WO2005040096A1 - アルカリ処理固相担体を用いた不斉アルキル化合物の製造方法およびこの方法で用いられるアルカリ処理固相担体 - Google Patents
アルカリ処理固相担体を用いた不斉アルキル化合物の製造方法およびこの方法で用いられるアルカリ処理固相担体 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0239—Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0244—Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C249/00—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C249/02—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of compounds containing imino groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound as a raw material of an optically active amino acid, and particularly to the production of an asymmetric alkyl compound using an asymmetric catalyst on an alkali-treated solid support. How to do it.
- Optically active amino acids are widely used as raw materials for foodstuffs and as synthetic intermediates for pharmaceuticals.
- the L-form optically active amino acid is an important nutrient source for animals, while its optical isomer, the D-form optically active amino acid, has recently become necessary and important as a raw material for pharmaceuticals. Is growing. Therefore, establishing a method for selectively synthesizing these L- and D-form optically active amino acids is an industrially important task.
- a method for finally obtaining an optically active amino acid includes asymmetric glycine imine ester using a phase-transfer catalysis.
- an alkylation reaction of glycine imine ester is repeatedly performed by using two types of solvents which are insoluble with each other and a phase transfer catalyst is exchanged between these solutions, and an asymmetric alkyl compound is successively formed.
- an asymmetric alkyl compound having high optical purity is produced from the glycine imine ester and the alkyl halide.
- the cinchonine base is converted to a conjugate acid, becomes ionic, and moves to the aqueous phase.
- the ionic cinchonine is regenerated to a neutral cinchonine base by the NaOH dissolved in the aqueous phase, and moves to the dichloroethane phase again. Cinchonine returned to the dichloroethane phase catalyzes the asymmetric alkylation reaction again.
- an asymmetric alkyl compound having a high optical purity and a high yield can be synthesized in a high yield in the conventional method for synthesizing an asymmetric alkyl compound.
- the resulting asymmetric alkyl compound contains more of one of the (R) -form and (S) -form optical isomer.
- an optically pure asymmetric alkyl compound can be obtained by being separated, for example, by recrystallization.
- the thus obtained optically pure asymmetric alkylated compound can be hydrolyzed, for example, to synthesize an arbitrary amino acid.
- a method for synthesizing an asymmetric alkyl compound using such a technique is described in, for example, O 'Donnell, MJ; Wu, S .; Hoffman, C. Tetrahedron, Vol 50, 4507-4518, 1994 (hereinafter, referred to as conventional Example 1) and Lygo, B .; Wainwright, PG Tetrahedron Lett., Vol 38, 8595-8598, 1997 (hereinafter referred to as Conventional Example 2).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has an object to eliminate the need for a long and intense stirring of the solvent unlike the prior art, and to achieve an asymmetric alkyl reaction in a short time. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound which can be completed stably and stably, and which can produce a high-purity asymmetric alkyl compound in a high yield, and an alkali-treated solid support used in the method.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is an asymmetric alkyl compound produced by an asymmetric synthesis reaction between a glycinimine ester and an alkyl halide.
- a method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound comprising: reacting a reaction solution containing a glycine imine ester, an alkyl halide, and an asymmetric catalyst having a catalytic action to promote an asymmetric synthesis reaction with an alkaline solid support comprising an inorganic compound; It is characterized by including a synthesis step of performing an asymmetric synthesis reaction by mixing with an alkali-treated solid support that has been treated with a substance.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is characterized in that the mixing is performed such that the reaction solution is held in a thin film on the surface of the alkali-treated solid support.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is further characterized in that the mixing is performed by dropping the reaction solution onto the alkali-treated solid support.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is further characterized in that the alkali-treated solid support is in a powder form.
- the mixture of the reaction solution and the alkali-treated solid support is dried, and then subjected to microwave irradiation treatment. It is characterized by doing.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is characterized in that at least one of a clay mineral and an inorganic oxide is used as the solid support.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is further characterized in that the inorganic oxide is at least one of a metal oxide and a silicon oxide.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention further comprises the step of:
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is characterized in that an aqueous solution of an alkaline compound is used as an alkaline substance for treating the solid support.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is further characterized in that an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide is used as the alkaline compound.
- the alkali-treated solid support may further comprise, after the treatment step of treating the solid support with an aqueous solution of an alkaline compound, Characterized in that it is obtained by a preparation method including a drying step of drying.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is further characterized in that, in the drying step, the solid phase carrier after the treatment is dried by microwave irradiation.
- the alkali-treated solid support may further comprise, after the treatment step of treating the solid support with an aqueous solution of an alkaline compound, Is obtained by a preparation method including a water wetting step of bringing water into a water-wetting state.
- the water is further reduced in the water wetting step so that the water content of the solid support after the treatment is 0.1 to 50% by weight. It is characterized by removal.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention further comprises: It is characterized by being a cinchonidine compound or a cinchonine compound.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is further characterized in that the asymmetric catalyst is a cinchonidine compound or a cinchonine compound.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is further characterized in that the asymmetric catalyst is cinchonine or N-anthracenylmethylcinchonidium chloride.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention further comprises:
- the glycine imine ester may further comprise a compound represented by the following formula (6):
- R 1 and R 2 represent a monovalent organic group
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is further characterized in that the organic group represented by R 1 in the above formula (6) is an aromatic group having an aromatic structure. I have.
- the organic group which the formula Te (6) Odor represented by R 2 is is characterized by comprising a side chain having 3 or more carbon atoms .
- the organic group represented by R 2 is a t-butyl group (methyl propyl group).
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention is further characterized in that the glycine imine ester is N-dimethylphenylmethylene glycine t-butyl ester.
- the above-mentioned alkyl halide may further comprise a compound represented by the following formula (7):
- R 3 represents a monovalent organic group, and X represents a halogen atom).
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention further comprises the step of: It is characterized by being hydrogen (Br), fluorine (F), iodine (I) or chlorine (C1).
- the organic group represented by R 3 above is, are characterized by an alkyl group.
- the alkali-treated solid support according to the present invention is used in the synthesis step in the above-described method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound, and a powdery solid support made of an inorganic compound is used as an aqueous solution of an alkaline compound. And then dried by microwave irradiation.
- the alkali-treated solid support according to the present invention is used in the synthesis step in the above-described method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound, and a powdery solid support made of an inorganic compound is used as an aqueous solution of an alkaline compound. After the treatment with water, it is characterized by being brought into a wet state.
- the alkali-treated solid support according to the present invention is used in the synthesis step in the above-described method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound, and a powdery solid support made of an inorganic compound is used as an aqueous solution of an alkaline compound. It is a special feature that the water is removed so that the water content becomes 0.1 to 50% by weight.
- the alkali-treated solid support according to the present invention can be further reused by washing with a washing solvent and drying or water-wetting after completion of the above synthesis step. It is characterized by that.
- the alkali-treated solid support according to the present invention is further characterized in that the washing solvent is a solvent used for the reaction solution.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound of the present invention is indispensable in the prior art because the method is such that an asymmetric alkylation reaction is performed on an alkali-treated solid support.
- the effect is that the asymmetric alkyl compound can be produced with high yield and high optical purity in a short time of several minutes and about 1 hour without the necessity of stirring the solution for a long time.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound according to the present invention comprises the steps of: reacting a reaction solution containing a glycine imine ester, an alkyl halide, and an asymmetric catalyst having a catalytic action to promote an asymmetric synthesis reaction from an inorganic compound. It is characterized by including a synthesis step of performing an asymmetric synthesis reaction by mixing the resulting solid support with an alkali-treated solid support obtained by treating with an alkaline substance. Therefore, (I) an alkali-treated solid support, (II) a reaction solution, and (III) a mixture thereof used in the present invention will be described in detail below.
- the alkali-treated solid support usable in the present invention is characterized in that a solid support made of an inorganic compound is treated with an alkaline substance. Therefore, the solid phase carrier usable in the present invention, its alkali treatment, and the ultrasonic irradiation treatment and drying treatment applicable in the alkali treatment will be described in detail below.
- the solid support to be alkali-treated in this step may be any solid support as long as it is made of an inorganic compound. Any structure and composition may be used as long as they have the property of adsorbing an alkali such as sodium hydroxide on the surface. Further, the solid support may be a pure substance or a mixture. For example, specific examples of the solid support include metal oxides, metal fluorides, and oxides of semiconductors (such as silicon). These compounds may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. Examples of the mixture include a clay mineral containing the above compound and ceramics.
- the solid phase carrier include, but are not limited to, alumina, titanium oxide, kaolin, kaolinite, montmorillonite, bentonite, celite, zeolite, and kieselguhr. What? Of course, these compounds and minerals may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more. In order to efficiently and promptly carry out the asymmetric alkylation reaction described later, it is preferable that the total surface area of the solid support be as large as possible. Therefore, it is preferable that the solid support has, for example, a fine urethane-like network structure.
- alkaline substance used in the alkaline treatment may be any alkaline compound.
- alkali compound include, but are not limited to, hydroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals.
- the alkali compound used is preferably strongly alkaline. Thereby, the alkali treatment can be performed reliably and sufficiently.
- strongly alkaline compounds include, but are not limited to, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and the like.
- the treatment method for realizing the alkali treatment may be any treatment method as long as the method allows the alkali to be adsorbed on the solid support as a result.
- alkali treatment can be performed by spraying the vaporized alkali compound onto a solid support.
- the alkali treatment is performed by immersing the solid phase carrier in a strong alkali aqueous solution.
- the concentration of the alkali compound in the aqueous solution is preferably in the range of 10% to 50%, and more preferably in the range of 20% to 25%. This is because if the concentration is within this range, the solid phase carrier is sufficiently alkali-treated.
- the time for the alkali treatment of the solid phase carrier is arbitrary, but it is preferable that the entire solid phase carrier is sufficiently alkali-treated over 4 hours or more. This is because the reaction can be performed more efficiently than the asymmetric alkylidation reaction force in the alkali-treated solid support.
- the alkali treatment of the solid support may be performed not only once but also many times.
- the solid phase carrier is immersed in an aqueous alkaline solution and subjected to alkali treatment, it is necessary to repeat the drying treatment described below to dry the solid phase carrier, and then to immerse it again in the aqueous alkali solution and perform the alkali treatment.
- an alkali-treated solid support that can complete the asymmetric alkylidation reaction described below more efficiently and in a short time can be obtained.
- ultrasonic waves during the alkali treatment to the solid support on which the alkali treatment is performed using the alkaline aqueous solution as described above.
- the aqueous alkali solution penetrates into the solid phase carrier, and the entire solid phase carrier is subjected to the alkali treatment.
- an arbitrary ultrasonic generator may be used.
- the frequency and intensity of the ultrasonic waves to be irradiated and the irradiation time may be arbitrarily determined.For example, if the ultrasonic waves of 42 kHz are irradiated at 70 W for 4 hours, sufficient alkali treatment of the entire solid support can be performed. S can.
- the solid support is subjected to alkali treatment with an aqueous alkali solution
- Any known technique may be used for this water evaporation.
- moisture can be evaporated from the solid support by leaving the alkali-treated solid support under a reduced pressure environment for an appropriate time.
- a known method or equipment can be used. For example, air can be suctioned from a sealed space in a glass utensil using an aspirator to realize the depressurized environment.
- moisture can be evaporated by applying heat at a temperature sufficient to vaporize water molecules to the alkali-treated solid support containing moisture.
- heat for example, high-temperature air or an inert gas is blown onto the alkali-treated solid support, or infrared rays or microwaves are radiated.
- the water molecules penetrating into the solid phase carrier absorb the energy of the microwave radiation and cause thermal motion to vaporize, so that the water contained in the solid phase carrier is completely evaporated. This is because it can be dried.
- microwaves can be radiated to the solid phase carrier by using any known technique, for example, by using a household microwave oven.
- the wattage, frequency, and irradiation time of the microwave irradiated on the alkali-treated solid support may be arbitrarily determined according to various properties such as the shape and quantity of the solid support to be subjected to the microwave irradiation treatment.
- the optimum conditions may be set as appropriate. For example, when drying 3 g of a solid alkali-treated solid support by microwave irradiation, irradiation with a microwave of 500 W and 2.45 GHz for 15 minutes can completely evaporate the water contained in the support. .
- the solid support after treatment may be brought into a water-wet state after the treatment step of treating the solid support with an aqueous solution of an alkaline compound.
- the “water-wet state” refers to a state in which water has been partially removed from the solid support that has been alkali-treated with an alkaline aqueous solution.
- Any known method may be used to make the water wet. For example, by leaving the alkali-treated solid support in a reduced-pressure environment for an appropriate time, it is possible to partially evaporate water from the solid support. At this time, in order to realize the decompressed environment, a known method or device can be used. For example, air can be suctioned from a sealed space in a glass device by using an aspirator to realize the decompressed environment.
- the water wet treatment it is preferable to remove water so that the moisture of the alkali-treated solid support is 0.150% by weight. If water is removed in a state where the water content of the alkali-treated solid support exceeds 50% by weight, the solid support becomes an S slurry and is not preferable because it does not mix with the reaction solution. In addition, it is not preferable to remove the water content of the alkali-treated solid support to 0.1% by weight or less, because the asymmetric reaction becomes slow.
- the water content of the alkali-treated solid phase may vary depending on the type of the solvent described below.
- the alkali-treated solid support has a water content of 0.5 to 16% by weight. It is particularly preferable to remove water so that the concentration becomes 4 to 14% by weight.
- the time during which the alkali-treated solid support is allowed to stand in a reduced-pressure environment may be varied arbitrarily, such as the shape and amount of the solid support to be subjected to partial water removal as long as it is wet with water.
- Optimal conditions may be set as appropriate according to the properties. For example, when 3 g of a lump of alkali-treated solid carrier is removed by a rotary evaporator so that the moisture becomes 414% by weight, the carrier is contained in the carrier if left under a reduced pressure environment for 15 to 20 hours. Moisture can be reduced to 4-1 14% by weight.
- the alkali-treated solid support obtained as described above can be used repeatedly and repeatedly for the asymmetric alkylation reaction described below.
- the number of times of use is not particularly limited. If the solid support is once alkali-treated as described above, it is used for the asymmetric alkylidation reaction, and then the reaction solution is washed off and dried or wet with water, for example, 10 times. It can be used repeatedly in asymmetric alkylation reactions.
- a glycine imine ester, an alkyl halide, and an asymmetric catalyst having a catalytic action of promoting an asymmetric synthesis reaction are used as a reaction solution to be mixed with the alkali-treated solid support.
- a reaction solution containing Accordingly, the solvent, glycine imine ester, halogenated alkynole, and asymmetric catalyst that can be used in this reaction solution, and a method for preparing a reaction solution prepared using these, will be described in detail below.
- the solvent used in the reaction solution may be any solvent as long as it has a property capable of dissolving the asymmetric catalyst, glycine imine ester and alkyl halide described below.
- examples of such a solvent include getyl ether, dimethyl ether, butyl and the like.
- Ethers such as ether, dioxane, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and glycol dimethyl ether; hydrocarbons such as tonoleene, benzene, xylene, hexane, and cyclohexane; hydrocarbons such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide.
- examples of the solvent include a mixed solvent of tonoreene-dichloromethane, a mixed solvent of toluene-trichloromethane, and a mixed solvent of toluene-cyanide methane.
- a mixed solvent of toluene and trichloromethane is used as the solvent, as shown in Example 6 described below, the mixing ratio is set to 5: 5 to achieve the intended purpose.
- Asymmetric alkyl compounds can be produced in a short time, with high yield and high enantiomeric excess.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is in a liquid state, and may be a slurry state in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid that is in a suspension state.
- the asymmetric catalyst contained in the reaction solution may be any as long as it has a catalytic action to promote the asymmetric synthesis reaction. Further, any catalyst may be used as long as it can promote the asymmetric alkylation reaction between the glycine imine ester and the alkyl halide.
- asymmetric catalysts include, for example, binaphthol, rhodium complexes, molybdenum complexes, natural alkaloids cinchonine and cinchonidine, or N-spiro quaternary ammonium salts, but are not limited thereto. is not.
- the asymmetric catalyst is preferably a cinchonidine-based compound or a cinchonine-based compound.
- “Cinchonidine-based compound” or “cinchonine-based compound” refers to a compound having the chemical structure of cinchonidine or cinchonine in its chemical structure.
- any residue may be bonded to these asymmetric catalysts to form a salt, which may be used as a phase transfer type catalyst.
- N-anthracenylmethylcinchonidium chloride HCD-ANT
- HCD-OH in which two cinchonidines are bonded to naphthalene
- HCN-OH in which two cinchonines are bonded to naphthalene
- HCD represents a cinchonidine compound
- HCN represents a cinchonine compound.
- the above HCD-ANT, HCD- ⁇ H, HCD-aryl and HCN-OH are shown in the following structural formulas (1), (2), (3) and (4), respectively. .
- N-spiro-type C2 symmetric chiral quaternary ammonium bromide (hereinafter referred to as s, s-NASB) belonging to N-spiro-type quaternary ammonium salt is represented by the following structural formula ( See 5).
- the absolute configuration ((R) form or (S) form) of the asymmetric alkyl compound synthesized asymmetrically in the mixing step described below. Is determined.
- the synthesized asymmetric alkyl compound is used as an asymmetric phase transfer catalyst. : Nin, HCN- ⁇ H or s, s-When using NASB, it becomes (R) form, and when using H CD-ANT, HCD-OH or HCD-aryl, it is (S) Be a body.
- the target asymmetric alkyl compound When the target asymmetric alkyl compound is in the (S) form, it is preferable to use HCD-aryl as the asymmetric catalyst as shown in Example 3 described later. By doing so, the desired asymmetric alkyl compound can be produced in a short time, with a high yield and a high enantiomeric excess.
- HCD-aryl When the target asymmetric alkyl compound is in the (R) form, it is preferable to use HCN- ⁇ H or S, S-NASB as the asymmetric catalyst as shown in Examples 3 and 13 described below. .
- the asymmetric catalyst used in the present invention can be prepared by obtaining a commercial product or synthesizing it by a known method.
- the glycine imine ester contained in the reaction solution is preferably a compound represented by the following chemical formula (6).
- R 1 and R 2 represent a monovalent organic group.
- the organic group represented by R 1 is preferably any substituent capable of protecting the amino group of the synthesized asymmetric alkyl compound.
- the organic group represented by R 1 may be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a furyl group, an alkyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group, but is not limited thereto.
- an alkyl group having an aromatic structure such as a phenyl group and a biphenyl group, is preferable because an amino group can be stably protected.
- organic groups represented by R 2 Shi preferred that any substituent group capable of protecting the carboxyl group of the asymmetric alkyl compound synthesized.
- the organic group represented by R 2 may be a butyl group, a propyl group, a benzyl group, or a naphthylmethyl group, but is not limited thereto.
- the organic group represented by R 2 among substituents, preferably the number of carbon atoms including the side chain at 3 or more. This is because such a substituent having a three-dimensional spread in the three-dimensional structure can more stably protect the carboxyl group of the asymmetric alkylated product.
- substituents include three other substitutions at the carbon atom directly attached to the carboxyl group.
- tertiary substituent having a structure in which a substituent is bonded.
- the tertiary substituent is, for example, a t-butyl group.
- the glycine imine ester represented by the formula (6) may have any composition as long as the compound undergoes an asymmetric alkylation reaction together with the alkyl halide described below.
- N-diphenylmethylene glycine t_butyl ester, N-bis (4-phenyl) methylene glycine-iso-propyl pyr ester, etc. can be used as the glycine imine ester.
- the glycine imine ester used in the present invention can be prepared by obtaining a commercial product or synthesizing it by a known method.
- the halogenated alkyl contained in the reaction solution that is, dissolved in the solvent used for the reaction solution, is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (7).
- R 3 represents a monovalent organic group
- X represents a halogen atom.
- the organic group represented by R 3 is preferably an arbitrary alkyl group.
- the organic group represented by R 3 be an alkyl group that is based on the asymmetric alkyl compound synthesized in the present invention and that is adjusted to the substituent contained in the amino acid to be finally obtained.
- the organic group represented by R 3 can be, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an amyl group, a hexyl group, a benzyl group, a naphthylmethyl group, or an ester group. It is not limited to these.
- the organic group represented by R 3 is preferably an alkyl group having an aromatic structure (benzinole group, naphthylmethyl group, etc.). Further, the organic group represented by R 3 may be a group substituted by hydrogen force S contained in the above-mentioned alkyl group, or any other substituent or halogen element. For example, the organic group represented by R 3 may be a parachlorobenzene group in which hydrogen at the para position of the phenyl group is replaced by chlorine (C1).
- the atom represented by X may be any halogen atom. That is, the atom represented by X can be fluorine (F), chlorine (C1), bromine (Br), or iodine (I). Since the asymmetric alkylidation reaction is performed efficiently, the atom represented by H is It is preferably bromine (Br). That is, the alkyl halide used in the present invention is preferably an alkyl bromide.
- the alkyl halide represented by the formula (7) may be any compound as long as it is a compound that causes an asymmetric alkylation reaction with the above-mentioned glycine imine ester.
- Examples of the alkyl halide that can be used in the present invention include 2- (bromomethyl) naphthalene, 1- (butomotinol) -4-cyclobenzene, and bromomethylbenzene.
- the alkyl halide used in the present invention can be prepared by obtaining a commercial product or synthesizing it by a known method.
- the asymmetric catalyst, glycine imine ester, and halogenated alkyl may be dissolved in the above-mentioned solvent using a known method.
- the solvent used at this time may be used as one kind of pure solvent, or may be used as a mixed solvent obtained by mixing a plurality of solvents if they are mutually soluble.
- the glycine imine ester and the alkyl halide to be dissolved in the solvent may each be of a plurality of types, but it is more preferable to limit each type to each of the resulting asymmetric alkyl compounds by separating them. This is preferable because the purification process can be simplified.
- the amount of the asymmetric catalyst dissolved in the solvent may be arbitrary, but it is preferable that the final concentration be within the range of 0.01M to 0.05M. Further, the amount of glycine imine ester dissolved in the solvent may be arbitrary, but it is preferable that the final concentration is within the range of 0.1M to 0.5M. The amount of the alkyl halide dissolved in the solvent may be arbitrary. It is preferable that the final concentration is within the range of 0.12M to 0.6M.
- the ratio between the glycine imine ester and the alkyl halide dissolved in the solvent may be any ratio, but is preferably 1: 1 in molar concentration. With this ratio, both can be supplied to the asymmetric alkyl reaction without waste.
- the ratio of the asymmetric catalyst dissolved in the solvent to the glycine imine ester or the alkyl halide may be an arbitrary ratio, but is preferably in the range of 1 mol% to 20 mol%. By setting the ratio within this range, the asymmetric alkylation reaction can be efficiently catalyzed.
- the reaction solution prepared as described above is preferably used immediately after preparation.
- the reaction solution prepared and stored can be used at any time.
- the alkali-treated solid support obtained as described above and the reaction solution are mixed.
- a synthesis step of performing an asymmetric synthesis reaction is carried out, and the asymmetric catalyst between the glycine imine ester and the alkyl halide catalyzed by the asymmetric catalyst in the alkali-treated solid support in the mixture.
- An alkylation reaction is performed. Therefore, in the following, detailed conditions such as the shape and amount of the alkali-treated solid support used in the mixing treatment will be described.
- the shape of the alkali-treated solid support mixed with the reaction solution may be arbitrary. For example, it can be made into a lump, a particle, or a powder. Among them, the shape is preferably such that the total surface area is as large as possible. With such a shape, the asymmetric alkylation reaction can be performed efficiently and promptly.
- An example of such a shape is a powder. In order to make the alkali-treated solid support powdery, for example, it may be finely ground in a mortar or the like.
- the amount of the alkali-treated solid support to be mixed with the reaction solution may be arbitrarily determined, and may be appropriately determined in accordance with the desired production amount of the asymmetric alkyl compound. ,.
- the amount of the reaction solution to be mixed with the alkali-treated solid support may be arbitrary. That is, an optimal amount may be appropriately selected according to the production amount of the target asymmetric alkyl compound.
- the mixing ratio between the alkali-treated solid support and the reaction solution may be arbitrary, but using 0.4 ml of the reaction solution per 1 g of the alkali-treated solid support can reduce the asymmetric alkylation. This is preferable because it can be completed in a short time.
- the reaction solution After mixing the alkali-treated solid support and the reaction solution in this step, the reaction solution It is preferable that the solid support is as thin and uniform as possible on the surface of the solid support.
- the reaction solution is preferably held in a thin film on the surface of the alkali-treated solid support.
- the method of mixing the alkali-treated solid support and the reaction solution may be any known method. For example, simply dropping the reaction solution on the pulverized alkali-treated solid support and leaving it as it is does not work.
- a column of an arbitrary shape packed with a powdery alkali-treated solid support may be prepared, and the reaction solution may be continuously flowed into this column.
- the asymmetric alkyl reaction is quickly performed and completed only by leaving the mixture obtained by mixing the alkali-treated solid support and the reaction solution to stand still.
- the mixture may be stirred using a mixer that does not leave the mixture as it is, or may be shaken using a shaker.
- the asymmetric alkylation reaction requires a significantly longer time (6 days or more) to complete. Even if the mixture is kept at a temperature of, for example, 120 ° C, the asymmetric alkylation reaction is performed, but in such a case, the time required for the completion of the reaction is shorter than that at room temperature. Increase more than 5 times.
- the mixture is preferably maintained at atmospheric pressure, but the pressure may be maintained at an arbitrary pressure as long as the solvent does not evaporate.
- the asymmetric alkylation reaction may be performed by drying the solvent and further performing microwave irradiation treatment. Can be done. In this way, the asymmetric alkylation reaction on the alkali-treated solid phase carrier is completed in about 510 minutes.
- the microwave irradiated at this time The wattage, the frequency, and the irradiation time may be arbitrarily set appropriately according to the shape and amount of the alkali-treated solid support to be subjected to microwave irradiation.
- a known extraction technique may be used. For example, by washing off the alkali-treated solid support after the completion of the reaction with an arbitrary solution that can dissolve the asymmetric alkyl compound, the resulting asymmetric alkylated compound can be extracted.
- the same solution as the solvent of the reaction solution used for the asymmetric alkylation reaction. This is because the work of purifying the asymmetric alkyl compound contained in the rinsed solution can be simplified.
- the amount of the solvent used for washing off is as small as possible. For example, it is preferable to use about 10 to 50 times the solvent of the reaction solution used. This is because by washing with a solution within this range, the concentration of the asymmetric alkylated product, which is a product, contained in the solution can be simplified.
- R 2 and R 3 are the same as in the above formulas (6) and (7) It is the same as R 2 and R 3 .
- * Represents an asymmetric center.
- the asymmetric alkyl compound synthesized by the asymmetric alkyl reaction shown by the formula (8) is in a state of a high enantiomeric excess (for example, about 80%).
- the asymmetric alkyl compound to be synthesized is in a state where one of the (S) -form or (R) -form included is more than the other.
- a known separation method may be applied to the obtained asymmetric alkylated product.
- the resulting asymmetric alkylated product can be separated into the desired optical isomer by liquid phase chromatography using a chiral column or the like, high performance liquid chromatography, or the like.
- the desired optical isomer can also be obtained from the resulting asymmetric alkylated compound by a natural separation method utilizing crystallization, which utilizes the fact that the (S) form and the (R) form are crystallized at different temperatures. Can be separated.
- the enzyme that decomposes only one of the (S) -form and (R) -form contained in the obtained asymmetric alkylated compound is used to completely decompose the optical isomer that is not the target. By doing so, the desired optical isomer may be separated.
- a method of obtaining a diastereomer salt by adding a rotatory base (such as quinine, styrynine, or brucine) or a rotatory acid (such as tartaric acid or bromocamphorsulfonic acid) can also be used.
- these salts can be separated by fractional crystallization and then separated with an acid or alkali to purify the desired optical isomer.
- a separation method using a synthetic polymer compound utilizing the difference in adsorption power between the (S) form and the (R) form can also be used.
- the asymmetric alkyl compound obtained as described above has a high yield and an enantiomeric excess, it is a good precursor of a high-purity optically active amino acid. That is, the asymmetric alkyl compound synthesized through the steps of the present invention and further separated and purified can be converted into various amino acids by subjecting it to hydrolysis treatment.
- the method used for the hydrolysis at this time is any known method.
- an asymmetric alkyl compound was produced by obtaining an alkali-treated solid support and a reaction solution, mixing them, and allowing them to stand at room temperature or at a temperature of 120 ° C.
- an alkali-treated solid support was prepared as follows. 3 g of carrier (alumina, montmorillonite K_10, kaolin) was added to 4 ml of 25% aqueous solution. The mixture was irradiated with ultrasonic waves (42 kHz) for 4 hours. Next, water was removed from this mixture by filtration under reduced pressure using an aspirator (manufactured by Tokyo Rikikiki). The solid support thus obtained was irradiated with a microwave of 2.45 GHz for 15 minutes using a 500 W household microwave oven (EM_LAI, Sanyo Electric). Thereafter, the alkali-treated solid support that had been subjected to the microwave irradiation treatment was finely ground in a mortar. Thus, three kinds of alkali-treated solid supports (alumina / KOH, montmorillonite K-110 / K ⁇ H, and kaolin / K ⁇ H) were obtained.
- carrier alumina, montmorillonite K_10, kaolin
- a reaction solution was prepared by dissolving 0.005 mmol of the asymmetric catalyst, 0.05 mmol of the glycine imine ester, and 0.0063 mmol of the alkyl halide in 2 ml of dichloromethane.
- N-anthracenylmethyl cinchonidium chloride was used as the asymmetric catalyst.
- N-dimethylmethylene glycine-t-butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester.
- alkyl halide any one of 2- (bromomethyl) naphthalene, 2- (butomotinol) parachlorobenzene, and 2- (butomotinol) benzene was used.
- the desired (S) form or the desired (S) form was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, manufactured by Waters) equipped with a C18 column (length 15 cm, diameter 19 mm).
- HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
- the product in the (R) form was separated and purified.
- the product was separated by gradually changing the ratio of methanol: water (v: v) from the initial condition of 60:40 to the final condition of 100: 0.
- the enantiomeric excess of the obtained product was determined by HPLC (Waters) equipped with a chiral column (DaicelChiralcelOD, length 25 cm, diameter 4.6 cm).
- R—Br means an alkyl halide
- a”, “b”, and “c” represent R 3 contained in the above formula (7) representing an alkyl halide.
- the substituents corresponding to “a”, “b”, and “c” are shown in the following formula (9).
- carrier means a solid-phase carrier subjected to alkali treatment
- Mont_K10 refers to montmorillonite K-10.
- a reaction solution prepared by dissolving 0.005 mmol of the asymmetric catalyst, 0.05 mmol of the glycine imine ester, and 0.084 mmol of the alkyl halide in 0.2 ml of dichloromethane was used.
- N-dimethylaminomethylene glycine mono-t_butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester.
- 2- (bromomethyl) benzene was used as the alkyl halide.
- the asymmetric catalyst one of HCD-OH and HCD-aryl belonging to cinchonidine-based compounds and HCN-OH belonging to cinchonine-based compounds was used.
- Karion / K ⁇ H was used as the alkali-treated solid support. 0.51 g of kaolin ZK ⁇ H was added to the above reaction solution, the two were mixed and allowed to stand at 20 ° C., and an asymmetric alkyl compound was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
- a reaction solution prepared by dissolving 0.005 mmol of the asymmetric catalyst, 0.05 mmol of the glycine imine ester, and 0.084 mmol of the alkyl halide in 0.2 ml of dichloromethane was used.
- N-dimethylaminomethylene glycine mono-t_butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester.
- 2- (bromomethyl) benzene was used for the alkyl halide.
- HCD-aryl was used as the asymmetric catalyst.
- any one of kaolin / K / H, alumina / KOH, montmorillonite K-10ZK ⁇ H, or Celite ⁇ was used as the alkali-treated solid support.
- 0.51 g of one of the above four types of alkali-treated solid supports was added, and the two were mixed and allowed to stand at 20 ° C.
- the compound was synthesized. The results are shown in Table 4 below.
- reaction solution 0.25 ml of dichloromethane was mixed with 0.005 m of the asymmetric catalyst. mol, glycine imine ester (0.05 mmol) and alkyl halide (0.084 mmol) were used. At this time, N-dimethylmethylene glycine mono-t_butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester. Further, 2- (bromomethyl) benzene was used for the alkyl halide. HCD-aryl was used as the asymmetric catalyst.
- the mixture was prepared in a volume of 4 ml and prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 above. At this time, any one of a 25% aqueous NaOH solution, a 10% aqueous KOH solution, a 15% aqueous KOH solution, a 20% aqueous KOH solution, a 25% aqueous KOH solution, and a 30% aqueous KOH solution was used as the alkaline solution.
- an asymmetric alkyl reaction was performed using six types of alkali solutions having different concentrations and types to obtain a product.
- the time required to complete the reaction was 0.75 to 12 hours.
- the product yield was 75-89%, and the enantiomeric excess was 81-91%.
- the time required for completing the reaction, the yield of the product, and the enantiomeric excess were good.
- the above results indicate that when a 20% to 25% KOH solution is used as the alkaline solution, the desired asymmetric alkyl compound can be produced in a short time, with high yield and high enantiomeric excess. Are shown.
- a reaction solution prepared by dissolving 0.005 mmol of an asymmetric catalyst, 0.055 mmol of dalisin imine ester, and 0.084 mmol of alkyl halide in a predetermined amount of a solvent was used.
- N-dimethylmethylglycine_t_butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester.
- 2- (buguchimomethyl) benzene was used as the alkyl halide.
- HCD-aryl was used as the asymmetric catalyst.
- the above-mentioned predetermined amount of solvent includes 0.2 ml of dichloromethane (CH C1) and 0.1 ml of toluene (PhC)
- the fifth and seventh values in Table 6 are the results in the case where the mixture of the alkali-treated solid support and the reaction solution became slurry.
- a reaction solution obtained by dissolving 0.005 mmol of an asymmetric catalyst, 0.055 mmol of dalisin imine ester, and 0.084 mmol of an alkyl halide in 0.2 ml of a solvent was used.
- the glycine imine ester contains N-dimethylmethyl Nglycine t-butyl ester was used.
- 2- (buguchimomethyl) benzene was used as the alkyl halide.
- HC N-OH belonging to the cinchonine compound was used as the asymmetric catalyst.
- kaolin ZK ⁇ H was used as the alkali-treated solid support.
- An asymmetric alkyl compound was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 by adding 0.5 lg of the alkali-treated solid support to the reaction solution and mixing the two. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
- a reaction solution prepared by dissolving 0.005 mmol of an asymmetric catalyst, 0.05 mmol of dalisin imine ester, and 0.084 mmol of an alkyl halide in 0.2 ml of a solvent was used.
- N-dimethylmethylglycine_t_butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester.
- 2- (buguchimomethyl) benzene was used as the alkyl halide.
- HCD-aryl was used as the asymmetric catalyst.
- Kaolin ZK ⁇ H was used as the alkali-treated solid support. Add 0.5 lg of the alkali-treated solid support to the above reaction solution, mix them, and leave them at 20 ° C, 0 ° C, or -30 ° C. In the same manner as in Example 1, an asymmetric alkyl compound was synthesized. The results are shown in Table 8 below.
- 0.2 ml of a mixed solvent of toluene and trichloromethane (5: 5) was used as a reaction solution.
- a solution prepared by dissolving 0.005 mmol of an asymmetric catalyst, 0.05 mmol of glycine imine ester, and 0.084 mmol of alkyl halide was used.
- N-dimethylmethylene glycine mono-t_butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester.
- any one of 2- (buguchi mometinole) naphthalene, 2- (buguchi mometinole) parachlorobenzene, or 2- (bromomethyl) benzene was used.
- HCD-aryl was used as the asymmetric catalyst.
- Kaolin ZK ⁇ H was used as the alkali-treated solid support.
- An asymmetric alkyl compound was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 1 by adding 0.5 lg of the alkali-treated solid support to the reaction solution and mixing the two. The results are shown in Table 9 below.
- the time required for completing the reaction was 2 to 7 hours. Further, the yield of the product was 67-89%, and the enantiomeric excess was 81-91%. In particular, when 2- (bromomethyl) benzene was used as the alkyl halide, the time required for completing the reaction, the yield of the product, and the enantiomeric excess were good.
- reaction solution 0.2 mol of a solvent, 10 mol% of an asymmetric catalyst, 0.05 mmol of a glycine imine ester, and 0.084 mmol of an alkyl halide were each used. The dissolved one was used. At this time, N-dimethylmethylenedalicin-t-butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester. Furthermore, 2- (butane benzoyl) benzene was used as the alkyl halide.
- the asymmetric catalyst HCD-aryl belonging to a cinchonidine-based compound was used.
- solvent a mixed solvent of toluene and trichloromethane (5: 5) was used.
- Kaolin ZK ZH was used as the alkali-treated solid support.
- a method for preparing the alkali-treated solid support in this example will be described.
- 25 g of 3g carrier (kaolin). / oKOH aqueous solution was added to 4 ml. This mixture was irradiated with ultrasonic waves (42 kHz) for 4 hours.
- ultrasonic waves 42 kHz
- the mixture was subjected to moisture removal at 95 ° C. for 2 hours under reduced pressure to partially remove moisture.
- an alkali-treated solid support in a wet state was obtained.
- solid phase in Table 10 corresponds to the above-mentioned alkali-treated solid support in a dry state.
- the “solid phase (wet)” corresponds to the above-mentioned alkali-treated solid support wetted with water.
- Liquid corresponds to a case where an asymmetric alkyl reaction is performed between a solvent phase and an aqueous phase (interface) by a conventional method without using an alkali-treated solid support.
- the asymmetric alkylation reaction was carried out at a reaction temperature of 20 ° C between the solvent phase and the aqueous phase (interface) by the conventional method without using the alkali-treated solid support.
- the time required for completing the asymmetric alkylation reaction is shorter than when the alkali-treated solid support in a dry state is used, but this is because HCD-aryl is used as an asymmetric catalyst. Only when used.
- a reaction solution obtained by dissolving 10 mol% of an asymmetric catalyst, 0.05 mmol of glycine imine ester, and 0.084 mmol of alkyl halide in 0.2 ml of a solvent was used.
- N-dimethylmethylenedalicin-t-butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester.
- 2- (butane benzoyl) benzene was used as the alkyl halide.
- HCD-aryl belonging to a cinchonidine-based compound was used as the asymmetric catalyst.
- a mixed solvent of toluene and trichloromethane (5: 5) or a mixed solvent of toluene and dichloromethane (3: 7) was used as the solvent.
- kaolin / KOH was used as the alkali-treated solid support.
- 3 g of the carrier (kaolin) was added to 4 ml of a 25% KOH aqueous solution. This mixture was irradiated with ultrasonic waves (42 kHz) for 4 hours.
- solid phase in Table 10 corresponds to the above-mentioned alkali-treated solid support in a dry state.
- the “solid phase (wet)” corresponds to the above-mentioned alkali-treated solid support in a wet state.
- Kaolin / KOH was used as the alkali-treated solid support.
- an alkali-treated solid support in a wet state with water was prepared.
- the water removal time under a reduced pressure environment using a rotary evaporator was appropriately set so that the percentage of water in the alkali-treated solid support in a wet state was 0 to 18%.
- the time required for completing the reaction is 0.033 0.25 hours, and the alkali-treated solid phase carrier in a dry state is Compared to the case of using, it decreased more markedly (see Table 10, No. 10-14).
- the time required for completing the reaction is 0.033 hours, and Compared to the case where the carrier was used, it was reduced by almost 1/60.
- the reaction solution was prepared by dissolving 2 mol% (0.001 mmol) of the asymmetric catalyst, 0.05 g of the glycine imine ester, and 0.084 mmol of the alkyl halide in a solvent.
- a solvent 0.05 g of the glycine imine ester
- N-dimethylmethylenglycine_t_butyl ester was used as the glycine imine ester.
- alkyl halides include 2- ( (Lomomethyl) benzene was used.
- S, S-NASB was used as the asymmetric catalyst.
- the solvent may be a mixed solvent of toluene (PhCH) -dichloromethane (7: 3) or toluene dichloride.
- a mixed solvent of chloromethane (5: 5) was used.
- Kaolin ZKOH was used as the alkali-treated solid support.
- an alkali-treated solid support in a wet state with water was prepared.
- the water removal time under a reduced pressure environment using a rotary evaporator was appropriately set so that the percentage of water in the alkali-treated solid support in the water-wet state was 018%.
- the method for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound of the present invention can be used for producing an asymmetric alkyl compound.
- the asymmetric alkyl compound can be, for example, a precursor of an amino acid having high optical purity. Therefore, the present invention can be used in various industries such as the pharmaceutical industry, the food industry, and the agricultural industry.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2005514907A JP4620592B2 (ja) | 2003-10-24 | 2004-05-28 | アルカリ処理固相担体を用いた不斉アルキル化合物の製造方法およびこの方法で用いられるアルカリ処理固相担体 |
US10/576,682 US7709678B2 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2004-05-28 | Method for producing asymmetric alkyl compound using alkali-treated solid support, and alkali-treated solid support used in this method |
EP04745429A EP1693362A4 (en) | 2003-10-24 | 2004-05-28 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING ASYMMETRIC ALKYL COMPOUNDS WITH ALKALI-TRADED SOLID CARRIER, AND ALKALI-TRADED SOLID CARRIER FOR USE IN THE PROCESS |
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