuit.
- the sensor drive circuit has a built-in charge-voltage conversion circuit.
- the digitally controlled exponential amplification circuit 24 shown in Fig. 3 converts the data from CPUs 1 and 2 to analog voltage using a DZA converter (not shown), applies it to the gain control input terminal of the voltage-controlled exponential amplifier, and obtains a predetermined gain. It is a digitally controlled exponential amplification circuit (called a variable gain exponential amplification circuit or simply a gain amplifier).
- the digitally controlled exponential amplification circuit 24 receives digital signals from CPUs 1 and 2 based on digital signals from an AZD converter 26 described later. Gain is set by command. The value of G (maximum gain), which is the bottom of the gain, is also set.
- Reference numeral 26 shown in FIG. 3 is an AZD converter for converting an analog signal reproduced by the zero point compensation circuit 25 into a digital signal.
- the AZD converter has a sample-and-hold function in an input section.
- 27 shown in Fig. 3 indicates the data of the AZD converter 26, the setting value (exponent value) of the gain amplifier 24, the size of the fruits and vegetables, and the exposure time in the shared memory with the CPUs 1 and 2 at the control timing from the CPUs 1 and 2.
- It is a computer that performs necessary signal processing calculations from the stored data, and determines and outputs sugars, acids, and others by multiple regression analysis, P'L'S analysis, and the like.
- Reference numeral 28 shown in Fig. 3 is a central processing unit equipped with CPU1 and CPU2 for performing main control as an online type spectrophotometer.
- the variable gain in which the voltage is set to a predetermined constant gain (a low gain that clearly indicates that the maximum point of the wavelength characteristic in a specific wavelength or a specific wavelength range required for the analysis of the device under test is not saturated).
- the amplified analog voltage is amplified by the type amplifier circuit 24, the amplified analog voltage is read through the zero point compensation circuit 25, and the obtained analog voltage is AZD-converted by the AZD converter 26.
- a digital comparison operation means for performing a digital comparison operation with the digital value and a value determined so as to be an optimum value which does not reduce the number of significant digits of the digital value, and an operation result from the digital comparison operation means, that is,
- the digital value from the AZD converter 26 and the reference value should almost match, in other words, the digital value from the AZD converter 26 should be set to the analog level necessary to secure the measurable number of significant digits.
- Gain setting means for setting the gain of the variable gain type amplifier circuit 24, and the charge group stored in the main light receiving section, in order of pixels, the preamplifier and sensor drive circuit 19, the variable gain type Digital data reading means for reading out as digital data via the amplifier circuit 24, the zero point compensation circuit 25, and the AZD converter 26 is provided.
- the spectrophotometer of the present invention is particularly advantageous for measuring the sugar content, acidity, etc. of the conveyed fruits and vegetables, but can also be applied to the measurement of internal properties of, for example, potatoes and onions.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0416086-0A BRPI0416086A (pt) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | espectrofotÈmetro |
KR1020067008031A KR101158693B1 (ko) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | 분광 광도계 |
NZ546752A NZ546752A (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | Spectrophotometer |
US10/577,243 US7489398B2 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | Spectrophotometer |
CA 2544072 CA2544072A1 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | Spectrophotometer |
AU2004284319A AU2004284319B2 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | Spectrophotometer |
MXPA06004811A MXPA06004811A (es) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | Espectrofotometro. |
EP04793011A EP1679496A4 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | SPECTROPHOTOMETER |
IL175129A IL175129A0 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2006-04-24 | Spectrophotometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-368176 | 2003-10-29 | ||
JP2003368176A JP3931875B2 (ja) | 2003-10-29 | 2003-10-29 | 分光光度計 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005040741A1 true WO2005040741A1 (ja) | 2005-05-06 |
Family
ID=34510335
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/015899 WO2005040741A1 (ja) | 2003-10-29 | 2004-10-27 | 分光光度計 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7489398B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1679496A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3931875B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101158693B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1875251A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004284319B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0416086A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2544072A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL175129A0 (ja) |
MX (1) | MXPA06004811A (ja) |
NZ (1) | NZ546752A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005040741A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019146152A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-08-01 | Ckd株式会社 | 検査装置、ptp包装機、及び、検査装置の較正方法 |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007047106A (ja) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-22 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 分割測定法による青果物内部品質検査装置および青果物内部品質検査方法 |
JP2008145269A (ja) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-26 | Denso Corp | センサ装置 |
KR100885479B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-19 | 2009-02-24 | 마루엘에스아이 주식회사 | 라인 센서 및 그 제어 방법 |
JP5321260B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-11 | 2013-10-23 | ソニー株式会社 | 光学的測定装置、並びにフローサイトメーター及び光学的測定方法 |
JP5636870B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2014-12-10 | 一般財団法人雑賀技術研究所 | オンライン型非破壊分光分析装置 |
AT12076U1 (de) * | 2010-07-27 | 2011-10-15 | Evk Di Kerschhaggl Gmbh | Verfahren, sensoreinheit und maschine zum detektieren von ''zuckerspitzen''-defekten in kartoffeln |
US20120231534A1 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-13 | Carroll Wallace E | Spectrometric device |
US20140125969A1 (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-08 | Lawson Health Research Institute | Apparatus and methods for performing optical tomography on dosimeters for calibrating radiotherapy equipment |
TW201435317A (zh) | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-16 | Otsuka Denshi Kk | 分光光度計及分光光度測定方法 |
CN104180902A (zh) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-12-03 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | 提升凝视型红外光谱仪工作效率的变增益控制系统及方法 |
US9508765B2 (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-11-29 | Shimadzu Corporation | Photodiode array detector with different charge accumulation time for each light receiving element within one unit |
US10064259B2 (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2018-08-28 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Illuminated vehicle badge |
JP6826802B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-06 | 2021-02-10 | 一般財団法人雑賀技術研究所 | 青果物の可食部の機能性色素成分の測定方法及び装置 |
CN107101583A (zh) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-08-29 | 广东工业大学 | 基于纵横转换放大光栅尺的图像处理方法及其应用 |
KR102500765B1 (ko) | 2017-11-22 | 2023-02-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 분광기, 분광기의 출력이득 조절 방법, 생체정보 측정 장치 및 방법 |
CN110749545B (zh) * | 2018-07-24 | 2022-04-29 | 谱钜科技股份有限公司 | 光谱仪引擎及其调整方法 |
JP7325383B2 (ja) * | 2020-07-20 | 2023-08-14 | アンリツ株式会社 | 物品検査装置 |
KR102600767B1 (ko) * | 2021-05-20 | 2023-11-10 | (주)파이버피아 | 금속이온의 농도 측정 장치 및 그 방법 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55126834A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1980-10-01 | Toshiba Corp | Automatic spectral radiation meter |
JPS5919839A (ja) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-02-01 | Hiroyasu Funakubo | 液体クロマトグラフイ−における検出成分処理方法 |
JPS63201538A (ja) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-08-19 | Japan Spectroscopic Co | 分光光度計 |
JPS6472016A (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1989-03-16 | Minolta Camera Kk | Solid-state image pickup device for spectral measurement |
JPH06300628A (ja) * | 1993-03-09 | 1994-10-28 | Perkin Elmer Corp:The | 分光光度計におけるデータ取得のためのスペクトル帯のグループ化方法及び分光計測装置 |
JP2002098636A (ja) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-05 | Kubota Corp | 分光分析装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5937767B2 (ja) * | 1977-04-20 | 1984-09-12 | オリンパス光学工業株式会社 | 測光装置 |
JPH07113582B2 (ja) * | 1987-02-17 | 1995-12-06 | 株式会社島津製作所 | 分光分析装置 |
JPH0287029A (ja) * | 1988-09-24 | 1990-03-27 | Shimadzu Corp | 分光光度計 |
EP1125156A4 (en) * | 1998-10-26 | 2006-06-28 | Meade Instruments Corp | FULLY AUTOMATED TELESCOPIC SYSTEM WITH DISTRIBUTION INTELLIGENCE |
-
2003
- 2003-10-29 JP JP2003368176A patent/JP3931875B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-27 US US10/577,243 patent/US7489398B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-27 WO PCT/JP2004/015899 patent/WO2005040741A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-10-27 EP EP04793011A patent/EP1679496A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-27 KR KR1020067008031A patent/KR101158693B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-10-27 BR BRPI0416086-0A patent/BRPI0416086A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-10-27 CN CNA200480032377XA patent/CN1875251A/zh active Pending
- 2004-10-27 AU AU2004284319A patent/AU2004284319B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-10-27 MX MXPA06004811A patent/MXPA06004811A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-10-27 NZ NZ546752A patent/NZ546752A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-27 CA CA 2544072 patent/CA2544072A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-04-24 IL IL175129A patent/IL175129A0/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS55126834A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1980-10-01 | Toshiba Corp | Automatic spectral radiation meter |
JPS5919839A (ja) * | 1982-07-26 | 1984-02-01 | Hiroyasu Funakubo | 液体クロマトグラフイ−における検出成分処理方法 |
JPS63201538A (ja) * | 1987-02-18 | 1988-08-19 | Japan Spectroscopic Co | 分光光度計 |
JPS6472016A (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1989-03-16 | Minolta Camera Kk | Solid-state image pickup device for spectral measurement |
JPH06300628A (ja) * | 1993-03-09 | 1994-10-28 | Perkin Elmer Corp:The | 分光光度計におけるデータ取得のためのスペクトル帯のグループ化方法及び分光計測装置 |
JP2002098636A (ja) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-05 | Kubota Corp | 分光分析装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1679496A4 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019146152A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-08-01 | Ckd株式会社 | 検査装置、ptp包装機、及び、検査装置の較正方法 |
JP2019128250A (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-08-01 | Ckd株式会社 | 検査装置、ptp包装機、及び、検査装置の較正方法 |
US12007331B2 (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2024-06-11 | Ckd Corporation | Inspection device, PTP packaging machine and calibration method of inspection device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3931875B2 (ja) | 2007-06-20 |
KR20060120046A (ko) | 2006-11-24 |
IL175129A0 (en) | 2006-09-05 |
CN1875251A (zh) | 2006-12-06 |
AU2004284319A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
JP2005134164A (ja) | 2005-05-26 |
BRPI0416086A (pt) | 2007-01-02 |
EP1679496A1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
KR101158693B1 (ko) | 2012-06-22 |
NZ546752A (en) | 2010-03-26 |
US7489398B2 (en) | 2009-02-10 |
CA2544072A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
US20070081160A1 (en) | 2007-04-12 |
EP1679496A4 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
AU2004284319B2 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
MXPA06004811A (es) | 2006-07-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2005040741A1 (ja) | 分光光度計 | |
US6424416B1 (en) | Integrated optics probe for spectral analysis | |
US5132538A (en) | Measuring percentage of protein in whole grain samples | |
US4997280A (en) | Spectrophotometric instrument with rapid scanning distortion correction | |
JP3056037B2 (ja) | 光学的測定方法及びその装置 | |
AU777591B2 (en) | Integrated optics block for spectroscopy | |
CN109342368B (zh) | 一种基于参考光信号的双路对比测量光谱仪及测量方法 | |
JP3462573B2 (ja) | 液体試料の成分濃度等を測定する方法及び装置 | |
US20060268270A1 (en) | Grating spectrometer system and method for the acquisition of measured values | |
JP3576105B2 (ja) | 内部品質計測装置 | |
Wang et al. | A measurement method in near infrared spectroscopy for reference correction with the homologous optical beams | |
Castiglioni et al. | A new simple and low cost scattered transmission accessory for commercial double beam ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers | |
SU1538047A1 (ru) | Способ измерени шероховатости поверхности | |
JP2002116140A (ja) | 分光分析方法及び分光分析計 | |
KR20240094368A (ko) | 레이저 흡수 분광 분석 방법 및 장치 | |
Krause | A Theoretical Model for Measuring and Sensor Characterization in Optical Spectroscopy | |
TW202244479A (zh) | 光測定裝置 | |
Min et al. | Design of A Hyperspectral Nitrogen Sensing System for Citrus | |
JPH09281035A (ja) | 分光測定方法とそれを用いた分光測定器 | |
Hyvarinen et al. | Infrared analyzers for process measurements |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200480032377.X Country of ref document: CN |
|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 546752 Country of ref document: NZ Ref document number: 2004284319 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 175129 Country of ref document: IL |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007081160 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 1020067008031 Country of ref document: KR Ref document number: 10577243 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 200603345 Country of ref document: ZA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2544072 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: PA/a/2006/004811 Country of ref document: MX |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2004793011 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2004284319 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20041027 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004284319 Country of ref document: AU |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2004793011 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1020067008031 Country of ref document: KR |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0416086 Country of ref document: BR |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 10577243 Country of ref document: US |